Unit4语法(祈使句)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语祈使句核心语法点，系统梳理其定义（表达命令、请求等，省略主语you）、四大结构（肯定式含动词原形/Let型，否定式含Don’t/Let型/No型，加强语气用Do+动词原形，附加问句区分will you/shall we）及必考句型（祈使句+and/or+陈述句），结合手工/实验场景例句构建从基础到应用的学习支架。 该资料以“讲解-实例-练习”闭环设计为亮点，通过单元话题例句（如“Let’s glue the paper onto the board”）提升语言运用能力，分层练习（填空、句型转换等）培养思维品质，配套答案便于课后查漏。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生自主巩固，切实发展学习能力。

Unit4 Hands-on fun语法讲解与练习 祈使句详细讲义 一、定义 祈使句用来表达命令、请求、劝告、建议、叮嘱、禁止等语气，说话对象通常是对方（you），主语 you 通常省略，动词直接放在句首。 二、祈使句四大结构 1. 肯定祈使句 结构①：动词原形+其他 句首直接使用动词原形，不能加 to、不能变三单、不能用动名词。 Open the box. 打开盒子。 Mix the water together. 把水混合在一起。 Read the instructions first. 先阅读说明。 结构②：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形（让……） ✅ Let sb. do sth. Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 Let’s make a model. 咱们做一个模型。 区分：Let us = 请允许我们（不包含听话人） Let’s = Let us，包含听话人，“咱们” 2. 否定祈使句 结构①：Don’t +动词原形+其他（最常用） Don’t touch the wet paint. 别碰未干的油漆。 Don’t cut your fingers. 不要割到手。 结构②：Let型否定 Don’t let sb. do sth. Don’t let him run. 别让他跑。 Let sb. not do sth.（书面正式，初中较少用） 结构③：No +名词/动名词（标识标语，禁止……） 多用于警示牌 No smoking. 禁止吸烟 No photos. 禁止拍照 3. 加强语气（do 放肯定句首） Do + 动词原形，译为 “务必、一定” Do be careful! 一定要小心！ Do read the instructions carefully. 务必仔细阅读说明。 4. 祈使句附加问句（高频考点） *肯定祈使句，反意疑问：will you? Open the door, will you? 把门打开，好吗？ ⚠️特例：Let’s …, shall we? Let’s start, shall we? 我们开始吧，好吗？ *Let us …, will you? Let us go out, will you? 请允许我们出去，行吗？ *否定祈使句，反意疑问一律用 will you? Don’t make noise, will you? 不要吵闹，好吗？ 三、必考句型：祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句（一般将来时） *祈使句 + and + 陈述句 → 顺承关系，“做…… 就会……” Work hard, and you will succeed. 努力学习，你就会成功。 *祈使句 + or + 陈述句 → 转折，“否则” Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. 快点，否则你会错过公交车。 同义转换：If you …, you will… / If you don’t…, you will… Hurry up, or you will be late. = If you don’t hurry up, you will be late. 四、单元话题例句（Hands-on fun 手工/实验场景） 1.Read all the instructions first before you start. 动手前先阅读所有说明。 2.Don’t pour too much water into the bottle. 不要往瓶子里倒入太多水。 3.Let’s glue the paper onto the board. 我们把纸粘到木板上吧。 4.Do be careful with the knife! 使用小刀一定要小心！ 5.Cut the bamboo into small pieces, and you can make a toy. 把竹子切成小段，你就能做出玩具。 【配套练习】 一、用动词适当形式填空 1.________ (open) your books, please. 2.________ (not touch) the hot glass. It’s dangerous. 3.Let’s ________ (make) a paper plane together. 4.________ (be) quiet! The baby is sleeping. 5.Don’t ________ (cut) your fingers with the knife. 6.Let him ________ (help) you with the model. 7.________ (read) the instructions carefully before starting. 8.________ (not pour) too much paint into the bowl. 9.Do ________ (check) all parts before you glue them. 10.Let us ________ (begin) our DIY work now. 11.________ (mix) the two liquids together. 12.________ (not be) late for the DIY lesson. 13.Let her ________ (choose) the colour of paper. 14.________ (keep) your desk clean after the activity. 15.Don’t ________ (stick) the paper on the wall randomly. 16.________ (wash) your hands after you finish making things. 17.Let’s ________ (not waste) materials. 18.________ (look) out! There is broken glass here. 19.Don’t ________ (play) with scissors. 20.________ (take) your tools away when you leave. 21.Do ________ (remember) to wear gloves. 22.Let them ________ (try) again. 23.________ (not leave) the sharp knife on the table. 24.________ (add) a little more glue to the box. 25.Don’t ________ (talk) while working. 二、单项选择 ( )1. ______ careful! There is broken glass on the ground. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Are ( )2. ______ touch the wet paint. A. Not B. Don’t C. No D. Can’t ( )3. Let’s ______ a wooden shelf for books. A. make B. to make C. making D. made ( )4. —Let’s start our DIY project, ______? —OK. A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. don’t we ( )5. ______ noisy! The teacher is explaining instructions. A. Don’t be B. Not be C. Don’t D. No be ( )6. Work hard, ______ you will make a wonderful model. A. or B. and C. but D. so ( )7. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the DIY lesson. A. and B. but C. or D. so ( )8. Let him ______ the cardboard for us. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cuts ( )9. ______ forget to bring your scissors tomorrow. A. Not B. Don’t C. No D. Aren’t ( )10. Open the window, _________? A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. won’t you ( )11. ______ play with sharp knives. It’s dangerous. A. Don’t B. Not C. No D. Doesn’t ( )12. Do ______ the rules when you do experiments. A. follow B. to follow C. following D. follows ( )13. —Don’t run in the lab. —__________. A. Yes, I will B. No, I won’t C. Yes, I don’t D. No, I don’t ( )14. ______ photos here. Look at the sign. A. Not take B. Don’t take C. No take D. Not taking ( )15. Let us finish the work, ______? A. shall we B. will you C. do we D. don’t you 三、句型转换 1.You can read the instructions first.（改为祈使句） ________ the instructions first. 2.You must not touch the hot water.（改为祈使句） ________ ________ the hot water. 3.Let’s make a toy car.（改为反意疑问句） Let’s make a toy car, ________ ________? 4.Work hard, and you will finish soon.（同义句） ________ ________ work hard, you will finish soon. 5.Get up early, or you will be late.（同义句） ________ you ________ get up early, you will be late. 6.Close the door, please.（改为否定祈使句） ________ ________ the door, please. 7.Let me help you with your DIY.（改为一般否定祈使） ________ let me help you with your DIY. 8.You should be careful with the knife.（祈使句） ________ ________ with the knife. 9.Bring your glue to class tomorrow.（附加问句） Bring your glue to class tomorrow, ________ ________? 10.Don’t cut the wood too short.（改为肯定祈使句） ________ the wood carefully. 四、汉译英 1.动手前仔细阅读说明。 ______________________________________________ 2.不要把太多胶水倒进盒子里。 ______________________________________________ 3.咱们一起制作一个木质书架吧。 ______________________________________________ 4.小心小刀！不要割到手。 ______________________________________________ 5.努力练习，你就能做出漂亮模型。 ______________________________________________ 6.快点，否则我们会错过手工课。 ______________________________________________ 7.务必记住清理你的工作台。 ______________________________________________ 8.不要把尖锐工具留在桌上。 ______________________________________________ 9.让他尝试另一种方法。 ______________________________________________ 10.让我们开始，好吗？ ______________________________________________ Keys 一、动词适当形式填空 1.Open 2.Don’t touch 3.make 4.Be 5.cut 6.help 7.Read 8.Don’t pour 9.check 10.begin 11.Mix 12.Don’t be 13.choose 14.Keep 15.stick 16.Wash 17.not waste 18.Look 19.play 20.Take 21.remember 22.try 23.Don’t leave 24.Add 25.talk 二、单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B 三、句型转换 1.Read 2.Don’t touch 3.shall we 4.If you 5.If; don’t 6.Don’t close 7.Don’t 8.Be careful 9.will you 10.Cut 四、汉译英参考译文 1.Read the instructions carefully before you start. 2.Don’t pour too much glue into the box. 3.Let’s make a wooden shelf together. 4.Be careful with the knife! Don’t cut your fingers. 5.Work hard, and you can make a beautiful model. 6.Hurry up, or we will miss the DIY lesson. 7.Do remember to clean your worktable. 8.Don’t leave sharp tools on the table. 9.Let him try another way. 10.Let’s begin, shall we? 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $