专题04 七选五（复习讲义）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考七选五题型，围绕段首、段中、段末设空及词汇线索、句式平行五大核心考点，按“命题透视-思维建模-考点精讲-真题溯源”流程构建系统框架，通过拆解逻辑关系和归纳解题范式，帮助学生精准突破语境理解与句间衔接难点。 讲义创新采用“考点-考向-策略”三层靶向突破模式，如段中设空通过识别转折信号词训练思维品质，词汇线索模块结合代词指代培养语言运用能力。配套真题演练与易错提醒，确保7分钟高效解题，为教师提供清晰复习路径，助力学生提升应考能力。

专题04 七选五题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 段首设空 知识解构 知识点 主题句与细节句 考向破译 考向 01 总分关系 考向02 例证关系 考点二 段中设空 知识解构 知识点 常见逻辑关系 考向破译 考向 01 转折逻辑 考向02 递进逻辑 考向03 例证关系 考向04 因果逻辑 考点三 段末设空 知识解构 知识点1 总结句 知识点2 过渡句 考向破译 考向01 本段总结 考向02 引出下段过渡句 考点四 词汇线索 知识解构 知识点1 代词指代 知识点2 词汇复现 考向破译 考向01 代词指代前文 考向02 同义/同根词复现 考点五 句式平行 知识解构 知识点1 祈使句排比 知识点2 问答匹配 考向破译 考向01 方法类文章 考向02 有答必有问 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 段首设空 1个 1个 1个 段中设空 3个 3个 3个 段末设空 1个 1个 1个 考情分析 题型与考向： 分析近三年高考真题可知，近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查,强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力，侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。 1.命题核心：以语篇逻辑、句间衔接、段落结构为核心，考查上下文语义连贯能力； 2.能力导向：强化语境整合，要求区分主旨句、过渡句、细节支撑句； 3.选材特点：话题稳定，多围绕科普知识展开，（阅读方法、心理健康、农业科技、人际沟通、艺术疗愈、时间管理等），篇幅 300 词左右； 4.干扰项套路：局部原词匹配但逻辑冲突、话题偏离、指代错位、细节冒充主旨。 复习目标 1.能根据空格位置快速判定句子功能（段首主旨 / 段中过渡 / 段尾总结）； 2.熟练识别四大解题线索：逻辑连接词、词汇复现、代词指代、句式平行； 3.区分总分、转折、递进、因果、例证五大高频句间逻辑； 4.约7分钟内完成一篇，做到先易后难、代入验证零失误。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 段首设空 知●识●解●构 知识点 主题句与细节句 得分速记 1.总分型主题句：放在段落第一句，概括本段全部内容，后文全部为支撑细节； 2.例证型总起句：段首提出观点，后文用 for example/for instance 列举事例论证； 3.区分标准：段首句出现概括性名词（tips、ways、benefits、methods）大概率为主旨句；若后文全是举例，则为例证总起。 解题规则：主题句需概括段落核心内容，细节句需围绕主题句展开补充（如特点、方法、影响等），关注段落首尾位置的主题句特征（概括性强、不涉及具体细节）。 助记口诀 段首空，看后文；全是细节选总起； 后文举例在前句，观点概括是答案。 易错提醒 易错 1：误选局部细节句。后文只是举一个例子，选项只描述例子内容，不能概括整段，直接排除； 易错 2：忽略跨段逻辑。部分段首句同时承担承上启下，既要概括本段，还要呼应上一段结尾； 易错 3：原词陷阱。选项出现本段高频词，但仅讲单一细节，无法统领全段。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查总分关系 1.（2026·北京通州·一模） Do some background research when necessary. One difficulty in reading classics is the gap between the author’s time and our own. Looking up historical events in the story can deepen your understanding. You may also keep a small list of unfamiliar words or note down characters to avoid confusion. Such preparation can make the story clearer and more rewarding. 5 Once you adjust your expectations and reading habits, you may discover that these works are not distant relics of the past, but living voices that still speak to us today. A．Reading classic literature is not a race but a journey. B．You should read aloud at least one novel every month. C．You may want to try them but feel unsure where to begin. D．This allows you to notice details that you might otherwise miss. E．In fact, many classic works were originally meant to be shared aloud. F．Looking up historical events in the story can deepen your understanding. G．Choosing a book you are naturally curious about will make the process easier. 2.（2026·北京房山·一模）Positive, everyday actions can make a difference to your brain health. Developing these tried-and-true practices can help you feel sharp and focused. Adopting even a single one can meaningfully improve how you feel. These tips are designed to help you build resilience, find balance, and prioritize what you value most. 2 Immediately after a workout, people tend to report feeling better emotionally, and their performance on tests of working memory and other cognitive functions improves. But the real benefits come from exercising consistently over time: People who do so have a lower risk of developing depression and dementia. Scientists think that moving your body leads to extra blood flow and chemicals released in the brain, which can help build new connections between neurons. A．You can learn a practical skill or try something artistic. B．In such moments, a good approach is to face your fears directly. C．Physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your brain. D．However, these emotional reactions will not disappear on their own. E．Developing these tried-and-true practices can help you feel sharp and focused. F．Writing down your reflections can help you recognize patterns in your thinking. G．Staying socially connected can help protect the brain from these negative effects. 考向2 考查例证关系 1.（2026·北京东城·二模）Picture a table surrounded by curious minds, each desiring to uncover the mysteries of the universe, as they start a journey of intellectual exploration through the art of challenging questions. The scene summarizes the essence of intellectual questions. Intellectual questions are not just surface-level inquiries. They’re the kind of questions that make you frown, scratch your head, and maybe even lose a little sleep. 2 For instance, as AI systems become increasingly complex, we’re forced to deal with some pretty mind-bending questions, like “Will AI ever achieve true consciousness?” or “Could it one day surpass human intelligence?” Environmental sustainability presents another set of urgent scientific questions: “How can we balance economic growth with environmental protection? Could we engineer our way out of a climate disaster?” Similarly, space exploration has fascinated humans for centuries. A．Intellectual questions arise accordingly. B．It’s like going to the gym, but for your brain. C．Intellectual questions are not just surface-level inquiries. D．Moreover, raising big questions drives innovation and progress. E．In a world full of challenges, they are more important than ever. F．As we explore further, the questions touch on the very fabric of our society. G．The questions that unlock deep insights and meaningful connections lie in every corner. 2.（2026·北京西城·一模） The results are remarkable. Children who engage more with the arts have a reduced risk of developing problems like depression later in life. Adults who participate more frequently in the arts and visit cultural venues are happier and feel more satisfied with their lives over the years and decades that follow 4 Kindergarteners who engage in music activities have increased prosocial skills as they head into primary school. Teenagers who are involved in bands, dance and editing school newspapers are less likely to get involved in antisocial behaviors or crime. A．The benefits aren’t just psychological either. B．Regular arts engagement goes beyond boosting physical health. C．But there is one piece of advice I bet you have never been given. D．Many of these studies contain buried questions on arts engagement. E．Arts can be inaccessible to people because of cost and other reasons. F．Crafts, singing, theatre and writing are good for us as part of our daily lives. G．Programs being developed around the world are starting to integrate the arts into healthcare. 考点二 段中设空 知●识●解●构 知识点 常见逻辑关系 1.转折逻辑：前后语义相反，标志词 but/yet/however/instead； 2.递进逻辑：语义加深、范围扩大，标志词 also/besides/moreover/furthermore/not just...either； 3.例证逻辑：前文抽象观点，后文具体例子，标志 for example/such as/for instance； 4.因果逻辑：前因后果 / 前果后因，标志 so/therefore/this leads to/as a result/because。 得分速记 段中空白看连词，转折相反递进深； 举例匹配抽象观点，因果分清谁在前。 易错提醒 易错 1：只看单词不看逻辑。选项出现原文相同名词，但前后语义转折却选正向递进句； 易错 2：递进与因果混淆。看到 also 直接选，忽略上下文存在因果关系； 易错 3：忽略指代。段中空选项代词 this/that/these 必须在上一句找到对应名词。 考●向●破●译 考向一 转折逻辑 1.（2026·北京西城·一模）Cut your sugar, get some exercise, eat your vegetables, sleep well. Every day, we are surrounded by information about how to live longer, healthier, happier lives. 1 It is to engage in the arts. Over the past few decades, evidence has been increasing to suggest that being more creative works wonders for our health. Programs being developed around the world are starting to integrate the arts into healthcare. And the results are astonishing, from music in surgery reducing the amount of painkillers and anti-anxiety medicines needed, to dance programs helping people with Parkinson’s disease to walk. A．The benefits aren’t just psychological either. B．Regular arts engagement goes beyond boosting physical health. C．But there is one piece of advice I bet you have never been given. D．Many of these studies contain buried questions on arts engagement. E．Arts can be inaccessible to people because of cost and other reasons. F．Crafts, singing, theatre and writing are good for us as part of our daily lives. G．Programs being developed around the world are starting to integrate the arts into healthcare. 2.（2026·北京顺义·二模） Researchers analyzed 16,000 yearbook photographs of students from kindergarten to college. Children showed no significant difference in smiling until age eight or nine. Then the gap started to widen with girls smiling much more than boys. The difference peaked by age 14 and continued into adulthood. We may see such results because as children grow older, they become more aware of societal expectations related to gender roles. 2 People may also internalize gender roles portrayed in film and media, where smiling is seen as more common for women and seriousness for men. A．Smiling girls are considered more pleasant and friendly. B．Children ought to know that it is okay to feel sad, upset and angry. C．These expectations could come from teachers, parents or peer groups. D．They can also have lasting negative effects on children’s sense of self. E．Then the gap started to widen with girls smiling much more than boys. F．It is widely believed that girls are better than boys managing their emotions. G．Parents might encourage emotional expression in girls but discourage it in boys. 策略归纳 抓住转折信号词（however、but、yet、nevertheless等），选项需与前文语义形成对比或补充，重点关注“前文观点→转折后的不同/补充观点”的逻辑转换。 考向二 递进逻辑 （2026·北京东城·二模） Asking intellectual questions isn’t just a way to sound smart at dinner parties. When we engage with intellectual questions, we’re developing critical thinking skills, enhancing our ability to analyze complex issues, and broadening our understanding of the world. It’s like going to the gym, but for your brain. And the benefits go beyond personal development. Engaging in intellectual questions can promote understanding. When we struggle with difficult questions together, we learn to appreciate different viewpoints, to challenge our own assumptions, and to find common ground even in disagreement. 65 Didn’t many of the world’s greatest discoveries and inventions start with someone asking “What if?” or “Why not?” A．Intellectual questions arise accordingly. B．It’s like going to the gym, but for your brain. C．Intellectual questions are not just surface-level inquiries. D．Moreover, raising big questions drives innovation and progress. E．In a world full of challenges, they are more important than ever. F．As we explore further, the questions touch on the very fabric of our society. G．The questions that unlock deep insights and meaningful connections lie in every corner. 策略归纳 通过递进信号词（also、furthermore、besides、in addition等）判断，选项需在前文基础上延伸语义（如增加新观点、补充更多细节），形成“基础观点→递进观点”的逻辑。 考向三 例证关系 1.（2026·北京石景山·一模） Understand why you reach for your phone. 23 Maybe you are afraid of missing out on news from friends, or maybe you are putting off thinking about homework. Once you name the true reason, you can look for healthier ways to deal with it, such as talking to someone you trust. A．You don’t have to let late-night scrolling control your life. B．Without strict requirements, you may stay up all night long. C．Of course, you shouldn’t completely give up smartphones to sleep well. D．Set a clear “screen-off” time, such as 30 minutes before you plan to sleep. E．Over time, this late-night scrolling quietly steals both your rest and your energy. F．Ask yourself what you are really looking for when you keep refreshing the screen. G．Focusing on these pleasant moments gently moves your attention away from the screen. 2.（2026·北京丰台·二模） Most people experience a natural dip in alertness in the early afternoon, typically between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. Our internal body clock creates cycles of wakefulness and tiredness throughout the day. The early afternoon lull is part of this cycle, which is why so many people feel drowsy at that time. Studies suggest that a short nap allows the brain to rest without slipping into deep sleep. But there’s a catch. 48 This is due to “sleep inertia” — the grogginess (昏沉) and disorientation that comes from waking up during deeper sleep stages. Once a nap extends beyond 30 minutes, the brain transitions into slow-wave sleep, making it much harder to wake up. A．Despite the benefits, napping isn’t for everyone. B．Waking from deep sleep leaves you feeling tired for up to an hour. C．Napping too long may result in waking up feeling worse than before. D．Relying on naps instead of improving nighttime sleep is a short-term fix. E．That midday nap which felt so refreshing at the time might be the reason. F．Shift workers often struggle with broken sleep due to irregular schedules. G．The key lies in understanding how the body regulates sleep and wakefulness. 策略归纳 例证题需满足“主题句→例证”或“例证→主题句”的结构，选项需是对前文主题的具体说明或后文主题的铺垫，关注“for example、for instance、such as”等信号词。 考向四 因果逻辑 1.（2026·北京昌平·二模） To be sure, this is different from planning and preparing. When you dread, you think about the upcoming event. You worry. You find it distracting. You may have physiological symptoms. What you don’t do is plan, prepare, and get on with your life. 52 In fact, it is easy to feel like you are putting a lot of effort into it without actually putting yourself in a better position. That is dreading ahead. A．You might as well put yourself in the best possible position. B．You likely recognize that you have engaged in anticipatory dread. C．If you are doing the latter. recognize that it is OK to feel your feelings. D．First of all, you have to recognize that dreading ahead is what you are doing. E．So, much emotional energy goes into the concern with little productive happening. F．View this as a practice involving awareness, anxiety tolerance, and the ability to shift. G．It is when the time from now until what is expected is filled with concern and distraction. 2.（2026·北京大兴·三模） The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less However, psychologist Barry Schwartz introduced the idea of “the paradox of choice,” which suggests that too many choices can actually lead to stress, anxiety, and dissatisfaction. 87 They may worry about making the wrong choice or missing out on better opportunities. This mental pressure is known as “choice overload”. A．They begin to expect perfect results, and when reality falls short, they feel disappointed. B．Making wise decisions is essential for a happy and fulfilling life. C．By accepting that “good enough” is often sufficient, people can reduce stress and feel more satisfied with their decisions. D．Many people believe that having more options increases freedom and improves the quality of decisions. E．People tend to spend too much time comparing different choices. F．Too many choices also reduce satisfaction after a decision is made. G．When people are faced with too many options, they often struggle to make a decision. 策略归纳 识别因果信号词（so、therefore、hence、as a result、because、since等），重点关注“原因→结果”或“结果→原因”的语义流向，确保选项与上下文构成合理因果链。 考点三 段末设空 助记口诀 段末空，两分法；全段收尾选总结； 后文另起新话题，承上启下过渡句。 知●识●解●构 知识点1 总结句 得分速记 功能：收拢本段全部论述，提炼核心观点； 标志词：all in all/this means/thus/this strategy also/overall。 知识点2 过渡句 得分速记 功能：既总结本段，又抛出下段讨论对象； 识别：选项出现下一段核心名词、新话题关键词。 易错提醒 易错 1：混淆段末总结与段中细节。总结句需要覆盖整段，不能只概括前一句； 易错 2：过渡句只承接上文，不呼应下段。正确过渡句必须包含下一段核心词； 易错 3：主观添加无关观点，总结不能拓展原文未提及的新内容。 考●向●破●译 考向一 本段总结 1.（2026·北京通州·一模） Slow down your reading pace. Unlike many modern books, classic novels often require patience. Some were first published in parts, which meant readers had time to reflect between chapters. Instead of rushing to finish, take time to think about the themes and ideas. 8 A．Reading classic literature is not a race but a journey. B．You should read aloud at least one novel every month. C．You may want to try them but feel unsure where to begin. D．This allows you to notice details that you might otherwise miss. E．In fact, many classic works were originally meant to be shared aloud. F．Looking up historical events in the story can deepen your understanding. G．Choosing a book you are naturally curious about will make the process easier. 2.（2026·北京房山·一模） Beyond managing internal feelings, our social connections also play a critical role. Experts think that loneliness can trigger the body’s stress response, which increases inflammation. Over time, chronic stress and inflammation can damage brain cells and the connections between them. Simply reaching out to a friend or family member for even a short call can combat loneliness and provide a powerful benefit. 29 A．You can learn a practical skill or try something artistic. B．In such moments, a good approach is to face your fears directly. C．Physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your brain. D．However, these emotional reactions will not disappear on their own. E．Developing these tried-and-true practices can help you feel sharp and focused. F．Writing down your reflections can help you recognize patterns in your thinking. G．Staying socially connected can help protect the brain from these negative effects. 考向二 引出下段过渡句 1.（2026·北京顺义·一模）Organic agriculture is often thought of as green and good for nature. Conventional agriculture, in contrast, is cast as big and bad. A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. Organic output is typically 25 percent lower than conventional farming output. Switching all the world to organic would mean turning 24 percent more natural habitats into agricultural land to meet future demands, doing more harm than good to nature. A．This strategy also had environmental benefits. B．So scientists are doubling down on the middle road. C．Organic fields are an experimental ground for boosting profits. D．None of this means that people should stop buying organic produce. E．Therefore, some crops grow better than others under organic conditions. F．Yet scientists are finding that organic farming is not as green as it seems. G．Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. 2.（2026·北京东城·一模） As centuries unfolded, the instruments of observation multiplied: microscopes, cameras, telescopes, sensors, and finally, algorithms. Each revealed a new layer of reality — the infinitesimal cell, the atom, the DNA helix, the universe. The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy. To see was to know; To measure was to exist. Observation drew the outlines of science, yet it also defined our sense of self, for every discovery beyond the human scale reminded us how small we are. 3 The internet made observers of everyone, yet it also made us observable. The gaze (注视) turned inward and outward at once: we became data points, recording and being recorded in the same instant. The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing. The system extends from the depths of space to the finest details of a face. A．Seeing is no longer believing. B．We no longer merely looked — we searched. C．The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy. D．The ultimate horizon of observation is out there among the stars. E．The 20th century transformed the act of looking into a networked activity. F．Observation, once an act of curiosity, has become continuous, all-around, and autonomous. G．The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing. 考点四 词汇线索 助记口诀 代词往前找指代，找不到就直接弃； 同义同根高频词，选项匹配是正解。 知●识●解●构 知识点1 代词指代 得分速记 常见代词：it/this/that/these/those/they/such； 解题规则：识别指代词（it、they、this、that、these、those等），明确指代对象（前文提到的人、事、物或观点），确保选项与指代对象语义一致，衔接自然。 易错提醒 知识点2 词汇复现 得分速记 同义复现：同一含义不同单词（healthy=well-being；anxiety=worries）； 同根词复现：art /artistic；observe /observation；relax /relaxation； 原词复现：全文反复出现核心名词（earthing、spaced repetition、doomscrolling）。 易错提醒 易错 1：代词跨段指代无依据。段中空代词只能指代本段上一句，极少跨段； 易错 2：被原词陷阱误导。选项有原文原词，但逻辑矛盾，依然是干扰项； 易错 3：混淆单复数指代。上文单数名词，选项用 they 复数，直接排除。 考●向●破●译 考向一 代词指代前文 1.（2026·北京西城·一模） But the arts aren’t just there for us when we are sick. As a public health scientist. I spend my days looking at data from studies — massive datasets that contain thousands of individuals who have completed questionnaires, had nurse interviews, donated blood samples and undergone brain imaging every few years of their lives. 3 Using complex statistical methods, we can look at the long-term relationship between everyday arts engagement and dozens of health outcomes. A．The benefits aren’t just psychological either. B．Regular arts engagement goes beyond boosting physical health. C．But there is one piece of advice I bet you have never been given. D．Many of these studies contain buried questions on arts engagement. E．Arts can be inaccessible to people because of cost and other reasons. F．Crafts, singing, theatre and writing are good for us as part of our daily lives. G．Programs being developed around the world are starting to integrate the arts into healthcare. 2.（2026·北京大兴·三模） The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less Furthermore, too many choices can make people set unreasonably high standards. 89 In contrast, having fewer choices allows people to make decisions more easily and feel more confident about their final choice. A．They begin to expect perfect results, and when reality falls short, they feel disappointed. B．Making wise decisions is essential for a happy and fulfilling life. C．By accepting that “good enough” is often sufficient, people can reduce stress and feel more satisfied with their decisions. D．Many people believe that having more options increases freedom and improves the quality of decisions. E．People tend to spend too much time comparing different choices. F．Too many choices also reduce satisfaction after a decision is made. G．When people are faced with too many options, they often struggle to make a decision. 考向二 同义/同根词复现 1.（2026·北京海淀·一模） Communication that leads to real human connection involves active listening and empathy. Active listening includes eye contact as well as verbal and non-verbal acknowledgments that you are listening. 17 Empathy involves reflection, validation and a genuine concern for how others are feeling. This combination of active listening and empathy  —  empathetic listening — can improve relationships of all kinds. A．Shifting the topic might bring comfort to the speaker. B．These include nodding, confirming, and clarifying questions. C．Just be empathetic and you’ll have thought-provoking conversations. D．It’s simply listening, withholding judgment, and emotionally connecting. E．Everyone wants to feel understood for speaking their thoughts and feelings. F．The listener may want to shut down the conversation and move to a safer space. G．You might even expect the other person to completely tune into what you are saying. 2.（2026·北京西城·二模） Do you ever feel a little more relaxed after walking around barefoot on the grass or sand? 66 It’s a wellness practice that allows people to directly connect their bodies with the Earth and use its natural electric charges to stabilize them. A．Earthing, like other forms of treatment, isn’t a quick fix. B．That’s the idea behind earthing, also known as grounding. C．When going outside is not an option, just ground yourself indoors. D．Be observant of yourself and your surroundings and stay in the moment. E．Experts suggest 30 minutes is enough time to begin enjoying the benefits. F．These methods include taking a walk on grass, across the sand or in the mud. G．Research shows a connection between earthing and measurable improvements in these health issues. 考点五 句式平行 助记口诀 方法文，祈使排；句式一致优先选； 前文问句找答句，后文回答寻问句。 知●识●解●构 知识点1 祈使句排比 得分速记 特征：全篇大量动词原形开头句子（Pick.../ Consider.../ Slow down.../ Do some research...），选项句式与前后句保持一致。 易错提醒 知识点2 问答匹配 得分速记 特征：上文提出问句，下文给出回答；或选项为问句，后文对应解释答案，“有答必有问，有问必有答”。 易错提醒 易错 1：句式不匹配强行选择。前后全是祈使句，选项为陈述句，大概率错误； 易错 2：问答逻辑错位。上文问原因，选项却讲方法，逻辑不匹配直接排除； 易错 3：忽略排比并列逻辑，只看单词忽略句式结构。 考●向●破●译 考向一 方法类文章 1.（2026·北京通州·一模）Classic literature holds timeless wisdom and fascinating stories. Yet for many students, reading classics can feel challenging or even boring at first. ... Don’t worry! Here are some practical ways to get started. Pick the right book. We all have our own preferences when it comes to modern novels, so the same should apply to classic works. Think about the genres you enjoy most — romance, adventure, mystery or historical fiction — and begin with a story that matches your interests. Consider listening to an audiobook. Hearing a story read aloud can bring it to life in a new way. 7 A skilled narrator can help you understand the emotions of the characters and the atmosphere of the time. This method is especially helpful if you find the language difficult at first. Slow down your reading pace. Unlike many modern books, classic novels often require patience. Some were first published in parts, which meant readers had time to reflect between chapters. Instead of rushing to finish, take time to think about the themes and ideas. ... Do some background research when necessary. One difficulty in reading classics is the gap between the author’s time and our own. ... You may also keep a small list of unfamiliar words or note down characters to avoid confusion. Such preparation can make the story clearer and more rewarding. A．Reading classic literature is not a race but a journey. B．You should read aloud at least one novel every month. C．You may want to try them but feel unsure where to begin. D．This allows you to notice details that you might otherwise miss. E．In fact, many classic works were originally meant to be shared aloud. F．Looking up historical events in the story can deepen your understanding. G．Choosing a book you are naturally curious about will make the process easier. 2.（2026·北京石景山·一模）Many teenagers promise themselves they’ll go to sleep early, yet still stay up scrolling (浏览) their phones in the dark. As minutes turn into an hour, messages, short videos and games keep their brains awake. ... Blue light from the screen slows the release of sleep hormones (荷尔蒙), and worries from social media can follow you into your dreams. The habit can be changed with a few simple steps. Build a phone-free wind-down time. Avoid lying in bed with your phone beside you. 2 After that, you might read a paper book, write in a diary, or simply listen to soft music. Keeping your hands busy with offline activities makes it easier to forget about checking your phone again. Understand why you reach for your phone. ... Maybe you are afraid of missing out on news from friends, or maybe you are putting off thinking about homework. Once you name the true reason, you can look for healthier ways to deal with it, such as talking to someone you trust. Make nights something to look forward to. Plan a small treat, like enjoying a cup of warm milk or doing a short relaxation exercise. You could also keep a grateful list and add three good things that happened that day. ... When your brain connects bedtime with comfort instead of stress, the pull of the phone grows weaker. A．You don’t have to let late-night scrolling control your life. B．Without strict requirements, you may stay up all night long. C．Of course, you shouldn’t completely give up smartphones to sleep well. D．Set a clear “screen-off” time, such as 30 minutes before you plan to sleep. E．Over time, this late-night scrolling quietly steals both your rest and your energy. F．Ask yourself what you are really looking for when you keep refreshing the screen. G．Focusing on these pleasant moments gently moves your attention away from the screen. 考向二 有答必有问 （2026·北京海淀·一模）How many times do you find yourself in a conversation with someone, waiting for the other person to stop talking so you can say what you want to say? 16 This common experience shows a lack of active listening, because you are only thinking about how you want to respond. A．Shifting the topic might bring comfort to the speaker. B．These include nodding, confirming, and clarifying questions. C．Just be empathetic and you’ll have thought-provoking conversations. D．It’s simply listening, withholding judgment, and emotionally connecting. E．Everyone wants to feel understood for speaking their thoughts and feelings. F．The listener may want to shut down the conversation and move to a safer space. G．You might even expect the other person to completely tune into what you are saying. 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 议论文 1.（2026·北京·高考真题） Most of us have experienced both how good it can feel and how hard it can be to do the right thing. Helping strangers can leave you with a deep sense of satisfaction, but you’ve likely also felt the stress of showing up for others when you’re already stretched thin. These ordinary moments speak to a philosophical puzzle: Are moral people happier? 1 Others might reason that moral behavior often requires self-sacrifice. 2 Past studies clearly show that people feel good when they perform acts of kindness for others. But researchers had not directly examined if moral character, broadly speaking, is linked to well-being. So my team conducted a set of studies to take this challenge seriously. In one of our studies, undergraduate students reported on their own well-being, rating their happiness as well as their sense of how meaningful their life is. 3 Then these close others, such as friends and family members, rated the participant’s moral character using our questionnaire (调查问卷), which asked how much that person had the various characteristics identified as most morally relevant. 4 Doing the right thing isn’t always easy. 110 But our findings indicate that, in general, there’s no trade-off between morality and well-being. Instead, people with stronger moral character tend to experience greater meaning in life and happiness. This suggests that moments of moral effort may be part of a life that, taken as a whole, feels more satisfying. A．Until recently, scientific evidence had been limited to one aspect of morality: kindness. B．Despite various debates, there’s no agreement on what it means to be morally good. C．Standing up for someone who is being treated unfairly can feel uncomfortable. D．Some might assume morality and happiness naturally go together. E．They also gave us contact information for people who know them. F．We found that those rated as more moral reported a stronger sense of well-being. G．This might be in part because of the difficulties of defining and measuring kindness. 2.（2025·北京·高考真题） What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 1 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 2 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 3 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 4 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 115 A．It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B．They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C．It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D．In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E．They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F．You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G．When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 题组二 说明文 （2024·北京·高考真题）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 1 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 2 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 3 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 4 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 120 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A．In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B．They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C．Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D．But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E．However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F．When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G．They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 七选五题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 段首设空 知识解构 知识点 主题句与细节句 考向破译 考向 01 总分关系 考向02 例证关系 考点二 段中设空 知识解构 知识点 常见逻辑关系 考向破译 考向 01 转折逻辑 考向02 递进逻辑 考向03 例证关系 考向04 因果逻辑 考点三 段末设空 知识解构 知识点1 总结句 知识点2 过渡句 考向破译 考向01 本段总结 考向02 引出下段过渡句 考点四 词汇线索 知识解构 知识点1 代词指代 知识点2 词汇复现 考向破译 考向01 代词指代前文 考向02 同义/同根词复现 考点五 句式平行 知识解构 知识点1 祈使句排比 知识点2 问答匹配 考向破译 考向01 方法类文章 考向02 有答必有问 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 段首设空 1个 1个 1个 段中设空 3个 3个 3个 段末设空 1个 1个 1个 考情分析 题型与考向： 分析近三年高考真题可知，近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查,强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力，侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。 1.命题核心：以语篇逻辑、句间衔接、段落结构为核心，考查上下文语义连贯能力； 2.能力导向：强化语境整合，要求区分主旨句、过渡句、细节支撑句； 3.选材特点：话题稳定，多围绕科普知识展开，（阅读方法、心理健康、农业科技、人际沟通、艺术疗愈、时间管理等），篇幅 300 词左右； 4.干扰项套路：局部原词匹配但逻辑冲突、话题偏离、指代错位、细节冒充主旨。 复习目标 1.能根据空格位置快速判定句子功能（段首主旨 / 段中过渡 / 段尾总结）； 2.熟练识别四大解题线索：逻辑连接词、词汇复现、代词指代、句式平行； 3.区分总分、转折、递进、因果、例证五大高频句间逻辑； 4.约7分钟内完成一篇，做到先易后难、代入验证零失误。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 段首设空 知●识●解●构 知识点 主题句与细节句 得分速记 1.总分型主题句：放在段落第一句，概括本段全部内容，后文全部为支撑细节； 2.例证型总起句：段首提出观点，后文用 for example/for instance 列举事例论证； 3.区分标准：段首句出现概括性名词（tips、ways、benefits、methods）大概率为主旨句；若后文全是举例，则为例证总起。 解题规则：主题句需概括段落核心内容，细节句需围绕主题句展开补充（如特点、方法、影响等），关注段落首尾位置的主题句特征（概括性强、不涉及具体细节）。 助记口诀 段首空，看后文；全是细节选总起； 后文举例在前句，观点概括是答案。 易错提醒 易错 1：误选局部细节句。后文只是举一个例子，选项只描述例子内容，不能概括整段，直接排除； 易错 2：忽略跨段逻辑。部分段首句同时承担承上启下，既要概括本段，还要呼应上一段结尾； 易错 3：原词陷阱。选项出现本段高频词，但仅讲单一细节，无法统领全段。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查总分关系 1.（2026·北京通州·一模） Do some background research when necessary. One difficulty in reading classics is the gap between the author’s time and our own. Looking up historical events in the story can deepen your understanding. You may also keep a small list of unfamiliar words or note down characters to avoid confusion. Such preparation can make the story clearer and more rewarding. 5 Once you adjust your expectations and reading habits, you may discover that these works are not distant relics of the past, but living voices that still speak to us today. A．Reading classic literature is not a race but a journey. B．You should read aloud at least one novel every month. C．You may want to try them but feel unsure where to begin. D．This allows you to notice details that you might otherwise miss. E．In fact, many classic works were originally meant to be shared aloud. F．Looking up historical events in the story can deepen your understanding. G．Choosing a book you are naturally curious about will make the process easier. 【答案】A 【解析】 本题在末段段首，是该段主旨句。由下文“Once you adjust your expectations and reading habits, you may discover that these works are not distant relics of the past, but living voices that still speak to us today.(一旦你调整了自己的期望和阅读习惯，你可能会发现，这些作品并非久远的历史遗迹，而是鲜活的声音，至今仍在与我们对话)”可知，本段论述了调整阅读心态与习惯后，便能体会到经典文学的现实意义与价值。A项“Reading classic literature is not a race but a journey.(阅读经典不是一场赛跑，而是一段旅程)”能总起全段、升华主题，符合题意。 2.（2026·北京房山·一模）Positive, everyday actions can make a difference to your brain health. Developing these tried-and-true practices can help you feel sharp and focused. Adopting even a single one can meaningfully improve how you feel. These tips are designed to help you build resilience, find balance, and prioritize what you value most. 2 Immediately after a workout, people tend to report feeling better emotionally, and their performance on tests of working memory and other cognitive functions improves. But the real benefits come from exercising consistently over time: People who do so have a lower risk of developing depression and dementia. Scientists think that moving your body leads to extra blood flow and chemicals released in the brain, which can help build new connections between neurons. A．You can learn a practical skill or try something artistic. B．In such moments, a good approach is to face your fears directly. C．Physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your brain. D．However, these emotional reactions will not disappear on their own. E．Developing these tried-and-true practices can help you feel sharp and focused. F．Writing down your reflections can help you recognize patterns in your thinking. G．Staying socially connected can help protect the brain from these negative effects. 【答案】C 【解析】 分析语篇可知，此处应为本段主旨句；根据空后的“Immediately after a workout, people tend to report feeling better emotionally, and their performance on tests of working memory and other cognitive functions improves.(锻炼后，人们通常会说情绪变好，工作记忆和其他认知功能测试的表现也会提升。)”可知，本段讲述体育锻炼对大脑的益处，C选项“Physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your brain.(体育活动是你能为大脑做的最好的事情之一。)”能概括本段主题，适合作本段主题句。故选C项。 考向2 考查例证关系 1.（2026·北京东城·二模）Picture a table surrounded by curious minds, each desiring to uncover the mysteries of the universe, as they start a journey of intellectual exploration through the art of challenging questions. The scene summarizes the essence of intellectual questions. Intellectual questions are not just surface-level inquiries. They’re the kind of questions that make you frown, scratch your head, and maybe even lose a little sleep. 2 For instance, as AI systems become increasingly complex, we’re forced to deal with some pretty mind-bending questions, like “Will AI ever achieve true consciousness?” or “Could it one day surpass human intelligence?” Environmental sustainability presents another set of urgent scientific questions: “How can we balance economic growth with environmental protection? Could we engineer our way out of a climate disaster?” Similarly, space exploration has fascinated humans for centuries. A．Intellectual questions arise accordingly. B．It’s like going to the gym, but for your brain. C．Intellectual questions are not just surface-level inquiries. D．Moreover, raising big questions drives innovation and progress. E．In a world full of challenges, they are more important than ever. F．As we explore further, the questions touch on the very fabric of our society. G．The questions that unlock deep insights and meaningful connections lie in every corner. 【答案】G 【解析】 根据后文“For instance, as AI systems become increasingly complex, we’re forced to deal with some pretty mind-bending questions, like “Will AI ever achieve true consciousness?” or “Could it one day surpass human intelligence?” Environmental sustainability presents another set of urgent scientific questions: “How can we balance economic growth with environmental protection? Could we engineer our way out of a climate disaster?”(例如，随着人工智能系统变得愈发复杂，我们不得不面对一些十分烧脑的问题，比如“人工智能能否真正产生意识？”或是“未来它是否会超越人类智力？”环境可持续发展也引出了另一系列亟待解答的科学问题：“我们该如何平衡经济发展与环境保护？我们能否依靠科技手段化解气候灾难？”)”可知后文举例多个领域都存在深度思辨问题；故推知：空处作为段落总起句，应引出富有深度、有价值的思辨问题遍布各个领域，统领下文举例内容；选项G“The questions that unlock deep insights and meaningful connections lie in every corner.(能够启发深刻见解、建立深层关联的问题存在于各个角落。)”符合原文内容。 2.（2026·北京西城·一模） The results are remarkable. Children who engage more with the arts have a reduced risk of developing problems like depression later in life. Adults who participate more frequently in the arts and visit cultural venues are happier and feel more satisfied with their lives over the years and decades that follow 4 Kindergarteners who engage in music activities have increased prosocial skills as they head into primary school. Teenagers who are involved in bands, dance and editing school newspapers are less likely to get involved in antisocial behaviors or crime. A．The benefits aren’t just psychological either. B．Regular arts engagement goes beyond boosting physical health. C．But there is one piece of advice I bet you have never been given. D．Many of these studies contain buried questions on arts engagement. E．Arts can be inaccessible to people because of cost and other reasons. F．Crafts, singing, theatre and writing are good for us as part of our daily lives. G．Programs being developed around the world are starting to integrate the arts into healthcare. 【答案】A 【解析】 根据下文“Kindergarteners who engage in music activities have increased prosocial skills as they head into primary school. Teenagers who are involved in bands, dance and editing school newspapers are less likely to get involved in antisocial behaviors or crime.(参与音乐活动的幼儿园儿童在进入小学时亲社会技能有所提高。参与乐队、舞蹈和编辑校报的青少年不太可能参与反社会行为或犯罪。)”可知，此处提到了艺术参与对儿童心理和行为方面的益处，A选项“The benefits aren’t just psychological either.(这些益处不仅仅是心理上的。)”中的“psychological”总结上文（抑郁、幸福感、生活满意度），并用“aren’t just”自然引出下文的社会行为益处（亲社会技能、减少反社会行为），起到了承上启下作用。 考点二 段中设空 知●识●解●构 知识点 常见逻辑关系 1.转折逻辑：前后语义相反，标志词 but/yet/however/instead； 2.递进逻辑：语义加深、范围扩大，标志词 also/besides/moreover/furthermore/not just...either； 3.例证逻辑：前文抽象观点，后文具体例子，标志 for example/such as/for instance； 4.因果逻辑：前因后果 / 前果后因，标志 so/therefore/this leads to/as a result/because。 得分速记 段中空白看连词，转折相反递进深； 举例匹配抽象观点，因果分清谁在前。 易错提醒 易错 1：只看单词不看逻辑。选项出现原文相同名词，但前后语义转折却选正向递进句； 易错 2：递进与因果混淆。看到 also 直接选，忽略上下文存在因果关系； 易错 3：忽略指代。段中空选项代词 this/that/these 必须在上一句找到对应名词。 考●向●破●译 考向一 转折逻辑 1.（2026·北京西城·一模）Cut your sugar, get some exercise, eat your vegetables, sleep well. Every day, we are surrounded by information about how to live longer, healthier, happier lives. 1 It is to engage in the arts. Over the past few decades, evidence has been increasing to suggest that being more creative works wonders for our health. Programs being developed around the world are starting to integrate the arts into healthcare. And the results are astonishing, from music in surgery reducing the amount of painkillers and anti-anxiety medicines needed, to dance programs helping people with Parkinson’s disease to walk. A．The benefits aren’t just psychological either. B．Regular arts engagement goes beyond boosting physical health. C．But there is one piece of advice I bet you have never been given. D．Many of these studies contain buried questions on arts engagement. E．Arts can be inaccessible to people because of cost and other reasons. F．Crafts, singing, theatre and writing are good for us as part of our daily lives. G．Programs being developed around the world are starting to integrate the arts into healthcare. 【答案】C 【解析】 根据上文“Cut your sugar, get some exercise, eat your vegetables, sleep well. Every day, we are surrounded by information about how to live longer, healthier, happier lives. (少吃糖、多运动、吃蔬菜、睡好觉。每天，我们都被如何活得更长久、更健康、更幸福的信息所包围。)”可知，这是在列举常见的生活建议。再结合下文“It is to engage in the arts. (那就是参与艺术活动。)” 可知，下文“It”指代一种建议，因此空处应引出一种与众不同的建议，与上文的常见建议形成对比。C选项“But there is one piece of advice I bet you have never been given. (但我打赌有一条建议你从未得到过。)” 以“But”转折，引出下文不常见的建议“参与艺术活动”，其中“one piece of advice”与下文的“It”指代一致，符合语境。 2.（2026·北京顺义·二模） Researchers analyzed 16,000 yearbook photographs of students from kindergarten to college. Children showed no significant difference in smiling until age eight or nine. Then the gap started to widen with girls smiling much more than boys. The difference peaked by age 14 and continued into adulthood. We may see such results because as children grow older, they become more aware of societal expectations related to gender roles. 2 People may also internalize gender roles portrayed in film and media, where smiling is seen as more common for women and seriousness for men. A．Smiling girls are considered more pleasant and friendly. B．Children ought to know that it is okay to feel sad, upset and angry. C．These expectations could come from teachers, parents or peer groups. D．They can also have lasting negative effects on children’s sense of self. E．Then the gap started to widen with girls smiling much more than boys. F．It is widely believed that girls are better than boys managing their emotions. G．Parents might encourage emotional expression in girls but discourage it in boys. 【答案】C 【解析】 前文“We may see such results because as children grow older, they become more aware of societal expectations related to gender roles.(我们之所以会看到这样的结果，是因为随着孩子年龄的增长，他们会对与性别角色相关的社会期望有更清晰的认识。)”表明随着孩子长大，他们更意识到与性别角色相关的社会期望。后文“People may also internalize gender roles portrayed in film and media, where smiling is seen as more common for women and seriousness for men.(人们也可能会将电影和媒体中所呈现的性别角色内化，比如在这些作品中，微笑被认为是女性更常见的表情，而严肃则是男性的特征。)”提到人们也可能内化电影和媒体中描绘的性别角色，在电影和媒体中微笑被认为在女性中更常见，严肃在男性中更常见。空处应进一步说明这些社会期望的来源，C选项“These expectations could come from teachers, parents or peer groups.(这些期望可能来自老师、家长或同龄群体。)”符合语境，解释了社会期望的来源，与后文电影和媒体呼应。 策略归纳 抓住转折信号词（however、but、yet、nevertheless等），选项需与前文语义形成对比或补充，重点关注“前文观点→转折后的不同/补充观点”的逻辑转换。 考向二 递进逻辑 （2026·北京东城·二模） Asking intellectual questions isn’t just a way to sound smart at dinner parties. When we engage with intellectual questions, we’re developing critical thinking skills, enhancing our ability to analyze complex issues, and broadening our understanding of the world. It’s like going to the gym, but for your brain. And the benefits go beyond personal development. Engaging in intellectual questions can promote understanding. When we struggle with difficult questions together, we learn to appreciate different viewpoints, to challenge our own assumptions, and to find common ground even in disagreement. 65 Didn’t many of the world’s greatest discoveries and inventions start with someone asking “What if?” or “Why not?” A．Intellectual questions arise accordingly. B．It’s like going to the gym, but for your brain. C．Intellectual questions are not just surface-level inquiries. D．Moreover, raising big questions drives innovation and progress. E．In a world full of challenges, they are more important than ever. F．As we explore further, the questions touch on the very fabric of our society. G．The questions that unlock deep insights and meaningful connections lie in every corner. 【答案】D 【解析】 根据前文“When we struggle with difficult questions together, we learn to appreciate different viewpoints, to challenge our own assumptions, and to find common ground even in disagreement.(当我们一同钻研难题时，我们学会欣赏不同观点，质疑自身固有想法，即便存在分歧也能找到共识。)”以及空后一句“Didn’t many of the world’s greatest discoveries and inventions start with someone asking “What if?” or “Why not?”?(世界上许多伟大的发现和发明，不都是始于有人提出 “假如会怎样？”“为何不试试？” 这类问题吗？)”可知，空前讲述思辨问题促进人与人之间的理解包容，空后关联到人类发明创造；故推知：空处递进说明提出深刻问题能推动创新与社会进步，衔接前后逻辑；选项D“Moreover, raising big questions drives innovation and progress.(此外，提出重大问题能推动创新与进步。)”符合原文内容。 策略归纳 通过递进信号词（also、furthermore、besides、in addition等）判断，选项需在前文基础上延伸语义（如增加新观点、补充更多细节），形成“基础观点→递进观点”的逻辑。 考向三 例证关系 1.（2026·北京石景山·一模） Understand why you reach for your phone. 23 Maybe you are afraid of missing out on news from friends, or maybe you are putting off thinking about homework. Once you name the true reason, you can look for healthier ways to deal with it, such as talking to someone you trust. A．You don’t have to let late-night scrolling control your life. B．Without strict requirements, you may stay up all night long. C．Of course, you shouldn’t completely give up smartphones to sleep well. D．Set a clear “screen-off” time, such as 30 minutes before you plan to sleep. E．Over time, this late-night scrolling quietly steals both your rest and your energy. F．Ask yourself what you are really looking for when you keep refreshing the screen. G．Focusing on these pleasant moments gently moves your attention away from the screen. 【答案】 F 【解析】 空格前“Understand why you reach for your phone.(弄清楚你为什么要拿起手机)”提出要找到熬夜刷手机的原因。空格后“Maybe you are afraid of missing out on news from friends, or maybe you are putting off thinking about homework.(也许你害怕错过朋友的消息，也许你在回避思考作业)”给出了两种可能的原因。F选项“Ask yourself what you are really looking for when you keep refreshing the screen.(问问自己，当你不断刷新屏幕时，你真正在寻找什么)”是对前文“弄清楚原因”的具体方法指导，同时能自然引出后文的原因举例，符合段落逻辑。故选F项。 2.（2026·北京丰台·二模） Most people experience a natural dip in alertness in the early afternoon, typically between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. Our internal body clock creates cycles of wakefulness and tiredness throughout the day. The early afternoon lull is part of this cycle, which is why so many people feel drowsy at that time. Studies suggest that a short nap allows the brain to rest without slipping into deep sleep. But there’s a catch. 48 This is due to “sleep inertia” — the grogginess (昏沉) and disorientation that comes from waking up during deeper sleep stages. Once a nap extends beyond 30 minutes, the brain transitions into slow-wave sleep, making it much harder to wake up. A．Despite the benefits, napping isn’t for everyone. B．Waking from deep sleep leaves you feeling tired for up to an hour. C．Napping too long may result in waking up feeling worse than before. D．Relying on naps instead of improving nighttime sleep is a short-term fix. E．That midday nap which felt so refreshing at the time might be the reason. F．Shift workers often struggle with broken sleep due to irregular schedules. G．The key lies in understanding how the body regulates sleep and wakefulness. 【答案】C 【解析】 根据上文“Most people experience a natural dip in alertness in the early afternoon, typically between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. Our internal body clock creates cycles of wakefulness and tiredness throughout the day. The early afternoon lull is part of this cycle, which is why so many people feel drowsy at that time. Studies suggest that a short nap allows the brain to rest without slipping into deep sleep. But there’s a catch.(大多数人在下午早些时候会自然地感到精神不振，通常是在下午1点到4点之间。我们的体内生物钟会控制着一天中的清醒与疲倦的周期变化。下午早些时候的困倦状态就是这个周期的一部分，这就是为什么很多人在这个时候会感到昏昏欲睡的原因。研究表明，短暂的小睡能让大脑得到休息，同时又不会进入深度睡眠状态。但也有一个需要注意的地方)”以及后文“This is due to “sleep inertia”—the grogginess (昏沉) and disorientation that comes from waking up during deeper sleep stages. Once a nap extends beyond 30 minutes, the brain transitions into slow-wave sleep, making it much harder to wake up.(这是由于“睡眠惯性”所致——即在深度睡眠阶段醒来时所出现的昏昏沉沉和方向迷失的感觉。一旦小睡时间超过30分钟，大脑就会进入慢波睡眠状态，从而使得醒来变得更加困难)”可知，第三段提到短睡有益但存在缺陷，C选项“睡眠时间过长可能会导致醒来时感觉比之前更糟糕”说明小睡过久的负面影响，引出下文对该现象的原因（睡眠惯性）的解释，符合语境。 策略归纳 例证题需满足“主题句→例证”或“例证→主题句”的结构，选项需是对前文主题的具体说明或后文主题的铺垫，关注“for example、for instance、such as”等信号词。 考向四 因果逻辑 1.（2026·北京昌平·二模） To be sure, this is different from planning and preparing. When you dread, you think about the upcoming event. You worry. You find it distracting. You may have physiological symptoms. What you don’t do is plan, prepare, and get on with your life. 52 In fact, it is easy to feel like you are putting a lot of effort into it without actually putting yourself in a better position. That is dreading ahead. A．You might as well put yourself in the best possible position. B．You likely recognize that you have engaged in anticipatory dread. C．If you are doing the latter. recognize that it is OK to feel your feelings. D．First of all, you have to recognize that dreading ahead is what you are doing. E．So, much emotional energy goes into the concern with little productive happening. F．View this as a practice involving awareness, anxiety tolerance, and the ability to shift. G．It is when the time from now until what is expected is filled with concern and distraction. 【答案】 E 【解析】 由上文“What you don’t do is plan, prepare, and get on with your life. (你所做的并不是规划、准备并继续生活)”以及下文“In fact, it is easy to feel like you are putting a lot of effort into it without actually putting yourself in a better position. (事实上，你很容易觉得自己付出了很多努力，却并没有让自己处于更好的状态)”可知，本空要说明这种担忧消耗情绪却没有成效。E选项“So, much emotional energy goes into the concern with little productive happening. (因此，大量情感精力投入到担忧中，却几乎没有产生有效结果)”承上启下，符合逻辑。 2.（2026·北京大兴·三模） The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less However, psychologist Barry Schwartz introduced the idea of “the paradox of choice,” which suggests that too many choices can actually lead to stress, anxiety, and dissatisfaction. 87 They may worry about making the wrong choice or missing out on better opportunities. This mental pressure is known as “choice overload”. A．They begin to expect perfect results, and when reality falls short, they feel disappointed. B．Making wise decisions is essential for a happy and fulfilling life. C．By accepting that “good enough” is often sufficient, people can reduce stress and feel more satisfied with their decisions. D．Many people believe that having more options increases freedom and improves the quality of decisions. E．People tend to spend too much time comparing different choices. F．Too many choices also reduce satisfaction after a decision is made. G．When people are faced with too many options, they often struggle to make a decision. 【答案】G 【解析】 根据后文“They may worry about making the wrong choice or missing out on better opportunities. This mental pressure is known as “choice overload”.(他们会担心做出错误选择，或是错失更好的机会，这种心理压力被称为“选择超载”。)”可知，后文讲述了选择过多带来的心理困扰。空处应引出人们面对众多选择时的困境，选项G“When people are faced with too many options, they often struggle to make a decision.(当人们面对太多选择时，往往难以做出决定)”衔接后文内容，逻辑通顺。 策略归纳 识别因果信号词（so、therefore、hence、as a result、because、since等），重点关注“原因→结果”或“结果→原因”的语义流向，确保选项与上下文构成合理因果链。 考点三 段末设空 助记口诀 段末空，两分法；全段收尾选总结； 后文另起新话题，承上启下过渡句。 知●识●解●构 知识点1 总结句 得分速记 功能：收拢本段全部论述，提炼核心观点； 标志词：all in all/this means/thus/this strategy also/overall。 知识点2 过渡句 得分速记 功能：既总结本段，又抛出下段讨论对象； 识别：选项出现下一段核心名词、新话题关键词。 易错提醒 易错 1：混淆段末总结与段中细节。总结句需要覆盖整段，不能只概括前一句； 易错 2：过渡句只承接上文，不呼应下段。正确过渡句必须包含下一段核心词； 易错 3：主观添加无关观点，总结不能拓展原文未提及的新内容。 考●向●破●译 考向一 本段总结 1.（2026·北京通州·一模） Slow down your reading pace. Unlike many modern books, classic novels often require patience. Some were first published in parts, which meant readers had time to reflect between chapters. Instead of rushing to finish, take time to think about the themes and ideas. 8 A．Reading classic literature is not a race but a journey. B．You should read aloud at least one novel every month. C．You may want to try them but feel unsure where to begin. D．This allows you to notice details that you might otherwise miss. E．In fact, many classic works were originally meant to be shared aloud. F．Looking up historical events in the story can deepen your understanding. G．Choosing a book you are naturally curious about will make the process easier. 【答案】D 【解析】 本题在第四段段末。由上文“Instead of rushing to finish, take time to think about the themes and ideas.(不要急着读完，花时间思考主题和思想)”可知，本空要说放慢阅读的好处，D项“This allows you to notice details that you might otherwise miss.(这能让你注意到原本可能错过的细节)”能承接上文，符合题意。 2.（2026·北京房山·一模） Beyond managing internal feelings, our social connections also play a critical role. Experts think that loneliness can trigger the body’s stress response, which increases inflammation. Over time, chronic stress and inflammation can damage brain cells and the connections between them. Simply reaching out to a friend or family member for even a short call can combat loneliness and provide a powerful benefit. 29 A．You can learn a practical skill or try something artistic. B．In such moments, a good approach is to face your fears directly. C．Physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your brain. D．However, these emotional reactions will not disappear on their own. E．Developing these tried-and-true practices can help you feel sharp and focused. F．Writing down your reflections can help you recognize patterns in your thinking. G．Staying socially connected can help protect the brain from these negative effects. 【答案】G 【解析】 根据前文“Simply reaching out to a friend or family member for even a short call can combat loneliness and provide a powerful benefit.(简单地联系朋友或家人，即使是短暂的通话也能缓解孤独，带来显著益处。)”可知，前文说明社交联系的好处，此空为段尾句，总结社交对大脑的保护作用，G选项“Staying socially connected can help protect the brain from these negative effects.(保持社交联系有助于保护大脑免受这些负面影响。)”承接前文内容，符合语境。故选G项。 考向二 引出下段过渡句 1.（2026·北京顺义·一模）Organic agriculture is often thought of as green and good for nature. Conventional agriculture, in contrast, is cast as big and bad. A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. Organic output is typically 25 percent lower than conventional farming output. Switching all the world to organic would mean turning 24 percent more natural habitats into agricultural land to meet future demands, doing more harm than good to nature. A．This strategy also had environmental benefits. B．So scientists are doubling down on the middle road. C．Organic fields are an experimental ground for boosting profits. D．None of this means that people should stop buying organic produce. E．Therefore, some crops grow better than others under organic conditions. F．Yet scientists are finding that organic farming is not as green as it seems. G．Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. 【答案】F 【解析】 上文“Organic agriculture is often thought of as green and good for nature. Conventional agriculture, in contrast, is cast as big and bad. (有机农业通常被认为是绿色的，对自然有益。相比之下，传统农业被认为是庞大而糟糕的。)”说明了人们对有机农业和传统农业的普遍看法，下文“A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. (研究人员预测，全面转向有机农业将使数十亿人挨饿。)”则指出了全面转向有机农业的负面后果，空格处承上启下，F项“Yet scientists are finding that organic farming is not as green as it seems. (然而，科学家们发现有机农业并不像看上去那么环保。)”符合语境，既承接了上文对有机农业的正面看法，又引出了下文对其负面影响的讨论。故选F。 2.（2026·北京东城·一模） As centuries unfolded, the instruments of observation multiplied: microscopes, cameras, telescopes, sensors, and finally, algorithms. Each revealed a new layer of reality — the infinitesimal cell, the atom, the DNA helix, the universe. The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy. To see was to know; To measure was to exist. Observation drew the outlines of science, yet it also defined our sense of self, for every discovery beyond the human scale reminded us how small we are. 3 The internet made observers of everyone, yet it also made us observable. The gaze (注视) turned inward and outward at once: we became data points, recording and being recorded in the same instant. The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing. The system extends from the depths of space to the finest details of a face. A．Seeing is no longer believing. B．We no longer merely looked — we searched. C．The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy. D．The ultimate horizon of observation is out there among the stars. E．The 20th century transformed the act of looking into a networked activity. F．Observation, once an act of curiosity, has become continuous, all-around, and autonomous. G．The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing. 【答案】E 【解析】 下文“The internet made observers of everyone, yet it also made us observable.(互联网让每个人都成为观察者，但也让我们变得可被观察)”描述了互联网时代观察的双向性——人人既在观察也在被观察，这体现了观察的网络化特征，E选项“The 20th century transformed the act of looking into a networked activity.(20世纪将观察行为转变为一种网络化活动)”准确概括了本段主旨，指出观察在20世纪演变为网络化活动，与下文描述的互联网时代观察方式相呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 考点四 词汇线索 助记口诀 代词往前找指代，找不到就直接弃； 同义同根高频词，选项匹配是正解。 知●识●解●构 知识点1 代词指代 得分速记 常见代词：it/this/that/these/those/they/such； 解题规则：识别指代词（it、they、this、that、these、those等），明确指代对象（前文提到的人、事、物或观点），确保选项与指代对象语义一致，衔接自然。 易错提醒 知识点2 词汇复现 得分速记 同义复现：同一含义不同单词（healthy=well-being；anxiety=worries）； 同根词复现：art /artistic；observe /observation；relax /relaxation； 原词复现：全文反复出现核心名词（earthing、spaced repetition、doomscrolling）。 易错提醒 易错 1：代词跨段指代无依据。段中空代词只能指代本段上一句，极少跨段； 易错 2：被原词陷阱误导。选项有原文原词，但逻辑矛盾，依然是干扰项； 易错 3：混淆单复数指代。上文单数名词，选项用 they 复数，直接排除。 考●向●破●译 考向一 代词指代前文 1.（2026·北京西城·一模） But the arts aren’t just there for us when we are sick. As a public health scientist. I spend my days looking at data from studies — massive datasets that contain thousands of individuals who have completed questionnaires, had nurse interviews, donated blood samples and undergone brain imaging every few years of their lives. 3 Using complex statistical methods, we can look at the long-term relationship between everyday arts engagement and dozens of health outcomes. A．The benefits aren’t just psychological either. B．Regular arts engagement goes beyond boosting physical health. C．But there is one piece of advice I bet you have never been given. D．Many of these studies contain buried questions on arts engagement. E．Arts can be inaccessible to people because of cost and other reasons. F．Crafts, singing, theatre and writing are good for us as part of our daily lives. G．Programs being developed around the world are starting to integrate the arts into healthcare. 【答案】D 【解析】 根据上文“As a public health scientist. I spend my days looking at data from studies — massive datasets that contain thousands of individuals who have completed questionnaires, had nurse interviews, donated blood samples and undergone brain imaging every few years of their lives. (作为一名公共卫生科学家，我每天研究来自大量研究的数据集，其中包含数千名个体，他们每隔几年完成问卷、接受护士访谈、捐献血液样本并进行脑成像。)” 可知，这些研究数据集内容广泛。再根据下文“Using complex statistical methods, we can look at the long-term relationship between everyday arts engagement and dozens of health outcomes.(使用复杂的统计方法，我们可以研究日常艺术参与与数十种健康结果之间的长期关系。)”可知， 此处开始讨论“arts engagement”与健康的关系，因此空处应能建立起“庞大研究数据”与“艺术参与”之间的联系。D选项“Many of these studies contain buried questions on arts engagement.( 其中许多研究都包含了关于艺术参与的隐含问题。)”完美地起到了这个桥梁作用，说明这些庞大的数据集中也包含了关于艺术参与的信息，从而使得下文研究两者的长期关系成为可能，符合语境。 2.（2026·北京大兴·三模） The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less Furthermore, too many choices can make people set unreasonably high standards. 89 In contrast, having fewer choices allows people to make decisions more easily and feel more confident about their final choice. A．They begin to expect perfect results, and when reality falls short, they feel disappointed. B．Making wise decisions is essential for a happy and fulfilling life. C．By accepting that “good enough” is often sufficient, people can reduce stress and feel more satisfied with their decisions. D．Many people believe that having more options increases freedom and improves the quality of decisions. E．People tend to spend too much time comparing different choices. F．Too many choices also reduce satisfaction after a decision is made. G．When people are faced with too many options, they often struggle to make a decision. 【答案】A 【解析】 根据前文“Furthermore, too many choices can make people set unreasonably high standards.(此外，过多的选择会让人们设立不切实际的高标准。)”可知，前文提到人们会定下过高标准，空处需要承接这一内容，说明高标准带来的结果。选项A“They begin to expect perfect results, and when reality falls short, they feel disappointed.(他们开始期待完美的结果，当现实不尽如人意时，就会感到失望)”承接前文，逻辑连贯。 考向二 同义/同根词复现 1.（2026·北京海淀·一模） Communication that leads to real human connection involves active listening and empathy. Active listening includes eye contact as well as verbal and non-verbal acknowledgments that you are listening. 17 Empathy involves reflection, validation and a genuine concern for how others are feeling. This combination of active listening and empathy  —  empathetic listening — can improve relationships of all kinds. A．Shifting the topic might bring comfort to the speaker. B．These include nodding, confirming, and clarifying questions. C．Just be empathetic and you’ll have thought-provoking conversations. D．It’s simply listening, withholding judgment, and emotionally connecting. E．Everyone wants to feel understood for speaking their thoughts and feelings. F．The listener may want to shut down the conversation and move to a safer space. G．You might even expect the other person to completely tune into what you are saying. 【答案】B 【解析】 根据上文“Active listening includes eye contact as well as verbal and non-verbal acknowledgments that you are listening.(积极倾听包括眼神交流，以及表明你在倾听的语言和非语言反馈。)”可知，前文介绍积极倾听的表现，空处需要具体举例说明。B选项(这些包括点头、确认以及提出澄清问题。)具体列举了积极倾听的行为表现，对上文进行解释说明，符合语境。故选B项。 2.（2026·北京西城·二模） Do you ever feel a little more relaxed after walking around barefoot on the grass or sand? 66 It’s a wellness practice that allows people to directly connect their bodies with the Earth and use its natural electric charges to stabilize them. A．Earthing, like other forms of treatment, isn’t a quick fix. B．That’s the idea behind earthing, also known as grounding. C．When going outside is not an option, just ground yourself indoors. D．Be observant of yourself and your surroundings and stay in the moment. E．Experts suggest 30 minutes is enough time to begin enjoying the benefits. F．These methods include taking a walk on grass, across the sand or in the mud. G．Research shows a connection between earthing and measurable improvements in these health issues. 【答案】B 【解析】 根据前文“Do you ever feel a little more relaxed after walking around barefoot on the grass or sand?(你赤脚在草地或沙滩上散步后，会不会感觉稍微放松一些？)” 以及空后一句“It’s a wellness practice that allows people to directly connect their bodies with the Earth and use its natural electric charges to stabilize them.(这是一种健康养生方式，能让人体与地球直接相连，并利用地球自然电荷稳定身体状态。)”可知，前文提出赤脚行走放松的问题，后文解释这种养生方式，空处需要引出接地疗法这一概念；选项B“That’s the idea behind earthing, also known as grounding.(这就是接地疗法背后的理念，也被称为大地接地养生法。)” 衔接前后语境，符合逻辑。 考点五 句式平行 助记口诀 方法文，祈使排；句式一致优先选； 前文问句找答句，后文回答寻问句。 知●识●解●构 知识点1 祈使句排比 得分速记 特征：全篇大量动词原形开头句子（Pick.../ Consider.../ Slow down.../ Do some research...），选项句式与前后句保持一致。 易错提醒 知识点2 问答匹配 得分速记 特征：上文提出问句，下文给出回答；或选项为问句，后文对应解释答案，“有答必有问，有问必有答”。 易错提醒 易错 1：句式不匹配强行选择。前后全是祈使句，选项为陈述句，大概率错误； 易错 2：问答逻辑错位。上文问原因，选项却讲方法，逻辑不匹配直接排除； 易错 3：忽略排比并列逻辑，只看单词忽略句式结构。 考●向●破●译 考向一 方法类文章 1.（2026·北京通州·一模）Classic literature holds timeless wisdom and fascinating stories. Yet for many students, reading classics can feel challenging or even boring at first. ... Don’t worry! Here are some practical ways to get started. Pick the right book. We all have our own preferences when it comes to modern novels, so the same should apply to classic works. Think about the genres you enjoy most — romance, adventure, mystery or historical fiction — and begin with a story that matches your interests. Consider listening to an audiobook. Hearing a story read aloud can bring it to life in a new way. 7 A skilled narrator can help you understand the emotions of the characters and the atmosphere of the time. This method is especially helpful if you find the language difficult at first. Slow down your reading pace. Unlike many modern books, classic novels often require patience. Some were first published in parts, which meant readers had time to reflect between chapters. Instead of rushing to finish, take time to think about the themes and ideas. ... Do some background research when necessary. One difficulty in reading classics is the gap between the author’s time and our own. ... You may also keep a small list of unfamiliar words or note down characters to avoid confusion. Such preparation can make the story clearer and more rewarding. A．Reading classic literature is not a race but a journey. B．You should read aloud at least one novel every month. C．You may want to try them but feel unsure where to begin. D．This allows you to notice details that you might otherwise miss. E．In fact, many classic works were originally meant to be shared aloud. F．Looking up historical events in the story can deepen your understanding. G．Choosing a book you are naturally curious about will make the process easier. 【答案】E 【解析】 本题在第三段段中。由上文“Consider listening to an audiobook.(考虑听有声书)”以及下文“A skilled narrator can help you understand the emotions of the characters and the atmosphere of the time.(一位技艺娴熟的讲述者能够帮助你理解角色的情感以及当时的氛围)”可知，本空要说经典适合被大声朗读，E项“In fact, many classic works were originally meant to be shared aloud.(事实上，许多经典作品最初就是为大声分享而创作的)”能承上启下，符合题意。 2.（2026·北京石景山·一模）Many teenagers promise themselves they’ll go to sleep early, yet still stay up scrolling (浏览) their phones in the dark. As minutes turn into an hour, messages, short videos and games keep their brains awake. ... Blue light from the screen slows the release of sleep hormones (荷尔蒙), and worries from social media can follow you into your dreams. The habit can be changed with a few simple steps. Build a phone-free wind-down time. Avoid lying in bed with your phone beside you. 2 After that, you might read a paper book, write in a diary, or simply listen to soft music. Keeping your hands busy with offline activities makes it easier to forget about checking your phone again. Understand why you reach for your phone. ... Maybe you are afraid of missing out on news from friends, or maybe you are putting off thinking about homework. Once you name the true reason, you can look for healthier ways to deal with it, such as talking to someone you trust. Make nights something to look forward to. Plan a small treat, like enjoying a cup of warm milk or doing a short relaxation exercise. You could also keep a grateful list and add three good things that happened that day. ... When your brain connects bedtime with comfort instead of stress, the pull of the phone grows weaker. A．You don’t have to let late-night scrolling control your life. B．Without strict requirements, you may stay up all night long. C．Of course, you shouldn’t completely give up smartphones to sleep well. D．Set a clear “screen-off” time, such as 30 minutes before you plan to sleep. E．Over time, this late-night scrolling quietly steals both your rest and your energy. F．Ask yourself what you are really looking for when you keep refreshing the screen. G．Focusing on these pleasant moments gently moves your attention away from the screen. 【答案】D 【解析】 空格前“Build a phone-free wind-down time. Avoid lying in bed with your phone beside you.(建立一个无手机的放松时间。避免躺在床上时把手机放在身边)”提出要在睡前远离手机的建议。空格后“After that, you might read a paper book, write in a diary, or simply listen to soft music.(在那之后，你可以读一本纸质书、写日记，或者只是听轻柔的音乐)”给出了睡前无手机时间的具体活动。D选项“Set a clear “screen-off” time, such as 30 minutes before you plan to sleep.(设定一个明确的“屏幕关闭”时间，比如计划睡觉前30分钟)”中的““screen-off” time”正好呼应了前文的“phone-free wind-down time”，同时为后文的“After that”提供了明确的时间节点，让建议更具可操作性。故选D项。 考向二 有答必有问 （2026·北京海淀·一模）How many times do you find yourself in a conversation with someone, waiting for the other person to stop talking so you can say what you want to say? 16 This common experience shows a lack of active listening, because you are only thinking about how you want to respond. A．Shifting the topic might bring comfort to the speaker. B．These include nodding, confirming, and clarifying questions. C．Just be empathetic and you’ll have thought-provoking conversations. D．It’s simply listening, withholding judgment, and emotionally connecting. E．Everyone wants to feel understood for speaking their thoughts and feelings. F．The listener may want to shut down the conversation and move to a safer space. G．You might even expect the other person to completely tune into what you are saying. 【答案】G 【解析】 根据上文“How many times do you find yourself in a conversation with someone, waiting for the other person to stop talking so you can say what you want to say?(你有多少次在和别人交谈时，等着对方停下，好让你说出自己想说的话？)”可知，前文描述了一种常见的无效沟通场景，说明自己想说话，希望对方听，空处需要进一步补充这种心态。G选项(你甚至可能期待对方完全专注倾听你要说的内容。)承接上文的内心想法，与后文“只想着如何回应”形成呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 议论文 1.（2026·北京·高考真题） Most of us have experienced both how good it can feel and how hard it can be to do the right thing. Helping strangers can leave you with a deep sense of satisfaction, but you’ve likely also felt the stress of showing up for others when you’re already stretched thin. These ordinary moments speak to a philosophical puzzle: Are moral people happier? 1 Others might reason that moral behavior often requires self-sacrifice. 2 Past studies clearly show that people feel good when they perform acts of kindness for others. But researchers had not directly examined if moral character, broadly speaking, is linked to well-being. So my team conducted a set of studies to take this challenge seriously. In one of our studies, undergraduate students reported on their own well-being, rating their happiness as well as their sense of how meaningful their life is. 3 Then these close others, such as friends and family members, rated the participant’s moral character using our questionnaire (调查问卷), which asked how much that person had the various characteristics identified as most morally relevant. 4 Doing the right thing isn’t always easy. 110 But our findings indicate that, in general, there’s no trade-off between morality and well-being. Instead, people with stronger moral character tend to experience greater meaning in life and happiness. This suggests that moments of moral effort may be part of a life that, taken as a whole, feels more satisfying. A．Until recently, scientific evidence had been limited to one aspect of morality: kindness. B．Despite various debates, there’s no agreement on what it means to be morally good. C．Standing up for someone who is being treated unfairly can feel uncomfortable. D．Some might assume morality and happiness naturally go together. E．They also gave us contact information for people who know them. F．We found that those rated as more moral reported a stronger sense of well-being. G．This might be in part because of the difficulties of defining and measuring kindness. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．F 110．C 【导语】文章围绕“品行高尚的人是否更幸福”这一话题展开，介绍相关研究过程与实验结论，论证道德品质与幸福感总体并不冲突，品德越高的人往往幸福感更强。 【解析】 1．由上文“These ordinary moments speak to a philosophical puzzle: Are moral people happier?(这些日常小事引出了一个哲学难题：品德高尚的人会更幸福吗？)”以及下文“Others might reason that moral behavior often requires self-sacrifice(另一些人可能认为道德行为往往需要自我牺牲。)”可知，前后为Some... Others... 结构，分别介绍人们对于道德和幸福关系的两种截然不同看法。D选项“Some might assume morality and happiness naturally go together.(有些人会认为道德与幸福本就相伴相生。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中“morality and happiness”呼应上文“Are moral people happier”，“Some”与下文“Others”构成逻辑呼应。 2．由下文“Past studies clearly show that people feel good when they perform acts of kindness for others. But researchers had not directly examined if moral character, broadly speaking, is linked to well-being.(以往研究明确表明人们对他人行善时心情愉悦。但研究人员此前并未大范围直接研究道德品质是否与幸福感存在关联。)”可知，本段介绍以往研究的局限性。A选项“Until recently, scientific evidence had been limited to one aspect of morality: kindness.(直到近期，科学证据仅局限于道德的一个层面：善意善行。)”能引出旧研究的短板，承接下文内容，该选项中“Until recently”与下文“Past studies”形成呼应，“kindness”与下文“acts of kindness”相呼应。 3．由上文“In one of our studies, undergraduate students reported on their own well-being, rating their happiness as well as their sense of how meaningful their life is. (在其中一项研究中，本科生们反馈了自身的幸福状态，给自己的快乐程度以及人生意义感打分。)”以及下文“Then these close others, such as friends and family members, rated the participant’s moral character using our questionnaire (调查问卷), which asked how much that person had the various characteristics identified as most morally relevant.(随后，他们的亲友等亲近之人，通过我们设计的问卷评价受试者的道德品行；问卷会考察这个人具备多少公认的、与道德高度相关的各项特质。)”可知，空格内容是衔接受试者本人填写信息、亲友评价的过渡环节。E选项“They also gave us contact information for people who know them.(他们还向我们提供了熟人的联系方式。)”能承上启下，该选项中“They”指代上文“undergraduate students”，下文“these close others”对应选项中“who know them”，符合题意。 4．由上文“In one of our studies, undergraduate students reported on their own well-being, rating their happiness as well as their sense of how meaningful their life is. (在其中一项研究中，本科生们反馈了自身的幸福状态，给自己的快乐程度以及人生意义感打分。)”、“Then these close others, such as friends and family members, rated the participant’s moral character using our questionnaire (调查问卷), which asked how much that person had the various characteristics identified as most morally relevant.(随后，他们的亲友等亲近之人，通过我们设计的问卷评价受试者的道德品行；问卷会考察这个人具备多少公认的、与道德高度相关的各项特质。)”可知，前文完整描述实验流程：学生自评幸福感→提供亲友联系方式→亲友评价道德品行。F选项“We found that those rated as more moral reported a stronger sense of well-being.(我们发现被评价为道德感更强的受试者，幸福感也更高。)”能总结本次实验结果，收束本段实验内容，该选项中“a stronger sense of well-being”与上文“reported on their own well-being”形成呼应。 110．由上文“Doing the right thing isn’t always easy.(坚守正确的事往往并不轻松。)”以及下文“But our findings indicate that, in general, there’s no trade-off between morality and well-being.(但我们的发现表明道德与幸福感总体不存在取舍矛盾。)”可知，空格处举例说明行善过程的艰难，与下文形成转折。C选项“Standing up for someone who is being treated unfairly can feel uncomfortable.(为遭受不公的人挺身而出，过程可能令人煎熬。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中“Standing up for someone”与上文“Doing the right thing”相呼应，“isn’t always easy”与下文But转折逻辑契合。 2.（2025·北京·高考真题） What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 1 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 2 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 3 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 4 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 115 A．It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B．They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C．It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D．In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E．They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F．You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G．When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．D 4．C 115．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。 【解析】 1．由上文“As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. (正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. (当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。 2．由上文“But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. (但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. (如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. (它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 3．由上文“Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. (Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，“做得好”就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. (换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。 4．由上文“So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. (所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. (它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。 115．由上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. (虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. (支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。 题组二 说明文 （2024·北京·高考真题）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 1 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 2 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 3 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 4 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 120 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A．In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B．They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C．Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D．But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E．However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F．When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G．They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．D 4．F 120．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 【解析】 1．根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 2．根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 3．根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。 4．根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 120．根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $