19-英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷-2027届高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦全球议题的拓展阅读训练，通过细节定位、词义猜测、逻辑衔接等系统化方法，提升语言理解与思维分析能力，渗透文化意识与学习策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |选择题|15题（4篇）|细节理解定位原文、词义猜测结合语境、主旨归纳抓核心|环保/教育/健康主题，覆盖高考高频题型，构建“话题-题型-解法”逻辑链| |七选五|5题（1篇）|逻辑衔接分析上下文关联（因果/例证）|考查语篇连贯，强化信息匹配与思维逻辑性| |长难句分析|2例|句子结构拆解（主句/从句/非谓语）|复杂句式解析提升语言能力，支撑深度理解|

英文刊物拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The global steel industry is facing an unprecedented challenge: decarbonization. Steel production accounts for approximately 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions—more than the entire aviation industry. With growing pressure from governments and investors to reduce emissions, steelmakers are racing to develop technologies that could transform one of the world‘s most carbon-intensive industries. The traditional steelmaking process relies on blast furnaces that use coal to remove oxygen from iron ore, releasing vast amounts of CO₂. For every ton of steel produced, approximately 1.8 tons of CO₂ are emitted. A 2025 report from the World Steel Association found that without significant technological change, the industry’s emissions would remain largely unchanged through 2050. Several promising technologies are being developed. Hydrogen-based steelmaking, which uses hydrogen instead of coal to reduce iron ore, produces water vapor rather than CO₂. Sweden‘s HYBRIT project has already produced the world’s first fossil-free steel, and commercial production is expected by 2028. However, hydrogen production itself needs to be decarbonized—currently, most hydrogen is produced from natural gas, which still generates emissions. Another approach is carbon capture and storage (CCS), which captures CO₂ emissions before they reach the atmosphere. Several steel plants in Europe and Asia are piloting CCS technology, but the process is expensive and requires extensive infrastructure. The captured CO₂ must be transported and stored, often in underground geological formations. “The steel industry is at a turning point,” said Dr. Henrik Andersen, a materials scientist. “The technologies exist, but scaling them up will require massive investment and supportive policies. This is not just an industrial challenge—it is an economic and political one.” 1.According to the passage, what percentage of global CO₂ emissions does steel production account for? A. 3 percent. B. 5 percent. C. 8 percent. D. 12 percent. 2.According to paragraph 2, how much CO₂ is emitted for every ton of steel produced? A. 0.8 tons. B. 1.2 tons. C. 1.8 tons. D. 2.5 tons. 3.The underlined word “decarbonization” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. the process of increasing carbon emissions B. the process of reducing carbon emissions C. the process of making steel stronger D. the process of reducing production costs B As cities around the world seek to reduce emissions and improve air quality, the electrification of public transportation has become a priority. A 2025 report from the International Energy Agency found that over 50 percent of new buses sold globally are now electric, up from just 5 percent in 2018. The transition is being driven by falling battery costs, government policies, and growing public demand for cleaner air. The benefits of electric buses are significant. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, reducing air pollution in cities where transport is a major contributor to poor air quality. They are also quieter than diesel buses, reducing noise pollution. A 2024 study in London found that replacing a diesel bus with an electric one reduced greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 75 percent over the vehicle‘s lifetime. However, the transition is not without challenges. Electric buses are currently more expensive than diesel buses, though the gap is narrowing rapidly. The total cost of ownership—including fuel and maintenance—is already lower for electric buses in many cities, as electricity is cheaper than diesel and electric motors have fewer moving parts. A 2025 study found that over a 12-year lifespan, an electric bus can save up to $100,000 in operating costs. The biggest challenge is charging infrastructure. Electric buses require depot charging and often need to be charged during the day for longer routes. This requires significant investment in electrical infrastructure and careful route planning. Some cities have adopted wireless charging technology, allowing buses to charge while they are on the road. “The transition to electric buses is inevitable,” said Dr. Sarah Wilson, an urban transport planner. “The question is not whether it will happen, but how quickly we can make it happen.” 4.According to the passage, what percentage of new buses sold globally are now electric? A. 5 percent. B. 25 percent. C. 50 percent. D. 75 percent. 5.According to paragraph 2, what is one benefit of electric buses? A. They are cheaper to purchase than diesel buses. B. They produce zero tailpipe emissions. C. They travel faster than diesel buses. D. They require no maintenance. 6.The underlined phrase “total cost of ownership” in paragraph 3 refers to ______. A. the cost of buying the vehicle B. the cost of buying and operating the vehicle C. the cost of maintaining the vehicle D. the cost of building charging infrastructure 7.According to the passage, what is the main challenge for electric bus adoption? A. The high price of electricity. B. The lack of charging infrastructure. C. The resistance from bus drivers. D. The limited availability of bus models. C The Amazon rainforest, often described as the “lungs of the planet,” is losing its ability to absorb carbon dioxide at the rate it once did. A 2025 study published in Nature found that large swaths of the Amazon have become carbon sources rather than carbon sinks, meaning they are releasing more CO₂ than they absorb. The study analyzed satellite data from 2010 to 2025 across the entire Amazon basin. The researchers found that the southeastern Amazon has experienced the most significant decline, with deforestation and degradation turning the region from a carbon sink into a carbon source. Over the study period, the Amazon as a whole emitted approximately 0.5 billion tons of CO₂ more than it absorbed. “This is an alarming development,” said Dr. Carlos Mendez, lead author of the study. “The Amazon has been one of the world’s most important carbon sinks for millennia. If it becomes a net carbon source, it will accelerate climate change rather than slow it down.” The drivers of this decline are multiple. Deforestation for agriculture and cattle ranching has removed vast areas of forest that would otherwise absorb carbon. The degradation of remaining forests through logging and fire has reduced their carbon storage capacity. Climate change itself is also playing a role, as higher temperatures and more frequent droughts stress the forest, reducing its growth and carbon uptake. The researchers emphasize that the Amazon can still recover—but only if deforestation is stopped and the forest is allowed to regenerate. “We have a choice,” said Dr. Mendez. “We can continue to destroy the Amazon and accelerate climate change, or we can protect it and preserve one of our most powerful tools against global warming.” 8.According to the study, what has happened to parts of the Amazon rainforest? A. They have become carbon sources instead of carbon sinks. B. They have increased their carbon absorption capacity. C. They have remained unchanged. D. They have expanded their forest cover. 9.According to paragraph 2, how much more CO₂ did the Amazon emit than it absorbed over the study period? A. 0.1 billion tons. B. 0.3 billion tons. C. 0.5 billion tons. D. 1.0 billion tons. 10.The underlined phrase “carbon sinks” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. areas that release carbon into the atmosphere B. areas that absorb more carbon than they release C. areas that produce carbon dioxide D. areas that store fossil fuels 11.What is the main message of the last paragraph? A. The Amazon’s fate is already sealed and cannot be changed. B. The Amazon can still recover if deforestation is stopped. C. Protecting the Amazon is too expensive to be practical. D. Climate change is the only factor affecting the Amazon. D The digital divide—the gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not—has become one of the most pressing issues in education. A 2025 report from UNESCO found that nearly 500 million students worldwide were excluded from online learning during the pandemic because they lacked access to the internet or digital devices. The report warns that this gap is widening, not closing. The divide is both a global and a local problem. In developing countries, the lack of basic infrastructure—electricity, internet connectivity, and affordable devices—remains the primary barrier. In developed countries, the divide is often about quality of access: students from low-income families may have smartphones but lack reliable broadband, or they may share a single device with siblings. “We are creating a two-tier education system,” said Dr. Maria Fernandez, an education policy expert. “Students with digital access are learning and progressing. Those without are falling behind—and the gap is growing.” The consequences of the digital divide extend beyond educational outcomes. Students without digital access miss out on opportunities to develop digital literacy skills that are increasingly essential for employment. They also lack access to information and services that are increasingly delivered online. A 2024 study found that students with reliable internet access were 30 percent more likely to attend university than those without. Solutions are emerging. Some countries have invested in providing free or subsidized devices and internet connectivity to low-income families. Others have created offline learning resources for students without internet access. However, these efforts are often underfunded and patchy. “We need a systematic approach,” said Dr. Fernandez. “This is not a temporary problem—it is a structural one.” 12.According to the passage, how many students were excluded from online learning during the pandemic? A. 100 million. B. 300 million. C. 500 million. D. 700 million. 13.According to paragraph 3, what is the consequence of the digital divide in education? A. Students without digital access are learning faster. B. Students with digital access are falling behind. C. Students without digital access are falling behind. D. There is no difference in outcomes. 14.The underlined phrase “two-tier education system” in paragraph 3 refers to ______. A. a system with two different levels of quality B. a system with two different subjects C. a system with two different age groups D. a system with two different teaching methods 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Digital Divide in Education B. How to Use Technology in Classrooms C. The Benefits of Online Learning D. The Future of Education 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E Social media has become an inescapable part of teenage life, and a growing body of research is revealing its complex effects on young people’s mental health and self-image. A 2026 study from the University of Pennsylvania found that teenagers who spend more than three hours per day on social media are significantly more likely to report poor body image and low self-esteem. The study tracked over 1,000 teenagers for two years, measuring their social media use and psychological well-being at regular intervals. (16) ______ The most pronounced effects were observed among teenage girls, who were more likely to compare themselves to images of idealized beauty posted by influencers and peers. “Social media creates a constant stream of comparisons,” said Dr. Sarah Thompson, lead author of the study. (17) ______ When teenagers see curated images of others’ lives—perfect bodies, exotic vacations, and happy relationships—they inevitably measure themselves against these unrealistic standards. The study also found that the nature of social media use matters. Passive consumption—scrolling through posts without interacting—was more strongly associated with negative outcomes than active use, such as messaging friends or posting content. (18) ______ However, the researchers emphasize that social media is not inherently harmful. (19) ______ For teenagers who are socially isolated or struggling with mental health, online communities can provide support and a sense of belonging. The key is to balance online and offline interactions and to be critical of the content consumed. The study has implications for parents and educators. (20) ______ The researchers also suggest that schools should include digital literacy in their curriculum, teaching students to recognize the constructed nature of online content. 选项（A-G）： A. It can provide valuable social support and connection. B. The study found a strong link between social media use and body image concerns. C. Teenage girls were the only group affected by social media use. D. Passive scrolling was linked to higher levels of anxiety. E. Parents should monitor their children‘s social media use and encourage offline activities. F. Social media has no effect on teenagers’ mental health. G. This constant comparison is what drives the negative psychological effects. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全球钢铁行业面临的脱碳挑战——钢铁生产占全球二氧化碳排放的8%，传统工艺每吨钢排放1.8吨CO₂，氢基炼钢和碳捕集与封存是两大技术路径。 1. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，钢铁生产占全球CO₂排放的多少百分比？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“Steel production accounts for approximately 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions”直接说明8%。故正确答案为C。 2. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据第二段，每生产一吨钢排放多少CO₂？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“For every ton of steel produced, approximately 1.8 tons of CO₂ are emitted”直接说明1.8吨。故正确答案为C。 3. 答案：B 题干句意： 第一段中画线单词“decarbonization”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“decarbonization”意为“脱碳、减少碳排放”。A项“增加碳排放”、C项“增强钢铁强度”、D项“降低生产成本”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了城市公共交通系统电气化转型——电动公交车零尾气排放、噪音更低，虽然购买成本较高但全生命周期成本已更低，主要挑战是充电基础设施不足。 4. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，全球售出的新公交车中有多少比例是电动的？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“over 50 percent of new buses sold globally are now electric”直接说明50%。故正确答案为C。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，电动公交车的一个好处是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“They produce zero tailpipe emissions”直接说明零尾气排放。A项“购买成本更低”与“more expensive”相反；C项“行驶更快”、D项“无需维护”均未提及。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：B 题干句意： 第三段中画线短语“total cost of ownership”指的是______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“total cost of ownership”指“总拥有成本”，包括购买和运营成本。文中“including fuel and maintenance”说明包括燃料和维护。故正确答案为B。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，电动公交车推广的主要挑战是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“The biggest challenge is charging infrastructure”直接说明充电基础设施是最大挑战。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了亚马逊雨林碳汇能力下降——部分区域已从碳汇转为碳源，2010-2025年间净排放5亿吨CO₂，森林砍伐和气候变化是主要原因。 8. 答案：A 题干句意： 根据研究，亚马逊雨林部分地区发生了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“large swaths of the Amazon have become carbon sources rather than carbon sinks”直接说明部分区域已从碳汇转为碳源。故正确答案为A。 9. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据第二段，研究期间亚马逊排放的CO₂比吸收的多多少？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“emitted approximately 0.5 billion tons of CO₂ more than it absorbed”直接说明5亿吨。故正确答案为C。 10. 答案：B 题干句意： 第一段中画线短语“carbon sinks”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“carbon sinks”意为“碳汇”，指吸收的碳多于释放的区域。A项“释放碳的区域”、C项“产生CO₂的区域”、D项“储存化石燃料的区域”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 11. 答案：B 题干句意： 最后一段的主要信息是什么？ 解析： 本题考查段落主旨。最后一段指出“The Amazon can still recover—but only if deforestation is stopped”说明亚马逊仍可恢复，但需停止森林砍伐。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了数字鸿沟对教育公平的影响——疫情期间约5亿学生因缺乏网络或设备被排除在在线学习之外，数字鸿沟在发达国家和发展中国家都存在。 12. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，疫情期间有多少学生被排除在在线学习之外？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“nearly 500 million students worldwide were excluded from online learning during the pandemic”直接说明5亿。故正确答案为C。 13. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据第三段，数字鸿沟在教育中的后果是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“Those without are falling behind”直接说明没有数字接入的学生正在落后。故正确答案为C。 14. 答案：A 题干句意： 第三段中画线短语“two-tier education system”指的是______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“two-tier education system”指“两级教育体系”，即有数字接入和无数字接入学生接受不同质量的教育。故正确答案为A。 15. 答案：A 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕教育中的数字鸿沟展开。故正确答案为A。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社交媒体对青少年身体意象和自我形象的影响——每天使用社交媒体超过3小时的青少年更可能报告差的身体意象和低自尊，被动浏览比主动使用危害更大。 16. 答案：B 题干句意： 该研究追踪了1000多名青少年两年，定期测量他们的社交媒体使用和心理健康状况。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句介绍研究设计，B项“研究发现社交媒体使用与身体意象问题之间存在强关联”承接前文，说明研究的主要发现，与后文“最显著的影响在少女中观察到”衔接。故正确答案为B。 17. 答案：G 题干句意： “社交媒体创造了持续的比较流，”该研究的主要作者Sarah Thompson博士说。（17）______ 解析： 前句Thompson博士说“社交媒体制造了源源不断的比较”，后句解释“当青少年看到他人精心修饰的生活时，会不自觉地以此衡量自己”。G句“这种持续比较正是负面心理影响的驱动因素”，完美衔接前后：前因（比较）→ 本质（驱动因素）→ 后果（衡量自己），逻辑链条完整。 18. 答案：D 题干句意： 被动消费——浏览帖子而不互动——与负面结果的关联比主动使用更强。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句说“被动消费比主动使用更易导致负面结果”，D项具体指出“被动滑动与焦虑水平升高相关”，是对“负面结果”的明确化，衔接自然。 19. 答案：A 题干句意： 然而，研究人员强调社交媒体并非天生有害。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句指出社交媒体并非天生有害，A项“它可以提供宝贵的社会支持和联系”承接前文，说明社交媒体的积极作用，与后文“online communities can provide support”衔接。故正确答案为A。 20. 答案：E 题干句意： 该研究对家长和教育者有启示。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句提出研究对家长和教育者的意义，E项“家长应监控孩子的社交媒体使用并鼓励线下活动”承接前文，提出具体建议，与后文“学校应将数字素养纳入课程”衔接。故正确答案为E。 多余选项： C（少女是唯一受影响的群体——与“most pronounced”不等同于“only”矛盾）、F（社交媒体对青少年心理健康没有影响——与全文研究结论矛盾） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The study tracked over 1,000 teenagers for two years, measuring their social media use and psychological well-being at regular intervals, and found that those who spent more than three hours per day on social media were significantly more likely to report poor body image and low self-esteem, with the most pronounced effects observed among teenage girls.” 翻译： 该研究追踪了1000多名青少年两年，定期测量他们的社交媒体使用和心理健康状况，发现每天在社交媒体上花费超过三小时的青少年显著更可能报告差的身体意象和低自尊，其中最显著的影响在少女中观察到。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含现在分词短语作状语、宾语从句和“with”复合结构。 主句：The study（主语）tracked（谓语1）over 1,000 teenagers for two years（宾语1）and found（谓语2） 现在分词短语作状语：, measuring their social media use and psychological well-being at regular intervals（measuring的逻辑主语为The study） 宾语从句：that those who spent more than three hours per day on social media were significantly more likely to report poor body image and low self-esteem（作found的宾语） 定语从句：who spent more than three hours per day on social media（修饰those） “with”复合结构：, with the most pronounced effects observed among teenage girls（with+宾语+过去分词，作补充说明） 2. 原句： “The researchers found that teenagers who consistently slept less than seven hours per night showed reduced gray matter volume in several regions of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex—an area responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and complex thinking—and that those who caught up on sleep during weekends showed some recovery, but the effects on brain structure persisted.” 翻译： 研究人员发现，每晚持续睡眠不足七小时的青少年在大脑多个区域表现出灰质体积减少，包括前额叶皮层——负责决策、冲动控制和复杂思维的区域——并且那些在周末补觉的青少年表现出一些恢复，但对大脑结构的影响持续存在。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含两个并列的宾语从句和插入语。 主句：The researchers（主语）found（谓语） 第一个宾语从句：that teenagers who consistently slept less than seven hours per night showed reduced gray matter volume in several regions of the brain（作found的宾语） 定语从句：who consistently slept less than seven hours per night（修饰teenagers） 插入语：including the prefrontal cortex—an area responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and complex thinking—（对regions的具体说明） 第二个宾语从句：and that those who caught up on sleep during weekends showed some recovery, but the effects on brain structure persisted（与第一个宾语从句并列） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $