专题22 被动语态（专项训练）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 该专项以“基础-重难-真题”三级进阶为框架，聚焦被动语态核心时态（一般现在、过去、现在完成时），通过新情境语篇与真题实战，系统构建从基础应用到综合迁移的能力体系，提升语言运用与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|3考点（各含例题）|单句时态被动填空|从单一时态被动结构（概念生成）到基础应用| |重难·创新演练|5新情境（如仿生海龟机器人）|新情境语篇填空|结合跨学科语境（科技/文化）考查时态判断（原理应用）| |真题·实战演练|8真题（如2026北京卷）|综合语篇填空|跨情境综合迁移，体现高频考点（被动语态综合应用）的能力拓展|

第22讲 被动语态 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 2 真题·实战演练 4 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：动词的语态（主要：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时） 考点01 一般现在时的被动语态 1.（2026 北京卷）Universities __18__ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲 剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). 2.(2025·北京·高考) Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 考点02 一般过去时的被动语态 1.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 15 (name) the world’s oldest living man. 考点03 现在完成时的被动语态 1. So far, many ancient buildings in this area ______ (preserve) by local volunteers. 2. Up to now, thousands of environmental posters ______ (create) to raise people’s awareness of pollution. 3. Over the past ten years, lots of wetlands ______ (restore) around our city. 4. It is the first time that this folk art ______ (introduce) to overseas visitors. 5. Since 2020, more low-carbon products ______ (develop) by scientific researchers. 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 烤焦面包理论（P1）；仿生海龟机器人（P2）；健康记忆力（P3）；编辑照片对个人自我认知和心理健康的影响（P4）；围魏救赵（P5） 考向 被动语态考查 1 【新情境·烤焦面包理论】（2026·北京西城·二模） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The “burnt toast theory” means bad things happen for a reason — they make way for something better 11 (come). I wasn’t a believer in this theory until 2013, when I 12 (fire) and had a tough job search. A friend helped me score an interview for a company. Unfortunately, I didn’t get that job. I was really upset, and it felt like an even 13 (big) setback. However, months later, that company had a major crisis. By then, I 14 (find) my dream job already. I’ve since applied this theory to my own life and work. 2 【新情境·仿生海龟机器人】（2026届北京市东城区高三期末二模试题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Evan Budz, a 15-year-old from Canada, won first place at the 36th EU Contest for Young Scientists with his autonomous bionic sea turtle robot. He ____14____ (inspire) when he observed the movement of real turtles during a camping trip. His design enables smoother movement through water, ____15____ (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. ____16____ an AI-powered computer vision system, the robot monitors coral health and aids underwater surveys and coral reef protection. Budz’s innovation shows young people’s remarkable capability ____17____ (tackle) complex technical and environmental challenges. 3 【新情境·健康记忆力】（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Information in your brain 1 (collect), stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time 2 you are growing into a baby. 3 (keep) our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually. 4 【新情境·编辑照片对个人自我认知和心理健康的影响】（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A recent study published in BMC Psychology suggests that editing photos can 14 (negative) impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem. This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and 15 (treat) oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters. Nowadays, social media 16 (use) by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and 17 (anxious). 5 【新情境·围魏救赵】（2026湖南常德高三一模) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 真题·实战演练 高频考点：被动语态的综合应用 语法填空 1. 1.【新情境·三一律】（2026 北京卷）Universities __18__ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲 剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). 2.（2026浙江绍兴高三一模) The integration of robotics into daily life has transformed various aspects of individuals’ interaction with technology and their environments. Robots are not just futuristic concepts but present-day tools 56 boost efficiency and productivity through human collaboration 57 (handle) tasks from simple chores to complex operations. Humanoid robots, 58 (equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service. Their ability to engage with people on a social level allows them to provide companionship, support, and interactive learning experiences. Robotic assistants, in contrast, have made 59 (significance) progress into corporate world and personal spaces. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots 60 (design) to improve daily routines. They enable individuals to distribute their time and resources more 61 (efficient), allowing for a greater focus on strategic and creative efforts. 62 rise of robotics in daily life signifies a technological evolution and represents a fundamental shift in how authority and efficiency are perceived. Individuals and 63 (organize) can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world 64 embracing these innovations. The future is here, 65 those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge into a new era of productivity and engagement. 3.（北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期统练3英语试题) Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who 1 (identify) as a sufferer of dyslexia (阅读障碍) so far. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and 2 (help) them be confident, capable students. “Right now they feel 3 (stick) — ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.” 4.（2025重庆市西南大学附属中学一模) The Taklimakan Desert, infamous as the “Sea of Death”, has now been fully encircled by the longest sand-blocking green ecological barrier, ___36___ length reaches an impressive 3, 046 kilometers, ___37___ (mark) the completion of over 40 years of efforts to contain the desert expansion within a safety zone. Covering 337, 600 square kilometers, the Taklimakan is China’s largest drifting desert, which poses an ___38___ (increasing) alarming threat to surrounding oases (绿洲) and serves as a significant source of dust storms and an upwind area for the country. In an effort to battle desertification and relieve the unfavorable effects of shifting sands and dust storms ___39___ nearby residents, the “Green Great Wall” has gradually emerged. So far, alongside the green belt, efforts ___40___ (make) to promote the development of sand-related industries, such as ceramics and pottery. The green belt not only acts as ___41___ ecological barrier but also stabilizes agriculture, boosts Xinjiang’s economic development, and highlights China’s technological and organizational strength in ecological governance. It is a shining example of ___42___ can be achieved through technological innovation and organizational capabilities. With a target ___43___ (restore) 2. 34 million hectares of degraded land by 2030 this ongoing initiative will safeguard the environment and promote ___44___ (region) sustainable development. With the successful completion of the green barrier, this region, once troubled by serious sandstorms, is set to see renewed ___45___ (vital) and dynamic ecosystems. 5.（2026广东省大湾区一模) There is a saying about the southwestern Chinese province of Guizhou: “Not three feet of flat land, not three days without rain, not a family with three silver coins.” But, Tao Huabi, also known as China’s “____36____ (hot) woman”, has well and truly broken the rule ____37____ the help of an appetizing sauce. Tao Huabi, born in 1947, is ____38____ woman behind Lao Gan Ma, literally “Old Mother”, a hot and crunchy (脆的) sauce crafted from fried red chili peppers. Open a bottle, ____39____ you will spot a few peanuts, some crunchy salty beans and shiny oil mixed in. In China, the sauce is so popular, ____40____ (give) birth to Lao Gan Ma phone cases, clothing, pencil cases and the joke, according to a state-owned ____41____ (finance) news organization in China, that when a man gets ____42____ (marry), it is to two women: his wife and Tao Huabi. Besides, it is also increasingly well-received overseas, especially in the US, where several different versions ____43____ (appear) in recent years, including Fly By Jing and Momofuku chilli crunch, both of which avoid artificial flavor enhancers in favor of natural flavors. In 2016, Lao Gan Ma ____44____ (credit) with helping the historically poor Guizhou achieve 10.5% economic ____45____ (grow). As for the mother herself, an article described her as the queen of a “red kingdom” of chilli fields. 6.（2025年·海淀·一模） To drive real change, climate education must shift focus from global risks to personal and local impacts. People will act if the challenge ____18____ (feel) personal — not just about the planet, polar bears, or humanity ____19____ a whole. Sharing scientific facts isn’t enough; self-interest should figure in climate-education packages. Therefore, climate education should be tailored to each community. Messages are more effective when they ____20____ (deliver) in engaging ways to truly resonate with everyone. 7.（2025年·东城·一模） Researchers have discovered that dogs can identify the voices of different members of their human family. The research team tested 31 pet dogs. Three human caretakers of each dog ____15____ (ask) to record their voices. Then they sat quietly in front of the dog while the recording played. The dogs usually approached — or at least spent more time looking at — the person ____16____ voice they heard. Experts hope to study whether other mammals have this skill, so they can better understand ____17____ different species learn to communicate with each other. 8.（2025年·丰台·一模） In Traditional Chinese Medicine, cinnamon, known as “RouGui”, ____15____ (use) for centuries for its medicinal properties. It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it is believed to relieve pain and discomfort ____16____ (associate) with cold and damp conditions. Cinnamon can harmonize the body’s energies and enhance overall well-being, which makes it a must for those ____17____ want to improve their immune system. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第22讲 被动语态 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 2 真题·实战演练 8 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：动词的语态（主要：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时） 考点01 一般现在时的被动语态 1.（2026 北京卷）Universities __18__ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲 剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). 【答案】 18. are designed 【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：大学按照法国古典悲剧的三一律设计：时间、情节与地点。语态判断：主语 Universities（大学）和动词 design（设计）是被动关系：大学 “被设计”，要用被动语态（be done）。主谓一致：主语 universities 为复数。时态：根据后文时态可推知为一般现在时。故用are designed. 2.(2025·北京·高考) Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】16.are achieved 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 考点02 一般过去时的被动语态 1.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 15 (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【答案】was named 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 考点03 现在完成时的被动语态 1. So far, many ancient buildings in this area ______ (preserve) by local volunteers. 【答案】have been preserved 【解析】考查现在完成时被动语态。标志词 So far 为现在完成时信号；主语 buildings 与 preserve 是被动关系，结构为 have/has been done；主语是复数，助动词用 have。句意：到目前为止，这片区域的许多古建筑都被当地志愿者保护起来了。 2. Up to now, thousands of environmental posters ______ (create) to raise people’s awareness of pollution. 【答案】have been created 【解析】考查现在完成时被动。Up to now 是现完标志；posters 和 create 构成被动，主语复数用 have been done。句意：迄今为止，数千张环保海报已被制作出来，用以提升人们的防污染意识。 3. Over the past ten years, lots of wetlands ______ (restore) around our city. 【答案】have been restored 【解析】考查现在完成时被动。Over the past ten years 是现完时间标志；wetlands “湿地” 与 restore “修复” 被动，复数主语搭配 have been done。 4. It is the first time that this folk art ______ (introduce) to overseas visitors. 【答案】has been introduced 【解析】固定句型 It is the first time that… 从句用现在完成时；art 与 introduce 被动，单数主语用 has been done。 5. Since 2020, more low-carbon products ______ (develop) by scientific researchers. 【答案】have been developed 【解析】since + 年份为现在完成时标志；products 与 develop 被动，复数用 have been done。 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 烤焦面包理论（P1）；仿生海龟机器人（P2）；健康记忆力（P3）；编辑照片对个人自我认知和心理健康的影响（P4）；围魏救赵（P5） 考向 被动语态考查 1 【新情境·烤焦面包理论】（2026·北京西城·二模） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The “burnt toast theory” means bad things happen for a reason — they make way for something better 11 (come). I wasn’t a believer in this theory until 2013, when I 12 (fire) and had a tough job search. A friend helped me score an interview for a company. Unfortunately, I didn’t get that job. I was really upset, and it felt like an even 13 (big) setback. However, months later, that company had a major crisis. By then, I 14 (find) my dream job already. I’ve since applied this theory to my own life and work. 【答案】11. to come 12. was fired 13. bigger 14. had found 【导语】文章介绍了烤焦面包理论，寓意坏事发生是为更好的事物到来做铺垫，作者结合自己失业求职的亲身经历，印证了这一道理。 11. 考查非谓语动词。句意：坏事发生自有缘由，它们为即将到来的美好事物让路。不定式作后置定语，修饰不定代词 something，表即将到来的事物。 12. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：我一直都不相信这个说法，直到 2013 年我被辞退，开始艰难找工作。动作发生在过去，主语与解雇为被动关系，所以用一般过去时被动语态，因为主语为I，故用was fired。 13. 考查形容词比较级。句意：我心情十分低落，这仿佛成了更大的打击。副词 even 修饰形容词比较级，此处表达程度加深。 14. 考查动词的时态。句意：到那时，我早已找到了心仪的理想工作。by then 指代过去某个时间，动作发生在该时间之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。 2 【新情境·仿生海龟机器人】（2026届北京市东城区高三期末二模试题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Evan Budz, a 15-year-old from Canada, won first place at the 36th EU Contest for Young Scientists with his autonomous bionic sea turtle robot. He ____14____ (inspire) when he observed the movement of real turtles during a camping trip. His design enables smoother movement through water, ____15____ (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. ____16____ an AI-powered computer vision system, the robot monitors coral health and aids underwater surveys and coral reef protection. Budz’s innovation shows young people’s remarkable capability ____17____ (tackle) complex technical and environmental challenges. 【答案】14. was inspired 15. reducing 16. With 17. to tackle 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了加拿大15岁少年 Evan Budz 凭借自主仿生海龟机器人斩获欧盟青年科学家大赛一等奖，介绍了该机器人的设计灵感、优势、人工智能功能以及这项创新体现出年轻人应对科技与环境难题的能力。 【14题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：他在一次露营旅行中观察真实海龟的游动时，受到了启发。事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语He和inspire为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态was inspired。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的设计能让水下游动更加平稳，减少对脆弱水下生态系统的影响。句中已有谓语动词enables，故空处需填非谓语动词，此处表示自然而然带来的结果，用现在分词reducing作结果状语。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：借助一套人工智能计算机视觉系统，这款机器人能够监测珊瑚健康状况，助力水下勘测与珊瑚礁保护工作。空格后为名词短语，需用介词With表示“凭借、借助”。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Budz的创新成果展现了年轻人应对复杂技术与环境挑战的非凡能力。固定搭配capability to do sth.表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式to tackle作后置定语。 3 【新情境·健康记忆力】（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Information in your brain 1 (collect), stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time 2 you are growing into a baby. 3 (keep) our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually. 【答案】1．is collected 2．when 3．To keep 【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了大脑如何保持健康记忆力。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：大脑中的信息是通过神经通路收集、储存和回忆的。空处作谓语，information与动词collect构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述科学事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is collected。 2．考查定语从句。句意：数以百万计的神经通路从你成长为婴儿的时候就开始发育。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词time在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持我们的记忆健康，我们需要不断地创造新的路径。空处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填To keep。 4 【新情境·编辑照片对个人自我认知和心理健康的影响】（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A recent study published in BMC Psychology suggests that editing photos can 14 (negative) impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem. This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and 15 (treat) oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters. Nowadays, social media 16 (use) by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and 17 (anxious). 【答案】1．negatively 2．treating 3．is used 4．anxiety 【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了编辑照片对个人自我认知和心理健康的影响，并警示社交媒体用户注意其潜在负面影响。 1．考查副词。句意：最近发表在《BMC心理学》上的一项研究表明，编辑照片会对个人对自己的吸引力和整体自尊的看法产生负面影响。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词negatively修饰。故填negatively。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种联系似乎受到比较外表和把自己当作物体的影响。根据空前的and可知，空处应和前文的comparing并列，应填动名词形式。故填treating。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：如今，数以百万计的人使用社交媒体来联系和分享他们的生活。use作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填is used。 4．考查名词。句意：然而，研究表明，过度使用社交媒体可能会导致抑郁和焦虑等心理健康问题。根据空前的and可知，空处和前文的depression并列，应填名词作宾语，anxious的名词形式是anxiety。故填anxiety。 5 【新情境·围魏救赵】（2026湖南常德高三一模) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 【答案】36. involving 37. faced 38. where 39. to address 40. and 41. to 42. are adapted 43. withdrawal 44. competitive 45. a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代兵法策略“围魏救赵”的起源、核心含义以及在现代非军事领域的应用。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个名字来源于中国古代战国时期涉及魏国和赵国的一个历史事件。“(involve) the states of Wei and Zhao”作后置定语修饰名词incident，involve (涉及)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语incident之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填involving。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：当赵国面临魏国的攻击时，齐国采用这一策略，对魏国发动攻击，迫使他们从赵国撤军，以保卫自己的领土。face(面临)是从句谓语动词，根据句意和上下文可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填faced。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“_____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision”是定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系词在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“(address) a more pressing threat”是“abandoning their offensive position”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to address。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：它利用了出其不意的因素以及攻击意外目标带来的心理影响。“the element of surprise”和“the psychological impact”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：通过将战场转移到一个较弱的地区，这一策略不仅打乱了敌人的计划，而且在不进行直接战斗的情况下获得了战术优势。shift...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……转移到……”。故填to。 【42题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在当代环境中，“围魏救赵”的原则已被应用于各种非军事领域。adapt(使适应)是谓语动词，与主语principles之间是被动关系，结合语境可知，描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are adapted。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：在商业领域，公司通过攻击竞争对手的薄弱市场或产品来应用这一策略，迫使其进行战略撤退。提示词作宾语，用名词withdrawal，意为“撤退”，是不可数名词。故填withdrawal。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同样，在体育比赛中，球队充分利用对手的防守失误来获得竞争优势。提示词作定语修饰名词advantage，用形容词competitive，意为“竞争的”。故填competitive。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这一策略为在不同背景下应对挑战提供了一个有价值的框架。framework(框架)是可数名词单数形式，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词限定，且valuable发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 真题·实战演练 高频考点：被动语态的综合应用 语法填空 1. 1.【新情境·三一律】（2026 北京卷）Universities __18__ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲 剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). 【答案】 18. are designed /have been designed 【解析】考查一般现在时/现在完成时的被动语态。句意：大学按照法国古典悲剧的三一律设计：时间、情节与地点。语态判断：主语 Universities（大学）和动词 design（设计）是被动关系：大学 “被设计”，要用被动语态（be done）。主谓一致：主语 universities 为复数。时态：根据后文时态可推知为一般现在时。故用are designes.也可以理解为迄今为止的现象，可以用现在完成时的被动语态。 2.（2026浙江绍兴高三一模) The integration of robotics into daily life has transformed various aspects of individuals’ interaction with technology and their environments. Robots are not just futuristic concepts but present-day tools 56 boost efficiency and productivity through human collaboration 57 (handle) tasks from simple chores to complex operations. Humanoid robots, 58 (equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service. Their ability to engage with people on a social level allows them to provide companionship, support, and interactive learning experiences. Robotic assistants, in contrast, have made 59 (significance) progress into corporate world and personal spaces. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots 60 (design) to improve daily routines. They enable individuals to distribute their time and resources more 61 (efficient), allowing for a greater focus on strategic and creative efforts. 62 rise of robotics in daily life signifies a technological evolution and represents a fundamental shift in how authority and efficiency are perceived. Individuals and 63 (organize) can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world 64 embracing these innovations. The future is here, 65 those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge into a new era of productivity and engagement. 【答案】 56．which/that 57．to handle 58．equipped 59．significant 60．are designed 61．efficiently 62．The 63．organizations 64．by 65．and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人融入日常生活对人们与技术及环境互动方式的变革，以及机器人应用带来的多方面影响和未来发展趋势。 56．考查定语从句。句意：机器人不仅仅是未来的概念，而是当今的工具，通过人机协作来提高效率和生产力，处理从简单家务到复杂操作的任务。空处引导定语从句，先行词是tools，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，用动词不定式。故填to handle。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：配备人工智能的人形机器人越来越多地应用于医疗保健、教育和客户服务等领域。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，Humanoid robots和equip是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填equipped。 59．考查形容词。句意：相比之下，机器人助手在商业世界和个人空间中取得了重大进展。空处修饰名词progress作定语，需用形容词形式。故填significant。 60．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：从机器人吸尘器到高级编程机器人，这些机器人旨在改善日常生活。空处为谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语these robots是复数，并且和谓语动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are designed。 61．考查副词。句意：它们使个人能够更有效地分配时间和资源，从而能够更专注于战略性和创造性的工作。空处修饰动词distribute，需用副词形式。故填efficiently。 62．考查冠词。句意：机器人在日常生活中的兴起标志着技术的进化，也代表着人们对权威和效率的认知发生了根本性的转变。rise为可数名词，此处表示特指，需用定冠词the，位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。 63．考查名词。句意：个人和组织可以通过接受这些创新，使自己处于快速发展世界的前沿。and连接并列成分，空处和Individuals并列，需填名词复数形式。故填organizations。 64．考查介词。句意同上。结合语境可知，此处表示“通过”，后接动名词作宾语，需用介词by。故填by。 65．考查连词。句意：未来就在这里，那些能够使用这些工具的人必将引领进入一个生产力和参与度的新时代。结合语境可知，前后句之间是并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 3.（北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期统练3英语试题) Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who 1 (identify) as a sufferer of dyslexia (阅读障碍) so far. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and 2 (help) them be confident, capable students. “Right now they feel 3 (stick) — ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.” 【答案】1．have been identified 2．helping 3．stuck 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Skye意识到自己是阅读障碍患者，并希望通过教育教师和提供工具来帮助有类似情况的学生建立自信。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：Skye意识到自己是迄今为止被认定为阅读障碍患者之一的幸运孩子之一。空格处是who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，who指代先行词the lucky kids，与“identify”之间是被动关系，且根据“so far”可知，动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故用现在完成时被动语态。故填have been identified。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：她知道教育教师了解阅读障碍，并为有学习挑战的学生提供他们所需的工具，是直面阅读障碍的重要第一步，并帮助他们成为自信、有能力的学生。作介词in的宾语，与meeting并列，用动名词helping作宾语。故填helping。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在他们感到困顿——对自己的学业感到羞愧、不确定和不安全。they与stick为被动关系，此处feel为系动词，后接过去分词stuck作表语。故填stuck。 4.（2025重庆市西南大学附属中学一模) The Taklimakan Desert, infamous as the “Sea of Death”, has now been fully encircled by the longest sand-blocking green ecological barrier, ___36___ length reaches an impressive 3, 046 kilometers, ___37___ (mark) the completion of over 40 years of efforts to contain the desert expansion within a safety zone. Covering 337, 600 square kilometers, the Taklimakan is China’s largest drifting desert, which poses an ___38___ (increasing) alarming threat to surrounding oases (绿洲) and serves as a significant source of dust storms and an upwind area for the country. In an effort to battle desertification and relieve the unfavorable effects of shifting sands and dust storms ___39___ nearby residents, the “Green Great Wall” has gradually emerged. So far, alongside the green belt, efforts ___40___ (make) to promote the development of sand-related industries, such as ceramics and pottery. The green belt not only acts as ___41___ ecological barrier but also stabilizes agriculture, boosts Xinjiang’s economic development, and highlights China’s technological and organizational strength in ecological governance. It is a shining example of ___42___ can be achieved through technological innovation and organizational capabilities. With a target ___43___ (restore) 2. 34 million hectares of degraded land by 2030 this ongoing initiative will safeguard the environment and promote ___44___ (region) sustainable development. With the successful completion of the green barrier, this region, once troubled by serious sandstorms, is set to see renewed ___45___ (vital) and dynamic ecosystems. 【答案】36. whose 37. marking 38. increasingly 39. on##upon 40. have been made 41. an 42. what 43. to restore 44. regional 45. vitality 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述历经40余年，中国在塔克拉玛干沙漠建成最长防沙屏障，它遏制沙漠扩张，推动产业发展，助力生态恢复。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：塔克拉玛干沙漠，因其“死亡之海”而声名狼藉，如今已被最长的防沙绿色生态屏障完全环绕，其长度达到了令人惊叹的3046公里，标志着40多年来将沙漠扩张控制在安全区域内的努力得以完成。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为the longest sand-blocking green ecological barrier，在从句中作定语，所以应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：塔克拉玛干沙漠，因其 “死亡之海” 而声名狼藉，如今已被最长的防沙绿色生态屏障完全环绕，其长度达到了令人惊叹的3046公里，标志着40多年来将沙漠扩张控制在安全区域内的努力得以完成。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，mark与前面的句子是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填marking。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：塔克拉玛干沙漠面积达33.76万平方公里，是中国最大的流动沙漠，它对周围的绿洲构成了越来越严重的威胁，并且是该国沙尘暴的重要源头和上风向地区。alarming是形容词，修饰形容词应用副词作状语。故填increasingly。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：为了对抗沙漠化，减轻流沙和沙尘暴对附近居民的不利影响，“绿色长城”逐渐形成。分析句子可知，这里考查“relieve the effects on/upon...”，是固定搭配，表示“减轻对…… 的影响”，所以此处应用介词on或者upon。故填on或upon。 【40题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，除了绿化带之外，人们已经努力推动了与沙子相关的产业发展，比如制陶业。分析句子可知。这里考查谓语动词，efforts与make之间是被动关系，再根据So far可知，句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”，主语efforts是复数，助动词用have。故填have been made。 【41题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这条绿化带不仅是一道生态屏障，而且稳定了农业，促进了新疆的经济发展，突显了中国在生态治理方面的技术和组织实力。分析句子可知，ecological barrier是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一道生态屏障”，应用不定冠词，ecological是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 【42题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这是一个通过技术创新和组织能力能够实现的成就的光辉典范。分析句子可知，of后面是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“所……的事情”，所以应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：到2030年，该正在进行的计划的目标是恢复234万公顷的退化土地，这将保护生态环境并促进地区的可持续发展。target后常用动词不定式作后置定语，a target to do sth.表示“做某事的目标”。故填to restore。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：到2030年，该正在进行的计划的目标是恢复234万公顷的退化土地，这将保护生态环境并促进地区的可持续发展。分析句子可知，development是名词，修饰名词应用形容词作定语。故填regional。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着绿色屏障的成功建成，这个曾经饱受严重沙尘暴困扰的地区将迎来新的生机和充满活力的生态系统。空处作see的宾语，名词vitality，表示“活力；生机”，符合句意，不可数。故填vitality。 5.（2026广东省大湾区一模) There is a saying about the southwestern Chinese province of Guizhou: “Not three feet of flat land, not three days without rain, not a family with three silver coins.” But, Tao Huabi, also known as China’s “____36____ (hot) woman”, has well and truly broken the rule ____37____ the help of an appetizing sauce. Tao Huabi, born in 1947, is ____38____ woman behind Lao Gan Ma, literally “Old Mother”, a hot and crunchy (脆的) sauce crafted from fried red chili peppers. Open a bottle, ____39____ you will spot a few peanuts, some crunchy salty beans and shiny oil mixed in. In China, the sauce is so popular, ____40____ (give) birth to Lao Gan Ma phone cases, clothing, pencil cases and the joke, according to a state-owned ____41____ (finance) news organization in China, that when a man gets ____42____ (marry), it is to two women: his wife and Tao Huabi. Besides, it is also increasingly well-received overseas, especially in the US, where several different versions ____43____ (appear) in recent years, including Fly By Jing and Momofuku chilli crunch, both of which avoid artificial flavor enhancers in favor of natural flavors. In 2016, Lao Gan Ma ____44____ (credit) with helping the historically poor Guizhou achieve 10.5% economic ____45____ (grow). As for the mother herself, an article described her as the queen of a “red kingdom” of chilli fields. 【答案】36. hottest 37. with 38. the 39. and 40. giving 41. financial 42. married 43. have appeared 44. was credited 45. growth 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“老干妈”创始人陶华碧凭借辣酱打破贫困规则，带领贵州经济发展。 【36题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：但是，有“中国最火辣女人”之称的陶华碧，在一种开胃酱的帮助下，彻底打破了这个规则。根据句意和常识可知，陶华碧被称为“中国最火辣的女人”，所以空处需用形容词最高级hottest。故填hottest。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：但是，有“中国最火辣女人”之称的陶华碧，在一种开胃酱的帮助下，彻底打破了这个规则。with the help of“在……的帮助下”，固定短语。故填with。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：陶华碧出生于1947年，是“老干妈”背后的女人，“老干妈”字面意思是“老妈妈”，是一种由油炸红辣椒制成的辛辣酥脆的酱料。根据空后“woman behind Lao Gan Ma”可知，此处特指“老干妈”背后的女人，所以空处需用定冠词the。故填the。 【39题详解】 考查连词。句意：打开一瓶，你会发现里面混有几颗花生、一些酥脆的咸豆和闪亮的油。本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”固定句型，表示顺承关系，所以空处需用连词and连接前后句。故填and。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，这种酱非常受欢迎，催生了老干妈手机壳、衣服、铅笔盒，以及一个玩笑：据中国一家国有财经新闻机构报道，当一个男人结婚时，他是和两个女人结婚：他的妻子和陶华碧。本句已有谓语动词is，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，空前主语the sauce与动词give之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词giving作状语。故填giving。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在中国，这种酱非常受欢迎，催生了老干妈手机壳、衣服、铅笔盒，以及一个玩笑：据中国一家国有财经新闻机构报道，当一个男人结婚时，他是和两个女人结婚：他的妻子和陶华碧。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词news organization，finance的形容词为financial“财经的”。故填financial。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。get married“结婚”，固定短语。故填married。 【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：此外，它在海外也越来越受欢迎，尤其是在美国，近年来出现了几个不同的版本，包括Fly By Jing和Momofuku chilli crunch，这两款都避免使用人工增味剂，而选择天然香料。根据时间状语in recent years可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/has done，主语是复数versions，所以空处助动词需用have。故填have appeared。 【44题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2016年，“老干妈”被认为帮助历史上贫穷的贵州实现了10.5%的经济增长。根据时间状语In 2016可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时态；Lao Gan Ma与credit之间是被动关系，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时态的被动语态：was/were done，主语是单数Lao Gan Ma，所以空处be动词需用was。故填was credited。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：2016年，“老干妈”被认为帮助历史上贫穷的贵州实现了10.5%的经济增长。空处需用名词作动词achieve的宾语，grow的名词为growth“增长”，不可数名词。故填growth。 6.（2025年·海淀·一模） To drive real change, climate education must shift focus from global risks to personal and local impacts. People will act if the challenge ____18____ (feel) personal — not just about the planet, polar bears, or humanity ____19____ a whole. Sharing scientific facts isn’t enough; self-interest should figure in climate-education packages. Therefore, climate education should be tailored to each community. Messages are more effective when they ____20____ (deliver) in engaging ways to truly resonate with everyone. 【答案】18. feels 19. as 20. are delivered 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文简单概括了气候教育需要转变的重点：从关注全球风险转向关注个人和当地的影响，以促使人们真正行动起来应对气候变化。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如果挑战让人感觉与自己息息相关，人们就会采取行动——而不仅仅是关乎地球、北极熊或整个人类。设空处使用动词作 if引导条件状语从句中的谓语动词，符合“主将从现”原则即用一般现在时表将来，主语为the challenge，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填feels。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：如果挑战让人感觉与自己息息相关，人们就会采取行动——而不仅仅是关乎地球、北极熊或整个人类。设空处使用介词与后文构成介词短语作状语，结合句意，表示“作为整体”用短语为as a whole。故填as。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：当信息以吸引人的方式传递，真正引起每个人的共鸣时，信息会更有效。设空处使用动词作when引导时间状语从句的谓语动词，从句陈述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且主语为they，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are delivered。 7.（2025年·东城·一模） Researchers have discovered that dogs can identify the voices of different members of their human family. The research team tested 31 pet dogs. Three human caretakers of each dog ____15____ (ask) to record their voices. Then they sat quietly in front of the dog while the recording played. The dogs usually approached — or at least spent more time looking at — the person ____16____ voice they heard. Experts hope to study whether other mammals have this skill, so they can better understand ____17____ different species learn to communicate with each other. 【答案】15. were asked 16. whose 17. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现狗能识别主人声音及后续研究期望。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：每只狗的三位人类照顾者被要求录制他们的声音。结合前文的tested可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，且动词ask与主语Three human caretakers之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were asked。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些狗通常会靠近——或者至少花更多时间看着——它们听到声音的那个人。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the person，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰voice，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【17题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：专家们希望研究其他哺乳动物是否也有这种技能，以便他们能更好地理解不同物种是如何学会相互交流的。空格处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how。故填how。 8.（2025年·丰台·一模） In Traditional Chinese Medicine, cinnamon, known as “RouGui”, ____15____ (use) for centuries for its medicinal properties. It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it is believed to relieve pain and discomfort ____16____ (associate) with cold and damp conditions. Cinnamon can harmonize the body’s energies and enhance overall well-being, which makes it a must for those ____17____ want to improve their immune system. 【答案】15. has been used 16. associated 17. who 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中医中桂皮的历史以及作用。 【15题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在传统中医中，桂皮因其药用特性已被使用了几个世纪。主语cinnamon与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文for centuries可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been used。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它被认为是一种温暖的草药，这意味着它被认为可以缓解与寒冷和潮湿环境有关的疼痛和不适。此处associate与pain and discomfort为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填associated。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：肉桂可以协调身体的能量，增强整体健康，这使得它成为那些想要提高免疫系统的人的必需品。定语从句修饰先行词those，关系词在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $