14-英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦英文刊物拓展阅读，以全球议题为载体，系统整合细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意及七选五逻辑衔接等解题方法，构建“题型-方法-语篇”三维训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（A-D篇）|20题（含细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意）|细节题定位原文关键信息，词义题结合上下文语境，主旨题抓首尾段核心观点|以气候变化、绿色空间等真实议题为语篇载体，按“信息提取-语义推断-主旨归纳”逻辑递进| |七选五（E篇）|5题|分析句间逻辑（承接、总结、解释），关注代词指代与段落衔接|通过社会心理学从众行为主题，训练“上下文语境-逻辑关系-选项匹配”的语篇建构能力|

英文刊物拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A For centuries, tea has been more than just a beverage—it has been a cultural cornerstone, a symbol of hospitality, and a daily ritual for billions of people. But climate change is now threatening the world‘s tea production, with rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and increased pest outbreaks making cultivation increasingly difficult in many traditional growing regions. The tea plant, Camellia sinensis, thrives in specific conditions: cool temperatures, consistent rainfall, and well-drained, acidic soils. A 2024 report from the Climate Institute warned that if global temperatures rise by 2°C, up to 40 percent of current tea-growing areas could become unsuitable for cultivation by 2050. In Kenya, one of the world’s largest tea exporters, rising temperatures have already reduced yields in some regions by 15 percent over the past decade. Tea farmers are adapting in various ways. Some are planting shade trees to protect their crops from excessive heat. Others are experimenting with drought-resistant varieties. In India‘s Darjeeling region, growers have begun moving to higher altitudes where temperatures remain cooler. However, these adaptations are costly and often beyond the reach of small-scale farmers who produce the majority of the world’s tea. The implications for consumers are already becoming visible. Tea prices have risen steadily over the past five years, and some specialty varieties have become significantly more expensive. “We are seeing the end of cheap tea,” said Dr. Mark Thompson, an agricultural economist at the University of London. “What was once a humble everyday drink is becoming a luxury for many.” Major tea companies have begun investing in sustainability initiatives, including research into climate-resilient varieties and improved farming practices. But critics argue that these efforts are insufficient and that the industry must accelerate its response. “We have known about these threats for years,” Thompson added. “The time for action is now.” 1.What is the main threat to tea production according to the passage? A. The increasing demand for tea in developing countries. B. Climate change making tea cultivation more difficult. C. Competition from coffee and other beverages. D. The rising cost of tea in supermarkets. 2.According to paragraph 2, how has climate change affected tea production in Kenya? A. Kenya has stopped exporting tea. B. Rising temperatures have reduced yields by 15 percent. C. Tea farmers have switched to other crops. D. The country has banned tea exports. 3.The underlined word “thrives” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. struggles B. grows well C. weakens D. survives barely B A growing body of research suggests that access to green spaces in urban areas is not just an environmental amenity but a critical factor in public mental health. A 2025 study published in Lancet Planetary Health analyzed data from over 50,000 residents across 40 European cities and found that those living within 300 meters of a park or green space reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and lower rates of anxiety compared to those without such access. The researchers found that the benefits of green space exposure were most pronounced among residents of lower-income neighborhoods. In these areas, access to parks and gardens provided a crucial buffer against the mental health challenges associated with poverty and social isolation. “Green spaces act as social levelers,” said Dr. Helena Müller, lead author of the study. “They provide a free and accessible resource for stress reduction that is available to everyone, regardless of income.” The study also examined the mechanisms behind these effects. Regular exposure to green spaces encourages physical activity and social interaction, both of which are known to improve mental well-being. Additionally, the presence of trees and plants has been shown to lower cortisol levels and reduce the physiological markers of stress. The researchers noted that even small green spaces—a community garden or a tree-lined street—can produce measurable benefits. The findings have significant implications for urban planning. The researchers recommend that cities prioritize the creation and maintenance of green spaces in underserved neighborhoods, where the need is greatest. Some cities, including Barcelona and Singapore, have already adopted policies to ensure that every resident lives within a 10-minute walk of a park. “Investing in green spaces is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions available,” said Dr. Müller. “It not only improves mental health but also reduces healthcare costs and enhances community cohesion.” 4.According to the study, what is the benefit of living near green spaces? A. It reduces air pollution in the area. B. It increases property values in the neighborhood. C. It improves life satisfaction and reduces anxiety. D. It encourages residents to exercise more. 5.According to paragraph 2, why are green spaces particularly beneficial in lower-income neighborhoods? A. They provide free access to food and water. B. They offer a buffer against mental health challenges. C. They increase employment opportunities. D. They attract more businesses to the area. 6.The underlined word “levelers” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. barriers B. dividers C. equalizers D. promoters 7.What is the main message of the passage? A. Green spaces are only important for environmental reasons. B. Access to green spaces benefits mental health and reduces inequality. C. Cities should focus on building more housing instead of parks. D. Parks are too expensive for most cities to maintain. C The global packaging industry is undergoing a material revolution as pressure mounts to replace single-use plastics with more sustainable alternatives. A 2025 report from the Ellen MacArthur Foundation found that while plastic packaging has grown to represent nearly 40 percent of all plastic production, only 14 percent is collected for recycling, with just 5 percent actually being converted into new products. The challenges of plastic recycling are well-documented. Most plastics are made from petrochemicals and cannot be recycled more than once or twice before their quality degrades. Additionally, the variety of plastic types used in packaging—from PET bottles to polystyrene foam—makes sorting and processing costly and inefficient. As a result, the vast majority of plastic packaging ends up in landfills or the environment. In response, researchers and companies are developing a range of alternatives. Bioplastics, derived from plant sources such as corn starch or sugar cane, have gained attention as a potential replacement. However, critics point out that bioplastics still require significant agricultural land and water resources, and many are not biodegradable in conventional conditions. Another promising alternative is paper-based packaging, which is renewable, recyclable, and biodegradable. Major companies including Unilever and P&G have begun replacing plastic wrap with paper-based options for products such as shampoo bars and detergent sheets. Advances in coating technologies have also made paper packaging more resistant to moisture and grease, addressing one of its traditional weaknesses. The transition to sustainable packaging is not without barriers. Costs remain higher than conventional plastics, and the infrastructure for processing alternative materials is not yet widely available. Nevertheless, governments are stepping in. The European Union has proposed regulations requiring all packaging to be reusable or recyclable by 2030, while several countries have introduced taxes on single-use plastic packaging. 8.According to the passage, what percentage of plastic packaging is actually converted into new products? A. 5 percent. B. 14 percent. C. 40 percent. D. 80 percent. 9.According to paragraph 2, what is a challenge in plastic recycling? A. Most plastics cannot be recycled more than once or twice. B. Plastics are too cheap to recycle economically. C. All plastics are biodegradable. D. There is no demand for recycled plastics. 10.The underlined word “degrade” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. break down B. increase C. resist D. convert 11.What does the passage suggest about paper-based packaging? A. It is more expensive but offers environmental benefits. B. It cannot be used for food products. C. It is already cheaper than plastic. D. It cannot be recycled. D New satellite data from NASA has revealed that sea levels are rising faster than previous estimates, with the rate of increase accelerating over the past decade. The findings, published in Geophysical Research Letters, suggest that global average sea levels could rise by as much as 1.2 meters by 2100 under current emission trajectories, putting hundreds of millions of coastal residents at risk. The study analyzed data from multiple satellite missions over a 30-year period, providing the most comprehensive assessment to date of sea level rise. The researchers found that the rate of rise has increased from 2.2 millimeters per year in the 1990s to 4.8 millimeters per year over the past decade. The primary drivers are the melting of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, which have lost approximately 4 trillion tons of ice since 2000. “The acceleration is driven largely by the collapse of ice shelves in West Antarctica, which has allowed glaciers to flow more rapidly into the ocean,” said Dr. Sarah Chen, lead author of the study. The research also found that thermal expansion—the increase in ocean volume as water warms—accounts for about 40 percent of the observed sea level rise. The implications for coastal communities are profound. Over 600 million people live within 10 meters of sea level, and many of the world‘s largest cities—including New York, Shanghai, Mumbai, and Lagos—are located in low-lying coastal areas. The study warns that without significant emissions reductions, the frequency of coastal flooding events will increase dramatically by 2050. The researchers emphasize that the findings underscore the urgency of climate action. “We are not talking about a distant future,” said Dr. Chen. “The changes are happening now, and they are accelerating. Every fraction of a degree of warming matters.” 12.According to the passage, what is the current rate of sea level rise? A. 2.2 millimeters per year. B. 3.5 millimeters per year. C. 4.8 millimeters per year. D. 6.0 millimeters per year. 13.According to the passage, what is the primary driver of accelerating sea level rise? A. Thermal expansion of ocean water. B. Melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. C. Increased rainfall in coastal areas. D. Changes in ocean currents. 14.The underlined word “collapse” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. growth B. expansion C. sudden breakdown D. formation 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of NASA Satellite Technology B. Accelerating Sea Level Rise and Its Global Impacts C. How to Protect Coastal Cities from Flooding D. The Future of Antarctic Ice Sheets 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E We like to think that our decisions are rational and that we act independently of others. But a growing body of research in social psychology suggests otherwise. (16) ______ One of the most famous experiments on conformity was conducted by Solomon Asch in the 1950s. Participants were asked to match the length of a line to three other lines, with only one correct answer. (17) ______ Under the influence of group pressure, participants gave the wrong answer in about 37 percent of the trials. More recent research has shown that conformity is not just about social pressure—it is also about information. When we are uncertain, we look to others for guidance. (18) ______ This effect is amplified in ambiguous situations where the correct choice is not obvious. The implications of conformity for decision-making are significant. In the workplace, groupthink—where the desire for harmony overrides critical thinking—can lead to poor decisions and missed opportunities. In politics, conformity can reinforce echo chambers where dissenting voices are silenced. (19) ______ However, conformity is not always negative. It can promote social cohesion and cooperation, helping communities function effectively. (20) ______ 选项（A-G）： A. The key is to recognize when conformity is helpful and when it is harmful. B. Social conformity is only found in western cultures. C. When others gave the wrong answer, many participants followed suit. D. The desire to fit in may be stronger than our desire for accuracy. E. Conformity has been proven to be completely beneficial. F. Understanding the mechanisms of conformity can help us make better decisions. G. This is known as informational conformity. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变化对全球茶叶产业的威胁——气温上升、降雨模式变化和病虫害增加使传统茶叶种植区面临风险，肯尼亚茶叶产量下降，茶农正在适应但面临成本挑战，消费者已感受到价格上涨。 1. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，茶叶生产面临的主要威胁是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“climate change is now threatening the world‘s tea production, with rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and increased pest outbreaks making cultivation increasingly difficult”直接说明气候变化是主要威胁。A项“发展中国家的需求增加”未提及；C项“来自咖啡和其他饮品的竞争”未提及；D项“超市价格上涨”是结果而非威胁。故正确答案为B。 2. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，气候变化如何影响了肯尼亚的茶叶生产？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“In Kenya... rising temperatures have already reduced yields in some regions by 15 percent over the past decade”直接说明气温上升导致产量下降了15%。A项“肯尼亚停止出口”与“one of the world’s largest tea exporters”矛盾；C项“改种其他作物”未提及；D项“禁止出口”未提及。故正确答案为B。 3. 答案：B 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“thrives”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“thrives”意为“茂盛生长、茁壮成长”。文中“The tea plant... thrives in specific conditions”指茶树在特定条件下生长良好。A项“挣扎”、C项“衰弱”、D项“勉强存活”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了发表在《柳叶刀·星球健康》上的一项研究——城市居民接触绿色空间与更高的生活满意度和更低的焦虑率相关，绿色空间在低收入社区中尤为重要。 4. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据研究，居住在绿色空间附近有什么好处？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and lower rates of anxiety”直接说明提高生活满意度并降低焦虑。A项“减少空气污染”、B项“提高房价”、D项“鼓励更多锻炼”虽可能是绿色空间的好处，但非本研究的主要发现。故正确答案为C。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，为什么绿色空间在低收入社区尤其有益？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“provided a crucial buffer against the mental health challenges associated with poverty and social isolation”直接说明绿色空间提供了一种缓冲。A项“提供免费食物和水”、C项“增加就业机会”、D项“吸引商业”均未提及。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：C 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“levelers”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“levelers”意为“拉平者、平等化因素”。文中“Green spaces act as social levelers”指绿色空间是社会平等化因素，人人可用，不受收入限制。A项“障碍”、B项“分裂者”、D项“促进者”均不符合。故正确答案为C。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要信息是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文强调绿色空间对心理健康的益处及其减少不平等的潜力。A项“仅环境原因”与文意相反；C项“建住房而非公园”与文意相反；D项“公园太贵”未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全球包装行业正在进行的材料革命——塑料回收挑战、生物塑料和纸基包装等替代方案，以及政策驱动的转型。 8. 答案：A 题干句意： 根据文章，有多少塑料包装被实际转化为新产品？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“only 14 percent is collected for recycling, with just 5 percent actually being converted into new products”直接说明只有5%被转化为新产品。B项“14%”是回收收集率；C项“40%”是塑料包装占塑料生产的比例；D项“80%”与数据不符。故正确答案为A。 9. 答案：A 题干句意： 根据第二段，塑料回收的一个挑战是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“cannot be recycled more than once or twice before their quality degrades”直接说明大多数塑料只能回收一到两次。B项“太便宜”未提及；C项“可生物降解”与事实相反；D项“无需求”未提及。故正确答案为A。 10. 答案：A 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“degrade”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“degrade”意为“降解、退化”。文中“before their quality degrades”指质量退化。B项“增加”、C项“抵抗”、D项“转化”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 11. 答案：A 题干句意： 文章对纸基包装有什么看法？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据第四、五段，纸基包装可再生、可回收、可降解，但成本仍高于传统塑料。A项“更贵但环保”符合文意。B项“不能用于食品”与“shampoo bars and detergent sheets”矛盾；C项“已经更便宜”与“costs remain higher”矛盾；D项“不能回收”与“recyclable”矛盾。故正确答案为A。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了NASA卫星数据揭示的海平面上升加速现象——从20世纪90年代的每年2.2毫米加速到近十年的每年4.8毫米，主要驱动因素是格陵兰岛和南极冰盖融化。 12. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，当前海平面上升的速率是多少？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“the rate of rise has increased from 2.2 millimeters per year in the 1990s to 4.8 millimeters per year over the past decade”直接说明当前速率为每年4.8毫米。A项“2.2毫米”是20世纪90年代的速率；B项“3.5毫米”未提及；D项“6.0毫米”未提及。故正确答案为C。 13. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，海平面加速上升的主要驱动因素是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The primary drivers are the melting of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica”直接说明主要驱动因素是冰盖融化。A项“热膨胀”占40%但不是主要驱动；C项“降雨增加”未提及；D项“洋流变化”未提及。故正确答案为B。 14. 答案：C 题干句意： 第三段中画线单词“collapse”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“collapse”意为“崩塌、崩溃”。文中“the collapse of ice shelves in West Antarctica”指南极西部冰架的崩塌。A项“增长”、B项“扩张”、D项“形成”均不符合。故正确答案为C。 15. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕海平面加速上升及其全球影响展开。A项“NASA卫星技术史”偏离主题；C项“如何保护沿海城市”只是部分内容；D项“南极冰盖的未来”过于狭窄。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社会心理学中的从众行为——阿希实验等研究表明人们会因群体压力而放弃正确判断，从众既有负面影响（群体思维）也有积极作用（促进社会凝聚力）。 16. 答案：D 题干句意： 我们喜欢认为自己的决定是理性的，不受他人影响。但社会心理学的研究表明并非如此。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句指出人们独立决策的假设受到挑战，后文介绍阿希实验，D项“融入的欲望可能比追求准确的欲望更强”概括了从众行为的核心动机，引出后文实验。故正确答案为D。 17. 答案：C 题干句意： 参与者被要求将一条线的长度与另外三条线匹配，只有一个是正确答案。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句介绍实验任务，后文给出错误率数据，C项“当其他人给出错误答案时，许多参与者跟风”具体说明了实验中的从众行为，与后文“wrong answer in about 37 percent”衔接。B项“从众仅存在于西方文化”与文意不符。故正确答案为C。 18. 答案：G 题干句意： 当我们不确定时，我们会向他人寻求指导。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句说明不确定性导致从众，G项“这被称为信息性从众”承接前文，引出从众的另一种形式——信息性从众。A项“识别何时有益何时有害”更适合第20空。故正确答案为G。 19. 答案：F 题干句意： 在职场中，群体思维可导致糟糕决策。在政治中，从众可强化回音室。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句列举从众的负面影响，F项“理解从众机制可以帮助我们做出更好的决策”承接前文，指出应对方案，与后文“并非总是消极”衔接。故正确答案为F。 20. 答案：A 题干句意： 然而，从众并非总是消极的。它可以促进社会凝聚力和合作。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查结论句。前句指出从众的积极作用，A项“关键是要认识到何时从众有益，何时有害”总结了全文，点明需要区分不同情况。E项“完全有益”与“并非总是消极”不等同；B项“仅存在于西方文化”与文意矛盾。故正确答案为A。 多余选项： B（从众仅存在于西方文化——与文意矛盾）、E（从众已被证明完全有益——与“并非总是消极”矛盾，过度绝对） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “A 2024 report from the Climate Institute warned that if global temperatures rise by 2°C, up to 40 percent of current tea-growing areas could become unsuitable for cultivation by 2050, with the most severe impacts expected in low-lying regions where farmers have the fewest resources to adapt.” 翻译： 气候研究所2024年的一份报告警告称，如果全球气温上升2°C，到2050年，现有茶叶种植区中高达40%可能变得不适合种植，预计最严重的影响将出现在低洼地区，那里的农民应对资源最少。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含宾语从句、条件状语从句和“with”复合结构。 主句：A 2024 report from the Climate Institute（主语）warned（谓语） 宾语从句：that up to 40 percent of current tea-growing areas could become unsuitable for cultivation by 2050（作warned的宾语） 条件状语从句：if global temperatures rise by 2°C（在宾语从句内作条件状语） “with”复合结构：, with the most severe impacts expected in low-lying regions（with+宾语+过去分词，作补充说明） 定语从句：where farmers have the fewest resources to adapt（修饰regions） 2. 原句： “The study found that the rate of rise has increased from 2.2 millimeters per year in the 1990s to 4.8 millimeters per year over the past decade, a trend that is driven largely by the melting of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, which have lost approximately 4 trillion tons of ice since 2000, and by thermal expansion, which accounts for about 40 percent of the observed sea level rise.” 翻译： 研究发现，海平面上升速率已从20世纪90年代的每年2.2毫米增加到近十年的每年4.8毫米，这一趋势主要由格陵兰岛和南极冰盖融化驱动，两地自2000年以来已损失约4万亿吨冰，以及热膨胀驱动，后者约占观测到的海平面上升的40%。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含宾语从句、同位语和多个定语从句。 主句：The study（主语）found（谓语） 宾语从句：that the rate of rise has increased from 2.2 millimeters per year in the 1990s to 4.8 millimeters per year over the past decade（作found的宾语） 同位语：, a trend（对前面整句内容的总结） 定语从句1：that is driven largely by the melting of ice sheets... and by thermal expansion（修饰trend） 定语从句2：which have lost approximately 4 trillion tons of ice since 2000（修饰ice sheets） 定语从句3：which accounts for about 40 percent of the observed sea level rise（修饰thermal expansion） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $