Unit 4 My Favourite Stories（知识清单）-2026-2027学年重大版五年级上册英语

该小学英语知识清单围绕“我最喜欢的故事”主题，系统梳理故事类型、朋友品质、诚实主题等核心内容。从故事类型认知切入，通过核心词汇、句型及一般过去时与一般将来时语法学习，逐步过渡到《两只熊朋友》《金斧头银斧头》故事阅读与理解，最终实现用英语分享故事、描述朋友及表达主题理解的学习支架构建。 知识链路按照“认知-理解-应用”逻辑展开，整合Lesson 1故事类型、Lesson 2朋友品质、Lesson 3诚实主题，形成连贯学习链。通过阅读方法指导、复述模板、综合表达任务，培养学生语言能力，借助故事对比分析提升思维品质，提供易混易错提示和学习支架助力学习能力发展，体现英语学科“学用结合”的学习方法。

重大版五年级上册英语 Unit 4 My Favourite Stories 知识清单 一、单元学习目标 本单元围绕“我最喜欢的故事”展开，学习故事类型、朋友品质和诚实主题，能够用英语分享故事并表达自己的理解。 能够说出自己最喜欢的故事类型，并说明喜欢的原因。 能够读懂《两只熊朋友》，理解“患难见真情”的含义。 能够描述自己最好的朋友，包括外貌、性格和原因。 能够读懂《金斧头银斧头》，理解诚实的珍贵。 能够使用一般过去时和一般将来时讲述故事情节。 二、核心词汇与语块 类别 词汇/语块 中文意思与用法 故事类型 fable; folktale; fairy tale; myth 寓言；民间故事；童话；神话 故事特点 teach us lessons; learn about culture; make us dream; become curious 教会我们道理；了解文化；带来幻想；激发好奇心 兴趣表达 read books; read stories; do sth. for fun; enjoy stories 读书；读故事；以某事为乐；喜欢故事 人物外貌 short/tall; fat/thin; old/young; round/long; big/small 矮/高；胖/瘦；年长/年轻；圆/长；大/小 人物品质 kind; polite; modest; friendly; careful; creative; brave; hard-working; honest 善良；有礼貌；谦虚；友好；仔细；有创造力；勇敢；勤奋；诚实 故事动作 walk in a forest; hear a strange sound; run away; climb up/down; lie down; smell; walk away 走进森林；听到奇怪声音；跑开；爬上/下来；躺下；闻；走开 斧头故事 axe; gold axe; silver axe; iron axe; cut wood; fall into the river 斧头；金斧头；银斧头；铁斧头；砍柴；掉进河里 三、核心句型 句型 功能 例句与说明 What do you like to do for fun? — I like reading books. 询问兴趣爱好 What do you like to do for fun? I like reading books. What kind of stories do you like best? — I like ... best. 询问最喜欢的故事类型 I like fables best. Why do you like it best? — Because ... 询问并说明原因 Because they can teach us some lessons. What is it about? — It’s about ... 询问故事内容 What is it about? It’s about a true friend. ... is my best friend. He/She ... 描述好友 She is kind and friendly. That is why she is my best friend. I will ... 表达将要做的事 I will find your axe. I will give you all three axes. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 概括朋友主题 患难见真情。 四、核心语法精讲：一般过去时与一般将来时 1. 一般过去时：本单元用一般过去时讲述故事中已经发生的事情。常见时间提示有 one day、in the forest、then、at last 等。 结构 用法 例句 主语 + was/were + 表语 描述过去的状态或特征 Tom and Bill were good friends. Tom was short and fat. 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 叙述过去发生的动作 They walked in a forest. Bill ran away. 主语 + couldn’t + 动词原形 表达过去没有能力做某事 Tom couldn’t run fast. He couldn’t climb up a tree. Did + 主语 + 动词原形……? 询问过去做过什么 What did the bear say to you? 2. 本单元重点过去式：be—was/were，walk—walked，hear—heard，run—ran，climb—climbed，lie—lay，smell—smelled，say—said，fall—fell，cut—cut，begin—began，come—came，find—found，give—gave，go—went。 3. 一般将来时：will 表示将来要做的事情，结构为“主语 + will + 动词原形”。will 后不能接过去式，也不能接 to。否定式是 will not/won’t + 动词原形。 结构 例句 注意 肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 I will find your axe. will 后用动词原形。 否定句：主语 + won’t + 动词原形 I won’t give up. won’t 是 will not 的缩写。 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形？ Will you help me? 回答：Yes, I will./No, I won’t. 4. because 引导原因：Why do you like fables best? Because they can teach us some lessons. because 后接完整句子，说明“为什么”。 五、Lesson 1：我最喜欢的故事类型 原文：Hi, Ou Lin. What do you like to do for fun? 译文：安迪：嗨，欧琳，你平时喜欢做什么消遣？ 原文：I like reading books. That’s great. I like reading books, too. 译文：欧琳：我喜欢读书。安迪：太棒了，我也喜欢读书。 原文：Oh, really? Do you enjoy stories? — Sure. 译文：欧琳：真的吗？你喜欢读故事吗？安迪：当然。 原文：What kind of stories do you like best? 译文：你最喜欢哪类故事？ 原文：I like fables best. They can teach us some lessons. They can help us become wise. 译文：我最喜欢寓言。寓言能教会我们道理，帮助我们变得聪慧。 原文：I like reading fairy tales best. They can make us dream. 译文：我最喜欢读童话。童话能带给我们美好的幻想。 原文：What’s your favourite fairy tale? — The Ugly Duckling. 译文：你最喜欢的童话是什么？——《丑小鸭》。 语篇精讲：本课通过 Andy 和 Ou Lin 的对话，学习如何谈论阅读兴趣和故事类型。fables 强调“给人启示”，fairy tales 强调“带来幻想”。回答“Why?”时，要使用 Because 引出完整理由。 故事类型 特点 表达示例 fable 寓言 teach us lessons 教会我们道理 I like fables best because they can teach us lessons. folktale 民间故事 help us learn about culture 了解文化 I like folktales because they help us learn about culture. fairy tale 童话 make us dream 带来幻想 I like fairy tales because they can make us dream. myth 神话 make us become curious 激发好奇心 I like myths because they make us curious. 句型辨析：What do you like to do for fun? 询问“你喜欢做什么消遣”；What kind of stories do you like best? 询问“你最喜欢哪种故事”。前者回答活动，后者回答故事类型。 故事分享模板：... is my favourite. What is it about? It’s about ... Why do you like it best? Because ... 六、Lesson 2：The Bear Friends《两只熊朋友》 原文：Tom and Bill were good friends. Tom was short and fat. Bill was tall and thin. 译文：汤姆和比尔是好朋友。汤姆又矮又胖，比尔又高又瘦。 原文：One day, they walked in a forest. They heard a strange sound. It was from a bear. 译文：一天，两人走进森林，听到奇怪的声响，原来是一头熊。 原文：Bill ran away fast and climbed up a tall tree. Tom couldn’t run fast. He couldn’t climb up a tree. So he lay down on the ground. 译文：比尔飞快地跑开，爬上了一棵大树。汤姆跑不快，也不会爬树，所以他躺在地上装死。 原文：The bear smelled Tom and then walked away. 译文：熊闻了闻汤姆，然后走开了。 原文：Bill climbed down from the tree. He asked Tom, “What did the bear say to you?” 译文：比尔从树上爬下来，问汤姆：“刚才熊和你说了什么？” 原文：The bear said, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” 译文：汤姆说：“熊告诉我：患难见真情。” 语篇精讲：故事通过危急时刻的不同表现，形成 Bill 和 Tom 的对比。Bill 只顾自己逃生，Tom 则冷静应对危险。故事告诉我们，真正的朋友应当在困难时给予帮助，而不是只顾自己。 情节 内容 过去式 Beginning 开始 Tom and Bill walked in a forest. A bear came. walked; came Problem 冲突 Bill ran away and climbed up a tree. Tom couldn’t run or climb. ran; climbed; couldn’t Action 应对 Tom lay down on the ground. lay Ending 结尾 The bear smelled Tom and walked away. smelled; walked Lesson 道理 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 真正的朋友患难时见真情 形容词对比：short—tall，fat—thin。描述人物时可以用“主语 + be + 形容词”：Tom was short and fat. Bill was tall and thin。 复述模板：Tom and Bill walked in a forest. A bear came. Bill ran away and climbed up a tree. Tom lay down on the ground. The bear smelled Tom and walked away. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 七、Lesson 2：描述自己最好的朋友 维度 常用表达 Height 身高 tall / short Weight 体型 fat / thin Age 年龄 old / young Face 脸型 round / long Hair 头发 short / long; black / brown Eyes 眼睛 big / small Personality 性格 kind; polite; modest; friendly; careful; creative; brave; hard-working 演讲句式：... is my best friend. He/She is ... Why is he/she my best friend? Because ... 示例：Lily is my best friend. She is tall and thin. She has long black hair and big eyes. She is kind, friendly and helpful. She always helps me when I have difficulties. That is why she is my best friend. 八、Lesson 3：The Gold Axe and Silver Axe《金斧头银斧头》 原文：It’s very hot today. But I must cut more wood. 译文：今天好热，但我必须多砍点柴。 原文：Why are you crying? — My axe fell into the river. I can’t get it out. 译文：你为什么哭？——我的斧头掉进河里，我捞不上来。 原文：No. My mother is ill. I have to cut wood, so I can buy her medicine. 译文：不是。我母亲生病了，我要砍柴，这样才能给她买药。 原文：Well then, I will find your axe. Wait here. 译文：好吧，我帮你找回斧头。在这里等我。 原文：Is this your axe? — No. That is not my axe. That’s a gold axe. 译文：这是你的斧头吗？——不是，那不是我的斧头，那是一把金斧头。 原文：Wait again. Is this your axe? — No. That is not my axe. That’s a silver axe. 译文：再等等，这把是你的吗？——不是，那不是我的斧头，那是一把银斧头。 原文：Oh, yes, yes! That is my iron axe. 译文：是的，是的！那是我的铁斧头。 原文：You are an honest boy. I will give you all three axes. 译文：你是个诚实的孩子。我会把三把斧头都送给你。 原文：Thank you so much. 译文：非常感谢您。 语篇精讲：樵夫虽然贫穷，却没有因为金斧头、银斧头而说谎。他如实说出铁斧头才是自己的，最终因为诚实获得了三把斧头。故事的核心品质是 honest，启示我们在诱惑面前也要坚持诚实。 故事环节 关键内容 表达 起因 The woodcutter cut wood on a hot day. must cut more wood 困难 His axe fell into the river. I can’t get it out. 帮助 The River God came to help him. I will find your axe. 选择 He refused the gold and silver axes. That is not my axe. 结局 He got all three axes because he was honest. I will give you all three axes. 重点词组：must do sth. 表示“必须做某事”；have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”；fall into 表示“掉进”；get sth. out 表示“把某物取出”；be sure 表示“确定”；all three 表示“三个全部”。 一般将来时精讲：I will find your axe. / I will give you all three axes. will 表示说话时作出的承诺、决定或将要发生的动作。主语无论是 I、he 还是 they，will 后都接动词原形。 问答思路：The woodcutter cried because his axe fell into the river. The old man was the River God. He gave the woodcutter all three axes because the woodcutter was honest. We should be honest. 角色扮演模板：Where did you get the gold and silver axes? — I went to cut wood. My iron axe fell into the river. The River God helped me because I was honest. 九、语篇阅读方法：故事类文本 第一步：看标题、图片和预测选项，先判断故事人物、类型和可能的主题。 第二步：按照 beginning—middle—end 梳理故事结构，找出人物、地点、冲突、解决办法和结局。 第三步：圈出动作动词，特别关注一般过去时和 couldn’t 等表达，帮助还原故事顺序。 第四步：用“人物 + 动作 + 结果”复述，不逐句翻译，先说清情节主线。 第五步：回到主题，回答 What do you learn from the story? 或 What is a true friend like? 阅读复述示例：The woodcutter’s axe fell into the river. The River God found a gold axe and a silver axe, but the woodcutter said they were not his. When the River God found his iron axe, he told the truth. The River God gave him all three axes because he was honest. 十、Challenging Ourselves：故事分类与故事分享 故事类型 示例 主要特点 Fairy Tales 童话 Pinocchio; Little Red Riding Hood 充满想象，带来幻想 Fables 寓言 The Ant and the Grasshopper; The Boy Who Cried Wolf 通过故事教会我们道理 Myths 神话 The Carps Leap over the Dragon Gate; The Story of Yu 富有神奇色彩，激发好奇心 Folktales 民间故事 The Gold Axe and Silver Axe 反映民俗文化和生活智慧 My Favourite Story 填写内容 Story 故事名称：... Author 作者：... Type 故事类型：... Reason I like this story best because ... 课堂分享句：My favourite story is ... It is a ... story. It is about ... I like it best because ... I can learn ... from it. 十一、单元重点整合 知识要点 掌握要求 故事类型 能够区分 fable、folktale、fairy tale 和 myth，并表达喜欢的原因。 兴趣与原因 能够使用 What kind ...?、Why ...?、Because ... 进行交流。 朋友描述 能够从外貌、性格和互助经历等方面描述好友。 故事复述 能够用一般过去时按照起因、经过、结果复述故事。 诚实主题 能够理解 honest、A friend in need is a friend indeed 等表达。 将来表达 能够使用 will + 动词原形表达承诺或将要做的事。 十二、易混易错与学习提示 What kind of stories ...? 询问故事类型；What is it about? 询问故事内容；Why ...? 询问原因，三个句型功能不同。 like reading books 中 like 后接动词 -ing；不能说 like read books 表示“喜欢读书”。 couldn’t 后接动词原形：Tom couldn’t run fast；不能写成 couldn’t ran。 一般过去时中，lie—lay 表示“躺下”；不要和 lie—lied（说谎）混淆。 Did 后接动词原形：What did the bear say? 不能说 What did the bear said? will 后接动词原形：I will find your axe；不能写 I will found your axe。 because 后接完整句子，如 Because they can teach us some lessons。 honest 以元音音素开头，表达“一个诚实的男孩”时用 an honest boy。 讲故事时先抓主线和主题，再补充细节；描述朋友时要做到外貌、性格和事例相互对应。 十三、单元综合表达 表达任务 推荐结构 示例 分享最喜欢的故事 故事名称 + 类型 + 内容 + 喜欢原因 My favourite story is The Ugly Duckling. It is a fairy tale. It is about a little duck. I like it because it can make us dream. 介绍最好的朋友 外貌 + 性格 + 互助事例 + 总结 Lily is my best friend. She is kind and friendly. She always helps me. That is why she is my best friend. 谈论诚实品质 故事经历 + 诚实表现 + 我的行动 The woodcutter told the truth. He was honest. I should also be honest in my life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $