Unit4 History and Traditions单元词汇导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语导学案围绕“历史与传统”主题，涵盖核心词汇（如Confucius、philosophy、descendant等）、短语（如break away from、belong to等）及读后续写素材。课堂导入从孔子、《红楼梦》等文化符号切入，通过词汇构词法、同义反义对比搭建学习支架，衔接基础积累与语境应用。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，词汇解析含词源、跨文化典故（如Achilles’heel），读后续写提供多场景模板（焦虑、心动等），助力学生提升语言表达与文化理解，培养思维品质和学习策略，适合自主学习与课堂拓展。

2026-2027学年人教高中英语必修二第4单元词汇导学案 Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 1. Confucius n.孔子(551-479 BC) Chinese philosopher whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his death. 2. mansion n.公馆;宅第 A Dream of Red Mansions (译：红楼梦) 3. cemetery n.墓地;公墓 →pl. cemeteries [C] graveyard; tomb [tu:m]坟墓;坟冢;墓碑 4. philosophy n.哲学;原理;人生观→philosopher; Sophy (Sophia) is a woman of great wisdom and knowledge. 5. descendant n.后裔;后代;子孙→[anto.] ancestor/ forefather descend v.下降, 屈尊, 传下The balloon descended gradually as the air came out. 6. individual adj.单独的;个别的(syn. single ) n.个人→individualism 个人/利己主义 7. heel n.足跟;后跟; Achilles’heel (fig)(希腊神话)致命的弱点; ankle n.踝,足踝; 8. kingdom n.王国;领域→[构词] freedom自由; boredom无聊厌倦; wisdom智慧 9. chief adj.最重要的;最高级别的n.首领;酋/校长chief editor主编→principal adj.主要的; n校长 Smoking is one of the chief causes of lung cancer. 10. puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困惑→adj.puzzling/~ed; [syn]confuse v. 11. nearby adj.附近的;邻近的adv.在附近Do you live nearby? A ~ town. 12. join…to….把…和…连接起来→joint n.连接处,关节,接合adj.共同的;联合的 In the development of science and technology, we should work in a joint effort. 13. break away (from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱 14. belong vi.应在(某处); 适应→belong to属于; belongings n.财产,所有物(syn-possessions; property); It's important to have a sense of belonging.(归属感) 15. as well as 同(一样也);和;还 The mind needs exercise as well as the body. The world is yours, as well as ours, but in the last analysis, it is yours. You will always have the bad as well as the good in the world. 16. currency n.通货;货币→current adj.现行的,当前的;流行的currently adv at the present time当前;时下 at present; at this time; now 此刻; 现在 17. military adj.军事/用的→army n.军队; 陆军 air force空军;navy海军 18. defence n.防御;保卫；defend v.防护/卫; 辩护[syn] protect / safeguard/ shield in sb’s defence为某人辩护;in defence of sth为保护/卫……；为捍卫…… defend sb.from/against sth=protect sb. from/against sth. defensive adj. 防御的；保护的；保卫的；戒备的 19. legal adj.法律的;合法的→illegal adj (against the law)不合法的; 违法的. It is illegal to sell tobacco to someone under 16.(做...是非法的) 20. surround vt.围绕;包围surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n.环境(=environment)；情况；周围的事物 21. evidence n.证据;证明（U）[syn.] proof n.证据 There is evidence that+句子 有证据表明……There is evidence that his new teaching method works. evident adj.清楚的;显而易见的;显然的(同obvious/ apparent/ clear) It is evident that he is not equal to the job.显然，他不能胜任那个工作。 22. achieve v.取得;获得→achievement n.成就/绩;达到achievable adj可达到/获得的 a sense of achievement 成就感; achieve success / progress取得成功、进步 achieve a goal/an aim 实现目标 23. location n.地方;地点;位置→locate v.坐落于(=situate); be located in/on/at...位于 24. conquer v. 占领;征服;控制conqueror n. 征服者 I can conquer the world with one hand, so long as you hold the other. 25. battle n. 战役;搏斗vi.＆vt.搏斗;奋斗battle field 战场;battle with/against... 同……作斗争; batter for...为了……而斗争 26. port n.港口(城市) →export vt. & vi.输出；出口import v.进口transport运输 v. passport n护照；portable adj.可携带的；便携的 27. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinate v.对感到着迷；fascinated adj. 感到着迷的fascination n.魅力；极大的吸引力 28. keep your eyes open (for)留心;留意→keep a close eye/watch on严密监视；密切注视 29. charge n.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电take charge (of sth)掌管;负责；in charge of sb(=in sb’s charge)由...控制/负责/掌管 He was charged with murder. (=accuse sb. of.... ) How much do you charge for mending shoes? [charge (sb) sth (for sth) ] 30. announce vt. 宣布;通知:声称announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事 announcement  n. 宣布；通知；声称；announcer   n. 播音员；广播员 31. amount n.金额;数量→an amount of +不可数；amounts of... 大量的 32. gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊 33. approach n.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;着手处理vi.靠近 As you approach the town, the first building you see is the church. I'm not sure how to approach the problem. (=deal with; tackle) 34. ensure n.保证;确保;担保[syn] make sure; Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night. 35. landscape n. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景a desert landscape.荒凉的景色 36. generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的 [anto.] mean adj.吝啬的,小气的;苛刻的 be generous with 不吝惜……; generosity n. 慷慨，大方 It was generous of you to share your food with me. 37. butter n.黄/奶油vt.涂黄油于;bread and butter 面包与黄油butterfly 蝴蝶 (附读后续写有关butterfly词句背诵) 38. honey n. 蜂蜜honeymoon蜜月;[口]You look so pretty, honey! 39. ancestor ['ænsestə] n.祖宗;祖先→forefather 祖先 40. position n. 位置;姿态;职位; apply for a position申请职位 [syn]工作;职业occupation; employment; vocation; profession; career; job; work 41. courtyard n.庭院;院子court [kɔ:t]n.法/庭院; backyard后院; farmyard农场 42. snack n. 点心;小吃→ desserts n.餐后甜点 43. eager adj. 热切的;渴望的→eagerness n.渴望；热切 be eager for sth. 渴望得到……; be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 44. poet n.诗人; poetess 女诗人；poetry [U] 诗(总称); poem n诗； 45. county n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县country n.国家乡村；district地区/区域；province省;州；town n.城镇, 镇, 市; village n.乡村, 村庄 46. feast n.盛宴;宴会;节日a feast for eyes/ears 视觉盛宴、大饱耳福 47. roll vi.＆vt.(使)翻滚;(使)滚动n.卷(轴);翻滚roller coaster n.过山车△rock’n’roll (rock-and-roll) 摇滚乐a roll of …一卷 China may roll out its first weather insurance coverage before the end of the year. Roll up sleeves, striving with might; 撸起袖子加油干 Heroes are young when they shine bright.，英雄自古出少年。 Aged yet bold, still fighting strong; 老当益壮战犹酣， Men won’t yield to women all along.须眉不让半边天。 48. dot n. 点;小(圆)点vi.加点;遍布 be dotted with …点缀着…;布满… 49. cattle n.牛cattle n. 牛群（总称）cattle, police, people 用作复数的集合名词 50. roar vi. n.吼叫;咆哮roaring thunder震耳的雷声a roaring night 狂风暴雨之夜. 51. ocean n. 大海;海洋an ocean voyage 海洋航行 52. scent n.气味;气息 odor n.气味; 香气smell n.味道, 嗅觉, 气味 53. greet vi. 问候:迎接 greeting n. 问候greet sb. with sth. 54. pub n.酒吧;酒馆 55. wine n. 葡萄酒;果酒beer n. 啤酒; alcohol ['ælkəhɒl]n.酒精; 含酒精饮料; 酒 56. stew n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.＆vi.炖;煨 57. custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯Customs 海关→accustom v.使习惯于 58. sensory adj. 感觉的;感官的sense n.意义nonsense n.胡说;无稽之谈; 废话 59. striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的strike v. 60. transition n. 过渡;转变;变迁 61. crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众w.挤满;使……拥挤→crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海a crowd of 一群……be crowded with 挤满 [背诵] 1.日常焦虑场景，口语化 There are many butterflies in my stomach. My hands are shaking a little, and I keep checking the clock on the wall. In ten minutes, I’ll have to stand in front of the whole class and give my speech. I’ve practiced it a hundred times, but right now, every word seems to slip out of my mind. I take a deep breath, trying to calm down, yet the fluttering in my chest just won’t stop. 2.心动羞涩场景，细腻温柔There are many butterflies in my stomach. When he smiled and said hello to me just now, my face turned red in an instant. I even stammered when I replied, not daring to look into his bright eyes. Now he’s sitting just across the room, laughing with his friends, and every time I glance at him, my heart beats faster. I guess this is what it feels like to have a crush on someone. 3.紧张期待场景，正式感There are many butterflies in my stomach. Today is the day when the final exam results come out, a moment I’ve been looking forward to and fearing for weeks. I hold my phone tightly, fingers hovering over the school’s official website, too nervous to tap the enter button. What if I didn’t get the grades I worked so hard for? The uncertainty makes the fluttering feeling in my belly grow stronger by the second. 4.简短延伸，适配短句①There are many butterflies in my stomach. I’m so nervous about the upcoming interview that I can’t even finish my breakfast. ②There are many butterflies in my stomach. The stage lights are on, and it’s my turn to perform the piano solo I’ve prepared for months. ③There are many butterflies in my stomach. I’m waiting at the airport for my sister who’s been away for three years, excitement and nervousness mixing together. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2026-2027学年人教高中英语必修二第4单元词汇导学案 Unit4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 1. Confucius n.孔子(551-479 BC) Chinese philosopher whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his death. 2. mansion n.公馆;宅第 A Dream of Red Mansions (译： ) 3. cemetery n.墓地;公墓 →pl. [C] graveyard; tomb [tu:m]坟墓;坟冢;墓碑 4. n.哲学;原理;人生观→philosopher; Sophy (Sophia) is a woman of great wisdom and knowledge. 5. descendant n.后裔;后代;子孙→[anto.]ancestor/ forefather v.下降, 屈尊, 传下The balloon descended gradually as the air came out. 6. adj.单独的;个别的(syn. single ) n.个人→individualism 个人/利己主义 7. heel n.足跟;后跟; Achilles’heel (fig)(希腊神话)致命的弱点; ankle n.踝,足踝; 8. kingdom n.王国;领域→freedom ; boredom ; wisdom 9. adj.最重要的;最高级别的n.首领;酋/校长 主编→principal adj.主要的;n校长 Smoking is one of the chief causes of lung cancer. 10. puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困惑→adj. /~ed; [syn] v. 11. adj.附近的;邻近的adv.在附近Do you live nearby? A ~ town. 12. join…to….把…和…连接起来→ n.连接处,关节,接合adj.共同的;联合的 In development of science and technology, we should work in a effort. 13. break away (from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱 14. belong vi.应在(某处); 适应→ 属于; n.财产,所有物(syn-possessions; property); It's important to have a sense of belonging.( ) 15. as well as 同(一样也);和;还 The mind needs exercise the body. The world is yours, as well as ours, but in the last analysis, it is yours. You will always have the bad the good in the world. 16. n.通货;货币→current adj.现行的,当前的;流行的 adv at the present time当前;时下 at present; at this time; now 此刻; 现在 17. adj.军事/用的→army n.军队; 陆军 air force空军;navy海军 18. defence n.防御;保卫； v.防护/卫; 辩护[syn] protect / s / shield in sb’s defence为某人辩护;in defence of sth为保护/卫……；为捍卫…… defend sb.from/against sth=protect sb. from/against sth. defensive adj. 防御的；保护的；保卫的；戒备的 19. legal adj.法律的;合法的→ adj (against the law)不合法的; 违法的. It is illegal to sell tobacco to someone under 16.(做...是非法的) 20. surround vt.围绕;包围surrounding adj.周围的 n.环境(=environment)；情况；周围的事物 21. n.证据;证明（U）[syn.] n.证据 There is evidence that+句子 有证据表明……There is evidence that his new teaching method works. evident adj.清楚的;显而易见的;显然的(同obvious/ apparent/ clear) It is evident that he is not equal to the job.显然，他不能胜任那个工作。 22. achieve v.取得;获得→ n.成就/绩;达到achievable adj可达到/获得的 a sense of achievement 成就感; achieve success / progress取得成功、进步 achieve a goal/an aim 实现目标 23. n.地方;地点;位置→locate v.坐落于(= ); be located in/on/at...位于 24. v. 占领;征服;控制conqueror n. 征服者 I can the world with one hand, so long as you hold the other. 25. n. 战役;搏斗vi.＆vt.搏斗;奋斗battle field 战场;battle with/against... 同……作斗争; batter for...为了……而斗争 26. port n.港口(城市) → vt. & vi.输出；出口 v.进口 运输 v. passport n护照；portable adj.可携带的；便携的 27. adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinate v.对感到着迷；fascinated adj. 感到着迷的fascination n.魅力；极大的吸引力 28. keep your eyes open (for)留心;留意→keep a close eye/watch on严密监视；密切注视 29. charge n.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电take charge (of sth)掌管;负责；in charge of sb(=in sb’s charge)由...控制/负责/掌管 He murder. (=accuse sb. of.... ) How much do you mending shoes? [charge (sb) sth (for sth) ] 30. announce vt. 宣布;通知:声称announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事  n. 宣布；通知；声称；   n. 播音员；广播员 31. n.金额;数量→an amount of +不可数；amounts of... 大量的 32. gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊 33. approach n.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;着手处理vi.靠近 As you approach the town, the first building you see is the church. I'm not sure how to . (=deal with; tackle) 34. ensure n.保证;确保;担保[syn] make sure; Please that all the lights are switched off at night. 35. n. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景a desert landscape.荒凉的景色 36. adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的 [anto.] adj.吝啬的,小气的;苛刻的 be generous with 不吝惜……; n. 慷慨，大方 It was generous you to share your food with me. 37. butter n.黄/奶油vt.涂黄油于;bread and butter 面包与黄油 蝴蝶 (附读后续写有关butterfly词句背诵) 38. honey n. 蜂蜜 蜜月;[口]You look so pretty, honey! 39. ['ænsestə] n.祖宗;祖先→forefather 祖先 40. n. 位置;姿态;职位; apply for a position申请职位 [syn]工作;职业occupation; ; vocation; ; ; job; work 41. n.庭院;院子court [kɔ:t]n.法/庭院; backyard后院; farmyard农场 42. n. 点心;小吃→ desserts n.餐后甜点 43. eager adj. 热切的;渴望的→ n.渴望；热切 be eager sth. 渴望得到……; be eager sth 渴望做某事 44. n.诗人; poetess 女诗人；poetry [U] 诗(总称); n诗； 45. n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县 n.国家乡村；district地区/区域； 省;州；town n.城镇, 镇, 市; n.乡村, 村庄 46. feast n.盛宴;宴会;节日a for eyes/ears 视觉盛宴、大饱耳福 47. roll vi.＆vt.(使)翻滚;(使)滚动n.卷(轴);翻滚roller coaster n.过山车△rock’n’roll (rock-and-roll) 摇滚乐a roll of …一卷 China may its first weather insurance coverage before the end of the year. sleeves, striving with might; 撸起袖子加油干 are young when they shine bright.英雄自古出少年。 yet bold, still fighting strong;老当益壮战犹酣， Men won’t women all along.须眉不让半边天。 48. dot n. 点;小(圆)点vi.加点;遍布  …点缀着…;布满… 49. n.牛cattle n. 牛群（总称）cattle, police, people 用作复数的集合名词 50. roar vi. n.吼叫;咆哮 thunder震耳的雷声a roaring night 狂风暴雨之夜. 51. n. 大海;海洋an ocean voyage 海洋航行 52. n.气味;气息 odor n.气味; 香气smell n.味道, 嗅觉, 气味 53. greet vi. 问候:迎接 n. 问候greet sb. sth. 54. pub n.酒吧;酒馆 55. wine n. 葡萄酒;果酒 n. 啤酒; alcohol ['ælkəhɒl]n.酒精; 含酒精饮料; 酒 56. stew n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.＆vi.炖;煨 57. n. 风俗;习俗;习惯Customs 海关→ v.使习惯于 58. adj. 感觉的;感官的sense n.意义 n.胡说;无稽之谈; 废话 59. adj. 引人注目的;显著的strike v. 60. n. 过渡;转变;变迁His attitude underwent an abrupt transition. 61. n. 人群;一群人;民众w.挤满;使……拥挤→crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海a crowd of 一群…… 挤满 [背诵] 1日常焦虑场景，口语化There are many butterflies in my stomach. My hands are shaking a little, and I keep checking the clock on the wall. In ten minutes, I’ll have to stand in front of the whole class and give my speech. I’ve practiced it a hundred times, but right now, every word seems to slip out of my mind. I take a deep breath, trying to calm down, yet the fluttering in my chest just won’t stop. 2心动羞涩场景，细腻温柔There are many butterflies in my stomach. When he smiled and said hello to me just now, my face turned red in an instant. I even stammered when I replied, not daring to look into his bright eyes. Now he’s sitting just across the room, laughing with his friends, and every time I glance at him, my heart beats faster. I guess this is what it feels like to have a crush on someone. 3紧张期待场景，正式感There are many butterflies in my stomach. Today is the day when the final exam results come out, a moment I’ve been looking forward to and fearing for weeks. I hold my phone tightly, fingers hovering over the school’s official website, too nervous to tap the enter button. What if I didn’t get the grades I worked so hard for? The uncertainty makes the fluttering feeling in my belly grow stronger by the second. 4简短延伸，适配短句①There are many butterflies in my stomach. I’m so nervous about the upcoming interview that I can’t even finish my breakfast. ②There are many butterflies in my stomach. The stage lights are on, and it’s my turn to perform the piano solo I’ve prepared for months. ③There are many butterflies in my stomach. I’m waiting at the airport for my sister who’s been away for three years, excitement and nervousness mixing together. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $