第23讲 动词的非谓语形式（复习讲义）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦动词非谓语形式高考核心考点，涵盖to do、doing、done及其时态语态变体，按“命题透视-思维建模-考点精讲-真题溯源”系统架构知识，通过考点梳理、四步解题范式指导、近六年北京卷真题训练，帮助学生突破谓语非谓语区分、逻辑主语判断等难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料以高度语境化语篇为载体，创新设计“考向破译”分层练习和书面表达易错合集，通过语法填空四步解题流程培养学生思维品质，借助独立主格、从句省略等难点突破策略提升学习能力，可帮助学生高效掌握非谓语用法，为教师把控复习节奏提供精准教学支持。

第23讲 动词的非谓语形式 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 不定式 to do 知识解构 知识点 1 to do 基础用法 知识点 2 to do 时态语态变体 考向破译 考点二 doing（动名词 + 现在分词） 知识解构 知识点 1 动名词（名词属性） 知识点 2 现在分词（形 / 副属性） 知识点 3 doing 时态语态变体 考向破译 考点三 done 过去分词 知识解构 知识点 1 done 核心用法 知识点 2 状语从句省略规则 考向破译 考点四 特殊难点结构 知识解构 知识点 1 独立主格 知识点 2 to do/doing 语义差异动词搭配 考向破译 考点五 谓语与非谓语区分总规则 知识解构 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 北京卷近六年考情汇总（语法填空非谓语融合逻辑主语、主被动、时间层级考查） 非谓语核心类别 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 to do（不定式） to stimulate ------ to rest to address/ to harm to arrest to rest doing（现在分词 / 动名词） waiting travelling knocking facing ------ resulting done（过去分词） named scared asked seen supported caused 考情分析 题型与考向：无非谓语单独单选题，全部嵌入语法填空（提示词为动词）；谓语、非谓语判定是动词类第一分水岭；阅读七选五依靠非谓语拆分长难句；完形填空借助非谓语判断动作逻辑；书面表达是非谓语提分点，同时也是高频失分点。 命题特点 ①高度语境化，依托完整语篇，不孤立单句设空；先判断句内已有谓语动词，依靠 “一谓一连” 规则区分谓语 / 非谓语； ②复合考查逻辑：先辨谓语非谓语→锁定逻辑主语→判断主被动关系→区分动作先后与时态变体； ③命题梯度：基础 to do/doing/done 考查频次最高；having done/being done/to be done 变体为中档难点；独立主格、状语从句省略为拉分考点； ④规避生僻冷僻结构，聚焦课标三大类非谓语；高频设置陷阱：双谓语错误、did 谓语与 done 非谓语混淆、介词后误用 to do、悬垂分词逻辑主语不匹配。 各题型考查落点 语法填空（核心阵地）：提示词为动词，四步解题：辨谓语非谓语→找逻辑主语→判主被动→确定非谓语形式； 阅读理解 / 七选五：识别非谓语作定语、状语，剥离修饰成分，快速抓取句子主干； 完形填空：利用非谓语主动 / 被动逻辑，排除动词干扰选项； 书面表达（提分 + 重灾区）：双谓语连用无连词；介词 to 分不清介词 / 不定式符号；目的状语错用 doing；悬垂分词；独立主格额外添加 and/so 连词，大幅降低作文语言档次。 复习目标 ①吃透 to do /doing/done 三大基础形式及对应时态语态变体； ②精准区分易混结构：did（谓语过去式）vs done（非谓语）；be done（谓语被动）vs to be done/being done（非谓语被动）；done vs being done； ③掌握语法填空标准化四步解题流程，精准定位句子逻辑主语； ④熟记特殊动词搭配、独立主格、从句省略规则，规避写作典型失分错误。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 不定式 to do 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 to do 基本用法 核心含义：目的、将来、有待实现的动作、具体某次动作 1. 作状语：句首 / 句末表目的 例句：To protect cultural heritage, we carried out a series of activities.为了保护文化遗产，我们开展了一系列活动。 2. 作定语：表将来，有待完成 例句：We have lots of tasks to finish.我们还有很多任务要做。 3. 作宾语：want/hope/decide/refuse/promise/plan + to do 4. 作宾补：ask /encourage/allow sb to do 特殊：感官、使役动词 see /hear/make /let/have，主动句省 to；被动语态 to 必须还原。 例：He was made to apologize for his mistake.他被迫为了错误道歉。 5. 形式主语句型：It is + adj. + for /of sb to do sth。It是形式主语，to do是真正主语。 It is important for them to prepare for the rain soon.他们为了雨早做准备很重要。 知识点 2 不定式变体 ①to be done 不定式被动：将来要被做，作定语、状语 例句：The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天要开的会议很重要。 ②to have done 不定式完成式：动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。 He is said to have finished the task ahead of time. 据说他早就提前完成了任务。 考●向●破●译 1. ________(improve) our reading ability, we take part in various reading activities. 2. The volunteer wants ________(contribute) more to communityrelated work. 3. The project ________(complete) next month will bring convenience to local residents. 4. He is reported ________(finish) the research ahead of schedule. 考点二 doing 现在分词 & 动名词 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 动名词（名词属性：主语、宾语） 1. 作主语：Reading broadens our horizons. 2. 作宾语： ①介词后面一律接 doing：without, before, after, for； ⚠️高频陷阱：look forward to、be devoted to、pay attention to 中 to 是介词，后面接 doing，不是 to do。 固定句型：It is no good /no use doing sth 知识点 2 现在分词（形容词 / 副词属性：定语、状语、宾补） 1. 作定语：主动、正在进行 例句：The boy standing over there is a talented teenager.站在那的那个男孩是个天赋出众的青少年。 2. 作状语：伴随、原因、结果；逻辑主语 = 主句主语，主动关系 例句：He sat by the window, reading a magazine.坐在床边，读着报纸。 知识点 3 doing 变体 ①having done：主动完成；动作明显先于主句谓语，作状语 Having finished the homework, they went to bed.完成作业后，他们上床睡觉了。 ②being done：现在分词被动，正在被……；作定语、状语（非谓语，无谓语 be） The house being built now is intended for Children’s reading room.正在建的建筑打算做儿童阅览室。 考●向●破●译 1. Many citizens look forward to ________(visit) the newlybuilt museum. 2. _______(realize) his dream, he kept practicing day and night.（改错提示：本句不表目的，表伴随） 3. ________(finish) all his homework, he went out to do sports. 4. The building ________(repair) at present will serve as a youth activity centre. 考点三 done 过去分词 知●识●解●构 核心含义：被动、已经完成；不作谓语 1. 作定语：被动完成 例句：The book written by the famous author is popular among teenagers.由那位著名作家写的书在青少年中很流行。 2. 作状语：原因、条件、让步；逻辑主语承受动作 例句：Seen from the hilltop, the city looks amazing.从山顶看下去，城市开着很神奇。 3. 作宾补：find /get/have sth done “使某物被……” 例句：I had my bike repaired last weekend。我上周模把我的自行车修了。 得 分 助 手 从句省略规则：状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有 be 动词，可省略主语 + be，保留 doing /done。 When (he was) asked, he kept silent. → When asked, he kept silent. 考●向●破●译 1. ________(inspire) by folk art, the painter created many excellent works. 2. The report ________(publish) last year focuses on environmental protection. 3. When ________(question) about his plan, he offered practical suggestions. 4. I got my watch ________(fix) yesterday afternoon. 考点四 特殊难点结构（北京模考高频） 知●识●解●构 1. 独立主格 非谓语自带独立逻辑主语，和主句主语不一致；名词 / 代词 + doing /done；不能加 and/so 等连词。 · Weather permitting, we will go hiking.（weather 主动 permit） · The task completed, we held a celebration.（task 被动 complete） 2. 易混动词搭配（to do /doing 含义不同） · remember to do 记得要做；remember doing 记得做过 · forget to do 忘记要做；forget doing 忘记做过 · regret to do 遗憾要做；regret doing 后悔做过 · stop to do 停下来去做另一件；stop doing 停下正在做 · try to do 尽力做；try doing 尝试做 思维建模非谓语语法填空通用四步解题范式 1. 通读句子，找出已有谓语动词；依据 “谓语数量 = 连词数量 + 1”，判断空格填谓语还是非谓语；剔除 as well as/together with 插入成分。 2. 找到逻辑主语：通常为主句主语，或是被修饰的紧邻名词；独立主格找非谓语自带名词。 3. 判断逻辑主语与动词：主动→to do /doing/having done；被动→done /to be done /being done /having been done。 4. 判断时间与功能：  表目的、将来→to do /to be done；  表主动、伴随、进行→doing /having done；  表被动完成→done；表正在被→being done。 思维建模书面表达高频非谓语易错合集 1. 双谓语错误：两个谓语动词无并列连词，没有改写非谓语； 2.did（谓语过去式）与 done（非谓语过去分词）混淆； 3. 介词后误用 to do；分不清 to 是介词符号还是不定式符号； 4. 悬垂分词：逻辑主语不匹配，Seeing from the mountain,the city…❌ → Seen from the mountain✅； 5. 句首目的状语误用 doing；表目的优先 to do； 6. 独立主格错误添加 and、so 连词； 7. 混淆谓语 be done 和非谓语 to be done /being done，非谓语多余写 be； 8. 感官使役动词被动结构忘记还原 to。 一谓一连记心间，无连就用非谓语； 目的将来用 to do，主动进行 doing 随； 被动完成选 done，介词后面必 doing； 逻辑主语找准确，did done 要分清； 感官使役被动 to，独立主格不带连词。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 考点01 现在分词/动名词 1. (2026·北京·高考) The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people __13__(wait) behind us. 2.(2025·北京·高考) When 17 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 3.(2024·北京·高考) Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 4.(2021·北京·高考)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 19 (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. 考点02 过去分词 1.(2026·北京·高考) Perhaps you don’t know the term but that feeling is called Malamuta, a recently ____16__(name) emotion, which marks some of the most important moments in our life. 2.(2025·北京·高考) I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 12 (scare). 3.(2024·北京·高考) And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 4.(2023·北京·高考)When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 5.(2022·北京·高考)Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 14 (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 6.(2021·北京·高考)There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 考点03 不定式 1.(2026·北京·高考) Perhaps you don’t know the term but that feeling is called Malamuta, a recently ____16__(name) emotion, which marks some of the most important moments in our life. By mindfully seeking your opportunities ___17___(stimulate) this feeling, you will fill your life with greater meaning. 。 2. (2024·北京·高考) Taking the time 11 (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12 (self-aware). 3.(2023·北京·高考)She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 4. (2022·北京·高考)Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 5.(2021·北京·高考)The findings show a critical need 20 (invest) in disaster prevention. 考向04 语法填空中的动词综合考查 1 （2026届北京市海淀区高三期末英语试题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the early winter of southern Hubei, more than a dozen Belt and Road media representatives from different countries arrived in Chibi — an ancient city ____14____ heritage includes both the battlefield memories of the Three Kingdoms and the enduring legacy of tea. Following the historic tracks of the Tea Road, they explored the thousand-year-old relics ____15____ (preserve) from the Three Kingdoms battlefield. Through immersive experiences, they uncovered the timeless stories of Qingzhuan Tea, ____16____ (learn) how Chinese-style modernization encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people. 2 （2026届北京市朝阳区高三期末一模试题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 To Benjamin and Loic, two Frenchmen, China was a distant yet fascinating place, a name more often ____17____ (find) in headlines. In September 2023, the two friends decided to walk all the way to China, ____18____ (choose) to keep their journey low-carbon. They quit their jobs, packed only essentials and accepted that the road ahead ____19____ (last) over a year. China, which they entered after a yearlong journey, marked a milestone, not just in geographical terms, but emotionally. By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, they ____20____ (be) on the road for about 450 days. 3. （2026届北京市东城区高三期末二模试题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Evan Budz, a 15-year-old from Canada, won first place at the 36th EU Contest for Young Scientists with his autonomous bionic sea turtle robot. He ____14____ (inspire) when he observed the movement of real turtles during a camping trip. His design enables smoother movement through water, ____15____ (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. ____16____ an AI-powered computer vision system, the robot monitors coral health and aids underwater surveys and coral reef protection. Budz’s innovation shows young people’s remarkable capability ____17____ (tackle) complex technical and environmental challenges. 4． （2025届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模考试英语试题） Last December, I ordered a warm hamburger at a food store. As I left the store, I noticed there was an older poor gentleman 1 (sit) at the bus stop. Knowing it would probably be his only warm meal of the day, I 2 (give) him the hamburger. But all was not lost for me. Another customer offered me half of her hamburger. I was so delighted because I realised that 3 one way or another, we are all looked after. 5 （北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Information in your brain 1 (collect), stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time 2 you are growing into a baby. 3 (keep) our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually. 6 （2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控（一模）英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Humor is a balancing act and BrainPOP, an educational platform, can help teachers create an appropriate balance because the 1 (learn) activities support any course in a dynamic and kid-friendly way. Julie Kuzma from a public school agrees. She   2 (appreciate) that humor is a significant content principle BrainPOP employs. She also emphasizes that humor in the classroom is not about making jokes but about 3 you make students feel a certain way. In her experience, humor builds trust and makes students feel connected and 4 (see). “If you can make them smile, you know that you're on the right track and you've lightened their day a little bit. ” 7 （北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A recent study published in BMC Psychology suggests that editing photos can 14 (negative) impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem. This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and 15 (treat) oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters. Nowadays, social media 16 (use) by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and 17 (anxious). 8 （北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 By sending seeds on short trips into space, China is developing new crop varieties. This process, 18 (know) as space breeding, exposes seeds to cosmic radiation, which changes their genes and leads to the creation of new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first space breeding experiment in August 1987, the country 19 (send) seeds from thousands of plant species into space. This has resulted in the development of nearly 1,000 new plant varieties. The technology reportedly helps increase China’s annual grain production 20 2 million tons and produces direct economic benefits exceeding 100 billion yuan. 9 （北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4）阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Erinna 1 (move) by her son’s haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. 2 (give) the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support her son’s hairdresser 3 (make) sure she’s able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic (流行病). 10 （北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Over the years, the volume of information students need to learn and remember 1 (grow), as claimed by various studies. The post-pandemic educational systems, in particular, have experienced a shift toward including streaming of everyday lectures 2 our daily lives, allowing various playback speed options. Research has explored how adjusting playback speed affects 3 (concentrate). It often finds it beneficial to increase playback speed (1.5x to 2x) when 4 (deal) with extensive lecture recordings. However, a notable drop in performance is observed when the speed exceeds 2x. 11 （北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 The concept of the law of reversed effort was defined by writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley. He explained the 1 (hard) we try with the conscious will to do something, the less we shall succeed. Effort 2   (become)a paradox (悖论). It is like swimming against the current in a river. We can swim upstream, using all our might 3 (fight) the rushing water and still not get close to where we need to be. Or we can let the current take us downstream and find a different spot to get out of the water. 12 （北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期统练3英语试题)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who 1 (identify) as a sufferer of dyslexia (阅读障碍) so far. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and 2 (help) them be confident, capable students. “Right now they feel 3 (stick) — ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.” 13 （湖北荆州市2026一模)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 I bet most of us have had matcha-flavored milk tea or ice cream at least once. While matcha is commonly associated with Japan’s traditional tea ceremony Chanoyu, or Sado, its key whisking (搅打) technique, 36 origins can be traced back to China, where this ancient tea-making practice, known as diancha, 37 (enjoy) prosperity during the splendid Song Dynasty. At first, diancha was merely practiced by 38 (noble) and scholars, but it later broke through social class boundaries 39 was widely adopted by common people. The process of diancha involves pouring hot water over powdered (粉末状的) tea, a bamboo brush 40 (beat) the mixture with the gradual addition of more hot water. This technique produces a fine foam (泡沫) on the tea’s surface, which is a foundation for 41 (artistic) creative drawings. The foam is so stable that it allows for complicated designs on its surface, 42 practice known as chabaixi — a provincial-level cultural heritage in Fujian province. Thanks to popular media and the enthusiasts 43 (dedicate) to preserving and promoting traditional Chinese tea culture, diancha has been brought to a 44 (wide) audience. In this fast-paced era, this ancient art breathes new life 45 our busy lives, offering a precious moment of peace in the chaos of modern life. 14 （广东省江门市2026一模)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Jiuzhaigou Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a place of breathtaking beauty that seems to belong to another world. Located in the mountains of Sichuan Province, this valley, with its world-famous reputation, 36 (witness) millions of visitors each year to a journey of a fairyland on earth. The valley is named after the nine Tibetan villages 37 (dot) throughout its area with its most iconic features — the multicolored lakes, 38 crystal-clear water reflects the surrounding forests and sky in astonishing colors of emerald (翡翠). Walking along the wooden plank (板条) paths, people feel as if they are stepping into 39 living painting, where the air is fresh, and the silence is broken only by the sound of water 40 (flow) or birds singing in the ancient trees. It is this   41 (harmony) combination of elements that makes Jiuzhaigou so unique. However, a major earthquake causing significant damages happened in 2017, leading to a series of geological changes and the temporary 42 (close) of the park. Since then, greater efforts 43 (make) to restore its natural beauty and stricter tourist management policies have been carried out, like limiting the number of daily visitors to minimize human impact effectively. Today, Jiuzhaigou stands 44 a powerful model of nature’s resilience and conservation, reminding us that we are not the owners of such wonders, 45 their guardians. Preserving its splendor for future generations is a responsibility we all share. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第23讲 动词的非谓语形式 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 不定式 to do 知识解构 知识点 1 to do 基础用法 知识点 2 to do 时态语态变体 考向破译 考点二 doing（动名词 + 现在分词） 知识解构 知识点 1 动名词（名词属性） 知识点 2 现在分词（形 / 副属性） 知识点 3 doing 时态语态变体 考向破译 考点三 done 过去分词 知识解构 知识点 1 done 核心用法 知识点 2 状语从句省略规则 考向破译 考点四 特殊难点结构 知识解构 知识点 1 独立主格 知识点 2 to do/doing 语义差异动词搭配 考向破译 考点五 谓语与非谓语区分总规则 知识解构 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 北京卷近六年考情汇总（语法填空非谓语融合逻辑主语、主被动、时间层级考查） 非谓语核心类别 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 to do（不定式） to stimulate ------ to rest to address/ to harm to arrest to rest doing（现在分词 / 动名词） waiting travelling knocking facing ------ resulting done（过去分词） named scared asked seen supported caused 考情分析 题型与考向：无非谓语单独单选题，全部嵌入语法填空（提示词为动词）；谓语、非谓语判定是动词类第一分水岭；阅读七选五依靠非谓语拆分长难句；完形填空借助非谓语判断动作逻辑；书面表达是非谓语提分点，同时也是高频失分点。 命题特点 ①高度语境化，依托完整语篇，不孤立单句设空；先判断句内已有谓语动词，依靠 “一谓一连” 规则区分谓语 / 非谓语； ②复合考查逻辑：先辨谓语非谓语→锁定逻辑主语→判断主被动关系→区分动作先后与时态变体； ③命题梯度：基础 to do/doing/done 考查频次最高；having done/being done/to be done 变体为中档难点；独立主格、状语从句省略为拉分考点； ④规避生僻冷僻结构，聚焦课标三大类非谓语；高频设置陷阱：双谓语错误、did 谓语与 done 非谓语混淆、介词后误用 to do、悬垂分词逻辑主语不匹配。 各题型考查落点 语法填空（核心阵地）：提示词为动词，四步解题：辨谓语非谓语→找逻辑主语→判主被动→确定非谓语形式； 阅读理解 / 七选五：识别非谓语作定语、状语，剥离修饰成分，快速抓取句子主干； 完形填空：利用非谓语主动 / 被动逻辑，排除动词干扰选项； 书面表达（提分 + 重灾区）：双谓语连用无连词；介词 to 分不清介词 / 不定式符号；目的状语错用 doing；悬垂分词；独立主格额外添加 and/so 连词，大幅降低作文语言档次。 复习目标 ①吃透 to do /doing/done 三大基础形式及对应时态语态变体； ②精准区分易混结构：did（谓语过去式）vs done（非谓语）；be done（谓语被动）vs to be done/being done（非谓语被动）；done vs being done； ③掌握语法填空标准化四步解题流程，精准定位句子逻辑主语； ④熟记特殊动词搭配、独立主格、从句省略规则，规避写作典型失分错误。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 不定式 to do 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 to do 基本用法 核心含义：目的、将来、有待实现的动作、具体某次动作 1. 作状语：句首 / 句末表目的 例句：To protect cultural heritage, we carried out a series of activities.为了保护文化遗产，我们开展了一系列活动。 2. 作定语：表将来，有待完成 例句：We have lots of tasks to finish.我们还有很多任务要做。 3. 作宾语：want/hope/decide/refuse/promise/plan + to do 4. 作宾补：ask /encourage/allow sb to do 特殊：感官、使役动词 see /hear/make /let/have，主动句省 to；被动语态 to 必须还原。 例：He was made to apologize for his mistake.他被迫为了错误道歉。 5. 形式主语句型：It is + adj. + for /of sb to do sth。It是形式主语，to do是真正主语。 It is important for them to prepare for the rain soon.他们为了雨早做准备很重要。 知识点 2 不定式变体 ①to be done 不定式被动：将来要被做，作定语、状语 例句：The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天要开的会议很重要。 ②to have done 不定式完成式：动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。 He is said to have finished the task ahead of time. 据说他早就提前完成了任务。 考●向●破●译 1. ________(improve) our reading ability, we take part in various reading activities. 答案：To improve 解析：不定式置于句首作目的状语，表 “为了”。 2. The volunteer wants ________(contribute) more to communityrelated work. 答案：to contribute 解析：want 后接不定式 to do 作宾语。 3. The project ________(complete) next month will bring convenience to local residents. 答案：to be completed 解析：不定式被动作后置定语；next month 表将来，project 与 complete 被动关系。 4. He is reported ________(finish) the research ahead of schedule. 答案：to have finished 解析：不定式完成式，finish 动作发生在 is reported 之前。 考点二 doing 现在分词 & 动名词 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 动名词（名词属性：主语、宾语） 1. 作主语：Reading broadens our horizons. 2. 作宾语： ①介词后面一律接 doing：without, before, after, for； ⚠️高频陷阱：look forward to、be devoted to、pay attention to 中 to 是介词，后面接 doing，不是 to do。 固定句型：It is no good /no use doing sth 知识点 2 现在分词（形容词 / 副词属性：定语、状语、宾补） 1. 作定语：主动、正在进行 例句：The boy standing over there is a talented teenager.站在那的那个男孩是个天赋出众的青少年。 2. 作状语：伴随、原因、结果；逻辑主语 = 主句主语，主动关系 例句：He sat by the window, reading a magazine.坐在床边，读着报纸。 知识点 3 doing 变体 ①having done：主动完成；动作明显先于主句谓语，作状语 Having finished the homework, they went to bed.完成作业后，他们上床睡觉了。 ②being done：现在分词被动，正在被……；作定语、状语（非谓语，无谓语 be） The house being built now is intended for Children’s reading room.正在建的建筑打算做儿童阅览室。 考●向●破●译 1. Many citizens look forward to ________(visit) the newlybuilt museum. 答案：visiting 解析：look forward to 中 to 为介词，后接动名词 doing。 2. ________(realize) his dream, he kept practicing day and night.（改错提示：本句不表目的，表伴随） 答案：Realizing 解析：现在分词作原因状语；he 与 realize 主动关系。 3. ________(finish) all his homework, he went out to do sports. 答案：Having finished 解析：having done 主动完成；finish 动作发生在 went out 之前。 4. The building ________(repair) at present will serve as a youth activity centre. 答案：being repaired 解析：being done 非谓语被动作定语；at present 强调 “正在被修缮”。 考点三 done 过去分词 知●识●解●构 核心含义：被动、已经完成；不作谓语 1. 作定语：被动完成 例句：The book written by the famous author is popular among teenagers.由那位著名作家写的书在青少年中很流行。 2. 作状语：原因、条件、让步；逻辑主语承受动作 例句：Seen from the hilltop, the city looks amazing.从山顶看下去，城市开着很神奇。 3. 作宾补：find /get/have sth done “使某物被……” 例句：I had my bike repaired last weekend。我上周模把我的自行车修了。 得 分 助 手 从句省略规则：状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有 be 动词，可省略主语 + be，保留 doing /done。 When (he was) asked, he kept silent. → When asked, he kept silent. 考●向●破●译 1. ________(inspire) by folk art, the painter created many excellent works. 答案：Inspired 解析：过去分词作状语；painter 与 inspire 被动关系。 2. The report ________(publish) last year focuses on environmental protection. 答案：published 解析：过去分词作后置定语；report 与 publish 被动，last year 表已经完成。 3. When ________(question) about his plan, he offered practical suggestions. 答案：questioned 解析：状语从句省略，when (he was) questioned。 4. I got my watch ________(fix) yesterday afternoon. 答案：fixed 解析：have/get sth done 结构，宾语 watch 与 fix 被动。 考点四 特殊难点结构（北京模考高频） 知●识●解●构 1. 独立主格 非谓语自带独立逻辑主语，和主句主语不一致；名词 / 代词 + doing /done；不能加 and/so 等连词。 · Weather permitting, we will go hiking.（weather 主动 permit） · The task completed, we held a celebration.（task 被动 complete） 2. 易混动词搭配（to do /doing 含义不同） · remember to do 记得要做；remember doing 记得做过 · forget to do 忘记要做；forget doing 忘记做过 · regret to do 遗憾要做；regret doing 后悔做过 · stop to do 停下来去做另一件；stop doing 停下正在做 · try to do 尽力做；try doing 尝试做 思维建模非谓语语法填空通用四步解题范式 1. 通读句子，找出已有谓语动词；依据 “谓语数量 = 连词数量 + 1”，判断空格填谓语还是非谓语；剔除 as well as/together with 插入成分。 2. 找到逻辑主语：通常为主句主语，或是被修饰的紧邻名词；独立主格找非谓语自带名词。 3. 判断逻辑主语与动词：主动→to do /doing/having done；被动→done /to be done /being done /having been done。 4. 判断时间与功能：  表目的、将来→to do /to be done；  表主动、伴随、进行→doing /having done；  表被动完成→done；表正在被→being done。 思维建模书面表达高频非谓语易错合集 1. 双谓语错误：两个谓语动词无并列连词，没有改写非谓语； 2.did（谓语过去式）与 done（非谓语过去分词）混淆； 3. 介词后误用 to do；分不清 to 是介词符号还是不定式符号； 4. 悬垂分词：逻辑主语不匹配，Seeing from the mountain,the city…❌ → Seen from the mountain✅； 5. 句首目的状语误用 doing；表目的优先 to do； 6. 独立主格错误添加 and、so 连词； 7. 混淆谓语 be done 和非谓语 to be done /being done，非谓语多余写 be； 8. 感官使役动词被动结构忘记还原 to。 一谓一连记心间，无连就用非谓语； 目的将来用 to do，主动进行 doing 随； 被动完成选 done，介词后面必 doing； 逻辑主语找准确，did done 要分清； 感官使役被动 to，独立主格不带连词。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 考点01 现在分词/动名词 1. (2026·北京·高考) The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people __13__(wait) behind us. 【答案】waiting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：收银员已经扫完了所有商品，有几个人正在我们身后等候。本句已有谓语 were，空格处需用非谓语；逻辑主语 people 与 wait 之间为主动关系，现在分词 waiting 作后置定语，修饰 people，表主动、正在进行的状态。故填 waiting。 2.(2025·北京·高考) When 17 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18left (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】traveling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 3.(2024·北京·高考) Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 【答案】knocking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 4.(2021·北京·高考)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 19 (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. 【答案】resulting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。 考点02 过去分词 1.(2026·北京·高考) Perhaps you don’t know the term but that feeling is called Malamuta, a recently ____16__(name) emotion, which marks some of the most important moments in our life. 【答案】named 【解析】考查非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）。句意：或许你不知道这个术语，但这种感受叫作 Malamuta，一种新近被命名的情绪。逻辑主语 emotion 与 name（命名）是被动关系，表示 “被命名的”；过去分词 named 作后置定语修饰 emotion，表被动、已完成。故填 named。 2.(2025·北京·高考) I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 12 (scare). 【答案】scared 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”，“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 3.(2024·北京·高考) And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 【答案】asked 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填过去分词asked。 4.(2023·北京·高考)When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 【答案】seen 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填过去分词seen。 5.(2022·北京·高考)Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 14 (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 【答案】supported 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 6.(2021·北京·高考)There 17has been (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 【答案】caused 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 考点03 不定式 1.(2026·北京·高考) Perhaps you don’t know the term but that feeling is called Malamuta, a recently ____16__(name) emotion, which marks some of the most important moments in our life. By mindfully seeking your opportunities ___17___(stimulate) this feeling, you will fill your life with greater meaning. 【答案】to stimulate 【解析】考查非谓语动词（不定式作目的状语）。句意：有意识地寻找机会去激发这种感受，你的生活会充满更深的意义。此处用不定式 to stimulate 表 seek opportunities 的目的：寻找机会是为了激发这种情绪，不定式表目的。故填 to stimulate。 2. (2024·北京·高考) Taking the time 11 (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12self-awareness (self-aware). 【答案】to rest 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 3.(2023·北京·高考)She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 【答案】to address; facing 【解析】19.考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 20.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 4. (2022·北京·高考)Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 【答案】to harm 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。 5.(2021·北京·高考)The findings show a critical need 20 (invest) in disaster prevention. 【答案】to invest 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。 考向04 语法填空中的动词综合考查 1 （2026届北京市海淀区高三期末英语试题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the early winter of southern Hubei, more than a dozen Belt and Road media representatives from different countries arrived in Chibi — an ancient city ____14____ heritage includes both the battlefield memories of the Three Kingdoms and the enduring legacy of tea. Following the historic tracks of the Tea Road, they explored the thousand-year-old relics ____15____ (preserve) from the Three Kingdoms battlefield. Through immersive experiences, they uncovered the timeless stories of Qingzhuan Tea, ____16____ (learn) how Chinese-style modernization encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people. 【答案】14. whose 15. preserved 16. learning 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自不同国家的十多位“一带一路”媒体代表来到赤壁，探寻三国战场记忆和茶文化遗迹，通过沉浸式体验了解青砖茶故事及中式现代化对文化交流的促进作用。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在鄂南初冬时节，来自不同国家的十多位“一带一路”媒体代表抵达赤壁——这座古城的文化遗产既包括三国的战场记忆，也包括悠久的茶文化。“　　 heritage includes both the battlefield memories of...”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an ancient city，关系词将其代入从句中定语，修饰名词heritage，表示“这座古城的文化遗产”，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose来引导该定语从句。故填whose。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：沿着万里茶道的历史轨迹，他们探寻了三国战场上保存下来的千年遗迹。“(preserve) from the Three Kingdoms battlefield”作后置定语修饰名词relics，preserve(保存)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语relics之间是被动关系，表示“被保存下来的遗迹”，用过去分词表被动。故填preserved。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过沉浸式体验，他们发掘了青砖茶的永恒故事，了解到中式现代化如何促进人们之间的文化交流和相互理解。“(learn) how Chinese-style modernization encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people”在句中作状语，learn(了解)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填learning。 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 2 （2026届北京市朝阳区高三期末一模试题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 To Benjamin and Loic, two Frenchmen, China was a distant yet fascinating place, a name more often ____17____ (find) in headlines. In September 2023, the two friends decided to walk all the way to China, ____18____ (choose) to keep their journey low-carbon. They quit their jobs, packed only essentials and accepted that the road ahead ____19____ (last) over a year. China, which they entered after a yearlong journey, marked a milestone, not just in geographical terms, but emotionally. By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, they ____20____ (be) on the road for about 450 days. 【答案】17. found 18. choosing 19. would last 20. had been 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了两位法国人本杰明和洛伊克辞去了工作，踏上了低碳之旅前往中国。经过约 450 天的行程，他们抵达了兰州，中国成为了他们此次旅程的一个重要里程碑。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于本杰明和洛伊克这两位法国人来说，中国是一个遥远而又充满魅力的地方，这个名字常常出现在新闻头条上。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰name，name与find是被动关系（名字“被出现在”头条中），用过去分词作后置定语。故填found。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2023 年 9 月，这两位朋友决定一路步行前往中国，他们选择让自己的旅程尽可能低碳。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语the two friends与 choose为主动关系，所以为现在分词作伴随状语。故填choosing。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他们辞去了工作，只携带了必需品，并接受了前方道路将持续超过一年的现实。分析句子可知，主句谓语accepted 为一般过去时，宾语从句表达“当时看来前路将会持续一年多”，用过去将来时。故填would last。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：当他们抵达兰州时，他们已经在路上走了大约 450 天。分析句子可知，by the time + 一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时，表示“截止到过去某个时间已经……”。故填had been。 3. （2026届北京市东城区高三期末二模试题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Evan Budz, a 15-year-old from Canada, won first place at the 36th EU Contest for Young Scientists with his autonomous bionic sea turtle robot. He ____14____ (inspire) when he observed the movement of real turtles during a camping trip. His design enables smoother movement through water, ____15____ (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. ____16____ an AI-powered computer vision system, the robot monitors coral health and aids underwater surveys and coral reef protection. Budz’s innovation shows young people’s remarkable capability ____17____ (tackle) complex technical and environmental challenges. 【答案】14. was inspired 15. reducing 16. With 17. to tackle 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了加拿大15岁少年 Evan Budz 凭借自主仿生海龟机器人斩获欧盟青年科学家大赛一等奖，介绍了该机器人的设计灵感、优势、人工智能功能以及这项创新体现出年轻人应对科技与环境难题的能力。 【14题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：他在一次露营旅行中观察真实海龟的游动时，受到了启发。事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语He和inspire为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态was inspired。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的设计能让水下游动更加平稳，减少对脆弱水下生态系统的影响。句中已有谓语动词enables，故空处需填非谓语动词，此处表示自然而然带来的结果，用现在分词reducing作结果状语。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：借助一套人工智能计算机视觉系统，这款机器人能够监测珊瑚健康状况，助力水下勘测与珊瑚礁保护工作。空格后为名词短语，需用介词With表示“凭借、借助”。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Budz的创新成果展现了年轻人应对复杂技术与环境挑战的非凡能力。固定搭配capability to do sth.表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式to tackle作后置定语。 4． （2025届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模考试英语试题） Last December, I ordered a warm hamburger at a food store. As I left the store, I noticed there was an older poor gentleman 1 (sit) at the bus stop. Knowing it would probably be his only warm meal of the day, I 2 (give) him the hamburger. But all was not lost for me. Another customer offered me half of her hamburger. I was so delighted because I realised that 3 one way or another, we are all looked after. 【答案】1．sitting 2．gave 3．in 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者把一个汉堡给了一位贫穷的老人，然后得到另外一位顾客的半个汉堡作为回报。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我离开商店时，我注意到公共汽车站坐着一位贫穷的老先生。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词an older poor gentleman与sit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。 故填sitting。 2．考查时态。句意：我知道这可能是他一天中唯一一顿热乎乎的饭，于是我把汉堡给了他。空处为句子谓语动词，根据文章可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填gave。 3．考查介词。句意：我非常高兴，因为我意识到，无论如何，我们都被照顾着。in one way or another” 是固定短语，意为“以某种方式；不管怎样”。故填in。 5 （北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Information in your brain 1 (collect), stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time 2 you are growing into a baby. 3 (keep) our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually. 【答案】1．is collected 2．when 3．To keep 【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了大脑如何保持健康记忆力。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：大脑中的信息是通过神经通路收集、储存和回忆的。空处作谓语，information与动词collect构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述科学事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is collected。 2．考查定语从句。句意：数以百万计的神经通路从你成长为婴儿的时候就开始发育。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词time在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持我们的记忆健康，我们需要不断地创造新的路径。空处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填To keep。 6 （2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控（一模）英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Humor is a balancing act and BrainPOP, an educational platform, can help teachers create an appropriate balance because the 1 (learn) activities support any course in a dynamic and kid-friendly way. Julie Kuzma from a public school agrees. She   2 (appreciate) that humor is a significant content principle BrainPOP employs. She also emphasizes that humor in the classroom is not about making jokes but about 3 you make students feel a certain way. In her experience, humor builds trust and makes students feel connected and 4 (see). “If you can make them smile, you know that you're on the right track and you've lightened their day a little bit. ” 【答案】1．learning 2．appreciates 3．how 4．seen 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了幽默在教育中的重要性，以及BrainPOP平台如何通过幽默帮助教师创造适当的学习氛围。 1．考查动名词。句意：BrainPOP平台可以帮助教师创造适当的学习氛围，因为其学习活动以一种动态且适合孩子的方式支持任何课程。名词learning作定语修饰名词。故填learning。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她认为幽默是BrainPOP采用的一个重要内容原则。主语“She”是第三人称单数，且句子在陈述现在的情况，为一般现在时，故动词。故填appreciates。 3．考查连接副词。句意：她还强调，课堂上的幽默不是为了讲笑话，而是关于你如何让学生感受到某种情绪。设空处需要引导宾语从句，表示方式，故用“how”。故填how。 4．考查过去分词。句意：在她的经验中，幽默可以建立信任，让学生感到彼此联系和被关注。空处为非谓语动词，students与see为被动关系，用过去分词作feel的表语。故填seen。 7 （北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A recent study published in BMC Psychology suggests that editing photos can 14 (negative) impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem. This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and 15 (treat) oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters. Nowadays, social media 16 (use) by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and 17 (anxious). 【答案】1．negatively 2．treating 3．is used 4．anxiety 【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了编辑照片对个人自我认知和心理健康的影响，并警示社交媒体用户注意其潜在负面影响。 1．考查副词。句意：最近发表在《BMC心理学》上的一项研究表明，编辑照片会对个人对自己的吸引力和整体自尊的看法产生负面影响。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词negatively修饰。故填negatively。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种联系似乎受到比较外表和把自己当作物体的影响。根据空前的and可知，空处应和前文的comparing并列，应填动名词形式。故填treating。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：如今，数以百万计的人使用社交媒体来联系和分享他们的生活。use作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填is used。 4．考查名词。句意：然而，研究表明，过度使用社交媒体可能会导致抑郁和焦虑等心理健康问题。根据空前的and可知，空处和前文的depression并列，应填名词作宾语，anxious的名词形式是anxiety。故填anxiety。 8 （北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 By sending seeds on short trips into space, China is developing new crop varieties. This process, 18 (know) as space breeding, exposes seeds to cosmic radiation, which changes their genes and leads to the creation of new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first space breeding experiment in August 1987, the country 19 (send) seeds from thousands of plant species into space. This has resulted in the development of nearly 1,000 new plant varieties. The technology reportedly helps increase China’s annual grain production 20 2 million tons and produces direct economic benefits exceeding 100 billion yuan. 【答案】1．known 2．has sent 3．by 【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了中国通过太空育种技术培育新作物品种的过程和成果。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个过程被称为太空育种，将种子暴露在宇宙辐射中，这改变了它们的基因，并导致创造出更多样化的新品种。本句已有谓语动词exposes，所以konw用非谓语形式作后置定语，此处是固定搭配：be known as意为“被称为”，去掉be动词。故填known。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自287年8月中国首次进行太空育种实验以来，中国已将数千种植物的种子送入太空。send作本句谓语，根据since可知，用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数。故填has sent。 3．考查介词。句意：据报道，这项技术帮助中国每年增加30万吨粮食产量，产生的直接经济效益超过1000亿元。表示数量变化的幅度时，用介词“by”。此处指“每年粮食产量增加30万吨”。故填by。 9 （北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4）阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Erinna 1 (move) by her son’s haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. 2 (give) the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support her son’s hairdresser 3 (make) sure she’s able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic (流行病). 【答案】1．was moved 2．Given 3．to make 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Erinna在网络上分享儿子的发型视频走红，还设立了GoFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师。 1．考查时态语态。句意：Erinna被儿子的发型感动了。主语Erinna与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was moved。 2．考查介词。句意：鉴于巨大的反响，Erinna还设立了一个特别的GoFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师，以确保她能够继续工作，并弥补因疫情影响而损失的收入。后跟名词作宾语，表示“鉴于”应用介词given，首字母大写。故填Given。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：鉴于巨大的反响，Erinna还设立了一个特别的GoFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师，以确保她能够继续工作，并弥补因疫情影响而损失的收入。此处make作目的状语，用不定式。故填to make。 10 （北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Over the years, the volume of information students need to learn and remember 1 (grow), as claimed by various studies. The post-pandemic educational systems, in particular, have experienced a shift toward including streaming of everyday lectures 2 our daily lives, allowing various playback speed options. Research has explored how adjusting playback speed affects 3 (concentrate). It often finds it beneficial to increase playback speed (1.5x to 2x) when 4 (deal) with extensive lecture recordings. However, a notable drop in performance is observed when the speed exceeds 2x. 【答案】1．has grown 2．into 3．concentration 4．dealing 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了多年来学生需要学习和记忆的信息量在增加，尤其是疫情后的教育系统向将日常课程流媒体融入日常生活转变，还探讨了调整播放速度对注意力的影响。 1．考查动词时态。句意：多年来，正如各种研究声称的那样，学生需要学习和记忆的信息量在增加。根据时间状语“Over the years”可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“the volume of information”是单数，助动词用has，grow的过去分词是grown，故填has grown。 2．考查介词。句意：尤其是疫情后的教育系统，已经经历了一种向将日常课程流媒体融入我们日常生活的转变，提供了各种播放速度选项。根据空白处下文“our daily lives(我们日常生活)”可知，此处表示 “融入，纳入”，使用固定短语“include...into...”，故填into。 3．考查名词。句意：研究已经探索了调整播放速度是如何影响注意力的。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，concentrate是动词，其名词形式是concentration，意为“注意力”，是不可数名词，故填concentration。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究经常发现，在处理大量的课程录音时，将播放速度提高到1.5倍到2倍是有益的。 deal with动词和其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。此处为when引导的时间状语从句中的省略，故填dealing。 11 （北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 The concept of the law of reversed effort was defined by writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley. He explained the 1 (hard) we try with the conscious will to do something, the less we shall succeed. Effort 2   (become)a paradox (悖论). It is like swimming against the current in a river. We can swim upstream, using all our might 3 (fight) the rushing water and still not get close to where we need to be. Or we can let the current take us downstream and find a different spot to get out of the water. 【答案】1．harder 2．becomes 3．to fight 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作家兼哲学家奥尔德斯・赫胥黎定义的“反向努力法则”的概念，并通过在河中游泳的例子进行说明。 1．考查副词的比较级。句意：他解释说，我们越是有意识地努力去做某件事，我们成功的可能性就越小。根据下文“the less we shall succeed(我们成功的可能性就越小)”可知此处使用了“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”的结构，意为“越……，越……”，此处应填hard的比较级harder，故填harder。 2．考查动词时态。句意：努力变成了一个悖论。此处描述的是一个客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Effort是单数，所以谓语动词become要用第三人称单数形式becomes，故填becomes。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可以逆流而上，竭尽全力与湍急的水流作斗争，但仍然无法靠近我们需要到达的地方。空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填to fight。 12 （北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期统练3英语试题)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who 1 (identify) as a sufferer of dyslexia (阅读障碍) so far. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and 2 (help) them be confident, capable students. “Right now they feel 3 (stick) — ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.” 【答案】1．have been identified 2．helping 3．stuck 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Skye意识到自己是阅读障碍患者，并希望通过教育教师和提供工具来帮助有类似情况的学生建立自信。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：Skye意识到自己是迄今为止被认定为阅读障碍患者之一的幸运孩子之一。空格处是who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，who指代先行词the lucky kids，与“identify”之间是被动关系，且根据“so far”可知，动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故用现在完成时被动语态。故填have been identified。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：她知道教育教师了解阅读障碍，并为有学习挑战的学生提供他们所需的工具，是直面阅读障碍的重要第一步，并帮助他们成为自信、有能力的学生。作介词in的宾语，与meeting并列，用动名词helping作宾语。故填helping。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在他们感到困顿——对自己的学业感到羞愧、不确定和不安全。they与stick为被动关系，此处feel为系动词，后接过去分词stuck作表语。故填stuck。 13 （湖北荆州市2026一模)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 I bet most of us have had matcha-flavored milk tea or ice cream at least once. While matcha is commonly associated with Japan’s traditional tea ceremony Chanoyu, or Sado, its key whisking (搅打) technique, 36 origins can be traced back to China, where this ancient tea-making practice, known as diancha, 37 (enjoy) prosperity during the splendid Song Dynasty. At first, diancha was merely practiced by 38 (noble) and scholars, but it later broke through social class boundaries 39 was widely adopted by common people. The process of diancha involves pouring hot water over powdered (粉末状的) tea, a bamboo brush 40 (beat) the mixture with the gradual addition of more hot water. This technique produces a fine foam (泡沫) on the tea’s surface, which is a foundation for 41 (artistic) creative drawings. The foam is so stable that it allows for complicated designs on its surface, 42 practice known as chabaixi — a provincial-level cultural heritage in Fujian province. Thanks to popular media and the enthusiasts 43 (dedicate) to preserving and promoting traditional Chinese tea culture, diancha has been brought to a 44 (wide) audience. In this fast-paced era, this ancient art breathes new life 45 our busy lives, offering a precious moment of peace in the chaos of modern life. 【答案】 36．whose 37．enjoyed 38．nobles 39．and 40．beating 41．artistically 42．a 43．dedicated 44．wider 45．into 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是抹茶（matcha）的起源及其制作工艺“点茶”（diancha）的历史、制作过程和艺术价值，并提到在现代社会中，点茶通过媒体和爱好者的推广，重新焕发生机，为快节奏的生活带来片刻宁静。 36．考查定语从句。句意：虽然抹茶通常与日本传统茶道——茶之汤（Chanoyu，又称Sado）联系在一起，但其关键的搅拌技法其实可追溯至中国。在中国，这种古老的制茶方式被称为“点茶”，在辉煌的宋朝时期极为兴盛。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词its key whisking (搅打) technique和origins是所属关系，因此用关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 37．考查时态。句意：虽然抹茶通常与日本传统茶道——茶之汤（Chanoyu，又称Sado）联系在一起，但其关键的搅拌技法其实可追溯至中国。在中国，这种古老的制茶方式被称为“点茶”，在辉煌的宋朝时期极为兴盛。空格处是谓语，由during the splendid Song Dynasty可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填enjoyed。 38．考查名词的复数。句意：起初，点茶仅在贵族和学者中流行，但后来它突破了社会阶层的界限，被普通民众广泛接受。由and scholars可知，空格处用复数，故填nobles。 39．考查连词。句意：起初，点茶仅在贵族和学者中流行，但后来它突破了社会阶层的界限，被普通民众广泛接受。it later broke through social class boundaries和was widely adopted by common people之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表并列，故填and。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：点茶的过程包括将热水浇在茶粉上，用竹刷搅拌茶汤，并逐渐加入更多热水。句中谓语是involves，空格处用非谓语动词，brush和beat之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，构成独立主格，故填beating。 41．考查副词。句意：这种技法会在茶汤表面产生细腻的泡沫，为进行富有艺术感的创意绘图奠定了基础。空格处用副词artistically修饰形容词creative，artistically意为“艺术方面地”。故填artistically。 42．考查冠词。句意：这种泡沫非常稳定，可以在其表面绘制出复杂的图案，这种做法被称为“茶百戏”，它是福建省的省级非物质文化遗产。practice是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，空格处用不定冠词，practice是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 43．考查形容词。句意：得益于流行媒体以及致力于保护和推广中国传统茶文化的爱好者的努力，点茶已被更多人所了解。空格处用形容词作后置定语，dedicate的形容词是dedicated，意为“专心致志的”，故填dedicated。 44．考查比较级。句意：得益于流行媒体以及致力于保护和推广中国传统茶文化的爱好者的努力，点茶已被更多人所了解。根据语境可知，句子表示“点茶已被更多人所了解”，空格处用比较级wider，表示“更广泛的”，故填wider。 45．考查介词。句意：在这个快节奏的时代，这项古老技艺为我们的忙碌生活注入了新的活力，让我们在纷繁复杂的现代生活中得以享受片刻的宁静。breathe new life into是固定短语，意为“为……注入新的活力”，故填into。 14 （广东省江门市2026一模)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Jiuzhaigou Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a place of breathtaking beauty that seems to belong to another world. Located in the mountains of Sichuan Province, this valley, with its world-famous reputation, 36 (witness) millions of visitors each year to a journey of a fairyland on earth. The valley is named after the nine Tibetan villages 37 (dot) throughout its area with its most iconic features — the multicolored lakes, 38 crystal-clear water reflects the surrounding forests and sky in astonishing colors of emerald (翡翠). Walking along the wooden plank (板条) paths, people feel as if they are stepping into 39 living painting, where the air is fresh, and the silence is broken only by the sound of water 40 (flow) or birds singing in the ancient trees. It is this   41 (harmony) combination of elements that makes Jiuzhaigou so unique. However, a major earthquake causing significant damages happened in 2017, leading to a series of geological changes and the temporary 42 (close) of the park. Since then, greater efforts 43 (make) to restore its natural beauty and stricter tourist management policies have been carried out, like limiting the number of daily visitors to minimize human impact effectively. Today, Jiuzhaigou stands 44 a powerful model of nature’s resilience and conservation, reminding us that we are not the owners of such wonders, 45 their guardians. Preserving its splendor for future generations is a responsibility we all share. 【答案】 36．witnesses 37．dotting 38．whose 39．a 40．flowing 41．harmonious 42．closing 43．have been made 44．as 45．but 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了九寨沟的自然美景、地震后的恢复以及保护措施。 36．考查动词时态。句意：这个山谷以其世界闻名的声誉，每年见证数百万游客来到这个人间的仙境之旅。根据时间状语“each year”可知，此处描述的是经常性的动作，因此使用一般现在时，主语this valley是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填witnesses。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个山谷以散布在其区域的九个藏族村庄命名，其最具标志性的特征是五彩斑斓的湖泊，其清澈的水反映出周围森林和天空的惊人翡翠色。句中已有谓语动词is named，因此空格处需用非谓语动词形式，dot“散布”与其逻辑主语nine Tibetan villages之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填dotting。 38．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词lakes，且在从句中作定语，修饰名词crystal-clear water，表示所属关系，即“湖泊的清澈的水”，因此使用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 39．考查冠词。句意：沿着木板路行走，人们感觉仿佛走进了一幅活生生的画，那里空气清新，寂静只被流水声或古树上鸟儿的歌声打破。此处泛指“一幅活生生的画”，且living是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a。故填a。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。and之后的并列句已有谓语动词is broken，因此空格处需用非谓语动词形式，flow“流动”与其逻辑主语water之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填flowing。 41．考查形容词。句意：正是这种和谐的元素组合使得九寨沟如此独特。空处修饰名词combination，需用harmony的形容词形式harmonious作定语，表示“和谐的”。故填harmonious。 42．考查名词。句意：然而，2017年发生了一场造成重大破坏的大地震，导致了一系列地质变化和公园的暂时关闭。根据空前“the temporary”和空后的“of”可知，空处需用close的名词形式作宾语，表示“关闭；停业”。故填closing。 43．考查动词时态和语态。句意：从那时起，人们付出了更大的努力来恢复其自然美景，并实施了更严格的旅游管理政策，如限制每日游客数量以有效减少人类影响。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处描述的是从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，因此使用现在完成时，且主语greater efforts与谓语动词make之间是被动关系，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been made。 44．考查介词。句意：今天，九寨沟作为自然韧性和保护的强大典范屹立不倒，提醒我们，我们不是这些奇迹的所有者，而是它们的守护者。此处使用固定搭配stand as表示“作为……而存在；是……的典范”。故填as。 45．考查连词。句意同上。根据句意，表示“不是……而是……”用not...but...。故填but。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $