Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Using Language & Assessing Your Progress重点词汇讲练用记 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦set、grasp等15个高频词汇，通过高考真题例句导入，构建“基础词义-固定搭配-易混辨析-语境应用”的学习支架，衔接词汇基础与高考考点，助力学生系统掌握词汇用法。 资料以真题例句强化语言能力，通过易混辨析和图表助记提升思维品质，结合语境串记与分层练习培养学习能力，帮助学生高效理解词汇多维含义，实现知识迁移与应用，提升英语综合素养。

Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 1.set[set] v.放，置；使开始；把故事情节安排在；设置；摆放餐具；镶嵌；安排；树立；布置 Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities.(2025• 北京卷)完成许多课程不再带来成功的感觉，因为每年超过四门AP课程是顶尖大学设定的标准。 n.一组（类似的东西） So my team conducted a set of studies to take this challenge seriously.(2026• 北京卷)因此，我的团队开展了系列研究，以认真应对这一挑战。 【图表助记】 set about doing sth. = set out to do sth.着手做某事 set down 写下，记下 set off 出发，动身 引起 set in 开始; 到来; 上涨 be set in以…为背景 set aside 为某种目的而留出 set out出发，动身 set up 建立（事业），成立（组织） set an example做出某种榜样 set foot on/in 到达, 踏上 ①Emily Sanders, a 25-year-old from Detroit, Michigan, ________ on December 23rd with high hopes of reaching Toronto to meet her boyfriend for Christmas.(2026• 全国I卷) 来自密歇根州底特律的25岁女子艾米丽·桑德斯于12月23日满怀希望地启程，打算前往多伦多与男友共度圣诞节。 ②In our house, Mom ______ a sewing area. (2025• 天津卷)在我们家，妈妈布置了一个缝纫区。 ③This is why Campbell has ________ to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place.这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——比这些发展预计发生的时间要早几十年。 ④(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money________ for a college education. 高中毕业后,Jennifer上了当地的一所技术学院,半工半读。因为家里没有多余的钱能留出来负担大学教育的费用。 ⑤ We _________on Monday morning and arrived in Melbourne after a two-hour bus ride, we started with a guided tour of Eureka Tower. (2026• 全国II卷)我们周一早上出发，经过两小时的巴士车程抵达墨尔本，随后开始参观尤里卡塔。 ⑥He set about________(help) homeless women and children to place of safety. 他着手帮助把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。 ⑦As night fell, panic _______.(2026• 全国I卷)夜幕降临，恐慌情绪蔓延开来。 【易混辨析】set, lay, place, put set一般指把某物垂直着放; lay一般指把某物横着或摊开着放; place指有意识地把某物放在较为确定的位置上,语气庄重; put是最普通的词,指较随意地放,可代替其它几个词。 【熟词生义】 v.(日、月)落沉 Though it was only a short climb，I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.(2021•全国甲卷)虽然攀爬的路程很短，但我发现自己已经完全爬到了山顶上，在夕阳西下的背景下，我看到了斯基多非常清晰的景色。 2.grasp [ɡrɑːsp] v. 抓牢；握紧；领会；理解 I figure that if you lack relevant knowledge of traditional Chinese painting, then grasp this opportunity without hesitation.(应用文之宣传稿)我想如果你缺乏国画的相关知识，那就毫不犹豫地抓住这个机会吧。 n.紧抓，紧握；理解（力），领会 Here are my qualifications. First, a sound grasp of Chinese and English enables me to communicate effectively with people from diverse backgrounds. (应用文之自荐信)这是我的资历。首先，良好的中英文水平使我能够与不同背景的人进行有效的沟通。 【考点拓展】 grasp at攫取 beyond one's grasp力量达不到 within one's grasp力量达得到 have a good grasp of深刻了解 in the grasp of在……掌握中 keep a firm grasp on抓紧 【易混辨析】grasp / master grasp用作动词，意思是“抓住、抓牢；领会、理解”； master用作动词时，意思是“掌握、精通”。 3.drama [ˈdrɑːmə] n.剧本，戏剧；场面 I had no interest in drama, but I’d try out because my friends were doing it. (2024• 北京卷)我对戏剧没有兴趣，但是因为朋友们都在做，我也决定尝试一下。 【考点拓展】 dramatic adj. 戏剧的，戏剧性的; 引人注目的; 突然的; 巨大的； dramatically adv. 戏剧性地，引人注目地; 显著地； dramatize v.编成剧本 ①With human inputs ________(dramatic) reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well.(2025• 浙江卷)随着人力投入的大幅减少，花园的生态可以得到很好的发展。 ②After a ② ________(drama)pause, the lawyer finished her summation.在戏剧性的沉默之后,这位律师作完了她的总述。 ③Don't believe everything she tells you; she tends to ________(drama).她的话不可尽信; 她往往言过其实。 【语境串记】 The drama has an interesting plot and a dramatic ending. The weak team won the game dramatically at last.这部戏剧有一个有趣的情节和一个戏剧性的结局。弱队最终戏剧性地赢得了比赛。 4.expense [ɪkˈspens] n. 费用, 代价, 损失, 开支, 费钱之物 He's bought a specially big TV at vast expense so that everyone can see properly.(读后续写之细节描写)他花大价钱买了一台特别大的电视机，这样每个人都能看清楚。 【考点拓展】 at one’s expense 以…… 为代价 at the expense of 由……支付费用；以损害为代价 spare no expense 不惜代价 put sb. to the expense of 使某人花钱做某事 expensive adj. 花费的, 昂贵的 expend v.花费;消耗 ①After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come _______________________.(2025• 北京卷)毕竟，探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。 ②Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is _________(expense). (2025• 全国I卷)氢燃料电池是一种比卡车电池更轻的选择，但制造绿色氢是昂贵的。 ③It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the _________(expend) of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. (2023•北京卷)事实证明，人们对现在有一种偏见，把注意力集中在当下的巨大吸引力上，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和经济稳定。 ④We will __________________________ to protect our surroundings from being polluted.我们将不惜一切代价来保护我们的环境不受污染。 ⑤You don't need to _________(expense) that much time in watching TV.你没必要花那么多时间在看电视上。 【易混辨析】 expense,price, fee, cost 【语境串记】 The car is so expensive. It's too much of an expense for me to own that type of car.这辆车太贵了。对我来说，拥有那种类型的汽车花费太大了。 5.behave[bɪˈheɪv]　　　　　　 v. 表现; 行为; 举止 More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. (2024• 北京卷) 更一般地说，社会本能促使我们学习如何在一个复杂的社会世界中表现。 【考点拓展】 behave oneself 规矩一点 behave well 行为规矩, 行为检点, 表现好 behave badly 行为不检点, 表现不好 behaviour n.行为，举止 mind one's behaviour 注意某人的举止 ①With the development of economy, more and more people afford to tour for sightseeing and relaxation. However, __________________. (应用文之发言稿) 随着经济的发展，越来越多的人负担得起观光和放松的费用。 然而，他们中的一些人表现得很差。 ②When I wrote and rewrote that essay, I began to learn ____________________________. I was grateful for the lesson he had taught me.(读后续写之主题升华) 当我一遍又一遍地重写那篇文章时，我开始学习如何表现得更好。我很感激他给我上的一课。 ③ Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past _________ (behave) to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising. (2026• 全国I卷)智能推荐引擎通过分析展品受欢迎程度和游客过往行为等数据，推荐特定的展览和活动，使每次参观都独具特色且充满惊喜。 ④If parents do not teach their child how to behave________(he), he will do anything at will.(应用文之建议信) 如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩，他做任何事情都会我行我素。 【易混辨析】behave/ conduct oneself behave意思是“表现”，“举止”，偏重外表方面，如举动和态度、行为的方式和模样等，指显示在人们面前的行动； conduct oneself意思是“为人”、“处己”，偏重道德方面，特别是指品行和在某种精神思想的支配下所表现的行为。 【语境串记】 The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behavior in front of others.这个孩子在课堂上表现得很好，老师在别人面前表扬了他的好行为。 【熟词生义】 n. 性能，特点 It will be many years before anyone can predict a hurricane's behaviour with much accuracy.要能相当准确的预测出飓风的特性尚需多年。 6.surround [səˈraʊnd] v. 围绕，环绕；包围某处 t’s almost surrounded by water.(2025• 全国II卷)它几乎被水包围。 【考点拓展】 surround...with... 用……包围…… be surrounded with/by 被……包围 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境 ①The breathing chamber was surrounded________panels that prevented surface swimming.(2025• 天津卷)呼吸室周围有防止水面游泳的面板。 ②In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the _________(surround) environment. (2024• 新课标II卷)此外，也不需要杀虫剂和其他污染传统农场和周围环境的化学物质。 ③ Much of this lifestyle centers around being outside and knowing the ins and outs of the town; being present and mindful of your _________(surround) is a critical part of the culture.(2026• 全国I卷)这种生活方式的很大一部分围绕着户外活动以及熟悉城镇的方方面面；保持在场并留意周围环境，是这种文化中至关重要的部分。 【句式转换】 The tall building in the distance is home to my father's company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees. →①The tall building _____________________________is home to my father's company.(过去分词作定语) →②The tall building______________________________is home to my father's company.(定语从句) 【语境串记】 As a famous pop star, he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding cities. And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers.作为一个著名的流行歌星，他喜欢被这么多从周边城市来看望他的粉丝包围。他也喜欢有绿树和鲜花的美丽环境。 7.depress [dɪˈpres] v. 使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷；使萧条 It depresses me to think that I'll probably still be doing exactly the same job in ten years' time.(读后续写之细节描写)很沮丧地，我认为在十年后我可能还会做着同样的工作。 【考点拓展】 depressed adj. 感到沮丧的 depressive adj. 郁闷的 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的 depression n. 沮丧；不景气 ①Helping the community lowers rates of ______(depress).(2025• 全国II卷)帮助社区降低抑郁症的发病率。 ②After being made fun of, the little girl was ______(depress) and kept silent all the day.在被取笑之后，小女孩很沮丧，整天保持沉默。 ③The house, whose roof was blown off by the wind, is a _______(depress) sight. 这房子的屋顶被风刮走了, 显得很凄凉。 ④Of course, if you already have severe_______(depress) symptoms, then seek help right away.当然，如果你已经有严重的抑郁症状，那么应马上寻求帮助。 【语境串记】 I felt depressed to see the depressing film last night. But after a night, I have been out the depressive mood.昨晚看了那部令人沮丧的电影，我感到很沮丧。但过了一夜，我的抑郁情绪就一直出来了。 8.strong [strɒŋ] adj. 强的; 坚强的; 强烈的; 强壮的 People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. (2025• 北京卷)故事更连贯的人往往有更强的认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、方向和目标感。 adv. 强劲地; 猛烈地; 大大地; 坚强地 【考点拓展】 strongly adv.坚定地；强有力地；强烈地（说服）；（气味）浓重地 strength n. 力量；强烈程度 strengthen v. 加强 ①Probably not, but I’ll do some ______(strong) training this afternoon. There will be more challenges ahead.(2026• 全国II卷)也许不会，但今天下午我会做些力量训练。接下来还有更多挑战等着我。 ②While gendering a product may be good marketing，it may also _________(strong)outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. (2025• 浙江1月卷)性别化产品可能是一种很好的营销方式，但它也可能强化关于权力和身份的过时或有害的观念。 ③Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was _________(strong) discouraged. (2024• 北京卷)因为愤怒的争吵会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。 【易混辨析】strength, power, energy, force strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量,可指体力、力气或抽象的力量。也表示“强项，长处”； power 可指动力、思维能力等各种力量或能力。如（物理学的）动力，电力。也表示“权力，职权”； energy 在物理学定义中为能，能量,用于生理学上指精力。full of energy精力充沛 force 物理学上的“力”；武力，力量；军队。 选词填空 energy , force, power , strength 1.In the end he had to be thrown out of the house by ______. 2. She was full of ______ after her vacation. 3.For a small woman she has surprising_____. 4.I will do everything in my _______ to help you. 【熟词生义】 n. 长处；优势 Redoubling efforts to boost academic performance, we pay little heed to other classmates’ personalities, hobbies, strengths, and even aspirations.(2025• 全国I卷)我们加倍努力地提高学习成绩，很少注意其他同学的个性、爱好、优势，甚至抱负。 【语境串记】 David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen the relationship with him.大卫有一个强壮的身体。他有能力做这项艰苦的工作。我们最好加强与他的关系。 9.deny[dɪˈnaɪ] v. 否认, 拒绝，后面跟动名词 But uncritical devotion to the “way things are done” can also deny us the possibility of better days.(2026• 北京卷) 但若一味盲目遵循“既定的方式”，也可能让我们错失美好未来的可能。 10.optimistic[ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk] adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的 Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(2023•全国甲卷） 感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，更快乐甚至更乐观。 【考点拓展】 be optimistic about 对……乐观 optimism n. 乐观; 乐观主义 optimist　n. 乐观主义者 ①But I was unrealistically ___________what I could achieve. (2024• 北京卷) 但我对自己的成就抱着不切实际的乐观态度。 ②That is why___________(optimistic), the ability to see the positive side of every negative situation, is key to success.(2025• 天津卷)这就是为什么乐观精神——即在每一种不利情况下都能看到积极面的能力——是取得成功的关键所在。 ③If you do, you must be an ___________(optimistic), a leader, an active person who loves life, people and excitement.(应用文之建议信) 如果你做到了，你一定是一个乐观主义者，一个领导者，一个热爱生活、热爱人际关系、热爱刺激的积极的人。 【语境串记】 The optimist is usually optimistic about everything.乐观者通常对一切都持乐观态度。 11.gain[ɡeɪn] v.获得，赢得；受益；增加，增长 A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. (2025• 浙江卷)一种新颖的园艺设计方法在世界范围内越来越赢得欢迎。 n.增加；增益；好处，改进 There has been a gain of three cents in the value of the pound against the dollar.英镑对美元的比价上升了3美分。 【易混辨析】gain, get, obtain , acquire gain经过较大的努力，通过竞争或斗争而获得(好处、利益等)； get是用得很广泛的词，指经过努力 ， 或无须努力，或没有任何妨碍就能得到； obtain较get正式，多用于书面，使用范围与get相近，一般指通过努力或由于个人有某种要求或愿望而得到； acquire指通过自己的努力，经过一段时间而获得，带有逐渐收集、积累而成的意思。 12.cooperate [kəʊˈɒpəreɪt]  v. 协作; 配合 For another, basketball, a team sport, makes it necessary to cooperate with others. Therefore, I can make many good friends while playing.(应用文之体育类)另一方面，篮球是一项团队运动，需要与他人合作。因此，我可以在玩的时候交到很多好朋友。 【考点拓展】 cooperate with 与……合作 cooperation n. 合作; 协助，配合in cooperation with 与……合作 cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的; 配合的 cooperatively adv. 合作地 operate vt. 操作，经营，管理；vi. 工作，运转，起作用，动手术，经营 operate on给…动手术 operation n. 操作，运作，运转，业务，手术，行动 come into operation实施 operator n. 经营者; 操作员; 电话接线员 ①This famous doctor has operated ________ many important people.(应用文之人物介绍) 这位著名的医生给许多重要人物做过手术。 ②And then in late November, Tilly had an ________(operate) on her leg. (2022•全国甲卷） 然后在11月下旬，蒂莉的腿动了手术。 ③First built in 2005, the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway______________ December, 26th, 2009.(应用文之介绍信) 武汉-广州高铁始建于2005年，2009年12月26日投入运行。 ④He dialled the ________(operate) and put in a call for Rome.(读后续写之细节描写) 他拨了接线员的号，让他接通一个到罗马的电话。 ⑤“Our ________(cooperate) is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira.(2026• 浙江1月卷)“我们的合作充分证明了索尔克研究所的科研工作之所以如此独特且具有深远影响力的原因，”佩雷拉表示。 ⑥In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a ________(cooperate) ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.(2025• 浙江1月卷) 在基质花园中，具有相似文化需求的植物被组合在一起，这样它们就能在地上和地下一起生长，形成一个合作的生态系统，既能节约用水，又能抑制杂草的生长。 ⑦My dad was taken to the ________(operate) room after all kinds of tests, leaving Mom and I waiting anxiously outside.(读后续写之细节描写) 爸爸做了各种检查后被送进了手术室，我和妈妈在外面焦急地等待着。 【一句多译】 如果你和别人真诚合作, 就更容易取得成就。 →①It is easier to achieve something if you ______________________sincerely.(cooperate with) →②It is easier to achieve something if you ______________________ sincerely.（in cooperation with） 【语境串记】 They were cooperative and agreed to cooperate with each other, so we should appreciate their cooperation.他们很合作，并同意相互合作，所以我们应该感谢他们的合作。 13.logic[ˈlɒdʒɪk] n.逻辑，（做某事的）道理；推理方法，逻辑学 First of all, we should have correct professional knowledge and use professional terms to ensure the logic of our language.(应用文之语言类)首先，我们应该有正确的专业知识和使用专业术语，以确保我们的语言的逻辑。 【考点拓展】 logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的 logically adv.逻辑上；合乎逻辑 ①Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its_______(logic) conclusion. (2025• 全国II卷)英国的Silo等餐厅已经尝试过零浪费系统，但wastED将这一概念带到了合乎逻辑的结论。 ②This was the one possibility I hadn't taken into consideration, though_______(logical) I should have.这是一种我没有考虑到的可能性，尽管按道理我本该考虑到的。 14.far[fɑː(r)] adv.远，遥远地；久远地 Far away in the distance, a train whistled.远处有一辆火车鸣笛。 adj.遥远的，久远的；偏远的，极端的 It’s a natural choice for the birds because the poles are similar to trees，tall and far from dangers on the ground.(2025• 浙江卷)这是鸟类的自然选择，因为杆子和树相似，高大，远离地面上的危险。 【考点拓展】 far from远离; 远非 as/so far as远至，一直到；至于；就......而论，至于 as far as sb．／sth．be concerned．就某人／某物而言 so far到目前为止; 就此范围(程度)来说，其后常跟现在完成时态 by far(修饰比较级, 最高级, 表示数量、程度等)...得多; 尤其; 更, 显然地。 how far(离...)多远; 到什么程度(或范围) ①People often link their memory of what they’ve read to__________ into the book it was or where it was on the page.(2024• 新课标I卷)人们通常会把他们对所读内容的记忆与书的深度或在书页上的位置联系起来。 ②____________ I can remember, I’ve always been a night owl.(2026• 全国II卷)据我所知，我一直都是个夜猫子。 ③Well, believe it or not, we__________________________ .(2026• 全国II卷)嗯，信不信由你，到目前为止我们还没碰过水。 ④I agree with you that the open system is ________.我同意你的观点，开放的系统是目前最好的。 【易混辨析】far, distant far指遥远，不表示实际的距离； distant较正式用语，也是科学用语，常用以表示空间和时间的具体距离。 【易混辨析】far away, far away from, faraway, far from far away在句中一般用作后置定语、状语或表语。 far away from只表示距离，away可以省略，from后面要有宾语。 faraway为形容词，意思是“遥远的”，用作定语。 far from除了表示距离遥远之外，还有“远远不、完全不、绝非；恍惚的”之意，此时后可接名词、形容词，或 being +形容词／名词。 15.general[ˈdʒen(ə)rəl] adj.总体的，普遍的，通用的；一般的，常规的 As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.我们很快就会从设计人工智能中学习，人工智能已经超级智能，并且将变得更有能力，从当前一代的“狭义人工智能”转向人工通用智能。 n.上将，将军 The General's visit to the country is part of preparations for the deployment of extra troops.将军造访这个国家是在为增加兵力部署做准备。 【考点拓展】 generally adv.笼统地，大概；通常，普遍地 generally speaking = in general 大体，一般说来 ①The results show that consumers _______(general) trust negative reviews more than positive ones. (2026• 浙江1月卷) 结果表明，消费者通常更信任负面评价而非正面评价。 ②_________________, doctors are held in high regard in most countries.一般来说，在大部分国家医生都深受人们的尊重。 ③But our findings indicate that, ______ general, there’s no trade-off between morality and well-being.(2026• 北京卷) 但我们的研究结果表明，总体而言，道德与福祉之间并无权衡关系。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 1.set[set] v.放，置；使开始；把故事情节安排在；设置；摆放餐具；镶嵌；安排；树立；布置 Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities.(2025• 北京卷)完成许多课程不再带来成功的感觉，因为每年超过四门AP课程是顶尖大学设定的标准。 n.一组（类似的东西） So my team conducted a set of studies to take this challenge seriously.(2026• 北京卷)因此，我的团队开展了系列研究，以认真应对这一挑战。 【图表助记】 set about doing sth. = set out to do sth.着手做某事 set down 写下，记下 set off 出发，动身 引起 set in 开始; 到来; 上涨 be set in以…为背景 set aside 为某种目的而留出 set out出发，动身 set up 建立（事业），成立（组织） set an example做出某种榜样 set foot on/in 到达, 踏上 ①Emily Sanders, a 25-year-old from Detroit, Michigan, ________ on December 23rd with high hopes of reaching Toronto to meet her boyfriend for Christmas.(2026• 全国I卷) 来自密歇根州底特律的25岁女子艾米丽·桑德斯于12月23日满怀希望地启程，打算前往多伦多与男友共度圣诞节。 ②In our house, Mom ______ a sewing area. (2025• 天津卷)在我们家，妈妈布置了一个缝纫区。 ③This is why Campbell has ________ to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place.这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——比这些发展预计发生的时间要早几十年。 ④(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money________ for a college education. 高中毕业后,Jennifer上了当地的一所技术学院,半工半读。因为家里没有多余的钱能留出来负担大学教育的费用。 ⑤ We _________on Monday morning and arrived in Melbourne after a two-hour bus ride, we started with a guided tour of Eureka Tower. (2026• 全国II卷)我们周一早上出发，经过两小时的巴士车程抵达墨尔本，随后开始参观尤里卡塔。 ⑥He set about________(help) homeless women and children to place of safety. 他着手帮助把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。 ⑦As night fell, panic _______.(2026• 全国I卷)夜幕降临，恐慌情绪蔓延开来。 ①set out ②set up ③set out ④set aside⑤set off⑥ helping⑦set in 【易混辨析】set, lay, place, put set一般指把某物垂直着放; lay一般指把某物横着或摊开着放; place指有意识地把某物放在较为确定的位置上,语气庄重; put是最普通的词,指较随意地放,可代替其它几个词。 【熟词生义】 v.(日、月)落沉 Though it was only a short climb，I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.(2021•全国甲卷)虽然攀爬的路程很短，但我发现自己已经完全爬到了山顶上，在夕阳西下的背景下，我看到了斯基多非常清晰的景色。 2.grasp [ɡrɑːsp] v. 抓牢；握紧；领会；理解 I figure that if you lack relevant knowledge of traditional Chinese painting, then grasp this opportunity without hesitation.(应用文之宣传稿)我想如果你缺乏国画的相关知识，那就毫不犹豫地抓住这个机会吧。 n.紧抓，紧握；理解（力），领会 Here are my qualifications. First, a sound grasp of Chinese and English enables me to communicate effectively with people from diverse backgrounds. (应用文之自荐信)这是我的资历。首先，良好的中英文水平使我能够与不同背景的人进行有效的沟通。 【考点拓展】 grasp at攫取 beyond one's grasp力量达不到 within one's grasp力量达得到 have a good grasp of深刻了解 in the grasp of在……掌握中 keep a firm grasp on抓紧 【易混辨析】grasp / master grasp用作动词，意思是“抓住、抓牢；领会、理解”； master用作动词时，意思是“掌握、精通”。 3.drama [ˈdrɑːmə] n.剧本，戏剧；场面 I had no interest in drama, but I’d try out because my friends were doing it. (2024• 北京卷)我对戏剧没有兴趣，但是因为朋友们都在做，我也决定尝试一下。 【考点拓展】 dramatic adj. 戏剧的，戏剧性的; 引人注目的; 突然的; 巨大的； dramatically adv. 戏剧性地，引人注目地; 显著地； dramatize v.编成剧本 ①With human inputs ________(dramatic) reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well.(2025• 浙江卷)随着人力投入的大幅减少，花园的生态可以得到很好的发展。 ②After a ② ________(drama)pause, the lawyer finished her summation.在戏剧性的沉默之后,这位律师作完了她的总述。 ③Don't believe everything she tells you; she tends to ________(drama).她的话不可尽信; 她往往言过其实。 ①dramatically②dramatic③dramatize 【语境串记】 The drama has an interesting plot and a dramatic ending. The weak team won the game dramatically at last.这部戏剧有一个有趣的情节和一个戏剧性的结局。弱队最终戏剧性地赢得了比赛。 4.expense [ɪkˈspens] n. 费用, 代价, 损失, 开支, 费钱之物 He's bought a specially big TV at vast expense so that everyone can see properly.(读后续写之细节描写)他花大价钱买了一台特别大的电视机，这样每个人都能看清楚。 【考点拓展】 at one’s expense 以…… 为代价 at the expense of 由……支付费用；以损害为代价 spare no expense 不惜代价 put sb. to the expense of 使某人花钱做某事 expensive adj. 花费的, 昂贵的 expend v.花费;消耗 ①After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come _______________________.(2025• 北京卷)毕竟，探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。 ②Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is _________(expense). (2025• 全国I卷)氢燃料电池是一种比卡车电池更轻的选择，但制造绿色氢是昂贵的。 ③It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the _________(expend) of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. (2023•北京卷)事实证明，人们对现在有一种偏见，把注意力集中在当下的巨大吸引力上，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和经济稳定。 ④We will __________________________ to protect our surroundings from being polluted.我们将不惜一切代价来保护我们的环境不受污染。 ⑤You don't need to _________(expense) that much time in watching TV.你没必要花那么多时间在看电视上。 ①at the planet’s expense②expensive③expense④spare no expense⑤expend 【易混辨析】 expense,price, fee, cost 【语境串记】 The car is so expensive. It's too much of an expense for me to own that type of car.这辆车太贵了。对我来说，拥有那种类型的汽车花费太大了。 5.behave[bɪˈheɪv]　　　　　　 v. 表现; 行为; 举止 More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. (2024• 北京卷) 更一般地说，社会本能促使我们学习如何在一个复杂的社会世界中表现。 【考点拓展】 behave oneself 规矩一点 behave well 行为规矩, 行为检点, 表现好 behave badly 行为不检点, 表现不好 behaviour n.行为，举止 mind one's behaviour 注意某人的举止 ①With the development of economy, more and more people afford to tour for sightseeing and relaxation. However, __________________. (应用文之发言稿) 随着经济的发展，越来越多的人负担得起观光和放松的费用。 然而，他们中的一些人表现得很差。 ②When I wrote and rewrote that essay, I began to learn ____________________________. I was grateful for the lesson he had taught me.(读后续写之主题升华) 当我一遍又一遍地重写那篇文章时，我开始学习如何表现得更好。我很感激他给我上的一课。 ③ Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past _________ (behave) to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising. (2026• 全国I卷)智能推荐引擎通过分析展品受欢迎程度和游客过往行为等数据，推荐特定的展览和活动，使每次参观都独具特色且充满惊喜。 ④If parents do not teach their child how to behave________(he), he will do anything at will.(应用文之建议信) 如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩，他做任何事情都会我行我素。 ①some of them behave badly ②how to behave well ③behaviour④himself 【易混辨析】behave/ conduct oneself behave意思是“表现”，“举止”，偏重外表方面，如举动和态度、行为的方式和模样等，指显示在人们面前的行动； conduct oneself意思是“为人”、“处己”，偏重道德方面，特别是指品行和在某种精神思想的支配下所表现的行为。 【语境串记】 The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behavior in front of others.这个孩子在课堂上表现得很好，老师在别人面前表扬了他的好行为。 【熟词生义】 n. 性能，特点 It will be many years before anyone can predict a hurricane's behaviour with much accuracy.要能相当准确的预测出飓风的特性尚需多年。 6.surround [səˈraʊnd] v. 围绕，环绕；包围某处 t’s almost surrounded by water.(2025• 全国II卷)它几乎被水包围。 【考点拓展】 surround...with... 用……包围…… be surrounded with/by 被……包围 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境 ①The breathing chamber was surrounded________panels that prevented surface swimming.(2025• 天津卷)呼吸室周围有防止水面游泳的面板。 ②In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the _________(surround) environment. (2024• 新课标II卷)此外，也不需要杀虫剂和其他污染传统农场和周围环境的化学物质。 ③ Much of this lifestyle centers around being outside and knowing the ins and outs of the town; being present and mindful of your _________(surround) is a critical part of the culture.(2026• 全国I卷)这种生活方式的很大一部分围绕着户外活动以及熟悉城镇的方方面面；保持在场并留意周围环境，是这种文化中至关重要的部分。 ①by②surrounding③surroundings 【句式转换】 The tall building in the distance is home to my father's company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees. →①The tall building _____________________________is home to my father's company.(过去分词作定语) →②The tall building______________________________is home to my father's company.(定语从句) ①surrounded by a great many big trees in the distance ②which is surrounded by a great many big trees in the distance 【语境串记】 As a famous pop star, he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding cities. And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers.作为一个著名的流行歌星，他喜欢被这么多从周边城市来看望他的粉丝包围。他也喜欢有绿树和鲜花的美丽环境。 7.depress [dɪˈpres] v. 使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷；使萧条 It depresses me to think that I'll probably still be doing exactly the same job in ten years' time.(读后续写之细节描写)很沮丧地，我认为在十年后我可能还会做着同样的工作。 【考点拓展】 depressed adj. 感到沮丧的 depressive adj. 郁闷的 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的 depression n. 沮丧；不景气 ①Helping the community lowers rates of ______(depress).(2025• 全国II卷)帮助社区降低抑郁症的发病率。 ②After being made fun of, the little girl was ______(depress) and kept silent all the day.在被取笑之后，小女孩很沮丧，整天保持沉默。 ③The house, whose roof was blown off by the wind, is a _______(depress) sight. 这房子的屋顶被风刮走了, 显得很凄凉。 ④Of course, if you already have severe_______(depress) symptoms, then seek help right away.当然，如果你已经有严重的抑郁症状，那么应马上寻求帮助。 ①depression②depressed③depressing ④depressive 【语境串记】 I felt depressed to see the depressing film last night. But after a night, I have been out the depressive mood.昨晚看了那部令人沮丧的电影，我感到很沮丧。但过了一夜，我的抑郁情绪就一直出来了。 8.strong [strɒŋ] adj. 强的; 坚强的; 强烈的; 强壮的 People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. (2025• 北京卷)故事更连贯的人往往有更强的认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、方向和目标感。 adv. 强劲地; 猛烈地; 大大地; 坚强地 【考点拓展】 strongly adv.坚定地；强有力地；强烈地（说服）；（气味）浓重地 strength n. 力量；强烈程度 strengthen v. 加强 ①Probably not, but I’ll do some ______(strong) training this afternoon. There will be more challenges ahead.(2026• 全国II卷)也许不会，但今天下午我会做些力量训练。接下来还有更多挑战等着我。 ②While gendering a product may be good marketing，it may also _________(strong)outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. (2025• 浙江1月卷)性别化产品可能是一种很好的营销方式，但它也可能强化关于权力和身份的过时或有害的观念。 ③Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was _________(strong) discouraged. (2024• 北京卷)因为愤怒的争吵会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。 ①strength②strengthen ③strongly 【易混辨析】strength, power, energy, force strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量,可指体力、力气或抽象的力量。也表示“强项，长处”； power 可指动力、思维能力等各种力量或能力。如（物理学的）动力，电力。也表示“权力，职权”； energy 在物理学定义中为能，能量,用于生理学上指精力。full of energy精力充沛 force 物理学上的“力”；武力，力量；军队。 选词填空 energy , force, power , strength 1.In the end he had to be thrown out of the house by ______. 2. She was full of ______ after her vacation. 3.For a small woman she has surprising_____. 4.I will do everything in my _______ to help you. 1. force 2. energy 3. strength 4. power 【熟词生义】 n. 长处；优势 Redoubling efforts to boost academic performance, we pay little heed to other classmates’ personalities, hobbies, strengths, and even aspirations.(2025• 全国I卷)我们加倍努力地提高学习成绩，很少注意其他同学的个性、爱好、优势，甚至抱负。 【语境串记】 David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen the relationship with him.大卫有一个强壮的身体。他有能力做这项艰苦的工作。我们最好加强与他的关系。 9.deny[dɪˈnaɪ] v. 否认, 拒绝，后面跟动名词 But uncritical devotion to the “way things are done” can also deny us the possibility of better days.(2026• 北京卷) 但若一味盲目遵循“既定的方式”，也可能让我们错失美好未来的可能。 10.optimistic[ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk] adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的 Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(2023•全国甲卷） 感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，更快乐甚至更乐观。 【考点拓展】 be optimistic about 对……乐观 optimism n. 乐观; 乐观主义 optimist　n. 乐观主义者 ①But I was unrealistically ___________what I could achieve. (2024• 北京卷) 但我对自己的成就抱着不切实际的乐观态度。 ②That is why___________(optimistic), the ability to see the positive side of every negative situation, is key to success.(2025• 天津卷)这就是为什么乐观精神——即在每一种不利情况下都能看到积极面的能力——是取得成功的关键所在。 ③If you do, you must be an ___________(optimistic), a leader, an active person who loves life, people and excitement.(应用文之建议信) 如果你做到了，你一定是一个乐观主义者，一个领导者，一个热爱生活、热爱人际关系、热爱刺激的积极的人。 ①optimistic about ②optimism③optimist 【语境串记】 The optimist is usually optimistic about everything.乐观者通常对一切都持乐观态度。 11.gain[ɡeɪn] v.获得，赢得；受益；增加，增长 A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. (2025• 浙江卷)一种新颖的园艺设计方法在世界范围内越来越赢得欢迎。 n.增加；增益；好处，改进 There has been a gain of three cents in the value of the pound against the dollar.英镑对美元的比价上升了3美分。 【易混辨析】gain, get, obtain , acquire gain经过较大的努力，通过竞争或斗争而获得(好处、利益等)； get是用得很广泛的词，指经过努力 ， 或无须努力，或没有任何妨碍就能得到； obtain较get正式，多用于书面，使用范围与get相近，一般指通过努力或由于个人有某种要求或愿望而得到； acquire指通过自己的努力，经过一段时间而获得，带有逐渐收集、积累而成的意思。 12.cooperate [kəʊˈɒpəreɪt]  v. 协作; 配合 For another, basketball, a team sport, makes it necessary to cooperate with others. Therefore, I can make many good friends while playing.(应用文之体育类)另一方面，篮球是一项团队运动，需要与他人合作。因此，我可以在玩的时候交到很多好朋友。 【考点拓展】 cooperate with 与……合作 cooperation n. 合作; 协助，配合in cooperation with 与……合作 cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的; 配合的 cooperatively adv. 合作地 operate vt. 操作，经营，管理；vi. 工作，运转，起作用，动手术，经营 operate on给…动手术 operation n. 操作，运作，运转，业务，手术，行动 come into operation实施 operator n. 经营者; 操作员; 电话接线员 ①This famous doctor has operated ________ many important people.(应用文之人物介绍) 这位著名的医生给许多重要人物做过手术。 ②And then in late November, Tilly had an ________(operate) on her leg. (2022•全国甲卷） 然后在11月下旬，蒂莉的腿动了手术。 ③First built in 2005, the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway______________ December, 26th, 2009.(应用文之介绍信) 武汉-广州高铁始建于2005年，2009年12月26日投入运行。 ④He dialled the ________(operate) and put in a call for Rome.(读后续写之细节描写) 他拨了接线员的号，让他接通一个到罗马的电话。 ⑤“Our ________(cooperate) is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira.(2026• 浙江1月卷)“我们的合作充分证明了索尔克研究所的科研工作之所以如此独特且具有深远影响力的原因，”佩雷拉表示。 ⑥In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a ________(cooperate) ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.(2025• 浙江1月卷) 在基质花园中，具有相似文化需求的植物被组合在一起，这样它们就能在地上和地下一起生长，形成一个合作的生态系统，既能节约用水，又能抑制杂草的生长。 ⑦My dad was taken to the ________(operate) room after all kinds of tests, leaving Mom and I waiting anxiously outside.(读后续写之细节描写) 爸爸做了各种检查后被送进了手术室，我和妈妈在外面焦急地等待着。 ①on ②operation③went into operation on④operator⑤cooperation⑥cooperative⑦operating 【一句多译】 如果你和别人真诚合作, 就更容易取得成就。 →①It is easier to achieve something if you ______________________sincerely.(cooperate with) →②It is easier to achieve something if you ______________________ sincerely.（in cooperation with） ①cooperate with someone else ②are in cooperation with someone else 【语境串记】 They were cooperative and agreed to cooperate with each other, so we should appreciate their cooperation.他们很合作，并同意相互合作，所以我们应该感谢他们的合作。 13.logic[ˈlɒdʒɪk] n.逻辑，（做某事的）道理；推理方法，逻辑学 First of all, we should have correct professional knowledge and use professional terms to ensure the logic of our language.(应用文之语言类)首先，我们应该有正确的专业知识和使用专业术语，以确保我们的语言的逻辑。 【考点拓展】 logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的 logically adv.逻辑上；合乎逻辑 ①Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its_______(logic) conclusion. (2025• 全国II卷)英国的Silo等餐厅已经尝试过零浪费系统，但wastED将这一概念带到了合乎逻辑的结论。 ②This was the one possibility I hadn't taken into consideration, though_______(logical) I should have.这是一种我没有考虑到的可能性，尽管按道理我本该考虑到的。 ① logical②logically 14.far[fɑː(r)] adv.远，遥远地；久远地 Far away in the distance, a train whistled.远处有一辆火车鸣笛。 adj.遥远的，久远的；偏远的，极端的 It’s a natural choice for the birds because the poles are similar to trees，tall and far from dangers on the ground.(2025• 浙江卷)这是鸟类的自然选择，因为杆子和树相似，高大，远离地面上的危险。 【考点拓展】 far from远离; 远非 as/so far as远至，一直到；至于；就......而论，至于 as far as sb．／sth．be concerned．就某人／某物而言 so far到目前为止; 就此范围(程度)来说，其后常跟现在完成时态 by far(修饰比较级, 最高级, 表示数量、程度等)...得多; 尤其; 更, 显然地。 how far(离...)多远; 到什么程度(或范围) ①People often link their memory of what they’ve read to__________ into the book it was or where it was on the page.(2024• 新课标I卷)人们通常会把他们对所读内容的记忆与书的深度或在书页上的位置联系起来。 ②____________ I can remember, I’ve always been a night owl.(2026• 全国II卷)据我所知，我一直都是个夜猫子。 ③Well, believe it or not, we__________________________ .(2026• 全国II卷)嗯，信不信由你，到目前为止我们还没碰过水。 ④I agree with you that the open system is ________.我同意你的观点，开放的系统是目前最好的。 ① how far②As far as ③haven’t touched the water so far④by far the best 【易混辨析】far, distant far指遥远，不表示实际的距离； distant较正式用语，也是科学用语，常用以表示空间和时间的具体距离。 【易混辨析】far away, far away from, faraway, far from far away在句中一般用作后置定语、状语或表语。 far away from只表示距离，away可以省略，from后面要有宾语。 faraway为形容词，意思是“遥远的”，用作定语。 far from除了表示距离遥远之外，还有“远远不、完全不、绝非；恍惚的”之意，此时后可接名词、形容词，或 being +形容词／名词。 15.general[ˈdʒen(ə)rəl] adj.总体的，普遍的，通用的；一般的，常规的 As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.我们很快就会从设计人工智能中学习，人工智能已经超级智能，并且将变得更有能力，从当前一代的“狭义人工智能”转向人工通用智能。 n.上将，将军 The General's visit to the country is part of preparations for the deployment of extra troops.将军造访这个国家是在为增加兵力部署做准备。 【考点拓展】 generally adv.笼统地，大概；通常，普遍地 generally speaking = in general 大体，一般说来 ①The results show that consumers _______(general) trust negative reviews more than positive ones. (2026• 浙江1月卷) 结果表明，消费者通常更信任负面评价而非正面评价。 ②_________________, doctors are held in high regard in most countries.一般来说，在大部分国家医生都深受人们的尊重。 ③But our findings indicate that, ______ general, there’s no trade-off between morality and well-being.(2026• 北京卷) 但我们的研究结果表明，总体而言，道德与福祉之间并无权衡关系。 ①generally②Generally speaking③in 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $