18-英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦英文刊物拓展阅读，通过多题材文本系统训练细节理解、词义猜测等题型，融合长难句分析与逻辑推理，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解|4题（如A篇1题）|定位原文关键信息|由具体数据到文本对应| |词义猜测|3题（如A篇3题）|上下文语境分析法|从词汇本义到语境义推导| |主旨大意|2题（如B篇7题）|段落核心归纳法|从局部信息到整体主旨| |推理判断|1题（如B篇6题）|逻辑关联推断法|由现象到本质因果分析| |七选五|5题（E篇）|衔接词与段落逻辑法|从句子衔接至语篇连贯|

英文刊物拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The global transition to renewable energy is creating a new set of challenges for the world‘s electricity grids, which were designed for a different era. A 2026 report from the International Energy Agency warns that without significant investment in grid infrastructure and energy storage, the expansion of renewable energy could be severely constrained by transmission bottlenecks and intermittency issues. Solar and wind power now account for approximately 25 percent of global electricity generation in some regions, but their variable nature poses significant challenges. When the sun doesn’t shine or the wind doesn‘t blow, backup power from fossil fuels must fill the gap. When production exceeds demand, prices can fall below zero, discouraging investment. The report found that in some parts of Europe, grid congestion prevents up to 30 percent of potential renewable energy from reaching consumers. Battery storage is often seen as the solution, but the scale of storage required is enormous. The world’s current battery storage capacity is less than 0.5 percent of what would be needed to compensate for a week of low wind and solar output. Pumped hydro storage, which accounts for 90 percent of global energy storage, is limited by geography. Emerging technologies such as compressed air energy storage and hydrogen storage offer promise but remain expensive and unproven at scale. Grid modernization is equally important. Smart grids that can balance supply and demand in real time, interconnections that allow electricity to flow between regions, and demand-response systems that encourage consumers to shift usage to times of abundant renewable power are all essential. A 2025 study found that investment in smart grid technology could reduce the cost of integrating renewables by up to 40 percent. “The challenge is significant, but not insurmountable,” said Dr. James Robinson, an energy analyst. “We are building an entirely new energy system while keeping the lights on. That is the great challenge of our time.” 1.According to the passage, what percentage of potential renewable energy is prevented from reaching consumers in parts of Europe? A. 10 percent. B. 20 percent. C. 30 percent. D. 50 percent. 2.According to paragraph 3, what accounts for 90 percent of global energy storage? A. Battery storage. B. Pumped hydro storage. C. Compressed air energy storage. D. Hydrogen storage. 3.The underlined word “intermittency” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. stability B. unreliability C. efficiency D. cleanliness B The pandemic-era experiment with remote work has become a permanent fixture for millions of employees, and a growing body of research is revealing its long-term effects on productivity and workplace culture. A 2025 study from Stanford University, which tracked over 10,000 employees across 30 companies over three years, found that fully remote workers were 13 percent more productive than their office-based counterparts. The productivity gains were attributed to several factors. Remote workers spent less time commuting, which was redirected to work and personal activities. They also reported fewer interruptions and a quieter work environment, allowing for deeper focus on complex tasks. However, the study also found that remote work had negative effects on collaboration and mentoring. Junior employees working remotely received 40 percent less feedback from senior colleagues than those in the office. “The trade-off is clear,” said Dr. Nicholas Bloom, lead author of the study. “Remote work boosts individual productivity but can weaken the social fabric of organizations.” The study found that companies that adopted a hybrid model—where employees work remotely part of the time and in the office part of the time—achieved the best balance, combining the productivity benefits of remote work with the collaborative benefits of in-person interaction. The implications for career advancement are also significant. The study found that remote workers were 30 percent less likely to be promoted than their office-based peers. This was attributed to reduced visibility and fewer opportunities for informal networking. “Out of sight, out of mind,” Bloom noted. Despite these challenges, the majority of employees prefer some form of remote work. The researchers suggest that companies need to adapt their management practices to ensure that remote workers are not disadvantaged. This includes intentional efforts to provide feedback, mentoring, and networking opportunities for all employees, regardless of location. 4.According to the study, how much more productive were fully remote workers than office-based workers? A. 13 percent. B. 25 percent. C. 40 percent. D. 50 percent. 5.According to the study, what is the trade-off of remote work? A. It improves collaboration but reduces individual productivity. B. It boosts individual productivity but weakens organizational collaboration. C. It benefits junior employees more than senior employees. D. It eliminates the need for office space entirely. 6.The underlined phrase “Out of sight, out of mind” in paragraph 4 is used to illustrate that ______. A. remote workers are more productive B. remote workers are less likely to be promoted C. remote workers have better work-life balance D. remote workers prefer to work alone 7.What is the main message of the passage? A. Remote work is always better than office work. B. Hybrid work models may offer the best balance. C. Companies should return to full-time office work. D. Remote work has no negative effects on employees. C Artificial intelligence has become a powerful tool in the creative arts, from generating paintings that sell for hundreds of thousands of dollars to composing music that mimics the styles of classical composers. But the rise of AI-generated art has sparked a fierce debate about creativity, authorship, and the future of human artists. A 2026 report from the World Economic Forum identified AI art as one of the most disruptive technological trends of the decade. Proponents argue that AI is simply a new tool for artists, no different from the camera or the computer. They point to works like “Portrait of Edmond de Belamy,” an AI-generated painting that sold for $432,500 at Christie‘s in 2018, as evidence that AI art has value and legitimacy. Some artists have embraced AI as a collaborator, using algorithms to generate ideas and then refining them with human creativity. “AI doesn’t replace the artist,” said Dr. Anna Chen, a digital artist. “It expands the artist‘s toolkit.” Critics, however, raise fundamental questions about creativity and authorship. They argue that AI systems are trained on existing works, making them derivative rather than truly creative. “The AI is not inspired,” said Dr. Mark Thompson, a philosopher of art. “It is merely recombining patterns it has learned from human artists.” Others worry about the economic impact on human artists, particularly illustrators and graphic designers whose work could be automated. Copyright law has struggled to keep pace with the technology. In the United States, the Copyright Office has ruled that works created by AI without human input cannot be copyrighted, but works that involve significant human creative input may qualify. This distinction has proven difficult to apply in practice, and courts are beginning to hear cases that will shape the legal framework. The debate is unlikely to be resolved soon. As AI technology continues to advance, the line between human and machine creativity will become increasingly blurred. What remains clear is that AI is forcing us to rethink what we mean by creativity and who—or what—can be called an artist. 8.According to paragraph 2, what do proponents of AI art argue? A. AI art has no value compared to human art. B. AI is a new tool that expands the artist‘s capabilities. C. AI art should be banned from galleries. D. AI will replace all human artists. 9.According to paragraph 3, what is a concern of critics regarding AI art? A. AI art is too expensive for most people to afford. B. AI art is derivative rather than truly creative. C. AI art is not visually appealing. D. AI art requires too much computing power. 10.The underlined word “derivative” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. original B. based on something else C. experimental D. meaningless 11.According to paragraph 4, what is the legal challenge with AI-generated art? A. There are no laws governing AI art. B. Copyright law struggles to determine what qualifies for protection. C. All AI art is automatically copyrighted. D. AI art is illegal in most countries. D Vertical farming—the practice of growing crops in stacked layers in controlled indoor environments—has been hailed as a solution to the challenges of feeding a growing global population while reducing the environmental footprint of agriculture. A 2026 report from the World Resources Institute found that vertical farming could potentially produce up to 50 percent more food per square meter than traditional farming, while using 95 percent less water. The benefits of vertical farming are significant. By controlling temperature, light, and nutrients, vertical farms can produce crops year-round, regardless of weather conditions. They eliminate the need for pesticides and herbicides, as the controlled environment keeps pests out. They also drastically reduce the distance food travels from farm to table, as vertical farms can be located in or near cities. A 2025 study found that vertical farming could reduce the carbon footprint of leafy greens by up to 90 percent. However, the technology faces substantial challenges. The capital costs of building vertical farms are enormous—a commercial-scale facility can cost over $100 million. Energy consumption is also a major concern. The artificial lighting required for vertical farming accounts for up to 60 percent of operating costs, and unless the electricity is from renewable sources, the carbon savings can be offset. “The economics of vertical farming are still marginal,” said Dr. Sarah Green, an agricultural economist. “For most crops, it is not yet cost-competitive with traditional farming.” The researchers suggest that vertical farming is most viable for high-value, fast-growing crops like leafy greens, herbs, and strawberries. Despite the challenges, investment in vertical farming has grown significantly. Major companies like Amazon and Walmart have invested in vertical farming startups, and cities like Singapore and Dubai have incorporated vertical farms into their urban planning. “We are still in the early stages,” said Dr. Green. “But the potential is enormous.” 12.According to the passage, how much more food per square meter can vertical farming produce compared to traditional farming? A. 30 percent. B. 40 percent. C. 50 percent. D. 60 percent. 13.According to paragraph 2, what is one benefit of vertical farming? A. It requires more pesticides. B. It can grow crops year-round regardless of weather. C. It produces less food per square meter. D. It increases the distance food travels. 14.The underlined word “marginal” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. extremely profitable B. barely profitable C. completely unprofitable D. environmentally friendly 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Urban Farming B. Vertical Farming: Promise and Challenges C. How to Build a Vertical Farm D. The Future of Traditional Agriculture 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E Social media platforms have become the primary source of news and information for billions of people worldwide, but the algorithms that power these platforms are designed to maximize engagement rather than accuracy or diversity. A 2026 study from MIT found that social media algorithms are creating filter bubbles that limit users‘ exposure to diverse perspectives and contribute to political polarization. (16) ______ These algorithms learn from users’ past behavior, showing them more of what they have already engaged with. Over time, this creates echo chambers where users are primarily exposed to content that reinforces their existing beliefs. (17) ______ The study analyzed the behavior of 50,000 users across multiple platforms over two years. The researchers found that the average user encountered content from only five distinct news sources per week, down from 15 in 2018. (18) ______ The study also found that users who relied on social media for news were significantly less likely to encounter information that contradicted their political views than those who sought news directly from sources. Platforms have acknowledged the problem and implemented changes. Some have introduced features that allow users to see content from accounts they don‘t follow or to view posts in chronological order. (19) ______ A 2025 study found that users who actively sought out diverse perspectives on social media reported higher levels of political tolerance and less polarization. “The algorithms are not inherently bad,” said Dr. Emily Chen, lead author of the study. (20) ______ The challenge is to design algorithms that balance engagement with exposure to diverse viewpoints. 选项（A-G）： A. However, these changes have had limited impact. B. Social media algorithms are designed to keep users engaged. C. The platforms have made significant progress in solving the problem. D. This reduction in diversity of sources has been linked to increased polarization. E. The problem of filter bubbles has been solved by recent platform updates. F. But they need to be designed with greater attention to their social impact. G. Users who actively seek diverse perspectives show less polarization. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了可再生能源并网面临的挑战——太阳能和风能的间歇性对电网造成压力，需要大量投资于储能和智能电网技术。 1. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，在欧洲部分地区，有多少比例的可再生能源被阻止输送到消费者手中？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“grid congestion prevents up to 30 percent of potential renewable energy from reaching consumers”直接说明30%。故正确答案为C。 2. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第三段，什么占全球储能总量的90%？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“Pumped hydro storage, which accounts for 90 percent of global energy storage”直接说明抽水蓄能占90%。故正确答案为B。 3. 答案：B 题干句意： 第一段中画线单词“intermittency”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“intermittency”意为“间歇性、不稳定性”。文中指太阳能和风能发电的不稳定性。A项“稳定性”、C项“效率”、D项“清洁性”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学关于远程办公的研究——完全远程工作者比办公室工作者效率高13%，但晋升机会低30%，混合办公模式可能提供最佳平衡。 4. 答案：A 题干句意： 根据研究，完全远程工作者比办公室工作者效率高多少？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“fully remote workers were 13 percent more productive”直接说明13%。故正确答案为A。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据研究，远程办公的权衡是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“Remote work boosts individual productivity but can weaken the social fabric of organizations”直接说明远程办公提升个人效率但削弱组织协作。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中画线短语“Out of sight, out of mind”被用来说明______。 解析： 本题考查推理判断。前句指出远程工作者晋升可能性低30%，后句“Out of sight, out of mind”说明原因——不在视线内容易被忽视。故正确答案为B。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要信息是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。第三段指出“hybrid model achieved the best balance”，说明混合办公模式可能提供最佳平衡。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文/说明文，介绍了AI艺术引发的争议——支持者认为AI是艺术家的新工具，批评者认为AI作品只是重组已有模式，版权法尚未跟上技术发展。 8. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，AI艺术的支持者持什么观点？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“AI doesn‘t replace the artist. It expands the artist’s toolkit”直接说明支持者认为AI是扩展艺术家能力的新工具。故正确答案为B。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第三段，批评者对AI艺术的一个担忧是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“AI systems are trained on existing works, making them derivative rather than truly creative”直接说明批评者认为AI作品是衍生品而非真正创造。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：B 题干句意： 第三段中画线单词“derivative”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“derivative”意为“衍生的、基于其他作品的”。文中“making them derivative rather than truly creative”指AI作品基于已有作品。A项“原创的”、C项“实验性的”、D项“无意义的”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 11. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第四段，AI生成艺术面临什么法律挑战？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“Copyright law has struggled to keep pace with the technology”直接说明版权法难以跟上技术发展，难以确定什么作品有资格获得保护。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了垂直农业的承诺和挑战——每平方米产量比传统农业高50%，用水量少95%，但资本成本和能源消耗是主要障碍。 12. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，垂直农业每平方米产量比传统农业高多少？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“up to 50 percent more food per square meter”直接说明高50%。故正确答案为C。 13. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，垂直农业的一个好处是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“vertical farms can produce crops year-round, regardless of weather conditions”直接说明可以全年种植。故正确答案为B。 14. 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“marginal”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“marginal”意为“边缘的、微利的”。文中“The economics of vertical farming are still marginal”指垂直农业的经济效益仍处于微利状态。A项“极其盈利”、C项“完全无利”、D项“环保的”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 15. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕垂直农业的承诺和挑战展开。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社交媒体算法创建“过滤气泡”和“回音室”效应，限制用户接触多样化观点，加剧政治极化，平台已采取措施但效果有限，算法需要更好地平衡参与度与多样化内容。 16. 答案：B 题干句意： 社交媒体算法旨在最大化用户参与度而非准确性或多样性。麻省理工学院2026年的一项研究发现，社交媒体算法正在制造过滤气泡，限制用户接触多样化观点，并加剧政治极化。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句指出算法制造过滤气泡，B项“社交媒体算法旨在让用户保持参与”解释了算法设计的基本逻辑，与后文“学习用户过去行为，展示更多他们已参与的内容”衔接。E项“问题已解决”与全文基调矛盾。故正确答案为B。 17. 答案：D 题干句意： 这些算法从用户过去的行为中学习，向他们展示更多他们已参与的内容。随着时间的推移，这创造了回音室，用户主要接触到强化他们现有信念的内容。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句描述回音室的形成，D项“这种来源多样性的减少与极化的加剧有关”承接前文，指出回音室导致极化的后果，与后文研究数据衔接。故正确答案为D。 18. 答案：A 题干句意： 该研究分析了两年来多个平台上5万名用户的行为。研究人员发现，普通用户每周仅接触来自5个不同新闻来源的内容，低于2018年的15个。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句给出数据变化，A项“然而，这些变化效果有限”承接前文数据，引出后文关于平台措施效果有限及用户主动寻求多样化视角的讨论。C项“取得了重大进展”与“limited impact”矛盾。故正确答案为A。 19. 答案：G 题干句意： 平台已承认问题并实施了改变。一些平台引入了允许用户看到未关注账户内容或按时间顺序查看帖子的功能。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句提到平台措施，G项“主动寻求多样化视角的用户表现出更少的极化”承接前文，说明用户行为的影响，与后文研究者引述“higher levels of political tolerance”衔接。E项“问题已解决”与文意不符。故正确答案为G。 20. 答案：F 题干句意： “算法本身并不坏，”该研究的主要作者Emily Chen博士说。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句引用研究者的话指出算法本身不坏，F项“但它们需要在设计时更加关注其社会影响”承接前句，说明算法的改进方向，与后文“平衡参与度与多样化视角”的讨论衔接。C项“已取得重大进展”与“挑战”的讨论不符。故正确答案为F。 多余选项： C（平台在解决问题上已取得重大进展——与“limited impact”矛盾）、E（过滤气泡问题已被最近的平台更新解决——与全文基调矛盾） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “Smart grids that can balance supply and demand in real time, interconnections that allow electricity to flow between regions, and demand-response systems that encourage consumers to shift usage to times of abundant renewable power are all essential components of a modernized electricity network that can accommodate the variable output of renewable energy sources.” 翻译： 能够实时平衡供需的智能电网、允许电力在地区间流动的互联网络，以及鼓励消费者将用电时间转移到可再生能源充裕时段的需方响应系统，都是现代化电网的重要组成部分，这样的电网能够容纳可再生能源输出的不稳定性。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含多个定语从句。 主句：Smart grids, interconnections, and demand-response systems（并列主语）are（系动词）all essential components（表语） 定语从句1：that can balance supply and demand in real time（修饰grids） 定语从句2：that allow electricity to flow between regions（修饰interconnections） 定语从句3：that encourage consumers to shift usage to times of abundant renewable power（修饰systems） 定语从句4：that can accommodate the variable output of renewable energy sources（修饰network） 2. 原句： “A 2026 study from MIT found that social media algorithms are creating filter bubbles that limit users‘ exposure to diverse perspectives and contribute to political polarization, with the average user encountering content from only five distinct news sources per week, down from 15 in 2018.” 翻译： 麻省理工学院2026年的一项研究发现，社交媒体算法正在制造过滤气泡，限制用户接触多样化观点，并加剧政治极化，普通用户每周仅接触来自5个不同新闻来源的内容，低于2018年的15个。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含宾语从句、定语从句和“with”复合结构。 主句：A 2026 study from MIT（主语）found（谓语） 宾语从句：that social media algorithms are creating filter bubbles that limit users‘ exposure to diverse perspectives and contribute to political polarization（作found的宾语） 定语从句：that limit users’ exposure to diverse perspectives and contribute to political polarization（修饰bubbles） “with”复合结构：, with the average user encountering content from only five distinct news sources per week, down from 15 in 2018（with+宾语+现在分词，作补充说明） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $