高考英语动词专练（谓语非谓语综合）-拔高冲刺-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 以“万能三步法”为核心，系统整合谓语（时态/语态/主谓一致）与非谓语（to do/doing/done）考点，通过80道分层训练题实现高考语法填空与书面表达双题型突破，提升语言运用精准度与思维逻辑性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考点讲解|2类考法+3大要点|语法填空“三步法”（判谓语→定时态语态/辨非谓语）；书面表达时态统一与非谓语加分策略|从高考考法切入，先总述解题框架，再分述谓语（八大时态/语态规则/主谓一致）与非谓语核心用法，形成“考法-方法-知识”递进链条| |专项训练|80题|覆盖时态（完成时/进行时等）、语态（被动特殊用法）、非谓语（独立主格/分词作状）等高频考点|通过典型语境题（如Hardly...when倒装、It is the first time that句型）强化知识迁移，实现从规则理解到语境应用的思维提升|

2027高考英语一轮复习-动词专练 动词专练（谓语和非谓语综合）-拔高冲刺 考点讲解 一、高考必考出题方式 考法1：语法填空：谓语 / 非谓语辨析+变形 做题万能三步法： 1. 判断句子谓语：找句中已有谓语动词，有无并列连词and/but/or；   ①无连词，已有谓语 → 括号动词判定非谓语；   ②无已有谓语 → 判定谓语动词，再走时态语态流程； 2. 谓语：锁定时间基调，找时间标志词，无标志看全文叙事时态；核对主被动、单复数； 3. 非谓语：找准逻辑主语，判断主动被动、动作先后，选定to do / doing / done及对应完成式。 考法2：书面表达（应用文+读后续写） 谓语：读后续写通篇一般过去基调，禁止时态混乱；应用文时态固定；客观真理时态不变；时态统一、语态得体是高分作文硬性标准。 非谓语：用作定语、状语、高级句式加分；避免一句多谓语无连词的语法错误。 二、核心必背要点 1. 谓语动词（时态+语态+主谓一致+特殊句式） 八大核心时态 · 一般现在时：表习惯、真理、时刻表、主将从现从句； · 一般过去时：表过去单次动作，与现在无关联； · 现在完成时：表过去动作影响现在，标志 since/so far/in recent years； · 过去完成时：表过去的过去，必须有过去参照点； · 过去进行时：表过去背景动作，适配 be doing…when…高考万能句型； · 现在进行时：表此刻动作或现阶段状态，可表近期将来； · 过去将来时：多用于宾语从句，站在过去看将来； · 现在完成进行时：强调动作持续未停、仍在进行。 语态核心规则 谓语动词必看主被动：人/主动动作→主动；物/承受动作→被动； 不及物动词无被动：happen、occur、take place、break out、belong to、appear； 特殊主动表被动：感官系动词、be worth doing、need/want/require doing结构。 主谓一致 就远原则：as well as、together with、except、besides，谓语和前面主语保持一致； large quantities of +名词，谓语永远复数；a large quantity of由后面名词决定； whoever、every+名词、each作主语，谓语动词用单数；the+形容词表一类人，谓语用复数。 时态特例 宾语主句过去，从句多用过去系列时态；从句客观真理用一般现在时； It is the first time that+现在完成；It was the first time that+过去完成； Hardly/Scarcely…when、No sooner…than倒装句型，前倒过完、后用一般过去； Not until置于句首，主句部分倒装。 2. 非谓语动词 to do / doing / done · to do不定式：目的、将来未发生；作定语；固定搭配；被动to be done；完成式to have done。 · doing现在分词：主动、进行；作伴随、结果状语；介词后面一律用doing；having done动作先于主句谓语；having been done先发生+被动。 · done过去分词：被动、完成；作定语、状语、宾补。 · 独立主格：非谓语自带逻辑主语，与主句主语不一致。 3. 动词词性转换 动词变动名词/名词；动词变‑ive/‑able形容词；名词/形容词通过‑en、‑ify、‑ise/‑ize变动词。 专项训练 1. Hard statistical evidence ________ (lack) to back up the popular assumption about ancient trade‑route formation. 2. ________ (never observe) such sharp shifts in public attitude, social researchers adjusted their analytical models accordingly. 3. The safety standards the committee drew up ________ (design) to lower hidden risks in high‑altitude field operations. 4. He is believed ________ (dedicate) more than twelve years to collecting oral folk stories from remote mountain settlements. 5. By the time the new local code takes effect next spring, dozens of outdated administrative rules ________ (abolish). 6. ________ (evaluate) from decades‑long field data, global climate change brings long‑term threats to coastal wetland ecosystems. 7. Hardly ________ the survey group ________ (complete) on‑site investigation when destructive natural disasters struck the border region. 8. What annoyed the whole research team was ________ (discount) repeatedly despite piles of reliable statistical evidence. 9. Over the past seven years, a series of practical measures ________ (adopt) to safeguard the living habitats of rare native wildlife. 10. The poet leaned against the stone balustrade, ________ (lose) in reflection upon the constant changes of local customs. 11. It was not until all original written sources had been cross‑checked that the real cause of the historical conflict ________ (come) to public light. 12. ________ (secure) mutual understanding, both negotiating parties made reasonable compromises during long‑term talks. 13. This special alloy material ________ (resist) seawater corrosion, so it finds wide application in offshore engineering projects. 14. The abstract economic theory proves far too complex for ordinary readers ________ (grasp) without professional theoretical guidance. 15. ________ (expose) to intense ultraviolet radiation over extended periods, many marine species suffer biological damage to their tissues. 16. She devoted every spare moment she could spare to ________ (revise) her academic paper for the international social‑science conference. 17. For close to eight months, the research crew ________ (seek) reasonable explanations for the strange natural phenomenon, yet no solid conclusion has been reached. 18. ________ (appoint) director of the regional research centre, she set out to reform the outdated management framework right away. 19. Seldom ________ ordinary residents ________ (realise) the hidden economic cost behind convenient online consumption patterns. 20. The urban renewal project is reported ________ (meet) strong resistance from local citizens before official approval was finally granted. 21. Mass quantities of underground fresh water ________ (waste) before efficient water‑saving techniques gained wide popularity. 22. ________ (lack) sufficient technical backup, the creative public‑welfare programme failed to deliver its expected social value. 23. While the economist ________ (deliver) his keynote speech, members of the audience raised many sharp, practice‑oriented questions. 24. The key witness was made ________ (promise) to provide all truthful first‑hand information to the judicial court. 25. Up till the present moment, less than forty‑five percent of the scheduled field assignments ________ (finish) due to unstable climate conditions. 26. ________ (offer) adequate financial support, the youth‑oriented project could have produced much better practical outcomes. 27. He ________ (serve) as senior consultant to the research institute for eight years and now concentrates on popular‑science publication work. 28. It is no good ________ (complain) about social drawbacks unless practical measures are taken to promote positive change. 29. Every several years, large batches of cultural relics ________ (unearth) from the buried ancient town site by professional archaeologists. 30. ________ (observe) from a cultural‑history viewpoint, these folk traditions carry precious collective memory of local communities. 31. No sooner ________ the reform proposal ________ (put) forward than heated debates broke out among expert panels. 32. Official regulations prohibit tourists ________ (carry) dangerous objects into the heritage‑protection reserve zone. 33. Listen! Specialists ________ (debate) fiercely over how modern technology influences the survival of traditional handicraft culture. 34. ________ (gain) deeper insight into ancient manual skills, he spent years interviewing elderly craftsmen across mountain districts. 35. This high‑quality textile fabric ________ (clean) easily and keeps its original colour under strong direct sunlight. 36. Standing in front of the assessment panel, she could feel her pulse ________ (beat) rapidly under heavy mental pressure. 37. By the end of next autumn, local administrative authorities ________ (repair) most of the historically significant damaged ancient buildings. 38. ________ (inspire) by the spirits of early‑generation pioneers, numerous young graduates choose workplace positions in remote inland regions. 39. The non‑profit public foundation ________ (provide) research grants for promising young scholars every two calendar years. 40. The regional social crisis is thought ________ (generate) far‑reaching social consequences before practical solutions were carried out. 41. Large numbers of old folk dwellings ________ (pull) down for city expansion before public awareness of cultural heritage protection grew widely. 42. ________ (spot) major structural weaknesses within the development scheme, the board of directors voted to rewrite the whole plan thoroughly. 43. She ________ (sort) through ancient manuscript materials the whole previous spring, preparing for her landmark academic research work. 44. The original edition of the travel journal is well worth ________ (read) for its vivid description of local folk customs and daily lifestyles. 45. Over the past decade, thousands of college graduates ________ (join) public‑service volunteer programmes in under‑developed rural areas. 46. ________ (receive) the emergency risk warning, all research staff evacuated the experimental site in orderly fashion. 47. When emergency teams rushed to the scene, key physical evidence ________ (already remove) by unknown persons. 48. Though faced with various barriers, many local residents kept trying different practical approaches ________ (get) access to clean drinking water in remote mountain villages. 49. The moon ________ (travel) around planet Earth, a fundamental astronomical fact taught in basic science courses. 50. Many independent‑minded thinkers refuse ________ (obey) blindly outdated social norms and old‑fashioned rules. 51. Not one single application form ________ (deal) with up to this point, so applicants must maintain patience for further notice. 52. ________ (not collect) enough valid biological samples, the research group cannot verify its core theoretical guesswork. 53. Just as the chemical experiment ________ (go) forward, an unexpected mechanical fault took place inside the laboratory device. 54. ________ (compare) with traditional agricultural modes, modern farming shows obvious advantages in total output and resource efficiency. 55. Since he assumed the academic position, the experienced senior scholar ________ (publish) dozens of papers focused on ecological‑environment protection. 56. Official institutional rules do not permit researchers ________ (take) private hand‑written notes into classified archive sections. 57. The international academic seminar ________ (hold) next winter will centre its theme upon global ecological cooperation. 58. Lost in deep thought, he paced back and forth across the room, ________ (weigh) potential risks and benefits of every available alternative. 59. Long before he obtained legal access to private archive collections, he ________ (hear) many oral accounts about the mysterious historical figure. 60. Remember ________ (hand) in all appendix documents together with your formal research paper before the published deadline arrives. 61. The specialized research institute ________ (explore) brand‑new academic directions continuously throughout the past few years. 62. ________ (shock) by the unexpected archaeological find, research team members stayed up late analysing the newly uncovered cultural relics. 63. The large‑scale public exhibition ________ (call) off at the final moment because of sudden public‑health emergency conditions. 64. Reading written records of ancient natural disasters, modern‑day readers cannot help ________ (feel) sincere sorrow for people suffering in those difficult ages. 65. Every summer holiday, masses of domestic tourists ________ (flow) into the well‑preserved old town to experience authentic folk‑culture traditions. 66. The academic specialists ________ (analyse) this complex puzzle at this very moment have not reached any shared joint conclusion. 67. He wrote in his personal memoir that he ________ (spend) more than twenty‑five years conducting on‑site field‑based research projects. 68. It took the whole research crew several years ________ (figure) out this complicated historical puzzle. 69. At this exact time last summer, the injured field‑research worker ________ (treat) inside a temporary mountain‑based medical shelter. 70. ________ (keep) sharp intellectual thinking over long‑term research work, academic scholars require proper rest and regular physical exercise. 71. High practical value ________ (place) on cross‑subject comprehensive research within modern‑day academic circles. 72. ________ (live) within this ancient town for multiple decades, he holds thorough knowledge of local folk‑history background. 73. The senior master craftsman ________ (practise) traditional hand‑craft skills for several hours each single working day. 74. He noticed several experienced experts ________ (discuss) future cooperative research projects outside the main library gate. 75. By the end of the previous winter, the investigation task group ________ (collect) over three thousand different biological sample items. 76. The formal suggestion ________ (discuss) inside the committee at present focuses mainly upon adjusting official research‑budget regulations. 77. He ________ (act) as full‑time field researcher for nine years and now serves as a university‑based academic lecturer. 78. Would you mind ________ (put) off the scheduled academic meeting since several core expert participants cannot arrive on the planned date. 79. Precious cultural heritage objects ________ (send) to national‑level museums every single year for professional restoration treatment. 80. ________ (acquire) more convincing evidence, the research team designed a complete new set of survey and testing methods. 81. When the sudden mountain flood struck, most field‑working staff ________ (stay) inside simple temporary shelters. 82. The young scholar is competent enough ________ (shoulder) heavy academic responsibilities independently. 83. Since 2022, dozens of regional research centres ________ (set) up across the whole country. 84. ________ (not grasp) the core logic of the theory, participants failed to interpret experimental phenomena correctly. 85. The promising young historian ________ (graduate) from a top‑rank university in 2021. 86. ________ (adopt) the innovative analytical framework, the research group avoided falling into repeated theoretical misunderstandings. 87. He stated in his private letter that he ________ (return) from overseas within three months. 88. The documentary ________ (write) by a young journalist records the rise and fall of that ancient coastal kingdom. 89. Look! Groups of wild geese ________ (fly) south across the broad sky. 90. She tried ________ (persuade) her teammates to revise the research framework yet achieved little progress. 91. The whole mountainous area ________ (cover) by thick snow after the fierce winter storm one year ago. 92. ________ (accomplish) the tough research task ahead of schedule, team members kept working day and night. 93. The distinguished professor ________ (carry) out scientific studies in this institute since he completed his doctorate. 94. I regret ________ (inform) you that your application for research funding has been turned down. 95. When we entered the lecture hall, the main speech ________ (already start). 96. The speaker adjusted his expression style to make himself ________ (understand) by audiences without relevant background knowledge. 97. Normally the city museum ________ (shut) at nine o’clock every evening. 98. ________ (prepare) well in advance, the academic forum proceeded without unexpected troubles. 99. Before setting out for field investigation, the scientist ________ (arrange) transportation and accommodation in advance. 100. He enjoys ________ (bury) himself in ancient original documents during his spare‑time hours. 答案+考点+解析 1. is lacking 【考点】现在进行时；be lacking固定表达 【解析】evidence不可数名词；be lacking表示“缺乏”，描述客观现状。 2. Never having observed 【考点】非谓语‑现在分词完成式否定 【解析】researchers与observe主动；动作发生在主句adjusted之前，having done；否定词Never置于分词前。 3. were designed 【考点】一般过去时被动语态 【解析】standards和design被动；drew up提示过去；be designed to do“旨在”。 4. to have been dedicating 【考点】不定式完成进行式 【解析】be believed to do；动作持续12年，先于主句且持续，to have been dedicating。 5. will have been abolished 【考点】将来完成时被动 【解析】by the time+将来时间，主句将来完成；rules与abolish被动。 6. Evaluated 【考点】评断类分词状语（固定习惯用法） 【解析】Evaluated from…=Judged from…，置于句首作评断状语。 7. had; completed 【考点】Hardly…when…部分倒装；过去完成时 【解析】Hardly置于句首助动词提前；complete发生在struck之前，过去完成时had done。 8. being discounted 【考点】动名词被动作表语 【解析】主语从句作主语；was后接动名词被动，表示“被低估、被忽视”。 9. have been adopted 【考点】现在完成时被动 【解析】Over the past seven years现在完成时标志；measures和adopt被动。 10. lost 【考点】过去分词作伴随状语 【解析】be lost in reflection“陷入沉思”，去掉be，过去分词作状语。 11. came 【考点】It was not until…that强调句型；一般过去时 【解析】强调句型，描述过去发生事件，用一般过去时。 12. To secure 【考点】不定式作目的状语 【解析】句首不定式表目的“为达成相互谅解”。 13. resists 【考点】一般现在时；主动表被动 【解析】主语alloy单数；resist“抗……”描述材料属性，无被动。 14. to grasp 【考点】too…to…结构 【解析】too+adj.+for sb to do“对某人来说太……以至于不能……”。 15. Exposed 【考点】过去分词作状语 【解析】marine species与expose被动；be exposed to“暴露于……”。 16. revising 【考点】devote…to doing固定搭配 【解析】此处to是介词，后面接动名词。 17. has been seeking 【考点】现在完成进行时 【解析】For close to eight months；动作持续至今尚未得出结论，用现在完成进行时。 18. Having been appointed / Appointed 【考点】过去分词/分词完成被动作状语 【解析】she和appoint被动；Having been appointed突出动作发生在set out之前。 19. do; realise 【考点】否定副词Seldom置于句首部分倒装 【解析】Seldom放句首，一般现在时，主语复数，助动词do提前。 20. to have met 【考点】不定式完成式 【解析】be reported to do；meet resistance发生在was granted之前，to have done。 21. had been wasted 【考点】过去完成时被动 【解析】before从句为一般过去时；水被浪费发生在技术普及之前，过去完成被动。 22. Lacking 【考点】现在分词作原因状语 【解析】programme与lack主动，lack为及物动词。 23. was delivering 【考点】while引导时间状语从句，过去进行时 【解析】while强调过去正在进行，听众提问发生在演讲过程当中。 24. to promise 【考点】使役动词被动还原to 【解析】make sb do，被动结构be made to do。 25. have been finished 【考点】现在完成时被动 【解析】Up till the present moment现在完成时标志；assignments与finish被动。 26. Offered 【考点】过去分词作条件状语 【解析】project与offer被动；相当于If it had been offered。 27. served 【考点】一般过去时 【解析】and now concentrates提示过去任职阶段已经结束。 28. complaining 【考点】It is no good doing固定句型 【解析】It is no good doing sth“做某事没有用处”。 29. are unearthed 【考点】一般现在时被动 【解析】Every several years表经常性；relics和unearth被动。 30. Observed 【考点】过去分词作状语 【解析】folk traditions与observe被动，“从文化历史角度来看”。 31. had; been put 【考点】No sooner…than…倒装；过去完成时被动 【解析】No sooner置于句首倒装；proposal和put forward被动，动作发生在debates之前。 32. to carry 【考点】prohibit sb to do固定搭配 【解析】prohibit sb to do sth“禁止某人做某事”。 33. are debating 【考点】现在进行时 【解析】Listen!提示此刻正在发生。 34. To gain 【考点】不定式作目的状语 【解析】句首不定式表目的“为获得更深层次理解”。 35. cleans 【考点】一般现在时主动表被动 【解析】描述织物属性；clean easily主动形式表达被动含义。 36. beating 【考点】feel sth doing宾补结构 【解析】feel sth doing“感觉到……正在发生”，现在分词作宾补。 37. will have repaired 【考点】by the end of+将来时间，将来完成时 【解析】by the end of next autumn，截止到将来某一时间点前完成。 38. Inspired 【考点】过去分词作状语 【解析】graduates与inspire被动；be inspired by“受……激励”。 39. provides 【考点】一般现在时，主谓一致 【解析】every two years表经常性；foundation单数。 40. to have generated 【考点】不定式完成式 【解析】be thought to do；generate后果发生在解决方案落实之前，to have done。 41. were pulled 【考点】一般过去时被动 【解析】before从句过去时；dwellings与pull down被动。 42. Spotting 【考点】现在分词作原因状语 【解析】board与spot主动，发现缺陷之后投票改写方案。 43. was sorting 【考点】过去进行时 【解析】the whole previous spring，过去一整个春天持续进行的动作。 44. reading 【考点】be worth doing主动表被动 【解析】be worth doing“值得做”，不用被动形式。 45. have joined 【考点】现在完成时 【解析】Over the past decade现在完成时标志。 46. Having received / Receiving 【考点】现在分词作时间状语 【解析】staff与receive主动；Having received突出动作先后。 47. had already been removed 【考点】过去完成时被动 【解析】rushed为过去；证据被移走发生在赶到现场之前，过去的过去。 48. to get 【考点】非谓语动词‑不定式作目的状语 【解析】主句已有谓语kept trying，故空格不能填谓语；trying different practical approaches（尝试各类可行办法）的目的是获得干净饮用水，用不定式to do表目的。 49. travels 【考点】一般现在时客观真理 【解析】moon单数；描述天文客观事实。 50. to obey 【考点】refuse to do固定搭配 【解析】refuse后接不定式作宾语。 51. has been dealt 【考点】现在完成时被动 【解析】up to this point现在完成时；Not one作主语谓语用单数。 52. Not having collected 【考点】现在分词完成式否定作状语 【解析】group与collect主动；采样发生在verify之前；否定Not置于分词前。 53. was going 【考点】过去进行时 【解析】just as正当……，实验正在进行的时刻故障发生。 54. Compared 【考点】compared with固定分词结构 【解析】compared with“与……相比”固定搭配。 55. has published 【考点】since引导时间状语从句，现在完成时 【解析】since+一般过去时从句，主句用现在完成时。 56. to take 【考点】permit sb to do 【解析】permit后接不定式作宾补。 57. to be held 【考点】不定式被动作后置定语 【解析】next winter表将来；seminar与hold被动，to be done表将来被动。 58. weighing 【考点】现在分词作伴随状语 【解析】he与weigh主动；来回踱步同时权衡利弊。 59. had heard 【考点】long before引导，过去完成时 【解析】heard发生在obtained之前，过去的过去。 60. to hand 【考点】remember to do 【解析】remember to do“记得要去做（尚未做）”。 61. has been exploring 【考点】现在完成进行时 【解析】throughout the past few years，动作持续至今。 62. Shocked 【考点】过去分词作状语 【解析】team members与shock被动；be shocked by“被……震惊”。 63. was called 【考点】一般过去时被动 【解析】at the final moment过去时间；exhibition与call off被动。 64. feeling 【考点】cannot help doing固定搭配 【解析】cannot help doing“忍不住做某事”。 65. flow 【考点】一般现在时 【解析】Every summer holiday经常性；tourists复数。 66. analysing 【考点】现在分词作后置定语 【解析】specialists与analyse主动；主句已有谓语have not reached，不能再出现谓语动词。 67. had spent 【考点】宾语从句中过去完成时 【解析】wrote是过去；spend时间发生在wrote之前，过去的过去。 68. to figure 【考点】It takes sb some time to do句型 【解析】it形式主语，真正主语不定式后置。 69. was being treated 【考点】过去进行时被动 【解析】at this exact time last summer过去某时刻；worker与treat被动。 70. To keep 【考点】不定式作目的状语 【解析】句首不定式表目的“为保持敏锐思维”。 71. is being placed 【考点】现在进行时被动 【解析】place high value on；value作主语用被动语态。 72. Having lived 【考点】现在分词完成式作状语 【解析】he与live主动；居住几十年发生在holds thorough knowledge之前。 73. practises 【考点】一般现在时主谓一致 【解析】each working day经常性；craftsman单数。 74. discussing 【考点】notice sb doing宾补结构 【解析】notice sb doing“注意到某人正在做”。 75. had collected 【考点】by the end of+过去时间，过去完成时 【解析】by the end of the previous winter截止到过去某时间点。 76. being discussed 【考点】现在分词被动作后置定语 【解析】at present正在进行；suggestion与discuss被动，being done表示“正在被……”。 77. acted 【考点】一般过去时 【解析】now serves提示过去任职已经结束。 78. putting 【考点】Would you mind doing 【解析】mind后接动名词。 79. are sent 【考点】一般现在时被动 【解析】every single year经常性；objects与send被动。 80. To acquire 【考点】不定式作目的状语 【解析】句首不定式表目的“为获取更有说服力的证据”。 81. were staying 【考点】过去进行时 【解析】洪水袭来那一刻，人员当时正待在临时避难所。 82. to shoulder 【考点】adj.+enough to do 【解析】enough后面接不定式。 83. have been set 【考点】since+时间点，现在完成时被动 【解析】Since 2022；centres和set up被动。 84. Not grasping 【考点】现在分词否定作原因状语 【解析】participants与grasp主动；否定Not置于分词前。 85. graduated 【考点】一般过去时 【解析】in 2021过去时间点。 86. Having adopted 【考点】现在分词完成式作状语 【解析】team与adopt主动；采纳框架发生在avoided之前。 87. would return 【考点】宾语从句过去将来时 【解析】主句stated为过去；within three months站在过去视角看未来，用would do。 88. written 【考点】过去分词作后置定语 【解析】documentary与write被动。 89. are flying 【考点】现在进行时 【解析】Look!提示此刻正在发生。 90. to persuade 【考点】try to do 【解析】try to do“尽力做某事”。 91. was covered 【考点】一般过去时被动 【解析】one year ago过去时间；be covered by“被……覆盖”。 92. To accomplish 【考点】不定式作目的状语 【解析】句首不定式表目的“为提前完成艰巨任务”。 93. has carried 【考点】since从句，现在完成时 【解析】since+一般过去时从句，主句现在完成时。 94. to inform 【考点】regret to do 【解析】regret to do“遗憾地告知（坏消息）”。 95. had already started 【考点】过去完成时 【解析】entered过去；演讲开始发生在进入大厅之前。 96. understood 【考点】make oneself done 【解析】make oneself done“使自己被别人理解”，过去分词作宾补。 97. shuts 【考点】一般现在时 【解析】Normally表常规；museum单数。 98. Prepared / Having been prepared 【考点】过去分词作状语 【解析】forum与prepare被动，两个形式均可。 99. had arranged 【考点】before引导从句，过去完成时 【解析】arrange安排发生在setting out出发之前。 100. burying 【考点】enjoy doing 【解析】enjoy后接动名词；bury oneself in“埋头于”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2027高考英语一轮复习-动词专练 动词专练（谓语和非谓语综合）-拔高冲刺 考点讲解 一、高考必考出题方式 考法1：语法填空：谓语 / 非谓语辨析+变形 做题万能三步法： 1. 判断句子谓语：找句中已有谓语动词，有无并列连词and/but/or；   ①无连词，已有谓语 → 括号动词判定非谓语；   ②无已有谓语 → 判定谓语动词，再走时态语态流程； 2. 谓语：锁定时间基调，找时间标志词，无标志看全文叙事时态；核对主被动、单复数； 3. 非谓语：找准逻辑主语，判断主动被动、动作先后，选定to do / doing / done及对应完成式。 考法2：书面表达（应用文+读后续写） 谓语：读后续写通篇一般过去基调，禁止时态混乱；应用文时态固定；客观真理时态不变；时态统一、语态得体是高分作文硬性标准。 非谓语：用作定语、状语、高级句式加分；避免一句多谓语无连词的语法错误。 二、核心必背要点 1. 谓语动词（时态+语态+主谓一致+特殊句式） 八大核心时态 · 一般现在时：表习惯、真理、时刻表、主将从现从句； · 一般过去时：表过去单次动作，与现在无关联； · 现在完成时：表过去动作影响现在，标志 since/so far/in recent years； · 过去完成时：表过去的过去，必须有过去参照点； · 过去进行时：表过去背景动作，适配 be doing…when…高考万能句型； · 现在进行时：表此刻动作或现阶段状态，可表近期将来； · 过去将来时：多用于宾语从句，站在过去看将来； · 现在完成进行时：强调动作持续未停、仍在进行。 语态核心规则 谓语动词必看主被动：人/主动动作→主动；物/承受动作→被动； 不及物动词无被动：happen、occur、take place、break out、belong to、appear； 特殊主动表被动：感官系动词、be worth doing、need/want/require doing结构。 主谓一致 就远原则：as well as、together with、except、besides，谓语和前面主语保持一致； large quantities of +名词，谓语永远复数；a large quantity of由后面名词决定； whoever、every+名词、each作主语，谓语动词用单数；the+形容词表一类人，谓语用复数。 时态特例 宾语主句过去，从句多用过去系列时态；从句客观真理用一般现在时； It is the first time that+现在完成；It was the first time that+过去完成； Hardly/Scarcely…when、No sooner…than倒装句型，前倒过完、后用一般过去； Not until置于句首，主句部分倒装。 2. 非谓语动词 to do / doing / done · to do不定式：目的、将来未发生；作定语；固定搭配；被动to be done；完成式to have done。 · doing现在分词：主动、进行；作伴随、结果状语；介词后面一律用doing；having done动作先于主句谓语；having been done先发生+被动。 · done过去分词：被动、完成；作定语、状语、宾补。 · 独立主格：非谓语自带逻辑主语，与主句主语不一致。 3. 动词词性转换 动词变动名词/名词；动词变‑ive/‑able形容词；名词/形容词通过‑en、‑ify、‑ise/‑ize变动词。 专项训练 1. Hard statistical evidence ________ (lack) to back up the popular assumption about ancient trade‑route formation. 2. ________ (never observe) such sharp shifts in public attitude, social researchers adjusted their analytical models accordingly. 3. The safety standards the committee drew up ________ (design) to lower hidden risks in high‑altitude field operations. 4. He is believed ________ (dedicate) more than twelve years to collecting oral folk stories from remote mountain settlements. 5. By the time the new local code takes effect next spring, dozens of outdated administrative rules ________ (abolish). 6. ________ (evaluate) from decades‑long field data, global climate change brings long‑term threats to coastal wetland ecosystems. 7. Hardly ________ the survey group ________ (complete) on‑site investigation when destructive natural disasters struck the border region. 8. What annoyed the whole research team was ________ (discount) repeatedly despite piles of reliable statistical evidence. 9. Over the past seven years, a series of practical measures ________ (adopt) to safeguard the living habitats of rare native wildlife. 10. The poet leaned against the stone balustrade, ________ (lose) in reflection upon the constant changes of local customs. 11. It was not until all original written sources had been cross‑checked that the real cause of the historical conflict ________ (come) to public light. 12. ________ (secure) mutual understanding, both negotiating parties made reasonable compromises during long‑term talks. 13. This special alloy material ________ (resist) seawater corrosion, so it finds wide application in offshore engineering projects. 14. The abstract economic theory proves far too complex for ordinary readers ________ (grasp) without professional theoretical guidance. 15. ________ (expose) to intense ultraviolet radiation over extended periods, many marine species suffer biological damage to their tissues. 16. She devoted every spare moment she could spare to ________ (revise) her academic paper for the international social‑science conference. 17. For close to eight months, the research crew ________ (seek) reasonable explanations for the strange natural phenomenon, yet no solid conclusion has been reached. 18. ________ (appoint) director of the regional research centre, she set out to reform the outdated management framework right away. 19. Seldom ________ ordinary residents ________ (realise) the hidden economic cost behind convenient online consumption patterns. 20. The urban renewal project is reported ________ (meet) strong resistance from local citizens before official approval was finally granted. 21. Mass quantities of underground fresh water ________ (waste) before efficient water‑saving techniques gained wide popularity. 22. ________ (lack) sufficient technical backup, the creative public‑welfare programme failed to deliver its expected social value. 23. While the economist ________ (deliver) his keynote speech, members of the audience raised many sharp, practice‑oriented questions. 24. The key witness was made ________ (promise) to provide all truthful first‑hand information to the judicial court. 25. Up till the present moment, less than forty‑five percent of the scheduled field assignments ________ (finish) due to unstable climate conditions. 26. ________ (offer) adequate financial support, the youth‑oriented project could have produced much better practical outcomes. 27. He ________ (serve) as senior consultant to the research institute for eight years and now concentrates on popular‑science publication work. 28. It is no good ________ (complain) about social drawbacks unless practical measures are taken to promote positive change. 29. Every several years, large batches of cultural relics ________ (unearth) from the buried ancient town site by professional archaeologists. 30. ________ (observe) from a cultural‑history viewpoint, these folk traditions carry precious collective memory of local communities. 31. No sooner ________ the reform proposal ________ (put) forward than heated debates broke out among expert panels. 32. Official regulations prohibit tourists ________ (carry) dangerous objects into the heritage‑protection reserve zone. 33. Listen! Specialists ________ (debate) fiercely over how modern technology influences the survival of traditional handicraft culture. 34. ________ (gain) deeper insight into ancient manual skills, he spent years interviewing elderly craftsmen across mountain districts. 35. This high‑quality textile fabric ________ (clean) easily and keeps its original colour under strong direct sunlight. 36. Standing in front of the assessment panel, she could feel her pulse ________ (beat) rapidly under heavy mental pressure. 37. By the end of next autumn, local administrative authorities ________ (repair) most of the historically significant damaged ancient buildings. 38. ________ (inspire) by the spirits of early‑generation pioneers, numerous young graduates choose workplace positions in remote inland regions. 39. The non‑profit public foundation ________ (provide) research grants for promising young scholars every two calendar years. 40. The regional social crisis is thought ________ (generate) far‑reaching social consequences before practical solutions were carried out. 41. Large numbers of old folk dwellings ________ (pull) down for city expansion before public awareness of cultural heritage protection grew widely. 42. ________ (spot) major structural weaknesses within the development scheme, the board of directors voted to rewrite the whole plan thoroughly. 43. She ________ (sort) through ancient manuscript materials the whole previous spring, preparing for her landmark academic research work. 44. The original edition of the travel journal is well worth ________ (read) for its vivid description of local folk customs and daily lifestyles. 45. Over the past decade, thousands of college graduates ________ (join) public‑service volunteer programmes in under‑developed rural areas. 46. ________ (receive) the emergency risk warning, all research staff evacuated the experimental site in orderly fashion. 47. When emergency teams rushed to the scene, key physical evidence ________ (already remove) by unknown persons. 48. Though faced with various barriers, many local residents kept trying different practical approaches ________ (get) access to clean drinking water in remote mountain villages. 49. The moon ________ (travel) around planet Earth, a fundamental astronomical fact taught in basic science courses. 50. Many independent‑minded thinkers refuse ________ (obey) blindly outdated social norms and old‑fashioned rules. 51. Not one single application form ________ (deal) with up to this point, so applicants must maintain patience for further notice. 52. ________ (not collect) enough valid biological samples, the research group cannot verify its core theoretical guesswork. 53. Just as the chemical experiment ________ (go) forward, an unexpected mechanical fault took place inside the laboratory device. 54. ________ (compare) with traditional agricultural modes, modern farming shows obvious advantages in total output and resource efficiency. 55. Since he assumed the academic position, the experienced senior scholar ________ (publish) dozens of papers focused on ecological‑environment protection. 56. Official institutional rules do not permit researchers ________ (take) private hand‑written notes into classified archive sections. 57. The international academic seminar ________ (hold) next winter will centre its theme upon global ecological cooperation. 58. Lost in deep thought, he paced back and forth across the room, ________ (weigh) potential risks and benefits of every available alternative. 59. Long before he obtained legal access to private archive collections, he ________ (hear) many oral accounts about the mysterious historical figure. 60. Remember ________ (hand) in all appendix documents together with your formal research paper before the published deadline arrives. 61. The specialized research institute ________ (explore) brand‑new academic directions continuously throughout the past few years. 62. ________ (shock) by the unexpected archaeological find, research team members stayed up late analysing the newly uncovered cultural relics. 63. The large‑scale public exhibition ________ (call) off at the final moment because of sudden public‑health emergency conditions. 64. Reading written records of ancient natural disasters, modern‑day readers cannot help ________ (feel) sincere sorrow for people suffering in those difficult ages. 65. Every summer holiday, masses of domestic tourists ________ (flow) into the well‑preserved old town to experience authentic folk‑culture traditions. 66. The academic specialists ________ (analyse) this complex puzzle at this very moment have not reached any shared joint conclusion. 67. He wrote in his personal memoir that he ________ (spend) more than twenty‑five years conducting on‑site field‑based research projects. 68. It took the whole research crew several years ________ (figure) out this complicated historical puzzle. 69. At this exact time last summer, the injured field‑research worker ________ (treat) inside a temporary mountain‑based medical shelter. 70. ________ (keep) sharp intellectual thinking over long‑term research work, academic scholars require proper rest and regular physical exercise. 71. High practical value ________ (place) on cross‑subject comprehensive research within modern‑day academic circles. 72. ________ (live) within this ancient town for multiple decades, he holds thorough knowledge of local folk‑history background. 73. The senior master craftsman ________ (practise) traditional hand‑craft skills for several hours each single working day. 74. He noticed several experienced experts ________ (discuss) future cooperative research projects outside the main library gate. 75. By the end of the previous winter, the investigation task group ________ (collect) over three thousand different biological sample items. 76. The formal suggestion ________ (discuss) inside the committee at present focuses mainly upon adjusting official research‑budget regulations. 77. He ________ (act) as full‑time field researcher for nine years and now serves as a university‑based academic lecturer. 78. Would you mind ________ (put) off the scheduled academic meeting since several core expert participants cannot arrive on the planned date. 79. Precious cultural heritage objects ________ (send) to national‑level museums every single year for professional restoration treatment. 80. ________ (acquire) more convincing evidence, the research team designed a complete new set of survey and testing methods. 81. When the sudden mountain flood struck, most field‑working staff ________ (stay) inside simple temporary shelters. 82. The young scholar is competent enough ________ (shoulder) heavy academic responsibilities independently. 83. Since 2022, dozens of regional research centres ________ (set) up across the whole country. 84. ________ (not grasp) the core logic of the theory, participants failed to interpret experimental phenomena correctly. 85. The promising young historian ________ (graduate) from a top‑rank university in 2021. 86. ________ (adopt) the innovative analytical framework, the research group avoided falling into repeated theoretical misunderstandings. 87. He stated in his private letter that he ________ (return) from overseas within three months. 88. The documentary ________ (write) by a young journalist records the rise and fall of that ancient coastal kingdom. 89. Look! Groups of wild geese ________ (fly) south across the broad sky. 90. She tried ________ (persuade) her teammates to revise the research framework yet achieved little progress. 91. The whole mountainous area ________ (cover) by thick snow after the fierce winter storm one year ago. 92. ________ (accomplish) the tough research task ahead of schedule, team members kept working day and night. 93. The distinguished professor ________ (carry) out scientific studies in this institute since he completed his doctorate. 94. I regret ________ (inform) you that your application for research funding has been turned down. 95. When we entered the lecture hall, the main speech ________ (already start). 96. The speaker adjusted his expression style to make himself ________ (understand) by audiences without relevant background knowledge. 97. Normally the city museum ________ (shut) at nine o’clock every evening. 98. ________ (prepare) well in advance, the academic forum proceeded without unexpected troubles. 99. Before setting out for field investigation, the scientist ________ (arrange) transportation and accommodation in advance. 100. He enjoys ________ (bury) himself in ancient original documents during his spare‑time hours. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $