Unit3语法(反身代词)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语反身代词核心知识点，从定义（动作发出者与承受者为同一人）切入，通过必背表格梳理人称、数、性别对应关系，结合记忆规律（一二人称形物代+self/selves，第三人称宾格+self/selves）搭建基础，再细化四大用法（作宾语、同位语、固定搭配、表语），并结合单元话题“To be a good learner”例句巩固，形成完整学习支架。 该资料以核心素养为导向，通过“定义-用法-易错-话题例句-分层练习”闭环设计提升语言能力，固定搭配如“teach oneself”紧扣单元主题强化学习能力，易错警示（单复数区分、主宾格混淆）培养思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后多样练习（填空、选择、句型转换、汉译英）帮助学生查漏补缺，巩固知识。

Unit3 To be a good learner语法讲解与练习 反身代词详细讲义 一、定义 反身代词，表示…… 自己。 动作的发出者（主语）和动作承受者是同一个人/物。 核心原则：反身代词必须和指代对象保持人称、数、性别一致。 二、反身代词完整表格（必背） 人称 单数 复数 中文含义 第一人称 myself ourselves 我自己/我们自己 第二人称 yourself yourselves 你自己/你们自己 第三人称 himself（他自己）herself（她自己） itself（它自己） themselves 他/她/它们自己 ✍记忆小规律 1.一、二人称：形容词性物主代词 + self /selves my → myself；your → yourself /yourselves；our → ourselves 2.第三人称：人称代词宾格 + self /selves him → himself；her → herself；it → itself；them → themselves 三、四大用法（课本重点） 用法 1：作宾语（最高频考点） 动词/介词后面作宾语，动作施加在主语自身。 常用动词：teach, enjoy, hurt, help, look after, introduce 1.She taught herself English. 她自学英语。（teach oneself 自学） 2.We can look after ourselves. 我们能照顾自己。 3.Don’t hurt yourself. 不要伤到你自己。 用法 2：作同位语（加强语气，译为 “亲自、本人”） 位置：紧跟主语后 或 句子末尾；不能单独作主语！ ❌ Myself finished the work. ✅ I myself finished the work. = I finished the work myself. 我亲自完成了这项工作。 用法 3：固定搭配（单元高频短语，务必熟记） 1.teach oneself sth. = learn sth. by oneself 自学 2.enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得开心 3.by oneself 独自地（=alone） 4.help oneself to sth. 随便吃 / 取用…… 5.look after oneself = take care of oneself 照顾自己 6.say to oneself 自言自语 7.keep the secret to oneself 保守秘密 8.hurt oneself 伤到自己 用法4：作表语（了解即可） She is not herself today. 她今天状态不好。 四、高频易错警示 1.❌反身代词不能单独充当句子主语 ✅ I myself can do it. 2.单复数区分陷阱 Kids, don’t hurt yourselves.（孩子们,复数yourselves） 3.不要混淆宾格和反身代词 ❌ He hurt him.（他伤到了他（别人）） ✅ He hurt himself.（他伤到自己） 4.yourself（你自己） vs yourselves（你们自己） 五、贴合单元话题例句（To be a good learner） 1.You can teach yourself new words. 你可以自学新单词。 2.Try to express yourself in English in class. 课堂上尽量用英语表达自己。 3.He learns grammar by himself. 他独自学习语法。 4.We should believe in ourselves when learning. 学习时我们应当相信自己。 【配套专项练习】 一、用括号内单词适当形式填空 1.I can finish my homework by ________ (I). 2.She taught ________ (she) to play the piano. 3.Boys, don’t hurt ________ (you) when you play outside. 4.The cat washed ________ (it) clean. 5.We enjoyed ________ (we) at the English party. 6.Nobody helps him. He has to do it ________ (he). 7.Millie often says to ________ (she) before exams. 8.Help ________ (you) to some fruit, children. 9.You should believe in ________ (you), Tom. 10.They kept the secret to ________ (they). 11.Can you look after ________ (you) when Mum is away? 12.My sister learns drawing by ________ (she). 13.I ________ (I) worked out the difficult problem. 14.The robot can clean the room by ________ (it). 15.We must learn to protect ________ (we). 16.Who taught ________ (he) French? He taught ________ (he). 17.Don’t leave the little girl by ________ (she). 18.You two should finish the work by ________ (you). 19.Jim hurt ________ (he) when playing basketball. 20.All students can express ________ (they) in English. 21.She made the card ________ (she). 22.Let’s enjoy ________ (we) this weekend. 23.One should not think only of ________ (one). 24.The bird found food for ________ (it). 25.You can improve your English by ________ (you). 二、单项选择 ( )1. Nobody taught ______ English. He taught ______. A. him; himself B. his; himself C. him; him D. himself; him ( )2. Kids, help ______ to some snacks. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your ( )3. I can finish the task ______. I don’t need help. A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself ( )4. —Did you enjoy ______ at the party? —Yes, we had great fun. A. you B. yourselves C. yourself D. yours ( )5. The little boy can wash clothes by ______. A. he B. his C. himself D. him ( )6. You should believe in ______, Lily. Don’t give up. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your ( )7. The monkey looked at ______ in the mirror. A. it B. its C. itself D. himself ( )8. We must learn to take care of ______. A. us B. ourselves C. we D. our ( )9. —Who made the model plane? —Tom made it ______. A. him B. himself C. his D. he ( )10. Don’t leave your sister by ______ at home. A. herself B. her C. she D. himself ( )11. They kept the secret to ______. A. their B. them C. themselves D. theirs ( )12. I ______ will help you with your study. A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself ( )13. You two can finish the work by ______. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. your ( )14. She often says to ______ before speaking English. A. her B. herself C. she D. hers ( )15. —Can he learn English well by ______? —Yes, he is a good learner. A. he B. his C. himself D. him 三、句型转换 1.He learns English by himself.（同义句） He ________ ________ English. 2.I can finish the work without others’ help.（同义句） I can finish the work ________ ________. 3.We enjoyed ourselves in the park.（同义句） We ________ ________ ________ ________ in the park. 4.Help yourself to some cakes.（改为复数句） Help ________ to some cakes. 5.She taught herself to dance.（同义句） She learned to dance ________ ________. 6.Nobody helps him. He has to do it alone.（同义） Nobody helps him. He has to do it ________ ________. 7.You must keep the secret to yourself.（改为复数） You must keep the secret to ________. 8.I myself worked out the problem.（同义句） I worked out the problem ________. 9.The boy hurt himself in PE class.（改为一般疑问句） ________ the boy ________ ________ in PE class? 10.They can look after themselves well.（改为否定句） They ________ ________ look after themselves well. 四、汉译英 1.汤姆自学英语。__________________________________________ 2.孩子们，请随便吃一些水果。__________________________________________ 3.我能独自完成这份练习。__________________________________________ 4.我们在晚会上玩得很开心。__________________________________________ 5.你应当相信你自己。__________________________________________ 6.不要把小女孩单独留在家里。__________________________________________ 7.他经常自言自语。__________________________________________ 8.机器人可以自己打扫房间。__________________________________________ 9.我们要学会照顾自己。__________________________________________ 10.没有人教她，她靠自己学习语法。________________________________________ Keys 一、词形填空 1.myself 2.herself 3.yourselves 4.itself 5.ourselves 6.himself 7.herself 8.yourselves 9.yourself 10.themselves 11.yourself 12.herself 13.myself 14.itself 15.ourselves 16.him; himself 17.herself 18.yourselves 19.himself 20.themselves 21.herself 22.ourselves 23.oneself 24.itself 25.yourself/yourselves 二、单项选择 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C 三、句型转换 1.teaches himself 2.by myself 3.had a good time 4.yourselves 5.by herself 6.by himself 7.yourselves 8.myself 9.Did; hurt himself 10.can not 四、汉译英 1.Tom teaches himself English. 2.Help yourselves to some fruit, children. 3.I can finish the exercise by myself. 4.We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 5.You should believe in yourself. 6.Don’t leave the little girl by herself at home. 7.He often says to himself. 8.The robot can clean the room by itself. 9.We should learn to look after ourselves. 10.Nobody teaches her. 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