Unit 5 Period 1 Starting out &Understanding ideas（分层作业）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 分层清晰，从词汇基础到语篇应用递进，适配新授课巩固与能力提升，兼顾语言能力与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇、短语翻译、基础语法|机械记忆与单句应用结合，夯实语言能力基础| |B组能力进阶|语法综合运用、句型转换|语境化语法填空与句子翻译，培养学习策略| |C组思维拔高|语篇理解、逻辑分析|阅读理解与七选五题型，提升批判性思维品质|

分层作业 Unit 5 Period 1 starting out and understanding ideas 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.焦虑的____________ 2．距离________________ 3.苦涩地，悲痛地____________ 4．羞愧的，羞耻的__________________ 5．位置；地点____________ 6．环境；周围的事物___________________ 7．遥远的；冷漠的_____________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. His theories________ (催生创新), revolutionizing modern technology. 2．Now our government is promoting garbage classification and we should ________________ (响应号召)． 3．Jack kept ringing the bell, but no one ________________ (开门). 4．That’s one small step for a man, ________________ (一大步) for mankind. 5．________________ (他变得生疏) recently is my concern. 6．We are expected to_________with immediate actions to protect endangered species. (响应号召) 7．The person who ___________ (响应号召) was not the captain’s first choice. 8．It _________that some people buy animals as pets just for fun but treat them badly. (是耻辱，是丢脸的事) 9．It was the kind captain _____________________. 是那位善良的船长给了这个年轻人这样一个珍贵的机会。 三、单句语法填空。 1．Whether or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city’s (evolve). 2．In a (distance) country in Africa, he found his root. 3．These are the (evolution) changes in the language. 4．There has been a sharp (decline) in the number of tourists. 5．They tried to put the blame me for what had happened. 6．Over time, the simple tool (evolve) into a more complex and efficient one. 7．It’s (characteristic) of her to be so kind and helpful. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.样本均值可能不同于总体均值。 The ________ mean may differ from the population mean. 2． 如有必要，做进一步的研究。 Do further research _____________. 3．The journey gave him __________________________(有机会研究各种生物) in their natural environments. 4．Once you________(体验过乡村生活的乐趣), you will not want to live in the city. 5．There is no doubt that things will improve in the ________ ________ ________ ________(不远的将来). 五、语法填空 A father was worried about his son, 1 was sixteen years old but had no courage at all. So the father decided to ask a Buddhist monk (僧侣) to train his boy. The Buddhist monk said to the boy’s father, “I insist that your son 2 (leave) alone here. I’ll make him into a true man within three months. 3 , you can’t come to see him during this period.” Three months later, the boy’s father 4 (return). The Buddhist monk arranged a boxing match between the boy and an 5 (experience) boxer. Each time the fighter struck the boy, he fell down, 6 at once the boy stood up; and each time a heavy blow knocked him down, the boy stood up again. Several times later, the Buddhist monk asked, “ 7 do you think of your child?” “What a shame!” the boy’s father said, “I never thought he would be so 8 (easy) knocked down. I needn’t have him stay here any longer! ” “I'm sorry that that’s all you see. Don’t you see that each time he 9 (fall)  down, he stands up again instead of 10 (cry)? That’s the kind of courage you wanted him to have.” 六．阅读理解 A In general, the riches of the natural world aren’t spread evenly across the globe. Places like the tropical (热带的) Andes in South America are simply packed with unique species, many of which can’t be found in any other places. Until recently, the main explanation for the biological riches concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that such places must be engines of biodiversity (生物多样性), with new species evolving at a faster rate than other parts of the world. But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster. The researchers say these biodiversity “coldspots” are generally found in environments featuring freezing, dry and unstable conditions. Though the researchers found these locations with few bird species tend to produce new ones at high rates, they fail to accumulate many species because the unstable conditions frequently make the new life forms die out. The more well­known “hotspots”, by contrast, have accumulated their large numbers of species by being warm, hospitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers found that the countless bird species that call the Amazon home tend to be older in evolutionary terms. “New species do form in places like the Amazon, just not as frequently as in the dry grasslands in the Andes,” says Elizabeth, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Tennessee. The researchers managed to collect 1,940 samples representing 1,287 of the 1,306 bird species from South America. Their analysis showed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there, rather than climate or geographic features like mountains. Species­rich areas tended to produce new species more slowly. “Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there’s less competition and more available opportunities for new species,” says Gustavo Bravo, a lead researcher. The study’s findings add new urgency to protect ecosystems that may look barren, but may actually be nature’s hothouses for the evolution of new species. 1．Why is South America mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To make comparison. B．To introduce the topic. C．To make a prediction. D．To draw a conclusion. 2．What determines the rising rate of new species in a place? A．The number of its species there. B．The environment there. C．The survival skills of species. D．The different biological factors. 3．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “barren” in the last paragraph? A．Dry and bare. B．Lively and active. C．Nice and green. D．Complex and unpredictable. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Tropical areas are home to large numbers of species. B．New species prefer to live in the extreme climate. C．Harsh environments pose a greater threat to species. D．The worst ecosystem may give birth to new species fastest. B You know eating fruit and vegetables is helpful. But did you know it can also make you look good? People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. Scientists at St Andrews University found eating them subtly increased yellow and red pigments in the volunteers’ skin. They monitored the food intake of 35 people and took pictures of their faces, arms and hands using a sensitive camera at the start, and after three and six weeks. Increasing their intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day was found to make the person look healthier and an extra 3.3 portions could enhance their attractiveness, when their photographs were rated by others. Fruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), which are known to protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays, and can also prevent age-related diseases including heart disease and cancer. But while it was known eating extreme amounts of certain vegetables such as carrots could turn skin orange, it was not known a small increase was perceptible to others and was seen as appealing. A camera measured changes to the skin redness, yellowness and lightness, and found it significantly changed in people who naturally increased their intake. These changes were not evident at three weeks. Using light sensors, the researchers showed these red and yellow hues were linked with the levels of carotenoids in their skin. There are hundreds of carotenoids but those thought to have the most dramatic effect are lycopene (番茄红素) which gives tomatoes and red peppers their red color and beta-carotene found in carrots as well as broccoli (西兰花), squash (南瓜), and spinach (菠菜). Skin color is also affected by chemicals called polyphenols (多酚), found in apples, blueberries and cherries, which cause blood rush to the skin surface. 5．From the passage, we learn that pictures were taken ________. A．three times using a special camera every three weeks B．twice using a sensitive camera every six weeks C．by 35 people when they ate fruit and vegetables D．by 35 people while being monitored to compare the changes 6．What can the word “appealing” in Paragraph 5 be replaced by? A．Frightening. B．Harmful. C．Dangerous. D．Attractive. 7．Which are the most effective among hundreds of carotenoids? A．Tomatoes and red peppers. B．Squash and spinach. C．Lycopene and beta-carotene. D．Polyphenols and beta-carotene. 8．What is the purpose of the article? A．To tell people a new discovery. B．To advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables. C．To introduce a way to protect skin. D．To list the functions of carotenoids to skin. 七、七选五 Studies have shown that about 30% of the children in America aged 6 to 19 are either overweight ar obese（肥胖的）. 1 Besides, the situation in the countries of the European Union is similar. If you are gaining weight, it does not always mean that you are becoming obese. After all, children and young adults need nutrients（营养物）to grow. 2 However, if you begin putting on too much weight, you may be on the road to obesity. 3 Genes are one of the factors that can lead to it. Genes determine how your body stores food and how well it turns food into energy. Your genes come from your parents, so overweight parents are more likely to have overweight children. Although you may have good genes, you can still become obese. In fact, the lack of physical exercise can also cause obesity. 4 For example, compared with going outside and doing some physical activities, children now prefer to sit still for hours in front of computers or TVs. Many of us eat up to four meals a day thanks to excessive（过度的）snacking. And when we have a snack, we may not consider eating fruits. But this is not always the children’s fault. 5 A．Fast food is another reason for obesity. B．But what may cause childhood obesity？ C．That is almost one out of three young Americans. D．This increases their chances of becoming overweight. E．So it is normal for them to gain weight as time goes on. F．Nowadays, our free time activities have greatly changed. G．After all, there are many stores offering all of snacks near schools A （2026年高考全国1卷高考真题）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1．What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A．Use electronic devices. B．Consult a paper dictionary. C．Guess from the context. D．Turn to his English teacher. 2．How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A．Annoyed. B．Disappointed. C．Encouraged. D．Astonished. 3．What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A．It helped her through college. B．It was given to Kevin as a gift. C．It bore witness to her efforts. D．It was a valuable limited edition. 4．What has the author come to realize about learning? A．It is never too late to start. B．Motivation is what really matters. C．Children need role models. D．Dictionaries are still a useful tool. B （2026年高考全国1卷高考真题）In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 5．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 6．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 7．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 8．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 Period 1 starting out and understanding ideas 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.焦虑的____________ 2．距离________________ 3.苦涩地，悲痛地____________ 4．羞愧的，羞耻的__________________ 5．位置；地点____________ 6．环境；周围的事物___________________ 7．遥远的；冷漠的_____________ 【答案】 1．anxious 2．distance 3．bitterly 4．ashamed 5．location 6．surroundings 7．distant 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. His theories________ (催生创新), revolutionizing modern technology. 2．Now our government is promoting garbage classification and we should ________________ (响应号召)． 3．Jack kept ringing the bell, but no one ________________ (开门). 4．That’s one small step for a man, ________________ (一大步) for mankind. 5．________________ (他变得生疏) recently is my concern. 6．We are expected to_________with immediate actions to protect endangered species. (响应号召) 7．The person who ___________ (响应号召) was not the captain’s first choice. 8．It _________that some people buy animals as pets just for fun but treat them badly. (是耻辱，是丢脸的事) 9．It was the kind captain _____________________. 是那位善良的船长给了这个年轻人这样一个珍贵的机会。 【答案】 1．generated innovation 2．answer the call 3. answered the door 4. one giant leap 5．That he has become distant 6．answer the call 7．answered the call 8．is a disgrace 9．that/who gave the young man such a precious opportunity 三、单句语法填空。 1．Whether or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city’s (evolve). 2．In a (distance) country in Africa, he found his root. 3．These are the (evolution) changes in the language. 4．There has been a sharp (decline) in the number of tourists. 5．They tried to put the blame me for what had happened. 6．Over time, the simple tool (evolve) into a more complex and efficient one. 7．It’s (characteristic) of her to be so kind and helpful. 答案：1．evolution 2．distant 3．evolutionary 4．decline 5．on 6．evolved 7．characteristic 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.样本均值可能不同于总体均值。 The ________ mean may differ from the population mean. 2． 如有必要，做进一步的研究。 Do further research _____________. 3．The journey gave him __________________________(有机会研究各种生物) in their natural environments. 4．Once you________(体验过乡村生活的乐趣), you will not want to live in the city. 5．There is no doubt that things will improve in the ________ ________ ________ ________(不远的将来). 【答案】 1．sample 2．if necessary 3．the chance to study various living things 4．have sampled the pleasures of country life/have experienced the pleasures of country life 5． not too distant future 五、语法填空 A father was worried about his son, 1 was sixteen years old but had no courage at all. So the father decided to ask a Buddhist monk (僧侣) to train his boy. The Buddhist monk said to the boy’s father, “I insist that your son 2 (leave) alone here. I’ll make him into a true man within three months. 3 , you can’t come to see him during this period.” Three months later, the boy’s father 4 (return). The Buddhist monk arranged a boxing match between the boy and an 5 (experience) boxer. Each time the fighter struck the boy, he fell down, 6 at once the boy stood up; and each time a heavy blow knocked him down, the boy stood up again. Several times later, the Buddhist monk asked, “ 7 do you think of your child?” “What a shame!” the boy’s father said, “I never thought he would be so 8 (easy) knocked down. I needn’t have him stay here any longer! ” “I'm sorry that that’s all you see. Don’t you see that each time he 9 (fall)  down, he stands up again instead of 10 (cry)? That’s the kind of courage you wanted him to have.” 【答案】 1．who 2．be left 3．However 4．returned 5．experienced 6．but 7．What 8．easily 9．falls 10．crying 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲通过一个僧侣训练，增强儿子勇气的故事。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：一个父亲为他的儿子感到担忧，他16岁了，但一点勇气也没有。空格处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词son，并在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 2．考查被动语态和虚拟语气。句意：僧侣对男孩的父亲说：“我坚持要你的儿子单独留在这儿。”your son与leave之间是被动关系，因此应该使用被动语态，即“be动词+过去分词”的形式。insist表示“坚持”后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故填be left。 3．考查副词。句意：不过，在这段时间里你不能来看他。根据句意和空格后的逗号可知，前后句存在转折关系，空后有逗号，空处需用逻辑副词however表示“然而，不过”，位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填However。 4．考查一般过去时。句意：三个月后，男孩的父亲回来了。根据时间状语Three months later，可以判断该动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时，空格处谓语动词使用过去式。故填returned。 5．考查形容词。句意：僧侣安排了一场拳击比赛，对手是一名有经验的拳击手。这里需要一个形容词来修饰boxer，experience的形容词为experienced“有经验的”，故填experienced。 6．考查连词。句意：每次拳击手击打男孩时，他都摔倒了，但男孩立刻就站了起来。根据句意可知，空处需用连词but表示转折关系。故填but。 7．考查固定搭配。句意：你觉得你的孩子怎么样？根据句意可知，空处需用固定搭配What do you think of...表示“你觉得……怎么样”，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 8．考查副词。句意：“真丢脸！”男孩的父亲说，“我没想到他会这么容易被打倒。”这里需要一个副词来修饰动词短语knocked down，形容词easy需变为副词easily。故填easily。 9．考查动词时态。句意：你没看到每次他摔倒时，他都站起来，而不是哭吗？根据空前的Don’t和空后he stands up again可知，句子时态为一般现在时，each time引导的时间状语从句的主语为he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填falls。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。介词短语instead of后应接动名词作宾语。故填crying。 6． 阅读理解 A In general, the riches of the natural world aren’t spread evenly across the globe. Places like the tropical (热带的) Andes in South America are simply packed with unique species, many of which can’t be found in any other places. Until recently, the main explanation for the biological riches concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that such places must be engines of biodiversity (生物多样性), with new species evolving at a faster rate than other parts of the world. But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster. The researchers say these biodiversity “coldspots” are generally found in environments featuring freezing, dry and unstable conditions. Though the researchers found these locations with few bird species tend to produce new ones at high rates, they fail to accumulate many species because the unstable conditions frequently make the new life forms die out. The more well­known “hotspots”, by contrast, have accumulated their large numbers of species by being warm, hospitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers found that the countless bird species that call the Amazon home tend to be older in evolutionary terms. “New species do form in places like the Amazon, just not as frequently as in the dry grasslands in the Andes,” says Elizabeth, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Tennessee. The researchers managed to collect 1,940 samples representing 1,287 of the 1,306 bird species from South America. Their analysis showed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there, rather than climate or geographic features like mountains. Species­rich areas tended to produce new species more slowly. “Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there’s less competition and more available opportunities for new species,” says Gustavo Bravo, a lead researcher. The study’s findings add new urgency to protect ecosystems that may look barren, but may actually be nature’s hothouses for the evolution of new species. 1．Why is South America mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To make comparison. B．To introduce the topic. C．To make a prediction. D．To draw a conclusion. 2．What determines the rising rate of new species in a place? A．The number of its species there. B．The environment there. C．The survival skills of species. D．The different biological factors. 3．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “barren” in the last paragraph? A．Dry and bare. B．Lively and active. C．Nice and green. D．Complex and unpredictable. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Tropical areas are home to large numbers of species. B．New species prefer to live in the extreme climate. C．Harsh environments pose a greater threat to species. D．The worst ecosystem may give birth to new species fastest. B You know eating fruit and vegetables is helpful. But did you know it can also make you look good? People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. Scientists at St Andrews University found eating them subtly increased yellow and red pigments in the volunteers’ skin. They monitored the food intake of 35 people and took pictures of their faces, arms and hands using a sensitive camera at the start, and after three and six weeks. Increasing their intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day was found to make the person look healthier and an extra 3.3 portions could enhance their attractiveness, when their photographs were rated by others. Fruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), which are known to protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays, and can also prevent age-related diseases including heart disease and cancer. But while it was known eating extreme amounts of certain vegetables such as carrots could turn skin orange, it was not known a small increase was perceptible to others and was seen as appealing. A camera measured changes to the skin redness, yellowness and lightness, and found it significantly changed in people who naturally increased their intake. These changes were not evident at three weeks. Using light sensors, the researchers showed these red and yellow hues were linked with the levels of carotenoids in their skin. There are hundreds of carotenoids but those thought to have the most dramatic effect are lycopene (番茄红素) which gives tomatoes and red peppers their red color and beta-carotene found in carrots as well as broccoli (西兰花), squash (南瓜), and spinach (菠菜). Skin color is also affected by chemicals called polyphenols (多酚), found in apples, blueberries and cherries, which cause blood rush to the skin surface. 5．From the passage, we learn that pictures were taken ________. A．three times using a special camera every three weeks B．twice using a sensitive camera every six weeks C．by 35 people when they ate fruit and vegetables D．by 35 people while being monitored to compare the changes 6．What can the word “appealing” in Paragraph 5 be replaced by? A．Frightening. B．Harmful. C．Dangerous. D．Attractive. 7．Which are the most effective among hundreds of carotenoids? A．Tomatoes and red peppers. B．Squash and spinach. C．Lycopene and beta-carotene. D．Polyphenols and beta-carotene. 8．What is the purpose of the article? A．To tell people a new discovery. B．To advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables. C．To introduce a way to protect skin. D．To list the functions of carotenoids to skin. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，物种较少的地方比物种丰富的地方会更快地产生新物种。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Places like the tropical (热带的) Andes in South America are simply packed with unique species, many of which can’t be found in any other places. Until recently, the main explanation for the biological riches concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that such places must be engines of biodiversity (生物多样性), with new species evolving at a faster rate than other parts of the world. But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster. (像南美洲热带安第斯山脉这样的地方到处都是独特的物种，其中许多在其他地方都找不到。直到最近，生物财富集中在亚马逊盆地等地的主要解释是，这些地方一定是生物多样性的引擎，新物种的进化速度比世界其他地区更快。但现在，关于鸟类进化的新研究可能会颠覆这一假设，转而支持物种较少的地区实际上往往会更快地产生新物种的观点)”可知，本段提及南美洲是为了引入文章关于生物多样性的主题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Their analysis showed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there, rather than climate or geographic features like mountains. Species­rich areas tended to produce new species more slowly.(他们的分析表明，一个地区是否会以高速度产生新物种的最佳预测因素是有多少物种生活在那里，而不是气候或山脉等地理特征。物种丰富的地区往往产生新物种的速度较慢)”可知，一个地方原有的物种数量决定了新物种的增长速度。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there’s less competition and more available opportunities for new species,(也许恶劣的环境会更频繁地产生新物种，因为新物种的竞争更少，机会更多)”以及最后一段“The study’s findings add new urgency to protect ecosystems that may look barren, but may actually be nature’s hothouses for the evolution of new species.(这项研究的发现为保护生态系统增添了新的紧迫性，这些生态系统可能看起来barren，但实际上可能是新物种进化的自然温室)”可知，也许恶劣的环境会更频繁地产生新物种，所以这些可能看起来干旱贫瘠的生态系统，实际上可能是新物种进化的自然温室，推测划线单词表示“干旱贫瘠的”，与dry and bare同义。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster.(但现在，关于鸟类进化的新研究可能会颠覆这一假设，转而支持物种较少的地区实际上往往会更快地产生新物种的观点)”以及第五段“Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there’s less competition and more available opportunities for new species,(也许恶劣的环境会更频繁地产生新物种，因为新物种的竞争更少，机会更多)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，物种较少的地方往往会更快地产生新物种，恶劣的环境可能会更频繁地产生新物种，所以“最糟糕的生态系统可能会最快地产生新物种”可以作为文章标题。故选D。 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的发现：多摄入蔬菜和水果对健康和皮肤有益。并分析多吃蔬菜和水果对健康和皮肤有益的原因。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段“They monitored the food intake of 35 people and took pictures of their faces, arms and hands using a sensitive camera at the start, and after three and six weeks. (他们监测了35人的食物摄入量，并在开始时以及三周和六周后使用灵敏的相机拍摄了他们的脸部，手臂和手部照片)”可知，他们用特殊的相机，每三个月拍一次照片，共拍摄三次，记录他们的脸部、手臂和手部。故选A。 6．词句猜测题。根据第二段“People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. (研究人员发现，在短短六周内增加摄入量的人会发展出健康的光泽，并且看起来更具吸引力)”及第三段“Increasing their intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day was found to make the person look healthier and an extra 3.3 portions could enhance their attractiveness, when their photographs were rated by others. (发现每天增加2.9份绿色蔬菜的摄入量可以使人看起来更健康，当他们的照片被其他人评分时，额外的3.3份绿色蔬菜可以增强他们的吸引力)”可知，多吃蔬菜和水果的人更能展现健康的光泽、看起来更有吸引力。由此推知，划线词appealing的意思是“有吸引力的”，与attractive意义一致。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第七段“There are hundreds of carotenoids but those thought to have the most dramatic effect are lycopene (番茄红素) which gives tomatoes and red peppers their red color and beta-carotene found in carrots as well as broccoli (西兰花), squash (南瓜), and spinach (菠菜). (有数百种类胡萝卜素，但那些被认为最具有显著效果的是番茄红素，它使西红柿和红辣椒具有红色，并在胡萝卜以及西兰花，南瓜和菠菜中发现的β-胡萝卜素)”可知，在数百种类胡萝卜素中，那些被认为最具有显著效果的是番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“You know eating fruit and vegetables is helpful. But did you know it can also make you look good? (你知道吃水果和蔬菜是有帮助的。但是你知道它也可以让你看起来很好吗？)”及第二段“People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. Scientists at St Andrews University found eating them subtly increased yellow and red pigments in the volunteers’ skin. (研究人员发现，在短短六周内增加摄入量的人会发展出健康的光泽，并且看起来更具吸引力。圣安德鲁斯大学的科学家发现，吃它们会微妙地增加志愿者皮肤中的黄色和红色色素)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的发现：多摄入蔬菜和水果对健康和皮肤有益。由此推知，文章的目的是告诉人们这一新发现。故选A。 七、七选五 Studies have shown that about 30% of the children in America aged 6 to 19 are either overweight ar obese（肥胖的）. 1 Besides, the situation in the countries of the European Union is similar. If you are gaining weight, it does not always mean that you are becoming obese. After all, children and young adults need nutrients（营养物）to grow. 2 However, if you begin putting on too much weight, you may be on the road to obesity. 3 Genes are one of the factors that can lead to it. Genes determine how your body stores food and how well it turns food into energy. Your genes come from your parents, so overweight parents are more likely to have overweight children. Although you may have good genes, you can still become obese. In fact, the lack of physical exercise can also cause obesity. 4 For example, compared with going outside and doing some physical activities, children now prefer to sit still for hours in front of computers or TVs. Many of us eat up to four meals a day thanks to excessive（过度的）snacking. And when we have a snack, we may not consider eating fruits. But this is not always the children’s fault. 5 A．Fast food is another reason for obesity. B．But what may cause childhood obesity？ C．That is almost one out of three young Americans. D．This increases their chances of becoming overweight. E．So it is normal for them to gain weight as time goes on. F．Nowadays, our free time activities have greatly changed. G．After all, there are many stores offering all of snacks near schools 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．F 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了造成青少年肥胖的几个因素。 【详解】1．分析句子结构可知，空格处与上文“that about 30% of the children in America aged 6 to 19”（大约30%的6到19岁的美国孩子）存在逻辑上的指代关系。选项C That is almost one out of three young Americans.（这几乎是三分之一的美国年轻人。）中的“That”指代的是前文中提到的“30% of the children”。故选C项。 2．上文“After all, children and young adults need nutrients（营养物）to grow.”说明孩子和青少年需要营养物质来成长。可知，前后文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系。前文提到，孩子和青少年需要营养物质来成长，此处进一步论述，结合选项E“所以对于他们来说，随着时间的流逝，体重增长是正常的”。符合此逻辑关系。故选E项。 3．由下文“Genes are one of the factors that can lead to it”（基因是导致肥胖的一个原因）可知，设空处位于段首，是该句的主题句。本段后面都是围绕此句进行展开说明的，即基因是导致肥胖的一个原因。结合选项B“但是什么导致孩子的肥胖呢？”符合此上下文逻辑，语意连贯。故选B项。 4．设空处与后文存在逻辑上的解释关系。空后的“For example, compared with going outside and doing some physical activities, children now prefer to sit still for hours in front of computers or TVs.”（例如，与外出和做一些体育活动相比，现在的孩子们更喜欢在电脑或电视前静坐几个小时。）是对上一论述的举例说明，此处应该描述休闲活动的改变。选项F“如今，我们的业余活动已经发生了很大的变化。”符合此推断。故选F项。 5．设空处位于段尾，对前一句进行解释。上文“But this is not always the children’s fault”说明孩子们爱吃零食，这并不总是他们的错。可推断此句为进一步解释说明。选项G“毕竟，在学校周围有很多提供各种各样零食的商店。”符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 A （2026年高考全国1卷高考真题）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1．What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A．Use electronic devices. B．Consult a paper dictionary. C．Guess from the context. D．Turn to his English teacher. 2．How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A．Annoyed. B．Disappointed. C．Encouraged. D．Astonished. 3．What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A．It helped her through college. B．It was given to Kevin as a gift. C．It bore witness to her efforts. D．It was a valuable limited edition. 4．What has the author come to realize about learning? A．It is never too late to start. B．Motivation is what really matters. C．Children need role models. D．Dictionaries are still a useful tool. B （2026年高考全国1卷高考真题）In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 5．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 6．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 7．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 8．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者回忆自己通过纸质词典学习单词的经历，并与儿子使用电子设备查询单词的方式形成对比，最终意识到学习的本质在于好奇心与求知欲。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. (不久前，我上五年级的儿子Kevin问我一本小说里某个词的意思。“查字典，”我回答。“但是我的屏幕使用时间已经用完了，”他说。我刻意地看向放着至少三本字典的书架，Kevin夸张地叹了口气。“你就不能用你的手机查吗？”他问道。)”可知，作者提示Kevin用纸质词典查单词，但他想用手机，说明Kevin通常使用电子设备来获取单词的意思。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” (我取下一本字典，我们一起读了几分钟，然后我把它递给了他。他试了好几次才找到那个词。在翻阅书页时，他睁大眼睛不停地说：“怎么会有这么多单词?”)”可知，Kevin查字典才发现有那么多单词，他感到很惊讶。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. (我的第一本字典是我13岁生日时的礼物。我决定要尽可能多地学习单词，并开始用铅笔在我查过的每个词条旁做标记来衡量自己的进步。我持续做这些铅笔标记多年，上大学时，我把那本字典装进了行李箱)”可知，作者的第一本字典见证了她进入大学之前的整个努力过程。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. (现在我明白了，虽然我的儿子可能以不同的方式学习，但他仍在学习。重要的不是单词本身或我们如何学习它们，而是想知道它们的欲望、好奇心和求知欲)”可知，作者意识到学习的真正关键在于动机和好奇心。 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 8．推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 Period 1 starting out and understanding ideas 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1．anxious 2．distance 3．bitterly 4．ashamed 5．location 6．surroundings 7．distant 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．generated innovation 2．answer the call 3. answered the door 4. one giant leap 5．That he has become distant 6．answer the call 7．answered the call 8．is a disgrace 9．that/who gave the young man such a precious opportunity 三、单句语法填空。 1．evolution 2．distant 3．evolutionary 4．Decline 5．on 6．evolved 7．characteristic 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．sample 2．if necessary 3．the chance to study various living things 4．have sampled the pleasures of country life/have experienced the pleasures of country life 5． not too distant future 1．sample 【详解】考查名词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“样本均值”应用sample mean，为专业术语，指从总体中抽取的部分数据计算的平均值，在本句中作定语。故填sample。 2．if necessary 【详解】考查省略句。表示“如果有必要”应用if necessary，完整的句子是if it is necssary，省略了it is。故填if necessary。 3． the chance to study various living things 【详解】考查固定搭配、形容词和名词。句意：这次旅行使他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。表示“有机会……”短语为chance to do sth.；表示“研究各种生物”翻译为study various living things。上文为短语give sb. sth.。故填the chance to study various living things。 4．have sampled the pleasures of country life/have experienced the pleasures of country life 【详解】考查动词时态和名词。you后面缺少谓语动词“体验”sample或experience，表示现在之前的动作用现在完成时，“乡村生活的乐趣”表示为the pleasures of country life，故填have sampled / experienced the pleasures of country life。 5． not too distant future 【详解】考查形容词，副词和名词。句意：毫无疑问，情况在不久的将来会改善。根据汉语提示，not too distant“不是太遥远的”，future“将来”，故填not too distant future。 五、语法填空 【答案】1．who 2．be left 3．However 4．returned 5．experienced 6．but 7．What 8．easily 9．falls 10．crying 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲通过一个僧侣训练，增强儿子勇气的故事。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：一个父亲为他的儿子感到担忧，他16岁了，但一点勇气也没有。空格处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词son，并在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 2．考查被动语态和虚拟语气。句意：僧侣对男孩的父亲说：“我坚持要你的儿子单独留在这儿。”your son与leave之间是被动关系，因此应该使用被动语态，即“be动词+过去分词”的形式。insist表示“坚持”后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故填be left。 3．考查副词。句意：不过，在这段时间里你不能来看他。根据句意和空格后的逗号可知，前后句存在转折关系，空后有逗号，空处需用逻辑副词however表示“然而，不过”，位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填However。 4．考查一般过去时。句意：三个月后，男孩的父亲回来了。根据时间状语Three months later，可以判断该动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时，空格处谓语动词使用过去式。故填returned。 5．考查形容词。句意：僧侣安排了一场拳击比赛，对手是一名有经验的拳击手。这里需要一个形容词来修饰boxer，experience的形容词为experienced“有经验的”，故填experienced。 6．考查连词。句意：每次拳击手击打男孩时，他都摔倒了，但男孩立刻就站了起来。根据句意可知，空处需用连词but表示转折关系。故填but。 7．考查固定搭配。句意：你觉得你的孩子怎么样？根据句意可知，空处需用固定搭配What do you think of...表示“你觉得……怎么样”，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 8．考查副词。句意：“真丢脸！”男孩的父亲说，“我没想到他会这么容易被打倒。”这里需要一个副词来修饰动词短语knocked down，形容词easy需变为副词easily。故填easily。 9．考查动词时态。句意：你没看到每次他摔倒时，他都站起来，而不是哭吗？根据空前的Don’t和空后he stands up again可知，句子时态为一般现在时，each time引导的时间状语从句的主语为he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填falls。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。介词短语instead of后应接动名词作宾语。故填crying。 六、阅读理解 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，物种较少的地方比物种丰富的地方会更快地产生新物种。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Places like the tropical (热带的) Andes in South America are simply packed with unique species, many of which can’t be found in any other places. Until recently, the main explanation for the biological riches concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that such places must be engines of biodiversity (生物多样性), with new species evolving at a faster rate than other parts of the world. But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster. (像南美洲热带安第斯山脉这样的地方到处都是独特的物种，其中许多在其他地方都找不到。直到最近，生物财富集中在亚马逊盆地等地的主要解释是，这些地方一定是生物多样性的引擎，新物种的进化速度比世界其他地区更快。但现在，关于鸟类进化的新研究可能会颠覆这一假设，转而支持物种较少的地区实际上往往会更快地产生新物种的观点)”可知，本段提及南美洲是为了引入文章关于生物多样性的主题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Their analysis showed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there, rather than climate or geographic features like mountains. Species­rich areas tended to produce new species more slowly.(他们的分析表明，一个地区是否会以高速度产生新物种的最佳预测因素是有多少物种生活在那里，而不是气候或山脉等地理特征。物种丰富的地区往往产生新物种的速度较慢)”可知，一个地方原有的物种数量决定了新物种的增长速度。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there’s less competition and more available opportunities for new species,(也许恶劣的环境会更频繁地产生新物种，因为新物种的竞争更少，机会更多)”以及最后一段“The study’s findings add new urgency to protect ecosystems that may look barren, but may actually be nature’s hothouses for the evolution of new species.(这项研究的发现为保护生态系统增添了新的紧迫性，这些生态系统可能看起来barren，但实际上可能是新物种进化的自然温室)”可知，也许恶劣的环境会更频繁地产生新物种，所以这些可能看起来干旱贫瘠的生态系统，实际上可能是新物种进化的自然温室，推测划线单词表示“干旱贫瘠的”，与dry and bare同义。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster.(但现在，关于鸟类进化的新研究可能会颠覆这一假设，转而支持物种较少的地区实际上往往会更快地产生新物种的观点)”以及第五段“Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there’s less competition and more available opportunities for new species,(也许恶劣的环境会更频繁地产生新物种，因为新物种的竞争更少，机会更多)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，物种较少的地方往往会更快地产生新物种，恶劣的环境可能会更频繁地产生新物种，所以“最糟糕的生态系统可能会最快地产生新物种”可以作为文章标题。故选D。 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的发现：多摄入蔬菜和水果对健康和皮肤有益。并分析多吃蔬菜和水果对健康和皮肤有益的原因。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段“They monitored the food intake of 35 people and took pictures of their faces, arms and hands using a sensitive camera at the start, and after three and six weeks. (他们监测了35人的食物摄入量，并在开始时以及三周和六周后使用灵敏的相机拍摄了他们的脸部，手臂和手部照片)”可知，他们用特殊的相机，每三个月拍一次照片，共拍摄三次，记录他们的脸部、手臂和手部。故选A。 6．词句猜测题。根据第二段“People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. (研究人员发现，在短短六周内增加摄入量的人会发展出健康的光泽，并且看起来更具吸引力)”及第三段“Increasing their intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day was found to make the person look healthier and an extra 3.3 portions could enhance their attractiveness, when their photographs were rated by others. (发现每天增加2.9份绿色蔬菜的摄入量可以使人看起来更健康，当他们的照片被其他人评分时，额外的3.3份绿色蔬菜可以增强他们的吸引力)”可知，多吃蔬菜和水果的人更能展现健康的光泽、看起来更有吸引力。由此推知，划线词appealing的意思是“有吸引力的”，与attractive意义一致。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第七段“There are hundreds of carotenoids but those thought to have the most dramatic effect are lycopene (番茄红素) which gives tomatoes and red peppers their red color and beta-carotene found in carrots as well as broccoli (西兰花), squash (南瓜), and spinach (菠菜). (有数百种类胡萝卜素，但那些被认为最具有显著效果的是番茄红素，它使西红柿和红辣椒具有红色，并在胡萝卜以及西兰花，南瓜和菠菜中发现的β-胡萝卜素)”可知，在数百种类胡萝卜素中，那些被认为最具有显著效果的是番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“You know eating fruit and vegetables is helpful. But did you know it can also make you look good? (你知道吃水果和蔬菜是有帮助的。但是你知道它也可以让你看起来很好吗？)”及第二段“People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. Scientists at St Andrews University found eating them subtly increased yellow and red pigments in the volunteers’ skin. (研究人员发现，在短短六周内增加摄入量的人会发展出健康的光泽，并且看起来更具吸引力。圣安德鲁斯大学的科学家发现，吃它们会微妙地增加志愿者皮肤中的黄色和红色色素)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的发现：多摄入蔬菜和水果对健康和皮肤有益。由此推知，文章的目的是告诉人们这一新发现。故选A。 七、七选五 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．F 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了造成青少年肥胖的几个因素。 【详解】1．分析句子结构可知，空格处与上文“that about 30% of the children in America aged 6 to 19”（大约30%的6到19岁的美国孩子）存在逻辑上的指代关系。选项C That is almost one out of three young Americans.（这几乎是三分之一的美国年轻人。）中的“That”指代的是前文中提到的“30% of the children”。故选C项。 2．上文“After all, children and young adults need nutrients（营养物）to grow.”说明孩子和青少年需要营养物质来成长。可知，前后文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系。前文提到，孩子和青少年需要营养物质来成长，此处进一步论述，结合选项E“所以对于他们来说，随着时间的流逝，体重增长是正常的”。符合此逻辑关系。故选E项。 3．由下文“Genes are one of the factors that can lead to it”（基因是导致肥胖的一个原因）可知，设空处位于段首，是该句的主题句。本段后面都是围绕此句进行展开说明的，即基因是导致肥胖的一个原因。结合选项B“但是什么导致孩子的肥胖呢？”符合此上下文逻辑，语意连贯。故选B项。 4．设空处与后文存在逻辑上的解释关系。空后的“For example, compared with going outside and doing some physical activities, children now prefer to sit still for hours in front of computers or TVs.”（例如，与外出和做一些体育活动相比，现在的孩子们更喜欢在电脑或电视前静坐几个小时。）是对上一论述的举例说明，此处应该描述休闲活动的改变。选项F“如今，我们的业余活动已经发生了很大的变化。”符合此推断。故选F项。 5．设空处位于段尾，对前一句进行解释。上文“But this is not always the children’s fault”说明孩子们爱吃零食，这并不总是他们的错。可推断此句为进一步解释说明。选项G“毕竟，在学校周围有很多提供各种各样零食的商店。”符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者回忆自己通过纸质词典学习单词的经历，并与儿子使用电子设备查询单词的方式形成对比，最终意识到学习的本质在于好奇心与求知欲。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. (不久前，我上五年级的儿子Kevin问我一本小说里某个词的意思。“查字典，”我回答。“但是我的屏幕使用时间已经用完了，”他说。我刻意地看向放着至少三本字典的书架，Kevin夸张地叹了口气。“你就不能用你的手机查吗？”他问道。)”可知，作者提示Kevin用纸质词典查单词，但他想用手机，说明Kevin通常使用电子设备来获取单词的意思。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” (我取下一本字典，我们一起读了几分钟，然后我把它递给了他。他试了好几次才找到那个词。在翻阅书页时，他睁大眼睛不停地说：“怎么会有这么多单词?”)”可知，Kevin查字典才发现有那么多单词，他感到很惊讶。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. (我的第一本字典是我13岁生日时的礼物。我决定要尽可能多地学习单词，并开始用铅笔在我查过的每个词条旁做标记来衡量自己的进步。我持续做这些铅笔标记多年，上大学时，我把那本字典装进了行李箱)”可知，作者的第一本字典见证了她进入大学之前的整个努力过程。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. (现在我明白了，虽然我的儿子可能以不同的方式学习，但他仍在学习。重要的不是单词本身或我们如何学习它们，而是想知道它们的欲望、好奇心和求知欲)”可知，作者意识到学习的真正关键在于动机和好奇心。 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 8．推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 2 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $