Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 重点词汇讲练用记 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦选择性必修二Unit 1重点词汇讲练用记，以词汇的理解、拓展与应用为整体学习目标，通过“讲-练-用-记”四步递进设计，从基础释义到考点拓展、语境应用，构建连贯的词汇知识学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性。 亮点在于多维度词汇深度学习任务设计，如派生词转化、熟词生义辨析、真题语境应用等，培养学生语言能力（词汇运用）、思维品质（分析比较）和学习能力（策略掌握）。例如“frustrate”的语境串记帮助区分情感词汇，“suspect与doubt”的易混辨析提升思维层次，为学生提供系统复习支架，为教师单元教学提供清晰指导。

选择性必修二Unit 1 Part I 重点词汇讲练用记 Reading and Thinking 1.severe [sɪˈvɪə(r)/] adj.严厉的；严重的；剧烈的；严格的；严峻的 A severe storm turned the small village down to ground.一场剧烈的风暴把小村夷为平地。 【考点拓展】 severely adv.非常严重地；严厉地，严肃地 severity n 严 重 ①The author tries to illustrate the _______(severe) of the microplastic problem by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4.(2025• 全国I卷)作者试图通过在第4段提到瓶装水来说明微塑料问题的严重性。 ②The accident left the boy _______(severe) brain-damaged and almost totally relied on others.事故造成男孩大脑严重损伤，几乎完全依赖他人。 ①severity②severely 【熟词生义】 adj. 古板的； (外貌、外观)简朴的，朴素的,不加修饰的 To be honest , these modern furniture is too severe for my taste.老实说，这些现代家具太古板了，不合我的口味。 The cushions add a touch of colour in a room that might otherwise look severe. 靠垫给房间添了一抹亮色，不然房间看上去可能太素净了。 2.frustrate[frʌˈstreɪt] v. 挫败, 阻挠, 使感到灰心, 阻止 The trouble is that he frustrates very easily.他的毛病是他很容易泄气。 【考点拓展】 frustrated adj.懊恼的，沮丧的，失望的 be frustrated in在...方面归于失败 frustrating adj.令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的 frustration n.懊恼，沮丧；受阻，挫败 ①After three hours' ______ (frustrate) delay, the train at last arrived.(读后续写之细节描写)经过三个小时令人厌烦的耽搁后,火车终于到达了目的地。 ②We reached the station half a minute too late, and with a sense of ______ (frustrate)we saw our train disappearing around the bend. (读后续写之细节描写)我们到达车站太迟了一点，当看到火车正消失在拐弯处时，我们有种失意感。 ③The prisoner was ______ (frustrate)in his attempts to escape by a watchful guard. 犯人企图逃跑，但被一个警惕的看守发现。因而他们的计划宣告失败。①frustrating②frustration③frustrated 【易混辨析】frustrate, thwart, baffle, balk frustrate指“ 尽一切努力使计划等成为泡影”； thwart 指“阻挠某人正在做的事”； baffle 指“通过混乱使别人受阻”； balk 指“设置障碍、困难等以阻止某人做某事”。 【语境串记】 Everyone may have his or her frustration in life.Sometimes the frustrating experiences make me frustrated.每个人在生活中都会遇到挫折。有时令人沮丧的经历让我感到沮丧。 3.infect [ɪnˈfekt] v. 感染，传染 As we all know, a single mosquito can infect a large number of people.我们都知道，一只蚊子就能传染很多人。 【考点拓展】 infected adj. 被传染的 infectious adj. 有传染性的; 易传染的; 有感染力的 infection n. 传染，感染，影响 disinfect vt. 除去（感染），给…消毒 ①The poor young man had become ______ (infect) with AIDS from an improperly sterilized(注射的) needle.(读后续写之细节描写)这个可怜的年轻人因为使用了消毒不当的针头而感染了艾滋病。 ②If not dealt with properly, this ______ (infect) disease may seriously affect our normal life.(应用文之健康类)如果处理不当，这种传染病可能会严重影响我们的正常生活。 ③Two health workers _______(infect) each car goes through the village .(应用文之报道) 两名防疫人员给每一辆进出村子的车子进行了消毒。 ①infected②infectious③disinfected 【语境串记】 Although this infectious disease may seriously affect our normal life, There was no danger of transmitting the infection through operations.虽然这种传染病可能严重影响我们的正常生活，但没有通过手术传播感染的危险。 4.subscribe [səbˈskraɪb] v.订购;订阅;赞同;定期捐助 Do you subscribe to the idea of living a low-carbon life?你认同低碳生活的理念吗？ 【考点拓展】 subscribe ... to... 在.......上签署......；向.......捐赠....... subscriber n.(杂志等)订阅者;定期捐赠者 subscription n.订阅;订阅费;定期捐款 ①I have been a ___________(subscribe) to Newsweek for many years.我已是《新闻周刊》一名多年的订户。 ②Although this library was open to everyone, all readers had to pay a membership or_______(subscribe) fee in order to borrow books虽然这个图书馆对所有人开放，但所有读者都必须支付会员费或订阅费才能借书。 ①subscriber②subscription 【句式升级】 My reason for subscribing to China Daily is to know about what happened in China and the world. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 China Daily is to know about what happened in China and the world.(定语从句)  The reason why I subscribe to 5.prove [pruːv] vt. 证明；证实 Although she'd had childhood dreams of exploring the world and studied international business with a desire to pursue a career in Toronto, finding a job proved more difficult than she'd expected.(2026• 浙江1月卷)尽管她儿时曾梦想探索世界，并曾攻读国际商务专业，渴望在多伦多发展职业生涯，但找到工作的过程却比她预期的更为困难。 【考点拓展】 prove sth. to sb. 　　　　 向某人证明某事 prove +宾语(+to be)+adj. /n. 证明某人/物是…… It’s proved that. . . 据证明…… proof n. 证明, 证据 ①She may prove________(be) the most suitable person for the job.  她结果可能是最适合干这工作的人。 ②“Our cooperation is truly________(prove) of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira.(2026• 浙江1月卷)“我们的合作充分证明了索尔克研究所的科研工作之所以如此独特且具有深远影响力的原因，”佩雷拉表示。 ① to be② proof 【句式升级】 The method is proved to be more efficient. (用形式主语改写) →____________________ the method is more efficient.   It is proved that 【熟词生义】 proof n.校样 She was checking the proofs of her latest novel. 她正在审阅她的新小说的校样。 6.suspect [səˈspekt] v.猜想，怀疑，觉得 She has more intelligence than we suspected her to possess. 她比我们猜想的要聪明得多。 n.嫌疑犯, 嫌疑分子 Police have arrested a suspect in a series of killings in the city. 警方逮捕了该市一系列杀人案的嫌疑人。 【考点拓展】 suspect sb. of doing sth. 　　怀疑某人做某事 suspect sb. to have done 怀疑某人做了某事 suspect sb./sth. as/to be... 怀疑某人/某物为…… suspect that... 怀疑…… suspect whether... 怀疑是否…… suspicion n. 怀疑;嫌疑 suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的;令人怀疑的 ①The police suspect himof ________(steal) the old woman's money.警察怀疑他偷了老妇人的钱。 ②I’m a bit _______(suspect) about the package that’s been left in the corridor. 我对留在走廊里的那个包裹有点怀疑。 ③Imagine that someone in your neighborhood broke the law, and the judge put the whole neighborhood under _______(suspect).想象一下，如果你的邻居触犯了法律，法官就会怀疑整个区域的邻里。 ④From what he did yesterday, I suspected him ________ (be) the spy.从他昨天的所作所为来看，我怀疑他是间谍。 ⑤She suspected________ it was a trick to get her involved in the matter，for she knew them too well.她怀疑这是不是一个把她卷进这件事的圈套，因为她太了解他们了。 ①stealing②suspicious③suspicion④ to be⑤whether 【易混辨析】doubt, suspect doubt 普通用词，多指因证据不足或仅凭证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑，多含否定意味。 suspect 指猜疑、疑心，肯定意味较多。 7.blame[bleɪm] vt.责备;谴责;把……归咎于 Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame.(2025• 天津卷)我们依赖于感知血液中的二氧化碳含量，而不是氧气含量，这可能是罪魁祸首。 n.过失;责备 Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of blame.(读后续写之细节描写) 没什么能把我从极度自责中解脱出来。 As far as the cause of the accident is concerned，I think，it is the driver of the lorry who should take the blame.对于事故的原因，我认为卡车司机应该负责。 【考点拓展】 blame sb. for. . . 因某事责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 put/lay the blame on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth. 对某事承担责任 在be to blame (for)短语中，不定式用主动语态表示被动含义。 ①I often had crazy dreams in which I was__________________ Miller's accident. 我经常梦到我应当为米勒的事故负责。 ②The expert____________________________ linked to the river. 专家把这里的污染归咎于与这条河相连的大工厂。 ③I'm not going to sit around and____________________________ a mistake he made.(读后续写之细节描写) 我不会闲坐着，为他犯的错误承担责任。 ①to blame for② blamed the pollution here on the large factory③ take the blame for 一句多译 我们不应当把孩子们的错怪罪在他们身上。 ①We shouldn't ___________________________the mistakes they have made.(blame sb. for) ②The children should ___________________________the mistakes they have made.(be to blame for ) ③We shouldn't ___________________________ them.(blame sth. on sb. ) ①blame the children for ②not be to blame for ③blame the mistakes the children have made on 【易混辨析】blame/ scold/criticize blame是日常用语，表示一般的责备，语气比较轻，没有怒骂、申诉的意思。有时这种责怪情绪不一定表露出来； scold“责骂”、“呵责”、“申斥”，但不是辱骂，而是在发怒的情况下埋怨地数说，喋喋不休地斥责。通常用于父母对子女、夫妻之间、上级对下属或主人对仆人的责骂； criticize有“批评”、“评论”、“非难”、“挑剔”等意思，特别指对思想、言论、文章、行为等指出错误加以评论。 8.handle[ˈhænd(ə)l] n. 柄, 把手, 把柄, 口实, 手感 There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer, but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. (2025• 天津卷)有时候我把刀柄当锤子用，但如果我手边有一个更合适的工具，结果会更好。 v.拿；处理，应付；操纵；触（球）；经营，管理 If any chemical container is knocked over, DON’T PANIC! Tell me immediately and I’ll handle the cleanup. (2026• 全国I卷)如果化学品容器被碰倒，请不要惊慌！立即告诉我，我会负责清理。 【易混辨析】handle , manipulate, operate handle指具有一定的熟练技巧、能使用某种工具或用手操纵机械； manipulate操纵，比handle具有更高的熟练技巧，多用于操纵机械； operate操作，开动(机器)使其保持运转。 9.link [lɪŋk] n.联系;纽带;链接 To obtain the article or chapter，click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account.要获取文章或章节，请点击电子邮件中提供的链接并登录您的ILL帐户。 v.把……连接起来;相关联 Some scents are linked to cultural heritage.(2026• 北京卷) 一些气味与文化遗产相关联。 【考点拓展】 link...to/with...把……和……连接起来 be linked to/with...和……有联系 a link between... and... ……与……之间的联系 link up (with) 连接;联系 ①Volunteering during teenage years has been _________ some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.(2025• 全国II卷)青少年时期的志愿活动与一些主要的积极影响有关，比如提高成绩和增强自信心。 ②Johnson has also investigated the _______________.(2025• 北京卷)约翰逊还研究了幸福感和某些故事主题之间的联系。 ①linked to②link between well-being and certain story themes 【语境串记】 This Old Silk Road linked China with the West in ancient times. The countries linked up did business easily with each other. The link between China and the Western countries benefited all the countries.这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。联合起来的国家彼此之间很容易进行贸易。中国和西方国家的这种联系使得所有的国家都受益。 10.pure[pjʊə(r)] adj. 纯的，不掺杂质的；；纯真的；干净的，不含有害物质的；完全的，纯粹的 The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning.(2025• 北京卷)成功的感觉不再与我的成绩挂钩，而是与纯粹的学习乐趣挂钩。 【考点拓展】 purity n.洁净，纯净；纯洁 purify v.使（某物）洁净，净化；变纯净 ①The poet was in harmony with nature, and gained happiness and spiritual ______(pure).(应用文之诗歌评论)诗人与自然和谐相处，获得了幸福和精神上的纯洁。 ②Plants can also help to ______(pure) the water quality, reduce pollution and improve environment.(应用文之环保)植物还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。 ①purity②purify 【语境串记】 The pure drinking water in the classroom has been purified by the teacher. The teacher purely takes the problem seriously.教室里的纯净饮用水已经被老师净化了。老师非常认真地对待这个问题。 11.substantial [səbˈstænʃ(ə)l] adj. 大量的; 结实的，牢固的; 重大的 The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet.(2025• 浙江1月卷)这对园丁和地球都有巨大的好处。 【考点拓展】 substantially adv. 本质上，实质上; 大体上; 充分地; 相当多地 He checked the details given and found them _______( substantial) correct. 他核实了一下给出的细节，发现它们基本正确。 substantially 12.decrease [dɪˈkriːs] v. 减;减少,减小 Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. (2025• 全国II卷)植物可以在几个方面改善我们的精神状态，但最大的是通过降低我们体内的应激激素皮质醇的水平。 n. 减少，减小，减少额，减小量 Not enough sleep will have an impact on our health, leading to a decrease in learning efficiency.(应用文之建议信)睡眠不足会影响我们的健康，导致学习效率下降。 【考点拓展】 on the decrease在减少中; decrease to减少到 decrease by 减少了 decrease in size by...(尺寸)减少... decreasingly adv. 渐减地；渐渐减少地 ①The number of poor men is _________________ as the economy is growing.(应用文之发言稿)随着经济发展，贫困人口数量正在减少。 ②Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂_________ (decrease).(2025• 天津卷)因为每次我们浮出水面并吸气，我们对二氧化碳的敏感度就会降低。 ③The population of this town ___________________________in the last three years.这个城镇的人口近三年以来增长了0. 3%。 ④It seems _________(decreasing) likely that prisoners will get the chance to vote in Britain's general election next year, which must take place by June 3rd. 明年英国大选必须在6月3日之前举行，囚犯获得投票机会的可能性似乎越来越小。 ①on the decrease②decreases ③has increased by zero point three percent ④decreasingly 13.thank[θæŋk] v.感谢，向……表示谢意 Thank you. Then I can place the order.(2025• 全国II卷)谢谢你！然后我就可以下订单了。 n.感谢 They accepted their certificates with words of thanks. 他们一边道谢，一边接过证书。 【考点拓展】 thankful adj. 感激的，感谢的 thankfully adv. 感激地，满怀感谢地 thanks to 由于，幸亏 ①The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, ___________the absence of smog. (2025• 全国II卷)我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾。 ②________(thankful), there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. (2024• 新课标I卷)值得庆幸的是，还有很长的队伍在等着上车。 ③As I grow older, I’m more and more ________(thank) for my small town roots. (2026• 全国I卷)随着年龄增长，我越来越感激自己来自小镇的根。 ①thanks to ②Thankfully③thankful 【帮你记词】 常见的表示原因的词组还有：owing to, because of, on account of, as a result of, due to, for the reason of, accounting for等。 14.transform [trænsˈfɔːm] v.转化;转换;改造 AI transforms a standard museum trip into a personalized and interactive adventure.(2026• 全国I卷)人工智能将普通的博物馆参观转变为个性化且互动性强的探索之旅。 【考点拓展】 transform...into... 把……转变成…… transform from...to/into... 从……转变为…… transformative adj.有改革能力的，起改造作用的 transformation n. 转化; 改变 ①Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create ________(transform) progress to benefit all communities.(2025• 北京卷)指导您为现实世界的挑战开发创新的解决方案，并创造变革性的进步，以造福所有社区。 ②From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has undergone remarkable _____________(transform).  (2024• 全国甲卷应用文)从马车到今天便利的交通工具，中国的交通发生了显著的变化。 ③(2023•新高考Ⅱ卷)Artists have used books as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes ________ paintings and sculptures. 艺术家们把书籍作为艺术品的原材料——把封面、书页甚至整卷书变成绘画和雕塑。 ① transformative②transformations③into 【句式升级】 I’m fully aware that the experience from my life abroad has totally changed me. →I’m fully aware that_________________________________________.(强调句型)  It’s the experience from my life abroad that has totally transformed me 【语境串记】 Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another. This transformation is non­stop.每时每刻，能量都在从一种形式转化为另一种形式。这种转变是不间断的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修二Unit 1 Part I 重点词汇讲练用记 Reading and Thinking 1.severe [sɪˈvɪə(r)/] adj.严厉的；严重的；剧烈的；严格的；严峻的 A severe storm turned the small village down to ground.一场剧烈的风暴把小村夷为平地。 【考点拓展】 severely adv.非常严重地；严厉地，严肃地 severity n 严 重 ①The author tries to illustrate the _______(severe) of the microplastic problem by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4.(2025• 全国I卷)作者试图通过在第4段提到瓶装水来说明微塑料问题的严重性。 ②The accident left the boy _______(severe) brain-damaged and almost totally relied on others.事故造成男孩大脑严重损伤，几乎完全依赖他人。 【熟词生义】 adj. 古板的； (外貌、外观)简朴的，朴素的,不加修饰的 To be honest , these modern furniture is too severe for my taste.老实说，这些现代家具太古板了，不合我的口味。 The cushions add a touch of colour in a room that might otherwise look severe. 靠垫给房间添了一抹亮色，不然房间看上去可能太素净了。 2.frustrate[frʌˈstreɪt] v. 挫败, 阻挠, 使感到灰心, 阻止 The trouble is that he frustrates very easily.他的毛病是他很容易泄气。 【考点拓展】 frustrated adj.懊恼的，沮丧的，失望的 be frustrated in在...方面归于失败 frustrating adj.令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的 frustration n.懊恼，沮丧；受阻，挫败 ①After three hours' ______ (frustrate) delay, the train at last arrived.(读后续写之细节描写)经过三个小时令人厌烦的耽搁后,火车终于到达了目的地。 ②We reached the station half a minute too late, and with a sense of ______ (frustrate)we saw our train disappearing around the bend. (读后续写之细节描写)我们到达车站太迟了一点，当看到火车正消失在拐弯处时，我们有种失意感。 ③The prisoner was ______ (frustrate)in his attempts to escape by a watchful guard. 犯人企图逃跑，但被一个警惕的看守发现。因而他们的计划宣告失败。 【易混辨析】frustrate, thwart, baffle, balk frustrate指“ 尽一切努力使计划等成为泡影”； thwart 指“阻挠某人正在做的事”； baffle 指“通过混乱使别人受阻”； balk 指“设置障碍、困难等以阻止某人做某事”。 【语境串记】 Everyone may have his or her frustration in life.Sometimes the frustrating experiences make me frustrated.每个人在生活中都会遇到挫折。有时令人沮丧的经历让我感到沮丧。 3.infect [ɪnˈfekt] v. 感染，传染 As we all know, a single mosquito can infect a large number of people.我们都知道，一只蚊子就能传染很多人。 【考点拓展】 infected adj. 被传染的 infectious adj. 有传染性的; 易传染的; 有感染力的 infection n. 传染，感染，影响 disinfect vt. 除去（感染），给…消毒 ①The poor young man had become ______ (infect) with AIDS from an improperly sterilized(注射的) needle.(读后续写之细节描写)这个可怜的年轻人因为使用了消毒不当的针头而感染了艾滋病。 ②If not dealt with properly, this ______ (infect) disease may seriously affect our normal life.(应用文之健康类)如果处理不当，这种传染病可能会严重影响我们的正常生活。 ③Two health workers _______(infect) each car goes through the village .(应用文之报道) 两名防疫人员给每一辆进出村子的车子进行了消毒。 【语境串记】 Although this infectious disease may seriously affect our normal life, There was no danger of transmitting the infection through operations.虽然这种传染病可能严重影响我们的正常生活，但没有通过手术传播感染的危险。 4.subscribe [səbˈskraɪb] v.订购;订阅;赞同;定期捐助 Do you subscribe to the idea of living a low-carbon life?你认同低碳生活的理念吗？ 【考点拓展】 subscribe ... to... 在.......上签署......；向.......捐赠....... subscriber n.(杂志等)订阅者;定期捐赠者 subscription n.订阅;订阅费;定期捐款 ①I have been a ___________(subscribe) to Newsweek for many years.我已是《新闻周刊》一名多年的订户。 ②Although this library was open to everyone, all readers had to pay a membership or_______(subscribe) fee in order to borrow books虽然这个图书馆对所有人开放，但所有读者都必须支付会员费或订阅费才能借书。 【句式升级】 My reason for subscribing to China Daily is to know about what happened in China and the world. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 China Daily is to know about what happened in China and the world.(定语从句)  5.prove [pruːv] vt. 证明；证实 Although she'd had childhood dreams of exploring the world and studied international business with a desire to pursue a career in Toronto, finding a job proved more difficult than she'd expected.(2026• 浙江1月卷)尽管她儿时曾梦想探索世界，并曾攻读国际商务专业，渴望在多伦多发展职业生涯，但找到工作的过程却比她预期的更为困难。 【考点拓展】 prove sth. to sb. 　　　　 向某人证明某事 prove +宾语(+to be)+adj. /n. 证明某人/物是…… It’s proved that. . . 据证明…… proof n. 证明, 证据 ①She may prove________(be) the most suitable person for the job.  她结果可能是最适合干这工作的人。 ②“Our cooperation is truly________(prove) of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira.(2026• 浙江1月卷)“我们的合作充分证明了索尔克研究所的科研工作之所以如此独特且具有深远影响力的原因，”佩雷拉表示。 【句式升级】 The method is proved to be more efficient. (用形式主语改写) →____________________ the method is more efficient.   【熟词生义】 proof n.校样 She was checking the proofs of her latest novel. 她正在审阅她的新小说的校样。 6.suspect [səˈspekt] v.猜想，怀疑，觉得 She has more intelligence than we suspected her to possess. 她比我们猜想的要聪明得多。 n.嫌疑犯, 嫌疑分子 Police have arrested a suspect in a series of killings in the city. 警方逮捕了该市一系列杀人案的嫌疑人。 【考点拓展】 suspect sb. of doing sth. 　　怀疑某人做某事 suspect sb. to have done 怀疑某人做了某事 suspect sb./sth. as/to be... 怀疑某人/某物为…… suspect that... 怀疑…… suspect whether... 怀疑是否…… suspicion n. 怀疑;嫌疑 suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的;令人怀疑的 ①The police suspect himof ________(steal) the old woman's money.警察怀疑他偷了老妇人的钱。 ②I’m a bit _______(suspect) about the package that’s been left in the corridor. 我对留在走廊里的那个包裹有点怀疑。 ③Imagine that someone in your neighborhood broke the law, and the judge put the whole neighborhood under _______(suspect).想象一下，如果你的邻居触犯了法律，法官就会怀疑整个区域的邻里。 ④From what he did yesterday, I suspected him ________ (be) the spy.从他昨天的所作所为来看，我怀疑他是间谍。 ⑤She suspected________ it was a trick to get her involved in the matter，for she knew them too well.她怀疑这是不是一个把她卷进这件事的圈套，因为她太了解他们了。 【易混辨析】doubt, suspect doubt 普通用词，多指因证据不足或仅凭证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑，多含否定意味。 suspect 指猜疑、疑心，肯定意味较多。 7.blame[bleɪm] vt.责备;谴责;把……归咎于 Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame.(2025• 天津卷)我们依赖于感知血液中的二氧化碳含量，而不是氧气含量，这可能是罪魁祸首。 n.过失;责备 Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of blame.(读后续写之细节描写) 没什么能把我从极度自责中解脱出来。 As far as the cause of the accident is concerned，I think，it is the driver of the lorry who should take the blame.对于事故的原因，我认为卡车司机应该负责。 【考点拓展】 blame sb. for. . . 因某事责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 put/lay the blame on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth. 对某事承担责任 在be to blame (for)短语中，不定式用主动语态表示被动含义。 ①I often had crazy dreams in which I was__________________ Miller's accident. 我经常梦到我应当为米勒的事故负责。 ②The expert____________________________ linked to the river. 专家把这里的污染归咎于与这条河相连的大工厂。 ③I'm not going to sit around and____________________________ a mistake he made.(读后续写之细节描写) 我不会闲坐着，为他犯的错误承担责任。 一句多译 我们不应当把孩子们的错怪罪在他们身上。 ①We shouldn't ___________________________the mistakes they have made.(blame sb. for) ②The children should ___________________________the mistakes they have made.(be to blame for ) ③We shouldn't ___________________________ them.(blame sth. on sb. ) 【易混辨析】blame/ scold/criticize blame是日常用语，表示一般的责备，语气比较轻，没有怒骂、申诉的意思。有时这种责怪情绪不一定表露出来； scold“责骂”、“呵责”、“申斥”，但不是辱骂，而是在发怒的情况下埋怨地数说，喋喋不休地斥责。通常用于父母对子女、夫妻之间、上级对下属或主人对仆人的责骂； criticize有“批评”、“评论”、“非难”、“挑剔”等意思，特别指对思想、言论、文章、行为等指出错误加以评论。 8.handle[ˈhænd(ə)l] n. 柄, 把手, 把柄, 口实, 手感 There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer, but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. (2025• 天津卷)有时候我把刀柄当锤子用，但如果我手边有一个更合适的工具，结果会更好。 v.拿；处理，应付；操纵；触（球）；经营，管理 If any chemical container is knocked over, DON’T PANIC! Tell me immediately and I’ll handle the cleanup. (2026• 全国I卷)如果化学品容器被碰倒，请不要惊慌！立即告诉我，我会负责清理。 【易混辨析】handle , manipulate, operate handle指具有一定的熟练技巧、能使用某种工具或用手操纵机械； manipulate操纵，比handle具有更高的熟练技巧，多用于操纵机械； operate操作，开动(机器)使其保持运转。 9.link [lɪŋk] n.联系;纽带;链接 To obtain the article or chapter，click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account.要获取文章或章节，请点击电子邮件中提供的链接并登录您的ILL帐户。 v.把……连接起来;相关联 Some scents are linked to cultural heritage.(2026• 北京卷) 一些气味与文化遗产相关联。 【考点拓展】 link...to/with...把……和……连接起来 be linked to/with...和……有联系 a link between... and... ……与……之间的联系 link up (with) 连接;联系 ①Volunteering during teenage years has been _________ some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.(2025• 全国II卷)青少年时期的志愿活动与一些主要的积极影响有关，比如提高成绩和增强自信心。 ②Johnson has also investigated the _______________.(2025• 北京卷)约翰逊还研究了幸福感和某些故事主题之间的联系。 【语境串记】 This Old Silk Road linked China with the West in ancient times. The countries linked up did business easily with each other. The link between China and the Western countries benefited all the countries.这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。联合起来的国家彼此之间很容易进行贸易。中国和西方国家的这种联系使得所有的国家都受益。 10.pure[pjʊə(r)] adj. 纯的，不掺杂质的；；纯真的；干净的，不含有害物质的；完全的，纯粹的 The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning.(2025• 北京卷)成功的感觉不再与我的成绩挂钩，而是与纯粹的学习乐趣挂钩。 【考点拓展】 purity n.洁净，纯净；纯洁 purify v.使（某物）洁净，净化；变纯净 ①The poet was in harmony with nature, and gained happiness and spiritual ______(pure).(应用文之诗歌评论)诗人与自然和谐相处，获得了幸福和精神上的纯洁。 ②Plants can also help to ______(pure) the water quality, reduce pollution and improve environment.(应用文之环保)植物还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。 【语境串记】 The pure drinking water in the classroom has been purified by the teacher. The teacher purely takes the problem seriously.教室里的纯净饮用水已经被老师净化了。老师非常认真地对待这个问题。 11.substantial [səbˈstænʃ(ə)l] adj. 大量的; 结实的，牢固的; 重大的 The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet.(2025• 浙江1月卷)这对园丁和地球都有巨大的好处。 【考点拓展】 substantially adv. 本质上，实质上; 大体上; 充分地; 相当多地 He checked the details given and found them _______( substantial) correct. 他核实了一下给出的细节，发现它们基本正确。 12.decrease [dɪˈkriːs] v. 减;减少,减小 Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. (2025• 全国II卷)植物可以在几个方面改善我们的精神状态，但最大的是通过降低我们体内的应激激素皮质醇的水平。 n. 减少，减小，减少额，减小量 Not enough sleep will have an impact on our health, leading to a decrease in learning efficiency.(应用文之建议信)睡眠不足会影响我们的健康，导致学习效率下降。 【考点拓展】 on the decrease在减少中; decrease to减少到 decrease by 减少了 decrease in size by...(尺寸)减少... decreasingly adv. 渐减地；渐渐减少地 ①The number of poor men is _________________ as the economy is growing.(应用文之发言稿)随着经济发展，贫困人口数量正在减少。 ②Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂_________ (decrease).(2025• 天津卷)因为每次我们浮出水面并吸气，我们对二氧化碳的敏感度就会降低。 ③The population of this town ___________________________in the last three years.这个城镇的人口近三年以来增长了0. 3%。 ④It seems _________(decreasing) likely that prisoners will get the chance to vote in Britain's general election next year, which must take place by June 3rd. 明年英国大选必须在6月3日之前举行，囚犯获得投票机会的可能性似乎越来越小。 13.thank[θæŋk] v.感谢，向……表示谢意 Thank you. Then I can place the order.(2025• 全国II卷)谢谢你！然后我就可以下订单了。 n.感谢 They accepted their certificates with words of thanks. 他们一边道谢，一边接过证书。 【考点拓展】 thankful adj. 感激的，感谢的 thankfully adv. 感激地，满怀感谢地 thanks to 由于，幸亏 ①The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, ___________the absence of smog. (2025• 全国II卷)我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾。 ②________(thankful), there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. (2024• 新课标I卷)值得庆幸的是，还有很长的队伍在等着上车。 ③As I grow older, I’m more and more ________(thank) for my small town roots. (2026• 全国I卷)随着年龄增长，我越来越感激自己来自小镇的根。 【帮你记词】 常见的表示原因的词组还有：owing to, because of, on account of, as a result of, due to, for the reason of, accounting for等。 14.transform [trænsˈfɔːm] v.转化;转换;改造 AI transforms a standard museum trip into a personalized and interactive adventure.(2026• 全国I卷)人工智能将普通的博物馆参观转变为个性化且互动性强的探索之旅。 【考点拓展】 transform...into... 把……转变成…… transform from...to/into... 从……转变为…… transformative adj.有改革能力的，起改造作用的 transformation n. 转化; 改变 ①Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create ________(transform) progress to benefit all communities.(2025• 北京卷)指导您为现实世界的挑战开发创新的解决方案，并创造变革性的进步，以造福所有社区。 ②From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has undergone remarkable _____________(transform).  (2024• 全国甲卷应用文)从马车到今天便利的交通工具，中国的交通发生了显著的变化。 ③(2023•新高考Ⅱ卷)Artists have used books as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes ________ paintings and sculptures. 艺术家们把书籍作为艺术品的原材料——把封面、书页甚至整卷书变成绘画和雕塑。 【句式升级】 I’m fully aware that the experience from my life abroad has totally changed me. →I’m fully aware that_________________________________________.(强调句型)  【语境串记】 Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another. This transformation is non­stop.每时每刻，能量都在从一种形式转化为另一种形式。这种转变是不间断的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $