专题03 阅读理解题（复习讲义）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕阅读理解四大核心题型，将细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断考点按知识解构与考向破译系统整合，通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生构建解题思维框架，突破高频易错点，体现复习教学的系统性与针对性。 资料以思维建模与靶向突破为特色，如细节理解题通过定位词优先级分层与多信息交叉比对策略培养学生逻辑分析能力，主旨题依托高频词与转折总结句提升语言理解与概括能力。设置真题溯源与分层练习，助力学生高效掌握解题范式，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

专题03 阅读理解题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 细节理解题 知识解构 知识点1 干扰项与正确答案特征 知识点2 细节定位 考向破译 考向 01 同义替换 考向02 多信息交叉比对 考点二 主旨大意题 知识解构 知识点1 全文主旨 知识点2 段落主旨 知识点3 标题拟定 考向破译 考向 01 转折与总结 考向02 涵盖高频词 考点三 词义猜测题 知识解构 知识点1 同义/反义词 知识点2 逻辑关系 知识点3 构词法 考向破译 考向01 词汇提示 考向02 逻辑关系与构词法相结合 考点四 推理判断题 知识解构 知识点1 细节推断 知识点2 观点态度 考向破译 考向01 逻辑关系 考向02 主旨延伸 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 细节理解题 √ √ √ 主旨大意题 √ √ √ 词义猜测题 √ √ √ 推理判断题 √ √ √ 考情分析 分析近三年高考真题可知，近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力，侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。 话题与考向： (1)个人成长维度：勇敢追梦、接纳自我、不盲从主流、坚持内心节奏、走出舒适区； (2)科技辩证思考：不单纯吹捧 AI，客观分析 AI 局限，强调人类独有能力（批判性思考、情感、人生体验）； (3)生态环保维度：生物多样性、气候保护、可持续消费、二手循环； (4)社会思辨：反思社会主流价值观（优绩主义、内卷式忙碌、数字社交异化）； 文化人文：文学创作、传统文化、跨文化理解、人文科学不可替代性。 复习目标 1. 全面掌握阅读理解四大核心题型的知识点体系、命题规律与解题逻辑，熟练运用各题型专属解题方法与技巧，建立系统化解题思维。 2. 精准识别各类题型的正确答案特征与干扰项陷阱，突破高频易错考向，大幅降低细节失误、主旨偏差、推理过度等典型失分问题。 3. 提升文本信息定位、比对、分析、概括、推理的综合阅读能力，实现做题提速、准确率稳升，适配考试命题难度与出题逻辑。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 细节理解题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 干扰项与正确答案特征 得分速记 核心特征 1：同义替换 原文核心名词、动词、形容词、短语通过近义词、同义短语、同义句式改写，不改变原文逻辑、范围、时态、人物主体。 Eg： 单词互换（long-winded = wordy）； 短语互换（take up = begin to do）； 句式改写（主动↔被动、简单句↔定语从句）。 核心特征 2：多信息交叉整合 答案信息分散在原文2处及以上段落 / 句子，无法通过单一句话直接得出，需要把多处细节合并归纳，单一选项只截取局部内容一定是干扰项。 核心特征 3：客观忠实原文，无主观增删 选项所有信息 100% 能在原文找到对应依据，不扩大范围、不缩小范围、不添加原文不存在的情绪、评价、因果关系；数字、时间、人物身份、限定词完全匹配原文。 易错提醒 陷阱 1：无中生有 选项出现原文完全没有的人物、事件、因果、情绪、解决方案；题干提问维度原文未提及，凭空编造信息。 典型错因：考生凭借生活常识主观脑补，忽略 “所有答案必须原文有依据” 原则。 陷阱 2：偷换概念（北京卷最高频干扰项） 保留原文大部分词汇，仅替换核心限定词、主体、时间、地点、条件，细微改动改变整句话逻辑。 常见偷换对象：主语 / 宾语、数量词（all/some/many）、时态（过去 / 将来）、目的、因果逻辑。 陷阱 3：扩大 / 缩小范围 原文限定局部范围，选项改成全部；原文是部分群体，选项替换为所有人；原文有前提条件，选项去掉条件泛化描述。 例：原文 “部分学生”→选项 “所有学生”；原文 “夏季活动”→选项 “全年活动”。 陷阱 4：答非所问 选项表述完全符合原文事实，但无法回应题干提问角度；原文信息正确，但和题干问题无关。 典型场景：题干问 “原因”，选项是 “事件过程”；题干问 “优势”，选项写弊端。 知识点2 细节定位 得分速记 第一步：划题干定位词，分层抓取优先级 优先级 1（最高）：专有名词（人名、地名、机构、年份、数字、大写缩写）； 优先级 2：特殊名词（文章独有概念、专有术语，如 SQ、rewilding）； 优先级 3：实义动词、抽象核心名词； 次要排除：冠词、介词、连词等虚词不作为定位词。 第二步：回原文精准锁定定位区间 找到定位词所在句子，答题有效区间 = 定位句 + 前一句 + 后一句； 若定位词分散多段，标记全部相关段落，交叉比对信息。 第三步：选项逐词比对，优先匹配同义替换 先排除无中生有、偷换概念选项；剩余选项对比原文限定词、逻辑关系，范围、时态、主体完全一致为正确答案。 易错提醒 1.只匹配单个单词，忽略整句逻辑与限定词：很多干扰项只出现一个原文单词，其余内容全部偷换，考生易仅凭单个词汇误选； 2.多信息类题目只看单一段落，忽略跨段交叉信息：题干答案分散多处，只截取局部会选择片面干扰项； 3.混淆事实与题干提问角度：只判断选项正误，不看是否回答题干，掉入答非所问陷阱。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查同义替换 1.（2026·北京通州·一模） I have always felt a deep pull to travel solo, to let my adventurous spirit lead the way without answering to anyone else. That longing persisted for several years, but family, work, responsibilities — they quieted the voice until it became barely a whisper. Why did the author put off her solo travel for years? A．She was afraid of flying alone. B．Family and duties occupied her life. C．She couldn’t find a suitable place to visit. D．Her family strongly disagreed with her plan. 2.（2026·北京西城·一模） Loved Before The first eco-friendly, fully sustainable soft toy adoption agency “Several years back, during my time as a volunteer at a charity shop, I observed the arrival of second-hand toys at the store. These pre-loved toys, often handed over with cherished memories and emotional significance, were carelessly cast aside, sometimes became dog toys or, even more dishearteningly, destined for the landfill. It became evident to me how the love, lively life, and stories of these eco-toys were at risk of being lost and forgotten in an instant. 考向2 考查多信息交叉比对 1.（2026·北京东城·一模） How to apply for this course? Please submit your application by 31 July 2026. The application process is as follows: ● complete the online application form in English ● upload a personal photo ● upload your profile which highlights your most relevant experience (in English; maximum two pages) If you have any questions, please email us at whl@PNC26.org. To apply for the course, one is required to ________. A．submit a profile with a photo B．introduce related experience C．write an application letter online D．send an email to whl@PNC26.org 2.（2026·北京海淀·三模） Ample research has shown that factors such as confident tones or accents influence how others perceive the speakers. In a hope to see whether this tendency would hold when the only difference was technological distortion, Scholl and his team created audio recordings in which a human voice read one of three scripts. Each script dealt with a different topic: the reader posed as a job applicant, a potential romantic partner or someone describing a car accident. Some recordings were clear; others were manipulated to sound tinny (尖细的) . “If you spend time on Zoom, you probably know tons of people who sound like this,” Scholl says. The researchers recruited 5,000 people online, each of whom listened to one script and then answered simple questions about their judgment of the speaker by rating on a continuous scale. What can we learn about Scholl’s research? A．The script was presented in the original voice. B．It shows perception is subjected to logical thinking. C．Participants believe one’s voice quality matters a lot D．All other factors except sound quality were controlled. 策略归纳 完整答案分散在原文多处，单一句话无法得出结论，必须整合多处细节归纳总结。 考点二 主旨大意题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 全文主旨 得分速记 1.圈全文高频主题词：反复出现的核心名词，文章所有段落围绕该词展开，无主题词选项直接排除； 2.锁定主旨句三大黄金位置：①首段转折句（but/however/yet）；②尾段总结句（so/therefore/ultimately/we can conclude）；③每段段首句串联整合； 3.主旨完整两要素：核心论述对象 + 作者观点 / 态度，缺一不可；只有对象无态度、只有观点无对象均为片面干扰项； 4.选项三筛标准：筛局部细节、筛范围过大、筛偏离作者立场。 易错提醒 1.以段代篇：选项只概括某一个自然段内容，只能算段落主旨，无法覆盖全文； 2.范围失衡：①范围过大：超出文本讨论范畴；②范围过小：只抓取次要分论点； 3.无作者立场：只客观描述现象，缺失文章批判 / 支持 / 倡导的核心态度。 知识点2 段落主旨 得分速记 1.优先看段首总起句、段尾总结句，80% 段落主旨落在首尾； 2.段内出现 but/however/yet，转折后为本段真正中心，转折前是铺垫引子； 3.举例、数据、引用、故事都属于论据，论据不能作为段落主旨； 4.排除细节描写、举例类句子，聚焦观点评价句。 易错提醒 把段落内举例、故事、实验过程当成段落中心；分不清 “论据” 和 “论点”，论据服务于中心，本身不是中心。 知识点3 标题拟定 得分速记 标题三要素筛选法则 1.必须包含全文高频核心主题词，无主题词直接淘汰； 2.兼顾作者核心态度，简洁凝练，不冗长、不片面； 3.对比排除法：两两对比选项，舍弃只讲局部、只讲分论点的选项。 易错提醒 1.标题只抓取文中次要事物，忽略全文核心讨论对象； 2.标题只描述现象，缺少文章核心立场； 3.标题范围过大，脱离文本限定讨论场景。 考●向●破●译 考向一 转折与总结 （2026·北京海淀·三模） 首段： Human identity is a captivating and intricate subject, and the emergence of digital platforms has significantly transformed the way the average person defines themselves. A few decades ago, identity was largely linked to intrinsic traits and one’s role within a community; today it is increasingly entangled with what we consume, especially online. With the widespread availability of diverse media, literature, and learning opportunities, the self is no longer shaped only by lived experience but also by visible symbols—clothes, aesthetics, and cultural preferences that can be displayed and recognized. Identity becomes something curated and performed, constructed through choices that signal belonging. 尾段： Digital culture therefore produces a dual effect. It expands the possibilities for self-expression by offering access to diverse ideas and communities, but it also narrows the self by encouraging individuals to package their identities into recognizable, consumable forms. The central challenge is not the existence of online identity itself, but the tendency to substitute curated images for lived experience. A more grounded sense of self requires moving beyond ready-made labels toward reflection, responsibility, and genuine engagement with others—recovering identity as something lived rather than merely displayed. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Narratives of Social Masks B．The Illusion of Online Closeness C．Identity in the Age of Connectivity D．The Performance of Selves in Public 考向二 涵盖高频词 1.（2026·北京东城·一模） Rewilding is a simple concept: areas of wilderness are identified for restoration, native animals and plants are reintroduced, and natural processes take over. The term was coined in the 1990s. Much like nature, language undergoes continuous transformation. To some, rewilding now incorporates the idea of building “corridors” so that species can cross from one area of wilderness to another, as they would have done in pre-human times. To others, it is about letting “natural chaos” take over, meaning any human interference is prohibited. Why might the average person be drawn to the idea of rewilding? Many hold that nostalgia is behind it. The fact is that most of us can’t say, “Where did all those Red Admiral butterflies go, that were once so common in my back garden?” We cannot recall things that are beyond living memory, let alone a time when wild pigs and deer ran through forests. Indeed, we need not be remotely sentimental (多愁善感) to see why biodiversity is desirable. There are numerous benefits to rewilding, such as restoring natural biodiversity and improving the ecological resilience of damaged landscapes. Actually, at the most pragmatic level, without healthy ecosystems, our crops will fail and obviously we will not survive. A workable food chain must start with pollinators, such as bees and hoverflies. Intensive farming, however, has largely removed the wildflowers they feed on and turned much of our landscape into lifeless soil. Only by reintroducing missing insects, plants and animals can we reverse this trend. The idea of rewilding has certainly caught the public eye, and journalists have played their part in this. Some have warned about the potential terrible consequences. Others have showered praise on the plan of releasing beavers back into streams. Devoting attention to efforts like these is no bad thing, yet rewilding is something different altogether: an entire ecosystem becoming self-regulatory and self-sustaining. Furthermore, if the public are to be persuaded of the benefits of rewilding, they must be confident that journalists are providing the full picture. In Spain’s Guadarrama hills, for example, wolves’ return brings conservation joy but raises local concerns over lost sheep and cattle. Honest discussion about this kind of issue is required. Rewilding projects, it has to be said, do not always go as planned. The idea that we should allow nature to reclaim parts of our landscape is far more divisive than say, any proposal for reducing plastic waste or tackling the illegal wildlife trade. Few people would be blind to the advantages of limiting plastic consumption or argue against protecting elephants. Yet not so long ago, no-one gave a second thought to these things. It took the incredible efforts of a few passionate, principled individuals to educate the majority of us through long campaigning and evidence-based argument. Hopefully, fifty years from now, with ecosystems flourishing again, people will question why our generation ever saw rewilding as debated. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Rewilding: One Step at a Time B．Rewilding: Back to the Unknown C．Rewilding: A Race against Limits D．Rewilding: The Recall of the Wild 2.（2026·北京·三模） I’ve previously written that artificial intelligence operates differently from the human mind. My idea of anti-intelligence is an attempt to describe that difference more precisely. When people hear the prefix “anti,” they tend to assume opposition or inferiority. However, what we’re encountering in large language models (LLM) is not a weaker form of thinking but a fundamentally different architecture operating behind the same medium. A recent paper in Nature Machine Intelligence notes that LLMs often behave in ways that are strikingly realistic in conversation yet remain fundamentally “unhuman” in their underlying structure. The word “unhuman” is well chosen and shares a border with the idea of anti-intelligence. It highlights the strange condition where language that is similar to human expression comes from a system that has none of those human experiences. Human mind isn’t simply a processor of language but a system in which meaning arises from lived experience. When we speak or write, our words carry marks of that experience. The “anti” part of “anti-intelligence” is that LLMs operate without that continuity. LLMs generate sentences through statistical relationships within vast collections of information. I sense that describing this as intelligence stretches the traditional meaning of the word. At the same time, dismissing it as a faulty form of intelligence fails to express what makes the technology remarkable. What we are seeing instead isn’t another variety of cognition (认知) but something structurally different. Anti-intelligence names that distinction. AI uses the same raw material humans do, yet the architecture producing that language runs along a different dimension from human thought. A lot of the current discussion around AI assumes that humans and machines occupy the same range of intelligence. And then, the debate quickly turns to whether machines will outperform us, or when artificial systems might eventually outthink humans. Those questions feel natural because we imagine a single line where intelligence progresses — and where humans and AI sit along points on that single line. But that may be wrong. If AI operates in a different way altogether, the comparison itself becomes misleading. Human cognition brings experience, consequence, and judgment into every thought. Artificial systems bring pattern recognition. When these two interact, the results can be productive and even transformative. Scientific progress often begins with what looks like a mistake. The imaginary number i once appeared to be a mathematical curiosity before it became essential to modern imaging technologies. In such cases, the discovery did not negate what scientists already understood. It expanded the conceptual space in which that knowledge made sense. Anti-intelligence may represent a similar expansion. What LLMs reveal isn’t that machines have become intelligent in the human sense, but that language itself can now operate within a system that has no mind behind it. Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Anti-intelligence: How LLMs Use Statistics to Generate Feelings B．Anti-intelligence: A Call to Stop Comparing Humans and AI C．Anti-intelligence: When Language Operates Without a Mind D．Anti-intelligence: Why LLMs Will Never Understand Us 考点三 词义猜测题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 同义/反义词 得分速记 1.同义线索标志词：that is, in other words, namely, or, i.e., 逗号 / 破折号 / 冒号解释说明；前后并列结构语义相近； 用法：标志词前后词汇互为释义，直接提取同义词作为答案； 2.反义线索标志词：but, yet, however, while, instead, rather than, unlike；前后分句语义对立； 用法：找到对立面词汇，取反向含义即为划线词释义。 易错提醒 只看划线词本身，忽略前后转折 / 并列逻辑；只记忆单词基础义，不结合语境调整语义。 知识点2 逻辑关系 得分速记 四类逻辑线索 因果逻辑：because /so/therefore，原因推出词义，或词义推出结果； 举例逻辑：for example /such as，例子解释抽象词汇； 递进逻辑：besides /furthermore，前后语义同向加深； 让步逻辑：though /although，主句与从句语义相反。 易错提醒 割裂划线词与上下文句子联系，仅凭单词固有含义猜测，忽略语境限定特殊词义。 知识点 3构词法 得分速记 高频构词法汇总 单词 构词类型 解题要点 释义 anti-intelligence 派生法 anti-(反，对立)+intelligence (智力)，否定前缀修饰词根，阅读核心概念词 反智能 multigenerational 派生 + 合成 multi-(多)+generation (一代)+-al (形容词后缀)，多代的 多代同堂的 redemptive 派生法 redeem (救赎)+-tive (形容词后缀)，表具有救赎作用的 救赎性的 impetuous 派生法 im (加强)+pet (冲向)+-uous (形容词后缀)，形容行事冲动 冲动鲁莽的 preventive 派生法 prevent (预防)+-ive (形容词后缀)，作定语表预防性的 预防性的 unbroken 派生法 un-(否定)+break (打破)+-en 形容词后缀，未被破坏的 完好无损的 reimagining 派生法 re-(重新)+imagine (想象)+-ing 动名词，重新构想 重新构想 upcycling 派生法 up (向上，升级)+cycle (循环)+-ing，升级回收 升级再造 negotiation 派生法 negotiate (协商)+-ion 名词后缀，表协商行为 协商 socialization 派生法 social (社会的)+-ize 动词后缀 +-ation 名词后缀，社会化 社会化 self-discipline 合成法 self (自我)+discipline (约束)，合成名词 自律 self-awareness 合成派生 self (自我)+aware (意识到)+-ness 名词后缀，自我认知 自我认知 interconnected 派生法 inter-(相互)+connect (连接)+-ed 形容词后缀，相互关联的 相互关联的 imperfection 派生法 im-(否定)+perfect (完美)+-ion 名词后缀，不完美之处 瑕疵，不完美 unconscious 派生法 un-(否定)+conscious (有意识的)，无意识的 无意识的 desensitised 派生法 de-(去除)+sensitive (敏感)+-ed 形容词后缀，失去敏感度的 麻木的，无感知的 spiritual 派生法 spirit (精神)+-ual 形容词后缀，精神层面的 精神的 innovation 派生法 innovate (创新)+-ion 名词后缀，创新事物 创新 creativity 派生法 create (创造)+-ivity 名词后缀，创造力 创造力 well-being 合成法 well (良好)+being (状态)，合成抽象名词 幸福感 life-changing 合成形容词 life (人生)+change (改变)+-ing，改变一生的 改变人生的 thought-experiment 合成名词 thought (思想)+experiment (实验)，思想实验 思想实验 time-consuming 合成形容词 time (时间)+consume (消耗)+-ing，耗时的 耗时的 life-story 合成名词 life (人生)+story (故事)，人生叙事 人生故事 track-workshop 合成名词 track (专业方向)+workshop 研讨课，专项工坊 专项研讨课 word-count 合成名词 word (单词)+count (计数)，字数统计 字数 document（v.） 转换法 名词 “文件” 转为动词，语境表记录、记载 记录，记载 track（v.） 转换法 名词 “赛道、专业方向” 转换为动词追踪、跟进 追踪 bridge（v.） 转换法 名词桥梁转为动词，弥合（差距） 弥合 model（v.） 转换法 名词模型作动词，建模、模拟 建模，模拟 profile（v.） 转换法 名词个人简介作动词，概述、介绍 概述 shift（n./v.） 转换法 动词转变转为名词，（观念、气味）变化 变化，转变 filter（v.） 转换法 名词过滤器作动词，过滤、渗透 过滤 simplify 派生法 simple (简单)+-ify 动词后缀，简化 简化 predict 派生法 pre (提前)+dict (说)，预先说出→预测 预测 perception 派生法 perceive (感知)+-tion 名词后缀，感知能力 感知 perceptual 派生法 percept (感知)+-ual 形容词后缀，感知层面的 感知的 environmental 派生法 environment (环境)+-al 形容词后缀，环境的 环境的 ecological 派生法 ecology (生态)+-ical 形容词后缀，生态的 生态的 cultural 派生法 culture (文化)+-al 形容词后缀，文化层面的 文化的 spiritual intelligence 合成名词 spiritual (精神)+intelligence (智力)，精神智商 精神智商 social comparison 合成名词 social (社会的)+comparison (比较)，社会攀比 社会比较 social instinct 合成名词 social (社会)+instinct (本能)，社交本能 社交本能 mass-produced 合成派生 mass (大规模)+produce (生产)+-ed，批量生产的 批量生产的 outperform 派生合成 out (超过)+perform (表现)，表现优于 优于，胜过 unforgiving 派生法 un (否定)+forgive (宽恕)+-ing，严酷的、难以承受的 严酷的 empowering 派生法 empower (赋能)+-ing，赋予力量的 鼓舞人心的，赋能的 taboo（v.） 转换法 名词禁忌转换动词，视为禁忌 把…… 列为禁忌 artificial 派生法 art (人工)+-ficial 形容词后缀，人造的 人造的 subjective 派生法 subject (主体)+-ive，主观的 主观的 objective 派生法 object (客体)+-ive，客观的 客观的 consistent 派生法 consist (一致)+-ent 形容词后缀，连贯统一的 连贯的，一致的 consistency 派生法 consistent+-cy 名词后缀，一致性 一致性 interior 派生法 inter (内部)+ior，内部的 内部的 exterior 派生法 ex (外部)+ior，外部的 外部 self-control 合成名词 self 自我 + control 控制，自控 自控力 overarching 派生法 over (全部)+arch (涵盖)+-ing，包罗万象的 涵盖一切的 counterfactual 派生法 counter (相反)+fact (事实)+-ual，反事实的 反事实的 groundbreaking 合成派生 ground 基础 + break 突破 +-ing，开创性的 开创性的 sense-making 合成动名词 sense 认知 + make 构建，意义建构 意义建构 unlikely 派生法 un 否定 + like 相似，不太可能的 不太可能的 unexpected 派生法 un 否定 + expect 预期，出乎意料的 出乎意料的 disruptor 派生法 disrupt 颠覆 +-or 表人，颠覆者 颠覆者 innovator 派生法 innovate 创新 +-or，创新者 创新者 preventive principle 合成名词 预防性原则 预防性原则 scentscape 合成词 scent 气味 + scape 景观，气味景观 气味景观 biodiversity 合成派生 bio 生命 + diversity 多样性，生物多样性 生物多样性 chemical 派生法 chemistry 化学 +-al，化学的 化学的 pollutant 派生法 pollute 污染 +-ant 名词，污染物 污染物 desensitise 派生法 de 去除 + sensitive 敏感 +-ise 动词，使麻木 使麻木 desensitisation 派生法 desensitise+-ation 名词，麻木无感 麻木 interior thought 合成名词 内在想法 内心想法 mental health 合成名词 心理健康 心理健康 leadership 派生法 leader 领导者 +-ship 名词，领导力 领导力 self-respect 合成名词 self 自我 + respect 尊重，自尊 自尊 upcycled goods 合成名词 升级再造物品 升级再造产品 track workshop 合成名词 专项工坊 专业研讨课 weekly assignment 合成名词 每周作业 周任务 group presentation 合成名词 小组展示 小组汇报 video interview 合成名词 视频面试 线上面试 global talent pool 合成名词 全球人才库 全球人才库 airport pickup 合成名词 机场接机 机场接送服务 free-time activity 合成名词 课余休闲活动 业余活动 易错提醒 仅依靠词根词缀直接确定答案，不结合上下文逻辑验证，构词法仅作辅助，语境优先级更高。 考●向●破●译 考向一 词汇提示 1.（2026·北京西城·一模） Pictures and videos of all sorts of animals regularly go viral these days because people connect with the apparent joy, friendship and playfulness of these animals. Unfortunately, the initial enthusiasm of these posts is often squashed by someone rightly noting that the animal’s reaction is not joy or pleasure, but fear, anger or pain. What does the word “squashed” underlined in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Awakened. B．Dampened. C．Misguided. D．Underestimated. 2.（25-26高三下·北京海淀·期末） This personal realization prompts a deeper and more universal inquiry into the nature of originality. If we go by the principle that all ideas are a hodgepodge of other ideas, a natural question arises. Is it possible to trace back and find the original ideas? The first original thought must have been by the first man. Ever since, it has all been one big fake. This definition will take us exactly nowhere, and the debate will end right here. So, let’s stop hunting for an original idea, whatever it may mean. Just think how some fashion brands manage to produce two new couture collections each year. Fashion has mastered the art of showing old as new, and new as old. What does the underlined word “hodgepodge” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Mixture. B．Share. C．Revision. D．Repetition. 考向二 逻辑关系与构词法相结合 1.（2026·北京东城·一模） There are numerous benefits to rewilding, such as restoring natural biodiversity and improving the ecological resilience of damaged landscapes. Actually, at the most pragmatic level, without healthy ecosystems, our crops will fail and obviously we will not survive. A workable food chain must start with pollinators, such as bees and hoverflies. Intensive farming, however, has largely removed the wildflowers they feed on and turned much of our landscape into lifeless soil. Only by reintroducing missing insects, plants and animals can we reverse this trend. What does the word “pragmatic” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Complex. B．Precise. C．Advanced. D．Practical. 2.（2026·北京西城·二模） P5 In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. P7 How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Managing. C．Experiencing. D．Recording. 考点四 推理判断题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 细节推断 得分速记 三大推断原则 1.有据可依原则：所有推断内容必须在原文找到对应细节支撑，无原文依据的主观想象全部错误； 2.拒绝原句原则：选项完全照搬原文原句，属于细节题答案，不是推理题正确选项；推理题一定是原文信息改写、延伸； 3.慎绝对词原则：选项出现 must, all, never, only, entirely 等绝对限定词，大概率为过度推理干扰项；may, might, possibly 等委婉表述多为正确项。 易错提醒 1.过度推理：基于原文细节，额外延伸原文没有的因果、结局、评价； 2.浅层误判：把原文直接陈述事实当成推理结论； 3.常识代入：抛开文本，依靠生活经验主观推断。 知识点2 观点态度 得分速记 1.抓态度载体：形容词、副词、转折句、作者评价句是判断态度核心； 2.区分三类立场：支持赞同、批判反对、中立客观； 3.立场区分核心：严格区分文中人物观点与作者自身观点，二者不可混淆； 4.若全文无褒贬形容词，作者为客观中立态度。 易错提醒 1.将文中采访人物、案例人物的态度等同于作者态度； 2.只抓取局部褒贬词汇，忽略全文整体行文基调。 考●向●破●译 考向一 逻辑关系 1.（2026·北京东城·二模） Two summers ago, in the blue waters off the coast of a small Caribbean island; a sperm whale named Rounder began to give birth. Eleven members of her family slowly gathered around to support her, coming from miles away in their home waters. They called to one another in Morse code-like clicks as they waited for the baby to arrive and in the hours that followed, when they held the baby above water so that she could breathe. Scientists are developing innovations in recording and analyzing their communications that could someday make it possible to understand at least some of what whales say to each other in this extraordinary moment. David Gruber, president of Project CTI — Cetacean (鲸类) Translation Initiative, has gathered dozens of linguists, biologists, roboticists, and experts in artificial intelligence to document the lives and communications of sperm whales. Gruber’s team is working to develop a translation tool, which would transform sperm whale sounds into human words. One result of the research might be a world in which humans “undeniably understand” these creatures’ experience from their own perspectives, and this might breathe new life into whale conservation. Consider, for instance, the problem of ocean noise pollution. Massive marine mammals such as sperm whales depend on highly-specialized echolocation systems to search for food and navigate the vast, lightless zones of the ocean and their highly-developed cerebral neural systems support near-constant communication with companions in their social groups. Thus, sound constitutes an irreplaceable and life-sustaining sensory core for them. Growing human noise — oil and gas exploration, construction, and most of all, ship engine noise — is a clear harm, disturbing the basic activities of sperm whale life. While the evidence of harm is obvious, current laws are far from functional. Existing regulations (法规) provide a legal framework for preventing harm, but noise-related harm is mostly ignored. This is exactly where the breakthrough lies. What if whales were documented not only struggling to make themselves heard above the noise, but actually talking about it? Were a sperm whale heard voicing the pain caused by ship engine noise, its words would likely carry more weight in a court of law than do human descriptions of the problem. Being able to present the whales’ own statement, so to speak, might lead to action being taken. The pursuit to find and translate complex animal communication should not reduce the worth of creatures who don’t appear to have those capacities. We may simply fail to appreciate their intelligence; and the lack of rich communication does not make any life less special. But it would still be incredible, and perhaps transformative, to know what sperm whales say — and this could be seen as an entry point, a beginning rather than a destination, on the journey to appreciating all creatures. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 4 to ________. A．express a doubt B．defend a viewpoint C．question an assumption D．introduce a possibility 2.（2026·北京海淀·三模） During a digital faculty meeting, Brian Scholl, a psychologist and cognitive scientist at Yale University, found himself reacting unexpectedly to two colleagues. One was a close collaborator with whom he usually saw eye-to-eye, while the other was someone he tended to have differing opinions from. On that particular day, though, he found himself siding with the latter. “Everything he said was so rich and resonant,” Scholl recalls. Upon reflection, Scholl realized that there was a key difference between the two men’s messaging: the former used a junky built-in microphone on an old laptop, whereas the latter called in from a professional-grade home-recording studio. Scholl began to suspect that it was the sound quality, rather than the content of their arguments, that had swayed his judgment. It is implied in the first two paragraphs that _________. A．Offline relationships shape judgment in digital meetings. B．The use of microphones may give rise to differing views. C．In-person meetings are more reliable than digital ones. D．Technological factors may color listeners’ view. 考向二 主旨延伸 1.（25-26高三下·北京海淀·期末） The most dangerous myths are the ones we don’t see. Human exceptionalism — the belief that humans are fundamentally superior to the rest of nature — is one of those myths. This worldview is not hidden because it’s obscure — it’s hidden because it’s everywhere, taken for granted, and rarely questioned. But what struck me most is just how thoroughly this belief has infiltrated (渗透) science — an institution meant to challenge our biases, not reinforce them. Take research on self-awareness. For decades, we believed only humans and certain primate species could recognize themselves in mirrors, a supposed benchmark of self-awareness. But the mirror test is biased toward vision. Dogs experience the world primarily via scent. They pass the smell-based mirror test with ease — demonstrating self-awareness in their dominant sense. When we measure the world with a human-oriented ruler, other species inevitably come up short. Many treat human exceptionalism as a natural conclusion. But recent studies in developmental and cross-cultural psychology suggest otherwise. Beliefs in human exceptionalism aren’t an inevitably biological outcome — they instead reflect a cultural worldview. Across repeated studies, when presented with moral dilemmas — such as saving one human or multiple animals — adults overwhelmingly favored humans, even when the trade-off involved 100 dogs or pigs. Children, however, often chose to save multiple animals over one human, valuing human and nonhuman lives far more similarly. This suggests that the human-centred moral frameworks commonly held by adults are not the biological default, but emerge over time through cultural learning — particularly as children become increasingly exposed to the ways other forms of life are used and valued in our society. Research across human cultures also reveals that human exceptionalism is far from universal. Many Indigenous (土著的) and non-Western knowledge systems reject such natural hierarchies. They recognize other animals, plants, rivers, forests, and mountains as kin: sentient, agentive beings embedded in a shared moral and ecological world. Within these frameworks, the notion that humans are separate or superior simply doesn’t hold. While writing my last book, I was introduced to various alternative cosmologies (宇宙观) that reject the ideology of human exceptionalism. These worldviews model ways of living in greater balance with the rest of the natural world. Some today maintain that humans are the most evolutionarily “successful” species. Success, in this view, is measured by ecological dominance. But in reality, the most resilient ecosystems are built on interdependence. We’ve constructed our scientific models around struggle and individualism, even though life on earth is held together by relationships and co-evolution. The real insight comes from humility. Seeing ourselves clearly — not as rulers, but as participants in a larger web — is one of the most urgent scientific and moral challenges of our time. The author mainly suggests ________. A．reevaluating human-nature relationship B．exploring interdependence across species C．acknowledging the limitation of science D．rejecting the idea of evolutionary success 2.（2026·北京东城·二模） I had no idea it was possible to sweat so heavily without engaging in any physical activity. I wasn’t standing at the open door of a plane thousands of feet in the air, ready to jump out into the wild, blue sky. Rather, I was simply sitting on my bed, wearing my most comfortable clothes, and waiting to hit the “Enter classroom” button on my computer. I had signed up for an online language lesson with a Portuguese language tutor. For the past few months, I had been studying the language and I knew video chat was the next best option. As I clicked the button, a friendly face popped up on the screen in front of me. At that moment, my mind froze. Feeling my nervousness, my tutor said something I still remember today, “Learning a new language is like showing your weakness to the world. It can be uncomfortable.” The ice was officially broken. As I’ve progressed along on my language journey, I often think back to her insight. She is right. We take as a given the power to express ourselves freely, and when that power is taken away, we are brought to a place of weakness. Yet if we keep pushing forward despite this weakness, we will unlock a wealth of valuable gains. My three-year-old son has big feelings but has insufficient vocabulary to properly express himself. When I started learning Portuguese, I realized how difficult it must be for him to be understood in the adult world around him. I’m a better parent now. When my husband and I finally visited Portugal and ordered food in Portuguese at a small shop, the server thanked us for taking time to learn their language. Learning Portuguese taught me that attempting to learn someone else’s language shows respect not only for their homeland but for the people themselves. Taking on the challenge of Portuguese has also awakened a fire within me. If you had told me a year ago that I would be taking a writing course, competing in competitions at my gym, or learning about car maintenance, I truly wouldn’t have believed it. Now I deeply believe that challenging yourself can be rewarding in ways you will never know unless you attempt it. What can we learn from the passage? A．It is never too late to learn something new. B．Taking on challenges may bring perfection. C．Leaving the comfort zone offers new visions of life. D．Language learning helps clear up misunderstandings. 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 记叙文 1.（2026·北京·高考真题） After we had twins and became a family of five, my husband and I decided to move from London back to Yorkshire, to be closer to my parents. Around the same time, they sold their house and we decided to build them a bungalow (平房) in our garden. We moved them in with us until the build was complete. Packing up my parents’ house felt like a massive goodbye — that bedroom, those memories, the feeling of safety and shelter I always felt there. That evening, I sat in the living room watching TV, temporarily free of my own responsibilities, lost in nostalgia (留恋). Even though I’m a grown woman in my 40s with my own family, it felt scary not to have “home” to go back to. On our final morning in the house, we took a break from the mind-bending, never-ending work of packing to sit down for that last breakfast. Mum voiced what we were all thinking: It was strange to see the place so empty. I worried that they’d begin to think they’d made a mistake. “How do you feel?” I asked. There was a silence as Dad continued to drink his tea, and I held my breath. “Well, it’s pretty awesome, isn’t it?” he replied. I breathed a huge sigh of relief: I had expected sadness, maybe even doubt, but Dad was already looking to the future. His response had an impact on me. Yes, it was a huge goodbye in so many ways, but it was also the start of something new — an adventure in multigenerational living. I realised this wasn’t about loss at all, but about movement and trust. Hearing Dad’s cheerfulness, I realised that what I’d been seeing as “the end of an era” was actually the start of a new one. Sitting at the table, making my mini sandwich, I realised I was ready for our next chapter. 1．After they had twins, the author and her husband decided to ________. A．visit her parents B．move back to Yorkshire C．rent a house for the family D．raise their children in London 2．During the breakfast, the author worried that ________. A．she might lose her shelter in the future B．there would be too much work in packing C．her parents might regret selling their house D．it would be hard to live a multigenerational life 3．How did the author feel after hearing her dad’s response? A．Uplifted. B．Puzzled. C．Concerned. D．Honoured. 4．What does the story mainly tell us? A．Silence is the best cure for nostalgia. B．Distance makes the heart grow fonder. C．Optimism lights the path for tomorrow. D．Parenting sets the pace of a child’s growth. 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.      One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 1．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged. 2．In her 30s, the author _________. A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings 3．Which word would best describe the author’s dream? A．Confusing. B．Empowering. C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Hard work is the mother of success. C．Dreams are the reflections of realities. D．Creative activities involve being confident. 题组二 说明文 1.（2026·北京·高考真题） Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 1．The author mentions snow in order to _____________. A．illustrate a point B．contrast approaches C．classify objects D．define a concept 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B．Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C．Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D．Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 3．What is implied in this passage? A．Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B．Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C．Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D．Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. 2.（2025·北京·高考真题） The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on 1 January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 1．What can be inferred about personal stories? A．They are unrelated to health. B．Consistent ones lead to stress. C．They are relevant to happiness. D．Thematic ones hold back change. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Talking about gains from failure is negative. B．New Year resolutions are well received. C．The West tends to overvalue optimism. D．Social roles fail to be highlighted. 3．What does the author mainly do in this passage? A．Clarify a goal. B．Analyse an event. C．Make a comparison. D．Illustrate an approach. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How self-identity works. B．How story-tellers are made. C．How personal stories raise doubts. D．How timing affects personal identity. 题组三 议论文 1.（2025·北京·高考真题） Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. My first step of redefining success began with course registrations. It is a well-known fact, especially in my school, that Junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule. When asked why they chose so many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don’t know.” They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities. Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and look at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. 1．Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A．Pressure from choosing AP classes. B．Performance in group interviews. C．Competition with seniors. D．Recognition by colleges. 2．The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A．her own understanding of success B．her desire for academic challenges C．her strong urge to follow the crowd D．her dream of entering a top university 3．Which would best describe the author’s first group interview? A．Dignifying. B．Rewarding. C．Engaging. D．Relaxing. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Everyone is the maker of their own success. B．Success favours those with a golden heart. C．Success knocks at your door only once. D．A college holds the key to success. 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 1．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 2．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 3．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 4．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 细节理解题 知识解构 知识点1 干扰项与正确答案特征 知识点2 细节定位 考向破译 考向 01 同义替换 考向02 多信息交叉比对 考点二 主旨大意题 知识解构 知识点1 全文主旨 知识点2 段落主旨 知识点3 标题拟定 考向破译 考向 01 转折与总结 考向02 涵盖高频词 考点三 词义猜测题 知识解构 知识点1 同义/反义词 知识点2 逻辑关系 知识点3 构词法 考向破译 考向01 词汇提示 考向02 逻辑关系与构词法相结合 考点四 推理判断题 知识解构 知识点1 细节推断 知识点2 观点态度 考向破译 考向01 逻辑关系 考向02 主旨延伸 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 细节理解题 √ √ √ 主旨大意题 √ √ √ 词义猜测题 √ √ √ 推理判断题 √ √ √ 考情分析 分析近三年高考真题可知，近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力，侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。 话题与考向： (1)个人成长维度：勇敢追梦、接纳自我、不盲从主流、坚持内心节奏、走出舒适区； (2)科技辩证思考：不单纯吹捧 AI，客观分析 AI 局限，强调人类独有能力（批判性思考、情感、人生体验）； (3)生态环保维度：生物多样性、气候保护、可持续消费、二手循环； (4)社会思辨：反思社会主流价值观（优绩主义、内卷式忙碌、数字社交异化）； 文化人文：文学创作、传统文化、跨文化理解、人文科学不可替代性。 复习目标 1. 全面掌握阅读理解四大核心题型的知识点体系、命题规律与解题逻辑，熟练运用各题型专属解题方法与技巧，建立系统化解题思维。 2. 精准识别各类题型的正确答案特征与干扰项陷阱，突破高频易错考向，大幅降低细节失误、主旨偏差、推理过度等典型失分问题。 3. 提升文本信息定位、比对、分析、概括、推理的综合阅读能力，实现做题提速、准确率稳升，适配考试命题难度与出题逻辑。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 细节理解题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 干扰项与正确答案特征 得分速记 核心特征 1：同义替换 原文核心名词、动词、形容词、短语通过近义词、同义短语、同义句式改写，不改变原文逻辑、范围、时态、人物主体。 Eg： 单词互换（long-winded = wordy）； 短语互换（take up = begin to do）； 句式改写（主动↔被动、简单句↔定语从句）。 核心特征 2：多信息交叉整合 答案信息分散在原文2处及以上段落 / 句子，无法通过单一句话直接得出，需要把多处细节合并归纳，单一选项只截取局部内容一定是干扰项。 核心特征 3：客观忠实原文，无主观增删 选项所有信息 100% 能在原文找到对应依据，不扩大范围、不缩小范围、不添加原文不存在的情绪、评价、因果关系；数字、时间、人物身份、限定词完全匹配原文。 易错提醒 陷阱 1：无中生有 选项出现原文完全没有的人物、事件、因果、情绪、解决方案；题干提问维度原文未提及，凭空编造信息。 典型错因：考生凭借生活常识主观脑补，忽略 “所有答案必须原文有依据” 原则。 陷阱 2：偷换概念（北京卷最高频干扰项） 保留原文大部分词汇，仅替换核心限定词、主体、时间、地点、条件，细微改动改变整句话逻辑。 常见偷换对象：主语 / 宾语、数量词（all/some/many）、时态（过去 / 将来）、目的、因果逻辑。 陷阱 3：扩大 / 缩小范围 原文限定局部范围，选项改成全部；原文是部分群体，选项替换为所有人；原文有前提条件，选项去掉条件泛化描述。 例：原文 “部分学生”→选项 “所有学生”；原文 “夏季活动”→选项 “全年活动”。 陷阱 4：答非所问 选项表述完全符合原文事实，但无法回应题干提问角度；原文信息正确，但和题干问题无关。 典型场景：题干问 “原因”，选项是 “事件过程”；题干问 “优势”，选项写弊端。 知识点2 细节定位 得分速记 第一步：划题干定位词，分层抓取优先级 优先级 1（最高）：专有名词（人名、地名、机构、年份、数字、大写缩写）； 优先级 2：特殊名词（文章独有概念、专有术语，如 SQ、rewilding）； 优先级 3：实义动词、抽象核心名词； 次要排除：冠词、介词、连词等虚词不作为定位词。 第二步：回原文精准锁定定位区间 找到定位词所在句子，答题有效区间 = 定位句 + 前一句 + 后一句； 若定位词分散多段，标记全部相关段落，交叉比对信息。 第三步：选项逐词比对，优先匹配同义替换 先排除无中生有、偷换概念选项；剩余选项对比原文限定词、逻辑关系，范围、时态、主体完全一致为正确答案。 易错提醒 1.只匹配单个单词，忽略整句逻辑与限定词：很多干扰项只出现一个原文单词，其余内容全部偷换，考生易仅凭单个词汇误选； 2.多信息类题目只看单一段落，忽略跨段交叉信息：题干答案分散多处，只截取局部会选择片面干扰项； 3.混淆事实与题干提问角度：只判断选项正误，不看是否回答题干，掉入答非所问陷阱。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查同义替换 1.（2026·北京通州·一模） I have always felt a deep pull to travel solo, to let my adventurous spirit lead the way without answering to anyone else. That longing persisted for several years, but family, work, responsibilities — they quieted the voice until it became barely a whisper. Why did the author put off her solo travel for years? A．She was afraid of flying alone. B．Family and duties occupied her life. C．She couldn’t find a suitable place to visit. D．Her family strongly disagreed with her plan. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“That longing persisted for several years, but family, work, responsibilities — they quieted the voice until it became barely a whisper.(这种渴望持续了好多年，但家庭、工作、责任——它们让渴望的声音安静下来，直到它几乎变成了耳语。)”可知，家庭和责任占据了作者的生活，使她推迟了独自旅行的计划。 拆解：family, work, responsibilities = family and duties 名词同义替换；搁置旅行的语义同义改写。 2.（2026·北京西城·一模） Loved Before The first eco-friendly, fully sustainable soft toy adoption agency “Several years back, during my time as a volunteer at a charity shop, I observed the arrival of second-hand toys at the store. These pre-loved toys, often handed over with cherished memories and emotional significance, were carelessly cast aside, sometimes became dog toys or, even more dishearteningly, destined for the landfill. It became evident to me how the love, lively life, and stories of these eco-toys were at risk of being lost and forgotten in an instant. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据创始人Charlotte所说“These pre-loved toys, often handed over with cherished memories and emotional significance, were carelessly cast aside, sometimes became dog toys or, even more dishearteningly, destined for the landfill. It became evident to me how the love, lively life, and stories of these eco-toys were at risk of being lost and forgotten in an instant.(这些承载着珍贵回忆和情感意义的二手玩具被随意丢弃，有时沦为狗狗的玩具，更令人沮丧的是，它们最终被送去填埋。我意识到这些环保玩具的爱、鲜活的生命和故事可能瞬间就会被遗忘。)”可知，旧玩具受到的不当对待启发Charlotte创立了Loved Before。 拆解：carelessly cast aside / destined for landfill（随意丢弃、填埋）同义替换improper treatment of old toys。 考向2 考查多信息交叉比对 1.（2026·北京东城·一模） How to apply for this course? Please submit your application by 31 July 2026. The application process is as follows: ● complete the online application form in English ● upload a personal photo ● upload your profile which highlights your most relevant experience (in English; maximum two pages) If you have any questions, please email us at whl@PNC26.org. To apply for the course, one is required to ________. A．submit a profile with a photo B．introduce related experience C．write an application letter online D．send an email to whl@PNC26.org 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“How to apply for this course?”部分中“The application process is as follows: ·complete the online application form in English ·upload a personal photo ·upload your profile which highlights your most relevant experience (in English; maximum two pages) (申请流程如下：·填写英文在线申请表 ·上传个人照片 ·上传突出你最相关经历的简历（英文；最多两页）)”可知，申请该课程需要提交介绍相关经历的简历。故选B项。 信息 1：填写英文申请表、上传照片； 信息 2：上传简历，突出相关从业经历； 整合答案：B．introduce related experience。 拆解：单一句子无法得出 “介绍相关从业经历”，必须整合两段报名要求。 2.（2026·北京海淀·三模） Ample research has shown that factors such as confident tones or accents influence how others perceive the speakers. In a hope to see whether this tendency would hold when the only difference was technological distortion, Scholl and his team created audio recordings in which a human voice read one of three scripts. Each script dealt with a different topic: the reader posed as a job applicant, a potential romantic partner or someone describing a car accident. Some recordings were clear; others were manipulated to sound tinny (尖细的) . “If you spend time on Zoom, you probably know tons of people who sound like this,” Scholl says. The researchers recruited 5,000 people online, each of whom listened to one script and then answered simple questions about their judgment of the speaker by rating on a continuous scale. What can we learn about Scholl’s research? A．The script was presented in the original voice. B．It shows perception is subjected to logical thinking. C．Participants believe one’s voice quality matters a lot D．All other factors except sound quality were controlled. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“In a hope to see whether this tendency would hold when the only difference was technological distortion, Scholl and his team created audio recordings in which a human voice read one of three scripts. Each script dealt with a different topic: the reader posed as a job applicant, a potential romantic partner or someone describing a car accident. Some recordings were clear; others were manipulated to sound tinny (尖细的).(为了探究当唯一差异是技术失真时，这种倾向是否依然存在，朔尔和他的团队录制了音频，由同一人朗读三份文稿。三份文稿主题各不相同，朗读者分别扮演求职者、潜在交往对象以及车祸事件描述者。部分音频音质清晰，其余则被处理成尖细的音效)”可知，研究仅改变音质，控制了音质以外的所有变量。 信息 1：统一朗读脚本，仅调整音质； 信息 2：变量只有音频失真，其余条件全部控制； 正确选项：D．All other factors except sound quality were controlled。 策略归纳 完整答案分散在原文多处，单一句话无法得出结论，必须整合多处细节归纳总结。 考点二 主旨大意题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 全文主旨 得分速记 1.圈全文高频主题词：反复出现的核心名词，文章所有段落围绕该词展开，无主题词选项直接排除； 2.锁定主旨句三大黄金位置：①首段转折句（but/however/yet）；②尾段总结句（so/therefore/ultimately/we can conclude）；③每段段首句串联整合； 3.主旨完整两要素：核心论述对象 + 作者观点 / 态度，缺一不可；只有对象无态度、只有观点无对象均为片面干扰项； 4.选项三筛标准：筛局部细节、筛范围过大、筛偏离作者立场。 易错提醒 1.以段代篇：选项只概括某一个自然段内容，只能算段落主旨，无法覆盖全文； 2.范围失衡：①范围过大：超出文本讨论范畴；②范围过小：只抓取次要分论点； 3.无作者立场：只客观描述现象，缺失文章批判 / 支持 / 倡导的核心态度。 知识点2 段落主旨 得分速记 1.优先看段首总起句、段尾总结句，80% 段落主旨落在首尾； 2.段内出现 but/however/yet，转折后为本段真正中心，转折前是铺垫引子； 3.举例、数据、引用、故事都属于论据，论据不能作为段落主旨； 4.排除细节描写、举例类句子，聚焦观点评价句。 易错提醒 把段落内举例、故事、实验过程当成段落中心；分不清 “论据” 和 “论点”，论据服务于中心，本身不是中心。 知识点3 标题拟定 得分速记 标题三要素筛选法则 1.必须包含全文高频核心主题词，无主题词直接淘汰； 2.兼顾作者核心态度，简洁凝练，不冗长、不片面； 3.对比排除法：两两对比选项，舍弃只讲局部、只讲分论点的选项。 易错提醒 1.标题只抓取文中次要事物，忽略全文核心讨论对象； 2.标题只描述现象，缺少文章核心立场； 3.标题范围过大，脱离文本限定讨论场景。 考●向●破●译 考向一 转折与总结 （2026·北京海淀·三模） 首段： Human identity is a captivating and intricate subject, and the emergence of digital platforms has significantly transformed the way the average person defines themselves. A few decades ago, identity was largely linked to intrinsic traits and one’s role within a community; today it is increasingly entangled with what we consume, especially online. With the widespread availability of diverse media, literature, and learning opportunities, the self is no longer shaped only by lived experience but also by visible symbols—clothes, aesthetics, and cultural preferences that can be displayed and recognized. Identity becomes something curated and performed, constructed through choices that signal belonging. 尾段： Digital culture therefore produces a dual effect. It expands the possibilities for self-expression by offering access to diverse ideas and communities, but it also narrows the self by encouraging individuals to package their identities into recognizable, consumable forms. The central challenge is not the existence of online identity itself, but the tendency to substitute curated images for lived experience. A more grounded sense of self requires moving beyond ready-made labels toward reflection, responsibility, and genuine engagement with others—recovering identity as something lived rather than merely displayed. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Narratives of Social Masks B．The Illusion of Online Closeness C．Identity in the Age of Connectivity D．The Performance of Selves in Public 【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。首段转折 + 尾段总结：数字消费塑造身份，网络圈层固化认知，需脱离标签回归真实； 根据第一段“Human identity is a captivating and intricate subject, and the emergence of digital platforms has significantly transformed the way the average person defines themselves.(人的身份是一个极具吸引力且复杂多变的话题，而数字平台的出现则极大地改变了普通人自我定义的方式)”结合文章主要说明了数字平台改变人们自我界定方式，身份依托消费打造呈现。网络圈层固化认知，消费主义弱化真实自我。网络拓宽表达空间，也局限自我，人们应脱离标签，回归真实生活构建本心身份。可知，C选项“连接时代的身份问题”最符合文章标题。 考向二 涵盖高频词 1.（2026·北京东城·一模） Rewilding is a simple concept: areas of wilderness are identified for restoration, native animals and plants are reintroduced, and natural processes take over. The term was coined in the 1990s. Much like nature, language undergoes continuous transformation. To some, rewilding now incorporates the idea of building “corridors” so that species can cross from one area of wilderness to another, as they would have done in pre-human times. To others, it is about letting “natural chaos” take over, meaning any human interference is prohibited. Why might the average person be drawn to the idea of rewilding? Many hold that nostalgia is behind it. The fact is that most of us can’t say, “Where did all those Red Admiral butterflies go, that were once so common in my back garden?” We cannot recall things that are beyond living memory, let alone a time when wild pigs and deer ran through forests. Indeed, we need not be remotely sentimental (多愁善感) to see why biodiversity is desirable. There are numerous benefits to rewilding, such as restoring natural biodiversity and improving the ecological resilience of damaged landscapes. Actually, at the most pragmatic level, without healthy ecosystems, our crops will fail and obviously we will not survive. A workable food chain must start with pollinators, such as bees and hoverflies. Intensive farming, however, has largely removed the wildflowers they feed on and turned much of our landscape into lifeless soil. Only by reintroducing missing insects, plants and animals can we reverse this trend. The idea of rewilding has certainly caught the public eye, and journalists have played their part in this. Some have warned about the potential terrible consequences. Others have showered praise on the plan of releasing beavers back into streams. Devoting attention to efforts like these is no bad thing, yet rewilding is something different altogether: an entire ecosystem becoming self-regulatory and self-sustaining. Furthermore, if the public are to be persuaded of the benefits of rewilding, they must be confident that journalists are providing the full picture. In Spain’s Guadarrama hills, for example, wolves’ return brings conservation joy but raises local concerns over lost sheep and cattle. Honest discussion about this kind of issue is required. Rewilding projects, it has to be said, do not always go as planned. The idea that we should allow nature to reclaim parts of our landscape is far more divisive than say, any proposal for reducing plastic waste or tackling the illegal wildlife trade. Few people would be blind to the advantages of limiting plastic consumption or argue against protecting elephants. Yet not so long ago, no-one gave a second thought to these things. It took the incredible efforts of a few passionate, principled individuals to educate the majority of us through long campaigning and evidence-based argument. Hopefully, fifty years from now, with ecosystems flourishing again, people will question why our generation ever saw rewilding as debated. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Rewilding: One Step at a Time B．Rewilding: Back to the Unknown C．Rewilding: A Race against Limits D．Rewilding: The Recall of the Wild 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后第一段“Rewilding projects, it has to be said, do not always go as planned. The idea that we should allow nature to reclaim parts of our landscape is far more divisive than say, any proposal for reducing plastic waste or tackling the illegal wildlife trade. Few people would be blind to the advantages of limiting plastic consumption or argue against protecting elephants. Yet not so long ago, no-one gave a second thought to these things. It took the incredible efforts of a few passionate, principled individuals to educate the majority of us through long campaigning and evidence-based argument. Hopefully, fifty years from now, with ecosystems flourishing again, people will question why our generation ever saw rewilding as debated. (必须承认，再野生化项目并非总能按预期进行。我们应当让大自然重新占据我们这片土地一部分的理念，比诸如减少塑料废弃物或打击非法野生动物交易之类的提议更具争议性。很少有人会无视限制塑料使用所带来的好处，也不会有人反对保护大象。然而，就在不久前，这些事情还从未引起过人们的关注。需要一些充满激情且坚守原则的个人付出巨大的努力，通过长期的宣传和基于证据的论证来让大多数人了解这些道理。希望五十年后，当生态系统再次繁荣起来时，人们会质疑我们这一代人为何会将退化自然视为一个有争议的话题。)”可知，文章主要讨论了野化重建的定义，大众对此的看法、误解，以及其生态价值、现实意义，最后作者强调了野化项目并非总能如愿，曾经的环保理念都经历漫长普及过程，野化重建同样需要时间、耐心、逐步发展，不能急于求成，过程充满争议，要循序渐进。因此推断A项“再野生化：一步一步来”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 2.（2026·北京·三模） I’ve previously written that artificial intelligence operates differently from the human mind. My idea of anti-intelligence is an attempt to describe that difference more precisely. When people hear the prefix “anti,” they tend to assume opposition or inferiority. However, what we’re encountering in large language models (LLM) is not a weaker form of thinking but a fundamentally different architecture operating behind the same medium. A recent paper in Nature Machine Intelligence notes that LLMs often behave in ways that are strikingly realistic in conversation yet remain fundamentally “unhuman” in their underlying structure. The word “unhuman” is well chosen and shares a border with the idea of anti-intelligence. It highlights the strange condition where language that is similar to human expression comes from a system that has none of those human experiences. Human mind isn’t simply a processor of language but a system in which meaning arises from lived experience. When we speak or write, our words carry marks of that experience. The “anti” part of “anti-intelligence” is that LLMs operate without that continuity. LLMs generate sentences through statistical relationships within vast collections of information. I sense that describing this as intelligence stretches the traditional meaning of the word. At the same time, dismissing it as a faulty form of intelligence fails to express what makes the technology remarkable. What we are seeing instead isn’t another variety of cognition (认知) but something structurally different. Anti-intelligence names that distinction. AI uses the same raw material humans do, yet the architecture producing that language runs along a different dimension from human thought. A lot of the current discussion around AI assumes that humans and machines occupy the same range of intelligence. And then, the debate quickly turns to whether machines will outperform us, or when artificial systems might eventually outthink humans. Those questions feel natural because we imagine a single line where intelligence progresses — and where humans and AI sit along points on that single line. But that may be wrong. If AI operates in a different way altogether, the comparison itself becomes misleading. Human cognition brings experience, consequence, and judgment into every thought. Artificial systems bring pattern recognition. When these two interact, the results can be productive and even transformative. Scientific progress often begins with what looks like a mistake. The imaginary number i once appeared to be a mathematical curiosity before it became essential to modern imaging technologies. In such cases, the discovery did not negate what scientists already understood. It expanded the conceptual space in which that knowledge made sense. Anti-intelligence may represent a similar expansion. What LLMs reveal isn’t that machines have become intelligent in the human sense, but that language itself can now operate within a system that has no mind behind it. Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Anti-intelligence: How LLMs Use Statistics to Generate Feelings B．Anti-intelligence: A Call to Stop Comparing Humans and AI C．Anti-intelligence: When Language Operates Without a Mind D．Anti-intelligence: Why LLMs Will Never Understand Us 【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。全文高频词：LLM、language without mind、anti-intelligence；文章开篇提出“反智能”概念，指出大语言模型的架构与人类思维根本不同；第二、三段强调其运作缺乏内心体验和连续性；最后一段以虚数i作类比，指出“反智能”是对知识概念的扩展，并总结道“What LLMs reveal isn’t that machines have become intelligent in the human sense, but that language itself can now operate within a system that has no mind behind it. (大语言模型所揭示的，并不是机器已经具备了人类意义上的智能，而是语言本身现在可以在一个背后没有心智的系统中运作。)”，全文围绕“反智能”展开，核心观点是语言可以在没有思维支撑的系统中运作。C项“反智能：当语言在没有心智的系统中运作”准确概括了这一核心观点，是文章的最佳标题。 考点三 词义猜测题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 同义/反义词 得分速记 1.同义线索标志词：that is, in other words, namely, or, i.e., 逗号 / 破折号 / 冒号解释说明；前后并列结构语义相近； 用法：标志词前后词汇互为释义，直接提取同义词作为答案； 2.反义线索标志词：but, yet, however, while, instead, rather than, unlike；前后分句语义对立； 用法：找到对立面词汇，取反向含义即为划线词释义。 易错提醒 只看划线词本身，忽略前后转折 / 并列逻辑；只记忆单词基础义，不结合语境调整语义。 知识点2 逻辑关系 得分速记 四类逻辑线索 因果逻辑：because /so/therefore，原因推出词义，或词义推出结果； 举例逻辑：for example /such as，例子解释抽象词汇； 递进逻辑：besides /furthermore，前后语义同向加深； 让步逻辑：though /although，主句与从句语义相反。 易错提醒 割裂划线词与上下文句子联系，仅凭单词固有含义猜测，忽略语境限定特殊词义。 知识点 3构词法 得分速记 高频构词法汇总 单词 构词类型 解题要点 释义 anti-intelligence 派生法 anti-(反，对立)+intelligence (智力)，否定前缀修饰词根，阅读核心概念词 反智能 multigenerational 派生 + 合成 multi-(多)+generation (一代)+-al (形容词后缀)，多代的 多代同堂的 redemptive 派生法 redeem (救赎)+-tive (形容词后缀)，表具有救赎作用的 救赎性的 impetuous 派生法 im (加强)+pet (冲向)+-uous (形容词后缀)，形容行事冲动 冲动鲁莽的 preventive 派生法 prevent (预防)+-ive (形容词后缀)，作定语表预防性的 预防性的 unbroken 派生法 un-(否定)+break (打破)+-en 形容词后缀，未被破坏的 完好无损的 reimagining 派生法 re-(重新)+imagine (想象)+-ing 动名词，重新构想 重新构想 upcycling 派生法 up (向上，升级)+cycle (循环)+-ing，升级回收 升级再造 negotiation 派生法 negotiate (协商)+-ion 名词后缀，表协商行为 协商 socialization 派生法 social (社会的)+-ize 动词后缀 +-ation 名词后缀，社会化 社会化 self-discipline 合成法 self (自我)+discipline (约束)，合成名词 自律 self-awareness 合成派生 self (自我)+aware (意识到)+-ness 名词后缀，自我认知 自我认知 interconnected 派生法 inter-(相互)+connect (连接)+-ed 形容词后缀，相互关联的 相互关联的 imperfection 派生法 im-(否定)+perfect (完美)+-ion 名词后缀，不完美之处 瑕疵，不完美 unconscious 派生法 un-(否定)+conscious (有意识的)，无意识的 无意识的 desensitised 派生法 de-(去除)+sensitive (敏感)+-ed 形容词后缀，失去敏感度的 麻木的，无感知的 spiritual 派生法 spirit (精神)+-ual 形容词后缀，精神层面的 精神的 innovation 派生法 innovate (创新)+-ion 名词后缀，创新事物 创新 creativity 派生法 create (创造)+-ivity 名词后缀，创造力 创造力 well-being 合成法 well (良好)+being (状态)，合成抽象名词 幸福感 life-changing 合成形容词 life (人生)+change (改变)+-ing，改变一生的 改变人生的 thought-experiment 合成名词 thought (思想)+experiment (实验)，思想实验 思想实验 time-consuming 合成形容词 time (时间)+consume (消耗)+-ing，耗时的 耗时的 life-story 合成名词 life (人生)+story (故事)，人生叙事 人生故事 track-workshop 合成名词 track (专业方向)+workshop 研讨课，专项工坊 专项研讨课 word-count 合成名词 word (单词)+count (计数)，字数统计 字数 document（v.） 转换法 名词 “文件” 转为动词，语境表记录、记载 记录，记载 track（v.） 转换法 名词 “赛道、专业方向” 转换为动词追踪、跟进 追踪 bridge（v.） 转换法 名词桥梁转为动词，弥合（差距） 弥合 model（v.） 转换法 名词模型作动词，建模、模拟 建模，模拟 profile（v.） 转换法 名词个人简介作动词，概述、介绍 概述 shift（n./v.） 转换法 动词转变转为名词，（观念、气味）变化 变化，转变 filter（v.） 转换法 名词过滤器作动词，过滤、渗透 过滤 simplify 派生法 simple (简单)+-ify 动词后缀，简化 简化 predict 派生法 pre (提前)+dict (说)，预先说出→预测 预测 perception 派生法 perceive (感知)+-tion 名词后缀，感知能力 感知 perceptual 派生法 percept (感知)+-ual 形容词后缀，感知层面的 感知的 environmental 派生法 environment (环境)+-al 形容词后缀，环境的 环境的 ecological 派生法 ecology (生态)+-ical 形容词后缀，生态的 生态的 cultural 派生法 culture (文化)+-al 形容词后缀，文化层面的 文化的 spiritual intelligence 合成名词 spiritual (精神)+intelligence (智力)，精神智商 精神智商 social comparison 合成名词 social (社会的)+comparison (比较)，社会攀比 社会比较 social instinct 合成名词 social (社会)+instinct (本能)，社交本能 社交本能 mass-produced 合成派生 mass (大规模)+produce (生产)+-ed，批量生产的 批量生产的 outperform 派生合成 out (超过)+perform (表现)，表现优于 优于，胜过 unforgiving 派生法 un (否定)+forgive (宽恕)+-ing，严酷的、难以承受的 严酷的 empowering 派生法 empower (赋能)+-ing，赋予力量的 鼓舞人心的，赋能的 taboo（v.） 转换法 名词禁忌转换动词，视为禁忌 把…… 列为禁忌 artificial 派生法 art (人工)+-ficial 形容词后缀，人造的 人造的 subjective 派生法 subject (主体)+-ive，主观的 主观的 objective 派生法 object (客体)+-ive，客观的 客观的 consistent 派生法 consist (一致)+-ent 形容词后缀，连贯统一的 连贯的，一致的 consistency 派生法 consistent+-cy 名词后缀，一致性 一致性 interior 派生法 inter (内部)+ior，内部的 内部的 exterior 派生法 ex (外部)+ior，外部的 外部 self-control 合成名词 self 自我 + control 控制，自控 自控力 overarching 派生法 over (全部)+arch (涵盖)+-ing，包罗万象的 涵盖一切的 counterfactual 派生法 counter (相反)+fact (事实)+-ual，反事实的 反事实的 groundbreaking 合成派生 ground 基础 + break 突破 +-ing，开创性的 开创性的 sense-making 合成动名词 sense 认知 + make 构建，意义建构 意义建构 unlikely 派生法 un 否定 + like 相似，不太可能的 不太可能的 unexpected 派生法 un 否定 + expect 预期，出乎意料的 出乎意料的 disruptor 派生法 disrupt 颠覆 +-or 表人，颠覆者 颠覆者 innovator 派生法 innovate 创新 +-or，创新者 创新者 preventive principle 合成名词 预防性原则 预防性原则 scentscape 合成词 scent 气味 + scape 景观，气味景观 气味景观 biodiversity 合成派生 bio 生命 + diversity 多样性，生物多样性 生物多样性 chemical 派生法 chemistry 化学 +-al，化学的 化学的 pollutant 派生法 pollute 污染 +-ant 名词，污染物 污染物 desensitise 派生法 de 去除 + sensitive 敏感 +-ise 动词，使麻木 使麻木 desensitisation 派生法 desensitise+-ation 名词，麻木无感 麻木 interior thought 合成名词 内在想法 内心想法 mental health 合成名词 心理健康 心理健康 leadership 派生法 leader 领导者 +-ship 名词，领导力 领导力 self-respect 合成名词 self 自我 + respect 尊重，自尊 自尊 upcycled goods 合成名词 升级再造物品 升级再造产品 track workshop 合成名词 专项工坊 专业研讨课 weekly assignment 合成名词 每周作业 周任务 group presentation 合成名词 小组展示 小组汇报 video interview 合成名词 视频面试 线上面试 global talent pool 合成名词 全球人才库 全球人才库 airport pickup 合成名词 机场接机 机场接送服务 free-time activity 合成名词 课余休闲活动 业余活动 易错提醒 仅依靠词根词缀直接确定答案，不结合上下文逻辑验证，构词法仅作辅助，语境优先级更高。 考●向●破●译 考向一 词汇提示 1.（2026·北京西城·一模） Pictures and videos of all sorts of animals regularly go viral these days because people connect with the apparent joy, friendship and playfulness of these animals. Unfortunately, the initial enthusiasm of these posts is often squashed by someone rightly noting that the animal’s reaction is not joy or pleasure, but fear, anger or pain. What does the word “squashed” underlined in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Awakened. B．Dampened. C．Misguided. D．Underestimated. 【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Pictures and videos of all sorts of animals regularly go viral these days because people connect with the apparent joy, friendship and playfulness of these animals. Unfortunately, the initial enthusiasm of these posts is often squashed by someone rightly noting that the animal’s reaction is not joy or pleasure, but fear, anger or pain.(如今，各类动物的图片和视频时常在网上疯传，因为人们会被这些动物流露出的喜悦、友谊和嬉戏感所打动。不幸的是，这些帖子的最初热情常常被一些人_____，他们有理有据地指出，动物的反应不是喜悦或快乐，而是恐惧、愤怒或痛苦)”可知，动物的反应是恐惧、愤怒或痛苦，而不是人们所以为的喜悦或快乐，因此人们对这些帖子的热情会减弱，故划线词squashed意为“减弱，受到抑制”，与“Dampened”意思相近。 2.（25-26高三下·北京海淀·期末） This personal realization prompts a deeper and more universal inquiry into the nature of originality. If we go by the principle that all ideas are a hodgepodge of other ideas, a natural question arises. Is it possible to trace back and find the original ideas? The first original thought must have been by the first man. Ever since, it has all been one big fake. This definition will take us exactly nowhere, and the debate will end right here. So, let’s stop hunting for an original idea, whatever it may mean. Just think how some fashion brands manage to produce two new couture collections each year. Fashion has mastered the art of showing old as new, and new as old. What does the underlined word “hodgepodge” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Mixture. B．Share. C．Revision. D．Repetition. 【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“If we go by the principle that all ideas are a hodgepodge of other ideas, a natural question arises. (如果我们遵循所有想法都是其他想法的hodgepodge这一原则，一个自然的问题就出现了。)”，结合下文“The first original thought must have been by the first man. Ever since, it has all been one big fake. (第一个原创想法一定是第一个人的。自那以后，一切都成了一个大的仿制品。)”以及第四段中“The approach to originality that I suggest is that all ideas are a byproduct of other ideas, and what truly matters is the intention you hold behind those ideas. (我提出的关于原创性的方法是：所有想法都是其他想法的副产品，真正重要的是你在这些想法背后所持有的意图。)”可知，作者认为所有的想法都是其他想法的副产品，是其他想法的混合，“hodgepodge”意为“混合物、大杂烩”，与mixture同义。 考向二 逻辑关系与构词法相结合 1.（2026·北京东城·一模） There are numerous benefits to rewilding, such as restoring natural biodiversity and improving the ecological resilience of damaged landscapes. Actually, at the most pragmatic level, without healthy ecosystems, our crops will fail and obviously we will not survive. A workable food chain must start with pollinators, such as bees and hoverflies. Intensive farming, however, has largely removed the wildflowers they feed on and turned much of our landscape into lifeless soil. Only by reintroducing missing insects, plants and animals can we reverse this trend. What does the word “pragmatic” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Complex. B．Precise. C．Advanced. D．Practical. 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。划线词前文“There are numerous benefits to rewilding, such as restoring natural biodiversity and improving the ecological resilience of damaged landscapes. (再野生化有很多好处，比如恢复自然生物多样性和改善受损景观的生态恢复能力。)”谈论的是再野生化对环境和生态的影响，是宏观方面的意义，而后文“without healthy ecosystems, our crops will fail and obviously we will not survive (没有健康的生态系统，我们的庄稼就会歉收，显然我们将无法生存)”强调了健康生态系统对我们生存的实际重要性，前后形成对比。由此可推知，“at the most pragmatic level”指的是“在最实际的层面上”，故划线词pragmatic意为“实际的”。故选D项。 2.（2026·北京西城·二模） P5 In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. P7 How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Managing. C．Experiencing. D．Recording. 【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据原文第七段“The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. (这些社交图谱在大脑中扎根越深刻，我们就越擅长brokering社群人际关系。)” 及原文第五段“In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. (在一项研究中我们发现，那些跻身社交顶层的人，并不是最有魅力或最外向的人，而是最擅长绘制社交认知图谱的人。)”可知，社交认知图谱构建得越完善，就越能处理好人际关系，故此处brokering意为 “打理、维系、经营”，与Managing同义。 考点四 推理判断题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 细节推断 得分速记 三大推断原则 1.有据可依原则：所有推断内容必须在原文找到对应细节支撑，无原文依据的主观想象全部错误； 2.拒绝原句原则：选项完全照搬原文原句，属于细节题答案，不是推理题正确选项；推理题一定是原文信息改写、延伸； 3.慎绝对词原则：选项出现 must, all, never, only, entirely 等绝对限定词，大概率为过度推理干扰项；may, might, possibly 等委婉表述多为正确项。 易错提醒 1.过度推理：基于原文细节，额外延伸原文没有的因果、结局、评价； 2.浅层误判：把原文直接陈述事实当成推理结论； 3.常识代入：抛开文本，依靠生活经验主观推断。 知识点2 观点态度 得分速记 1.抓态度载体：形容词、副词、转折句、作者评价句是判断态度核心； 2.区分三类立场：支持赞同、批判反对、中立客观； 3.立场区分核心：严格区分文中人物观点与作者自身观点，二者不可混淆； 4.若全文无褒贬形容词，作者为客观中立态度。 易错提醒 1.将文中采访人物、案例人物的态度等同于作者态度； 2.只抓取局部褒贬词汇，忽略全文整体行文基调。 考●向●破●译 考向一 逻辑关系 1.（2026·北京东城·二模） Two summers ago, in the blue waters off the coast of a small Caribbean island; a sperm whale named Rounder began to give birth. Eleven members of her family slowly gathered around to support her, coming from miles away in their home waters. They called to one another in Morse code-like clicks as they waited for the baby to arrive and in the hours that followed, when they held the baby above water so that she could breathe. Scientists are developing innovations in recording and analyzing their communications that could someday make it possible to understand at least some of what whales say to each other in this extraordinary moment. David Gruber, president of Project CTI — Cetacean (鲸类) Translation Initiative, has gathered dozens of linguists, biologists, roboticists, and experts in artificial intelligence to document the lives and communications of sperm whales. Gruber’s team is working to develop a translation tool, which would transform sperm whale sounds into human words. One result of the research might be a world in which humans “undeniably understand” these creatures’ experience from their own perspectives, and this might breathe new life into whale conservation. Consider, for instance, the problem of ocean noise pollution. Massive marine mammals such as sperm whales depend on highly-specialized echolocation systems to search for food and navigate the vast, lightless zones of the ocean and their highly-developed cerebral neural systems support near-constant communication with companions in their social groups. Thus, sound constitutes an irreplaceable and life-sustaining sensory core for them. Growing human noise — oil and gas exploration, construction, and most of all, ship engine noise — is a clear harm, disturbing the basic activities of sperm whale life. While the evidence of harm is obvious, current laws are far from functional. Existing regulations (法规) provide a legal framework for preventing harm, but noise-related harm is mostly ignored. This is exactly where the breakthrough lies. What if whales were documented not only struggling to make themselves heard above the noise, but actually talking about it? Were a sperm whale heard voicing the pain caused by ship engine noise, its words would likely carry more weight in a court of law than do human descriptions of the problem. Being able to present the whales’ own statement, so to speak, might lead to action being taken. The pursuit to find and translate complex animal communication should not reduce the worth of creatures who don’t appear to have those capacities. We may simply fail to appreciate their intelligence; and the lack of rich communication does not make any life less special. But it would still be incredible, and perhaps transformative, to know what sperm whales say — and this could be seen as an entry point, a beginning rather than a destination, on the journey to appreciating all creatures. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 4 to ________. A．express a doubt B．defend a viewpoint C．question an assumption D．introduce a possibility 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据上文“While the evidence of harm is obvious, current laws are far from functional. Existing regulations (法规) provide a legal framework for preventing harm, but noise-related harm is mostly ignored. This is exactly where the breakthrough lies.(尽管危害的证据显而易见，但现行法律远远起不到实际作用。现有法规虽搭建了防范危害的法律框架，却基本忽视了噪音造成的危害。而这恰恰是可以取得突破的关键所在。)”可知，上文说现有法规忽视海洋噪音伤害；接着提出假设：如果我们记录到鲸鱼不只是费力发声，还能主动诉说噪音带来的困扰会怎样？由此可知，第四段划线句子的作用是引出一种可能性（假设情景，引出“读懂鲸类心声或将推动法律和保护行动”这一可能）。 2.（2026·北京海淀·三模） During a digital faculty meeting, Brian Scholl, a psychologist and cognitive scientist at Yale University, found himself reacting unexpectedly to two colleagues. One was a close collaborator with whom he usually saw eye-to-eye, while the other was someone he tended to have differing opinions from. On that particular day, though, he found himself siding with the latter. “Everything he said was so rich and resonant,” Scholl recalls. Upon reflection, Scholl realized that there was a key difference between the two men’s messaging: the former used a junky built-in microphone on an old laptop, whereas the latter called in from a professional-grade home-recording studio. Scholl began to suspect that it was the sound quality, rather than the content of their arguments, that had swayed his judgment. It is implied in the first two paragraphs that _________. A．Offline relationships shape judgment in digital meetings. B．The use of microphones may give rise to differing views. C．In-person meetings are more reliable than digital ones. D．Technological factors may color listeners’ view. 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Scholl began to suspect that it was the sound quality, rather than the content of their arguments, that had swayed his judgment.(朔尔开始怀疑，是音质而非辩论内容影响了他的判断)”可知，前两段暗示技术因素可能影响听者的看法。 考向二 主旨延伸 1.（25-26高三下·北京海淀·期末） The most dangerous myths are the ones we don’t see. Human exceptionalism — the belief that humans are fundamentally superior to the rest of nature — is one of those myths. This worldview is not hidden because it’s obscure — it’s hidden because it’s everywhere, taken for granted, and rarely questioned. But what struck me most is just how thoroughly this belief has infiltrated (渗透) science — an institution meant to challenge our biases, not reinforce them. Take research on self-awareness. For decades, we believed only humans and certain primate species could recognize themselves in mirrors, a supposed benchmark of self-awareness. But the mirror test is biased toward vision. Dogs experience the world primarily via scent. They pass the smell-based mirror test with ease — demonstrating self-awareness in their dominant sense. When we measure the world with a human-oriented ruler, other species inevitably come up short. Many treat human exceptionalism as a natural conclusion. But recent studies in developmental and cross-cultural psychology suggest otherwise. Beliefs in human exceptionalism aren’t an inevitably biological outcome — they instead reflect a cultural worldview. Across repeated studies, when presented with moral dilemmas — such as saving one human or multiple animals — adults overwhelmingly favored humans, even when the trade-off involved 100 dogs or pigs. Children, however, often chose to save multiple animals over one human, valuing human and nonhuman lives far more similarly. This suggests that the human-centred moral frameworks commonly held by adults are not the biological default, but emerge over time through cultural learning — particularly as children become increasingly exposed to the ways other forms of life are used and valued in our society. Research across human cultures also reveals that human exceptionalism is far from universal. Many Indigenous (土著的) and non-Western knowledge systems reject such natural hierarchies. They recognize other animals, plants, rivers, forests, and mountains as kin: sentient, agentive beings embedded in a shared moral and ecological world. Within these frameworks, the notion that humans are separate or superior simply doesn’t hold. While writing my last book, I was introduced to various alternative cosmologies (宇宙观) that reject the ideology of human exceptionalism. These worldviews model ways of living in greater balance with the rest of the natural world. Some today maintain that humans are the most evolutionarily “successful” species. Success, in this view, is measured by ecological dominance. But in reality, the most resilient ecosystems are built on interdependence. We’ve constructed our scientific models around struggle and individualism, even though life on earth is held together by relationships and co-evolution. The real insight comes from humility. Seeing ourselves clearly — not as rulers, but as participants in a larger web — is one of the most urgent scientific and moral challenges of our time. The author mainly suggests ________. A．reevaluating human-nature relationship B．exploring interdependence across species C．acknowledging the limitation of science D．rejecting the idea of evolutionary success 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，作者批判了“人类例外论”这一观念，指出其并非自然结论而是文化习得，并通过镜子测试、儿童道德实验、不同文化知识体系等例证说明人类并不比自然界的其他部分更优越。结合最后一段的呼吁“Seeing ourselves clearly — not as rulers, but as participants in a larger web (清楚地看待自己——不是作为统治者，而是作为更大网络中的参与者)”可知，作者主要建议重新评估人与自然的关系。 2.（2026·北京东城·二模） I had no idea it was possible to sweat so heavily without engaging in any physical activity. I wasn’t standing at the open door of a plane thousands of feet in the air, ready to jump out into the wild, blue sky. Rather, I was simply sitting on my bed, wearing my most comfortable clothes, and waiting to hit the “Enter classroom” button on my computer. I had signed up for an online language lesson with a Portuguese language tutor. For the past few months, I had been studying the language and I knew video chat was the next best option. As I clicked the button, a friendly face popped up on the screen in front of me. At that moment, my mind froze. Feeling my nervousness, my tutor said something I still remember today, “Learning a new language is like showing your weakness to the world. It can be uncomfortable.” The ice was officially broken. As I’ve progressed along on my language journey, I often think back to her insight. She is right. We take as a given the power to express ourselves freely, and when that power is taken away, we are brought to a place of weakness. Yet if we keep pushing forward despite this weakness, we will unlock a wealth of valuable gains. My three-year-old son has big feelings but has insufficient vocabulary to properly express himself. When I started learning Portuguese, I realized how difficult it must be for him to be understood in the adult world around him. I’m a better parent now. When my husband and I finally visited Portugal and ordered food in Portuguese at a small shop, the server thanked us for taking time to learn their language. Learning Portuguese taught me that attempting to learn someone else’s language shows respect not only for their homeland but for the people themselves. Taking on the challenge of Portuguese has also awakened a fire within me. If you had told me a year ago that I would be taking a writing course, competing in competitions at my gym, or learning about car maintenance, I truly wouldn’t have believed it. Now I deeply believe that challenging yourself can be rewarding in ways you will never know unless you attempt it. What can we learn from the passage? A．It is never too late to learn something new. B．Taking on challenges may bring perfection. C．Leaving the comfort zone offers new visions of life. D．Language learning helps clear up misunderstandings. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据原文第五段“Learning Portuguese taught me that attempting to learn someone else’s language shows respect not only for their homeland but for the people themselves.(学习葡萄牙语让我明白：主动去学习他人的语言，不仅是对他们祖国的尊重，更是对当地人民本身的尊重。)”及最后一段“Now I deeply believe that challenging yourself can be rewarding in ways you will never know unless you attempt it.(如今我深信，挑战自我所带来的收获，只有亲身尝试才能体会，其价值难以预知。)” 可知，走出舒适区、勇于挑战自我，会带给人全新的人生眼界与收获。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 记叙文 1.（2026·北京·高考真题） After we had twins and became a family of five, my husband and I decided to move from London back to Yorkshire, to be closer to my parents. Around the same time, they sold their house and we decided to build them a bungalow (平房) in our garden. We moved them in with us until the build was complete. Packing up my parents’ house felt like a massive goodbye — that bedroom, those memories, the feeling of safety and shelter I always felt there. That evening, I sat in the living room watching TV, temporarily free of my own responsibilities, lost in nostalgia (留恋). Even though I’m a grown woman in my 40s with my own family, it felt scary not to have “home” to go back to. On our final morning in the house, we took a break from the mind-bending, never-ending work of packing to sit down for that last breakfast. Mum voiced what we were all thinking: It was strange to see the place so empty. I worried that they’d begin to think they’d made a mistake. “How do you feel?” I asked. There was a silence as Dad continued to drink his tea, and I held my breath. “Well, it’s pretty awesome, isn’t it?” he replied. I breathed a huge sigh of relief: I had expected sadness, maybe even doubt, but Dad was already looking to the future. His response had an impact on me. Yes, it was a huge goodbye in so many ways, but it was also the start of something new — an adventure in multigenerational living. I realised this wasn’t about loss at all, but about movement and trust. Hearing Dad’s cheerfulness, I realised that what I’d been seeing as “the end of an era” was actually the start of a new one. Sitting at the table, making my mini sandwich, I realised I was ready for our next chapter. 1．After they had twins, the author and her husband decided to ________. A．visit her parents B．move back to Yorkshire C．rent a house for the family D．raise their children in London 2．During the breakfast, the author worried that ________. A．she might lose her shelter in the future B．there would be too much work in packing C．her parents might regret selling their house D．it would be hard to live a multigenerational life 3．How did the author feel after hearing her dad’s response? A．Uplifted. B．Puzzled. C．Concerned. D．Honoured. 4．What does the story mainly tell us? A．Silence is the best cure for nostalgia. B．Distance makes the heart grow fonder. C．Optimism lights the path for tomorrow. D．Parenting sets the pace of a child’s growth. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了作者一家搬回约克郡，打算为父母建平房。收拾老宅时她满心不舍，担心父母后悔搬家。父亲乐观的话点醒她，离别不是结束，而是多代同住新生活的开始。 【解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“After we had twins and became a family of five, my husband and I decided to move from London back to Yorkshire, to be closer to my parents. (我们生下双胞胎后，家庭变成了五口之家，我和丈夫决定从伦敦搬回约克郡，以便更靠近父母。)”可知，生完双胞胎后，作者和她的丈夫决定搬回约克郡。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mum voiced what we were all thinking: It was strange to see the place so empty. I worried that they’d begin to think they’d made a mistake. (妈妈表达了我们所有人的心声：看到这个地方如此空旷，感觉很奇怪。我担心他们会开始以为自己犯了错。)”可知，早餐时，作者担心她的父母可能会后悔卖掉房子。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I breathed a huge sigh of relief: I had expected sadness, maybe even doubt, but Dad was already looking to the future. (我如释重负地长舒了一口气：我原以为会是悲伤，甚至是怀疑，但爸爸已经在展望未来了。)”以及最后一段中“Yes, it was a huge goodbye in so many ways, but it was also the start of something new an adventure in multigenerational living. (是的，这在很多方面都是一次巨大的告别，但也意味着新的开始——一种跨代际共同生活的冒险。)”和“Sitting at the table, making my mini sandwich, I realised I was ready for our next chapter. (坐在餐桌旁，做着我的迷你三明治，我终于明白，我已经准备好迎接我们下一章的人生了。)”可推知，作者听到父亲的回应后感到振奋和备受鼓舞。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Hearing Dad’s cheerfulness, I realised that what I’d been seeing as “the end of an era” was actually the start. of a new one. Sitting at the table, making my mini sandwich, I realised I was ready for our next chapter. (听到爸爸的乐观，我才明白，我曾认为“一个时代的终结”，其实正是另一个新时代的开端。坐在餐桌旁，做着我的迷你三明治，我终于明白，我已经准备好迎接我们下一章的人生了。)”可知，文章讲述作者原本因搬离老宅、告别过去而伤感惆怅，父亲乐观积极的态度点醒了她，让她明白告别旧生活不是结束，而是新篇章的起点。核心主旨是乐观的心态能照亮未来的道路。 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.      One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 1．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged. 2．In her 30s, the author _________. A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings 3．Which word would best describe the author’s dream? A．Confusing. B．Empowering. C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Hard work is the mother of success. C．Dreams are the reflections of realities. D．Creative activities involve being confident. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。 【解析】 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much.  (成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。 题组二 说明文 1.（2026·北京·高考真题） Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 1．The author mentions snow in order to _____________. A．illustrate a point B．contrast approaches C．classify objects D．define a concept 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B．Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C．Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D．Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 3．What is implied in this passage? A．Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B．Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C．Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D．Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍气候变化与生物多样性减少正在改变地球上的自然气味，甚至导致其消失，这种气味景观的改变不仅影响自然环境，还会造成文化、精神层面的损失。 【解析】 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.(这种影响不仅限于森林。积雪——已受到气候变暖的威胁——随着气温升高会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。)”可知，作者在论述完气温对森林气味的影响后，提到积雪是为了进一步证明“气温变化会改变气味”这一观点。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history.(尽管气候变化危及粮食获取等其他珍贵资源，但它同样关乎文化认同、文化存续与历史传承。)”并结合前文自然气味消失的内容可知，地球自然气味的消失也是一种文化损失。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment.(随着气温升高，人造物质释放出更多的气味分子，而由气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失则威胁着那些为环境增添香气的植物。)”以及第三段中的“Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.(积雪——已受到气候变暖的威胁——随着气温升高会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。)”可推知，森林气味和积雪气味发生改变的根本原因都是气候变暖、气温升高，二者成因一致。 2.（2025·北京·高考真题） The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on 1 January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 1．What can be inferred about personal stories? A．They are unrelated to health. B．Consistent ones lead to stress. C．They are relevant to happiness. D．Thematic ones hold back change. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Talking about gains from failure is negative. B．New Year resolutions are well received. C．The West tends to overvalue optimism. D．Social roles fail to be highlighted. 3．What does the author mainly do in this passage? A．Clarify a goal. B．Analyse an event. C．Make a comparison. D．Illustrate an approach. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How self-identity works. B．How story-tellers are made. C．How personal stories raise doubts. D．How timing affects personal identity. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系及如何改变个人故事。 【解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. (拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.  (她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可推知，西方倾向于过度重视乐观主义。故选C。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐述一种方法。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity works. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合文意。故选A。 题组三 议论文 1.（2025·北京·高考真题） Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. My first step of redefining success began with course registrations. It is a well-known fact, especially in my school, that Junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule. When asked why they chose so many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don’t know.” They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities. Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and look at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. 1．Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A．Pressure from choosing AP classes. B．Performance in group interviews. C．Competition with seniors. D．Recognition by colleges. 2．The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A．her own understanding of success B．her desire for academic challenges C．her strong urge to follow the crowd D．her dream of entering a top university 3．Which would best describe the author’s first group interview? A．Dignifying. B．Rewarding. C．Engaging. D．Relaxing. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Everyone is the maker of their own success. B．Success favours those with a golden heart. C．Success knocks at your door only once. D．A college holds the key to success. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思，不再盲目追随他人选择大量AP课程，而是基于个人兴趣选课，并从失败的小组面试中学习，通过自我调整最终获得领导职位。 【解析】 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? (在整个高三期间，我和我的同学们一直担心，当大学将我们的整个人生故事浓缩成一篇200字的短文时，他们会看到什么。当他们回顾我们的成就时，脑海中会浮现出‘成功’这个金灿灿的词汇吗？还是会看到用红色标注的‘失败’这个醒目的大字？)”可知，作者在高三年级主要担心的是大学对他们的认可。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”可知，作者选择较少的AP课程是因为她自己对成功的理解。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. (然而，这次面试并不是一次浪费的机会。我和一位高年级的申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映了她对自己的信心。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者认为第一次面试是有收获的，因为它让作者从中学到了东西，并影响了她后来的面试表现。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者通过自己的经历表明，成功并非由大学或外界标准定义，而是源于自我认知与努力。“Everyone is the maker of their own success. (每个人都是自己成功的创造者。)” 符合题意。故选A。 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 1．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 2．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 3．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 4．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 【解析】 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $