Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind(复习讲义)英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册

2026-08-12
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语仁爱科普版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.10 MB
发布时间 2026-08-12
更新时间 2026-08-12
作者 Love英语
品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2026-08-12
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价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语复习讲义围绕“Sound Body, Sound Mind”主题,通过表格对比、用法详解等工具系统构建知识体系,梳理疾病表达、健康建议等核心词汇,情态动词need用法、否定前缀构词等语法要点,用“四个花费”对比表、“be good”短语小结表等呈现知识脉络,突出重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练+综合题型”设计,如知识点后单选、完形填空等,培养语言运用能力与思维品质。语法部分通过否定前缀分类表、need用法对比表帮助学生突破难点,分层练习支持不同学生提升,为教师精准教学和学生自主复习提供实用支持。

内容正文:

Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind (复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕Sound Body, Sound Mind(身心健康)主题,掌握谈论身体不适、疾病、饮食习惯、运动与心理状态的表达。 2、重点掌握疾病症状、健康生活方式、建议类词汇与短语,掌握看医生情景交际用语。 3、掌握情态动词 need 用法;掌握否定前缀 un‑/dis‑/non‑构词;学会用 by doing 结构表达方式方法。 4、能围绕 “身体哪里不舒服、如何保持身心健康、给出健康建议” 开展口头问答与书面表达,树立健康生活意识。 复习重难点 重点:情态动词 need 的用法;by doing 表方式;疾病与健康话题交际句型;健康建议类书面表达。 难点:need 作实义动词与情态动词的辨析;否定前缀构词识别;have+a+疾病固定搭配;写作中从饮食、运动、心态多角度有条理给出健康建议。 单元考点:单词、短语、句型 知识点1:What’s wrong with you? I just took my temperature. I have a fever.(你怎么了?我刚量了体温。我发烧了。) What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了?(用于询问身体 / 状况出问题) 同义句:‑ What’s the matter with you?‑ What’s the trouble with you? 介词用 with,后面接人 / 物:What’s wrong with the machine? 机器出什么故障了? take one’s temperature 量体温 have a fever 发烧 同类生病固定搭配:have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a headache 头痛 例句:What’s wrong with your sister? She took her temperature and said she had a fever.(你妹妹怎么了?她量了体温,说自己发烧了。) 【即时小练】 1.—What’s ________ with you, Lily? —I’m ________ my grades. A.wrong; worry about B.the wrong; worrying about C.the matter; worried about 2.You don’t look ________. What’s ________ with you? A.good; happen B.good; the trouble C.well; the wrong D.well; the matter 知识点2:I have a bad cough. I need to take some cough medicine.(我咳嗽得很严重。我需要吃些咳嗽药。)讲:①“have a bad cough” 中,“bad” 为形容词,修饰 “cough”(名词,表 “咳嗽”),“bad cough” 意为 “严重的咳嗽”; 【用法详解】have a/an +疾病名称 have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a/an +身体部位-ache have a headache 头痛 have a stomachache胃痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a sore +身体部位 have a sore back 背疼 have a sore throat 喉咙疼 主语+hurt (s) / cut (s) + 身体部位 / 反身代词 He hurts himself. 患病的表达方式 【注意】have the flu 患流感 例句:He has a bad cough, so he needs to take some cough medicine and drink more water.(他咳嗽得很严重,所以需要吃些咳嗽药,多喝些水。) 【即时小练】 1.—What’s wrong with you? —I have a bad ______ and I can’t stop coughing. A.stomachache B.toothache C.headache D.backache 2.The little boy has a bad cold and he _________ coughed day and night for three days. A.has had B.had C.is having D.has 3.—My sister has ________ bad headache and coughs a lot now. —She must have ________ flu. A.the; a B.a; a C.a; the 知识点3:Wang Junfeng spends too much time on phone games.(王俊峰花太多时间玩手机游戏。) 讲:①“spends too much time on phone games” 是 “spend + 时间 + on sth.” 的固定结构,“spend” 表 “花费(时间 / 金钱)”,主语必须是人,时态为一般现在时,主语 “Wang Junfeng” 是第三人称单数,故 “spend” 用 “spends”; 拓展:“四个花费”(pay, cost, spend与take) 单词 用法 结构 pay 花钱,主语是人 某人花多少钱买某物sb. pay +钱 for sth. cost 花钱,主语是物 某物花了某人多少钱sth. cost sb. +钱 sb. spend +钱/时间 on sth. spend 花钱/时间,主语是人 某人在某物上花费时间/金钱 某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事sb. spend +钱/时间(in)doing sth. take 花时间,it作形式主语 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes/took sb. +时间 to do sth. ►I spent 100 yuan on the present. 我花了100元买这件礼物。 ►It took me 20 minutes to get to school. 我花了20分钟到达学校。 ►We paid 150 yuan for the meal. 这顿饭我们花了150元。 ►The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan. 这个书包花了我50元。 ②“too much” 是限定词,表 “太多”,仅修饰不可数名词(如 “time”“money”),区别于 “too many”(修饰可数名词复数); 【易混辨析】重点:too much, too many与much too too much 副词词组,表示“……得太多”,修饰动词 形容词词组,表示“太多”,修饰 不可数 (可数/不可数)名词 too many 形容词词组,表示“太多”,修饰 可数 (可数/不可数)名词 much too 副词词组,表示“太……”,修饰形容词或副词 Eg.There is too much noise in the market. 市场里有太多噪音。 Too many people came to visit him every day. 每天都有太多人来拜访他。 The coat is much too dear. I can’t afford it. 这件外套太贵了,我买不起。 【即时小练】 1.You’d better ________ too much time playing computer games. A.not to spend B.not spend C.don’t spend D.to not spend 2.My teacher suggested that we ________ more time reading English books. A.spend B.spent C.spending D.to spend 3.My brother spends too much time ________ video games. A.play B.playing C.to play D.played 4.Don’t drink ________ juice. It has lots of sugar. A.too many B.too much C.much too D.lot of 5.Tom’s goldfish died because he gave them ________ food. A.many too B.much too C.too much D.too many 知识点4: I feel very sick and have a stomachache.(我感觉很不舒服,而且肚子疼。) 讲:①“feel very sick” 中,“feel” 是系动词,后接形容词 “sick” 作表语,“sick” 表 “身体不适的、恶心的”,可用于描述各种轻微或严重的身体不舒服; 辨析:“sick” 与 “ill” 的区别: 单词 词性 用法 例句 sick 形容词 ①可作表语:感到恶心、身体不舒服②可作定语,放在名词前:生病的 1. I feel sick. 我感觉难受 / 恶心。2. a sick boy 一个生病的男孩 ill 形容词 ①大多作表语,放在系动词后,表 “生病的”⚠️一般不作定语,不能说 an ill boy 1. He is ill. 他生病了。❌an ill man(错误,表生病) 【即时小练】 1.—I ________ sick. I may have a fever. —You’d better go to see a doctor. A.feel B.look C.sound 2.Because the early spring in our city is still cold, many elderly people ________. A.fall ill B.fall asleep C.fall behind 知识点5:You ate too much junk food. It is not healthy at all.(你吃了太多垃圾食品。它一点也不健康。) “not...at all” 是固定短语,表 “一点也不……”,用于加强否定语气。 例句:Eating too much junk food is not healthy at all, so we should eat less of it.(吃太多垃圾食品一点也不健康,所以我们应该少吃。) 用法 句型结构 例句 & 翻译 1. 修饰动词(最常考) 主语 + 助动词 + not + 动词 + at all I don’t like it at all. 我一点也不喜欢它。 2. 修饰形容词 / 副词 主语 + be + not + 形 / 副 + at all He is not tired at all. 他一点也不累。 3. 口语交际:Not at all. 单独使用 —Thank you. —Not at all. — 谢谢你。— 不客气。 【即时小练】 1.—Mum, I have finished my homework. Do you mind if I use your computer for a while? —________. But only for half an hour. A.Yes, you’d better not B.Not at all C.Yes, please D.Sorry, I do mind 2.—Would you mind if I ask my cousin to join us? —________. The more, the better. A.Not at all B.Of course C.Never mind D.You’d better not 知识点6:You need to take a rest and take some pills.(你需要休息一下,还要吃些药片。) take的用法 意义 常见结构/短语/例句 拿,取 take sth./sb. to sp. 带某物/某人到某地 take away拿走,带走 take off脱下(衣物);突然离开;(飞机)起飞 花费时间 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多少时间 吃,喝,服用 The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. 医生让我一天吃三次药。 乘(车、船等) take a/the bus乘坐公共汽车 选中;买下;租用 I’ll take the white jacket. 我要那件白色夹克衫。 接受,采纳 take one’s advice 采纳某人的建议 做……事情,与名词连用 take a rest/break 休息一下 take a risk 冒险  take a walk 散步 【即时小练】 1.We ________ to play sports every day to keep healthy. A.need B.needn’t C.don’t need D.doesn’t need 2.We should help those people ________. It’s a kind and meaningful (有意义的) thing to do. A.in detail B.in need C.in fact D.in common 3.________ takes us about 20 minutes to get to the train station. A.That B.This C.It D.He 4.Ten years ago, it ________ almost a whole day to reach the mountain town on foot. A.takes B.took C.has taken D.was taking 知识点7:Pingping and Yining both love sports a lot. Unlike her, Yining is shy.(平平和伊宁都非常喜欢运动。和她不同,伊宁很害羞。) both 两者都 用法:放在实义动词前面,be 动词 / 情态动词后面 They both like sports. 她们两个都喜欢运动。They are both students. 她们俩都是学生。 ⚠️ 两者用 both;三者及以上用 all 【易混辨析】重点:不定代词both,neither,all,none与either的用法 不定代词 用于几者中 含义 固定搭配 例句 both 两者 两者都 both...and... …和…都 Both Tom and Mary are teachers. 汤姆和玛丽都是老师 neither 两者都不 neither...nor... 既不…也不… Neither you nor I am good at math. 我们俩都不擅长数学。 all 三者或三者以上 三者或三者以上都 无 All of us are from China. 我们都来自中国。 none 三者或三者以上都不 无 I like none of the books. 这些书我都不喜欢。 either 两者中的任何一个 两者之一 either...or... 要么…要么… Either you or he is right. 不是你对,就是他对。 【即时小练】 1.Both my deskmate and I ________ ready for the coming speech competition. A.is B.am C.are D.be 2.Kitty and Millie ________ my good friends. We ________ want to be doctors one day. A.are both; both B.both are; both C.both are; all D.are both; all 知识点8:Exercise is good for us in many ways. For one thing, it can help build a strong body. For another, it is a good way to rest and relax our minds.(运动在很多方面对我们有好处。一方面,它能帮助我们塑造强壮的身体。另一方面,它是休息和放松大脑的好方法。)(P43) 讲:(1)“be good for” ,表 “对…… 有好处”,其反义词短语是 “be bad for”(对…… 有害); be good短语小结 短语 意义及用法 be good at “擅长……”,be good at sth./doing sth.=do well in sth./doing sth.“擅长某事/做某事”。其反义词组为be weak in sth./be poor at (sth./doing sth.)在某方面/做某事方面差/弱。 be good with “与……相处融洽;善于应付……的”,与get on/along well with同义,后常接表示人的名词或代词。 be good for “对……有好处”,其反义词组为be bad for。 be good to “对……友好”,相当于be friendly/kind to,后接名词或代词。 如: ①He’s good at dealing with pressure. 他善于应对压力。 ②I’m good with my classmates. 我与我的同学关系融洽。 ③It’s probably good for you to make some mistakes. 犯些错误或许对你有好处。 ④He is very good to me. 他对我非常友好。 (2)“in many ways” 是介词短语,表 “在很多方面”,“ways” 此处表 “方面、方式”; (3)“For one thing...For another...” ,表 “一方面…… 另一方面……”,用于列举同一事物的两个不同方面,两个短语后均需接完整句子; 辨析:“For one thing...For another...” 与 “On one hand...On the other hand...” 的区别:前者用于列举同一事物的两个相关方面(多为积极方面);后者可用于列举同一事物的两个对立方面,如 “On one hand, playing phone games is fun; on the other hand, it’s bad for eyes.”(一方面,玩手机游戏很有趣;另一方面,它对眼睛不好。) (4)“help build a strong body” 中,“help (to) do sth.” 是固定搭配,“to” 可省略,“build a strong body” 表 “塑造强壮的身体”。 例句:Reading is good for us in many ways. For one thing, it can help us learn knowledge. For another, it can make us feel relaxed.(阅读在很多方面对我们有好处。一方面,它能帮助我们学习知识。另一方面,它能让我们感到放松。) 【即时小练】 1.Jenny can be a teacher, because she ________ children. A.is good for B.is good with C.is good to D.is good at 2.She is good ________ talking to children so she can be good ________ them. A.at; with B.at; to C.for; at D.to; for 3.The differences ________ Mexico and Finland are great. These two countries are different ________ each other ________ many ways. A.among; from; in B.between; from; on C.among; with; in D.between; from; in 4.— I’m feeling down these days. What can I do? — Well, for one thing, you could try talking to a friend. ________, you could keep a diary. A.But also B.On the one hand C.For another D.On the other side 5.I don’t think the woman is qualified for this job. For one thing, she didn’t arrive here on time. A.As a result B.What’s more C.As one example D.In a word 6.Practising calligraphy helps me ________ more patient and focused. A.became B.become C.becoming D.becomes 知识点9:When you plan to do exercise, here are some tips for you.(当你计划做运动时,这里有一些给你的建议。) 讲:①“plan to do sth.” 表 “计划做某事”; ②“do exercise” 是固定短语,表 “做运动”,等同于 “do sports”; 例句:When you plan to learn English, here are some tips for you: read more and speak more.(当你计划学英语时,这里有一些给你的建议:多读、多说。) 拓展:“here be” 句型的用法: ① 主语是单数时用 “here is”,如 “Here is a tip for you”; ② 主语是复数时用 “here are”; ③ 若主语是代词,需用正常语序,如 “Here it is”(它在这儿),不可说 “Here is it”。 【即时小练】 1.The students planned ________ a short video about their community. A.make B.making C.to make D.made 2.—When do you plan ________ the zoo, Mike? —Maybe next Saturday. A.visit B.visiting C.to visit 3.— Lily, what do you usually do after school?   — I ________ exercise with my friends. A.does B.am doing C.do D.doing 4.Here ________ a photo of my family. A.am B.is C.are D.be 知识点10: I am never absent from the football matches in my school.(我从不错过学校的足球比赛。) 讲:“be absent from” 是固定短语,表 “缺席……、不在……”,“absent” 是形容词,表 “缺席的、不在场的”,其反义词是 “present”(在场的); 例句:He is never absent from class, so he always gets good grades.(他从不上课缺席,所以总是取得好成绩。) match(n. 比赛;竞赛)同义辨析:match /game/competition 单词 词性 侧重点 例句 match n. 多指正式、对抗性较强的体育比赛,双方对决 a football match 足球比赛We will watch a tennis match. 我们要看一场网球比赛。 game n. 泛指游戏、运动项目;球赛,可指非正式 / 正式;复数 games 可指运动会 play games 玩游戏a basketball game 篮球比赛the Olympic Games 奥运会 competition n. 侧重竞赛、角逐,可以是体育、才艺、演讲等各类比拼,强调竞争 a speaking competition 演讲比赛a swimming competition 游泳竞赛 【即时小练】 1.You must tell your teacher ________ it when you have to be absent ________ class. A.about; for B.with; from C.about; from D.with; for 2.I wonder if he ________ to the meeting tonight. If he’s absent ________ it, he’ll be punished. A.will come; from B.comes; for C.comes; from D.will come; to 知识点11:Let’s talk about food and healthy diet. Fruit and vegetables are healthy. You need to eat them every day.(让我们谈论一下食物和健康饮食吧。水果和蔬菜是健康的。你需要每天吃它们。) 讲:①“Let’s talk about...” 是祈使句,表 “让我们谈论…… 吧”,“Let’s”=“Let us”,后接动词原形; ②“talk about” 是固定短语,表 “谈论……”,后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词。 常见提建议的句型还有如下几种: ①Would you like to do sth.?你想要做某事吗? ②Shall we do sth.?让我们做某事好吗? ③Let’s do sth.!让我们做某事吧! ④You’d better (not) do sth. 你最好(不要)做某事。 ⑤Would/Could you please (not) do sth.?请你(不要)做某事好吗? ⑥Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗? ⑦Why not do sth.?/Why don’t you do sth.? 你为什么不做某事呢? 例句:Let’s talk about healthy habits. We need to sleep early every night.(让我们谈论一下健康习惯吧。我们需要每天晚上早睡。) 【即时小练】 1.—I want to know ________. —Because I keep practicing every day. Hard work really pays off. A.how you succeeded in the match B.why you succeeded in the match C.how did you succeed in the match D.why did you succeed in the match 2.Let ________ help you with your English. I’m good at it. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 3.—Let’s go to watch the band show this weekend. —________ A.Good idea! B.You’re welcome. C.That’s right. 知识点12:We both live healthy lifestyles. I enjoy running and playing soccer. My sister prefers swimming and basketball.(我们都过着健康的生活方式。我喜欢跑步和踢足球。我妹妹更喜欢游泳和打篮球。) 讲:①“enjoy doing sth.” ,表 “喜欢做某事”,“enjoy” 后接动名词,不可接不定式(不可说 “enjoy to run”) ②“prefer doing sth.” 表 “更喜欢做某事”,“prefer” 后接动名词或名词,其比较级含义隐含 “与其他事物相比”,如 “prefer swimming”=“like swimming better”。 例句:My parents both live healthy lifestyles. My father enjoys hiking, and my mother prefers yoga.(我父母都过着健康的生活方式。我爸爸喜欢徒步旅行,我妈妈更喜欢瑜伽。) 辨析:“enjoy doing sth.” 与 “prefer doing sth.” 的区别: ①“enjoy” 仅表 “喜欢”,无比较含义; ②“prefer” 表 “更喜欢”,隐含 “与其他选项对比”,还可用于 “prefer A to B”(比起 B 更喜欢 A),如 “She prefers tea to coffee”(比起咖啡,她更喜欢茶)。 【即时小练】 1.My grandma enjoys ________ peanuts in our small backyard every spring. A.grow B.growing C.to grow D.grows 2.We should spend more time ________ the fun of school life instead of finishing endless homework. A.enjoy B.enjoying C.to enjoy D.enjoyed 3.I prefer ________ at home to ________ out. A.stay; go B.to stay; go C.staying; going 4.My best friend Alan prefers ________ books rather than play computer games to relax himself in his spare time. A.read B.to read C.reading 知识点13:Though we choose different sports and food, we both care about being healthy.(虽然我们选择不同的运动和食物,但我们都关心保持健康。) 讲:“Though” 是让步连词,表 “虽然、尽管”,引导让步状语从句,不可与 “but” 同时使用(英语中 “though/although” 与 “but” 不能连用),如不可说 “Though we are tired, but we keep working”; 例句:Though he is busy, he still cares about his family’s health.(虽然他很忙,但他仍然关心家人的健康。) 拓展:“though” 与 “although” 的区别: ① 两者含义相同,可互换; ②“though” 可用于句末,表 “不过、然而”,如 “He is young. He is experienced, though.”(他很年轻,不过很有经验。);“although” 不可用于句末。 choose 如:①Many students choose to get further education at home instead of going abroad. 许多学生选择在国内接受进一步教育,而不是出国。 ②He had no choice but to depend on himself at that moment.当时他别无选择,只能依靠自己。 【即时小练】 1.Reading can help us learn about different cultures ________ we have never been to those places. A.as if B.even though C.so that D.because 2.Lots of teenagers choose ________ bad online behaviour when they surf the Internet. A.avoid B.avoiding C.to avoid D.avoided 3.It’s difficult for them to choose ________ to hike because there are many beautiful paths in the mountains. A.what B.where C.when D.how 4.I choose _______ with my mum this afternoon. She will buy me some new clothes. A.going shopping B.to go shopping C.to going shopping 单元语法:常见否定前缀 non‑ /dis‑ /un‑ /mis‑ /in‑ /im‑及need的用法 语法(一):常见否定前缀 non‑ /dis‑ /un‑ /mis‑ /in‑ /im‑ 否定前缀:加在单词前面,把原词意思变成相反、否定,不改变单词词性,大多构成形容词、名词、动词。 一、各个前缀用法 + 例词(课本重点) 1. un‑ 最常用,多用于形容词 / 副词 含义:不……、无…… 原词 加 un 中文 happy 开心的 unhappy 不开心的 fair 公平的 unfair 不公平的 lucky 幸运的 unlucky 不幸的 able 能够的 unable 不能的 usual 平常的 unusual 不寻常的 ✨规律:大多数普通形容词直接加 un 2. dis‑ 多用于动词、形容词、名词 含义:不…;否定;相反动作 原词 加 dis 中文 like 喜欢 dislike 不喜欢(动词) agree 同意 disagree 不同意(动词) honest 诚实的 dishonest 不诚实的(形容词) appear 出现 disappear 消失(动词) ✨重点:dis很多时候表示动作反向 3. mis‑ 表示「错误地、误…」 含义:错误、搞错,大多接动词 / 名词 原词 加 mis 中文 understand 理解 misunderstand 误解 take 拿 mistake 弄错;错误 lead 引导 mislead 误导 hear 听见 mishear 听错 ✨核心:mis侧重「做错、理解错」,不是单纯 “不” 4. in‑ 否定前缀,多用于形容词 含义:不、无 原词 加 in 中文 active 积极的 inactive 不积极的 correct 正确的 incorrect 不正确的 complete 完整的 incomplete 不完整的 5. non 表示「非…,无…」,多接名词、形容词 语气比 in/un弱,客观上 “不是这一类” 原词 加 non 中文 smoker 吸烟者 nonsmoker 不吸烟的人 stop 停止 nonstop 直达的;不停的 violent 暴力的 nonviolent 非暴力的 ✨non 强调类别上 “不属于”,不是感情上反对。 快速区分口诀(考试必背) un‑:普通形容词,“不……” dis‑:动词反向,“不、相反动作” mis‑:做错、搞错,“误……” in‑ / im‑:形容词否定;b/p/m 开头用 im‑ non‑:客观非、无,表类别 易错辨析表格 前缀 核心含义 主要词性 典型例子 un 不(状态否定) adj. unhappy,unfair dis 相反;不 v./adj. disagree,dislike mis 错误地 v. misunderstand,mislead in 不(性质否定) adj. incorrect,inactive im 不(b/p/m 前) adj. impolite,impossible non 非,无(类别) n./adj. nonsmoker,nonstop (二)need的用法(need to do/don't need to do/needn't do) 【考点01】实义动词need的句型结构: (1) 肯定句:“需要做某事” 句型结构:主语+ need (s) + to +动词原形+其他 如:①I need to study for the exam. 我需要为考试学习。  ②She needs to buy a new dress. 她需要买一条新裙子。 (2) 否定句:“不需要做某事” 句型结构:主语+ don’t/doesn’t need + to +动词原形+其他 如:①You don’t need to come early. 你不需要早来。  ②He doesn’t need to work on Sunday. 他周日不需要工作。 (3) 一般疑问句:“需要做某事吗” 句型结构:Do/Does +主语+ need + to +动词原形+其他? 一般疑问句的肯定和否定回答:多用yes或no来回答。 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does. 否定回答:No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t. 如:①Do you need to leave now? 你需要现在离开吗? 肯定回答:Yes, I do. 否定回答: No, I don’t.  ②Does she need to attend the meeting? 她需要参加会议吗? 肯定回答:Yes, she does. 否定回答: No, she doesn’t. (4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+ do/does +主语+ need + to +动词原形+其他? 如:①What do you need to prepare? 你需要准备什么? ②Why does he need to change his plan? 他为什么需要改变计划? 【考点02】情态动词need的句型结构: (1) 肯定句:罕见用法(了解即可)情态动词 need 几乎不用于肯定句,仅在正式文体或谚语中出现,表达“有必要做某事”,可替换为 must/have to。 如:You need come here at 8:00.(正式)= You must come here at 8:00. 你需要8点到这里。 (2) 否定句:“不需要做某事” 句型结构:主语+ needn’t +动词原形+其他 如:①You needn’t worry about it. 你不必担心此事。  ②She needn’t finish the work today. 她今天不必完成工作。 (3)一般疑问句:询问 “是否需要做某事” 句型结构:Need +主语+动词原形+其他? 一般疑问句的肯定和否定回答:多用yes或no来回答。 注意:肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + must.(不用need) 否定回答:No, 主语 + needn’t.= No, 主语 + don’t/doesn’t need to. 如:①Need I call him now? 我需要现在打电话给他吗? 肯定回答:Yes, you must. 否定回答: No, you needn’t.  ②Need they hand the homework today? 他们需要今天上交作业吗? 肯定回答:Yes, they must. 否定回答:No, they needn’t. (4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+ need +主语+动词原形+其他? 如:①Why need she apologize? 她为什么需要道歉?  ②When need we arrive? 我们需要什么时候到达? 【考点03】情态need和情态动词need的句型结构对比: 句型 实义动词 need(need to do) 情态动词 need(need do) 肯定句 主语 + need (s) to do ×(不用于肯定句) 否定句 主语 + don’t/doesn’t need to do 主语 + needn’t do 一般疑问句 Do/Does + 主语 + need to do? Need + 主语 + do? 回答 肯定回答: Yes, 主语 + do/does. 否定回答: No, 主语 + don’t/doesn’t. 肯定回答: Yes, 主语 + must. 否定回答: No, 主语 + needn’t./ No, 主语don’t/doesn’t need to. 【考点04】need to do vs. needn’t do vs. don’t need to do的区别 结构 含义及用法 need to do 实义动词,表示 “必须做某事”(强调客观需求)。 如:I need to study hard. 我必须努力学习。 needn’t do 情态动词否定,表示 “不必做某事”(已有足够条件,无需做)。 如:You needn’t buy gifts. 你不必买礼物。 don’t need to do 实义动词否定,含义同 needn’t do,但更强调 “没有必要”。 如:We don’t need to hurry. 我们没必要赶时间。 一、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.The warm room makes us ________ (困倦的). 2.If you have a ________ (均衡的) diet (饮食), you will stay healthy. 3.This ________ (黄瓜) plant is climbing. 4.A good breakfast gives us much ________ (能量) to start a day. 5.To lose __________ (体重), you should do exercise five times a week. 6.Please wait a ________ (片刻). I’m doing homework now. 7.Four women teachers help us to have this ________ (排球) game. 8.There is a big ________ (屏幕) at the back of the classroom. 9.Mary is a very ______ (外向的) girl. She likes making friends very much. 10.The ________(温度) of the water is just right for swimming. 二、用所给单词适当形式填空 11.I make some fruit salad and __________ (serve) it to my family. 12.My favourite sport is ________ (jog). 13.I’m so __________ (sleep). I can hardly keep my eyes open. 14.Li Lei ________ (prefer) bananas to apples when he was a child. 15.I went to bed late to watch the soccer game last night and now I feel very ________ (sleep). 16.In the singing competition, he didn’t sing so ________ (clear) as Bob. 17.It ________ (seem) that you are very hungry. Let’s have lunch at first. 18.What a pity! Sue lost the game because the ________ (weigh) of her shoes made it difficult for her to run fast. 19.The best ____________(medical) for you now would be a good holiday. 20.I have to ________ (hurry) to school because I can’t be late for school. 三、单项选择 21.—Must I finish the work today? —No, you ________. You can finish it tomorrow. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 22.— I have a ________. I can’t eat anything. — You should see a dentist. A.headache B.toothache C.fever D.cold 23.—Jennifer was too nervous to express herself clearly in public. —Maybe she should be more ________. A.serious B.polite C.confident D.energetic 24.The girl is getting well and she doesn’t need ________ the medicine now. A.take B.to take C.taking D.took 25.Kangkang ________ do the work today. He can hand it in tomorrow. A.needn’t B.need to C.needs D.needn’t to 26.Seafood may seem to ________ with some people. A.agree B.disagree C.nonagree D.unagree 27.After a good sleep, you will be full ________ energy. A.with B.of C.for D.at 28.Talking to ourselves is a useful way ________ through difficult moments. A.get B.to get C.getting D.got 29.Lisa ________ playing the piano. She won first prize in the music competition last month. A.is good for B.is good to C.is good at D.is good with 30.He ________ swim in the pool ________ run outside in summer. A.prefers to; rather than B.prefers; rather than C.prefers doing; than D.prefer to; than 四、完形填空 阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Many people like to eat junk food. 31 it tastes good, it is not healthy. Too much junk food can 32 stomachaches, headaches, and even toothaches. One day, Li Xiang felt very sick. He had a 33 . His mother took him to the hospital. The doctor 34 him and asked about his lunch. Li Xiang said he had hamburgers, chips, and iced Coke. The doctor said, “You ate 35 much junk food. It is not healthy at 36 . You need to stop eating it.” The doctor gave him some 37 and told him to rest in bed. Li Xiang promised to change his 38 . He would eat more vegetables and fruit. He 39 exercise more. He learned that health is 40 than anything else. 31.A.Because B.Although C.If D.Unless 32.A.cause B.cure C.treat D.prevent 33.A.headache B.fever C.stomachache D.toothache 34.A.examined B.created C.designed D.imagined 35.A.too B.very C.so D.quite 36.A.last B.least C.most D.all 37.A.pills B.apples C.books D.toys 38.A.habits B.hobbies C.lessons D.subjects 39.A.would B.could C.should D.might 40.A.important B.more important C.most important D.the most important 五、语法选择 请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 A new snack called milk skin “tanghulu” has become very popular online, 41 it has brought some problems. 42 Wednesday, this topic became a hot search after some early fans said they had skin (皮肤) problems. A lady shared that she loved this sweet snack so much that she bought several sticks every day after work. After eating it often, her face 43 worse. A doctor said she had skin problems because she ate too much sugar for 44 long time. Dr. Jin, a doctor in Nanjing, said that eating too much sugar is 45 for the skin—it makes the skin look old and dark. It is also 46 for health. 47 less influence on the body, Dr. Jin advises eating less sugar, salt and fat, especially sugar and oil. To make a milk skin “tanghulu”, first mix traditional “tanghulu” 48 soft milk skin (like thick cream) and then cover them with hard sugar. 49 special taste makes it a favorite among young people. But experts say 50 the snack is delicious, eating too much is bad. They suggest eating it no more than twice a week. 41.A.but B.and C.so 42.A.In B.At C.On 43.A.got B.get C.gets 44.A.the B.a C.an 45.A.worse B.worst C.bad 46.A.danger B.dangerous C.dangers 47.A.To have B.Have C.Having 48.A.and B.with C.to 49.A.Its B.It’s C.It 50.A.so B.because C.although 六、短文填空 阅读短文,在空格处填入1个合适单词,或用括号内单词正确形式填空 The three fu days come in hot summer. The weather is very hot, so many people love 51 (eat) ice cream and drinking iced juice. But this is a bad habit. It is 52 (real) bad for our stomachs. Cold food changes the temperature of our stomachs quickly. It 53 (bring) stomach pain easily. Lots of students 54 (have) this bad habit in the past. They did not know the danger. Now our teachers tell us 55 (keep) away from too much cold food. We can drink warm water 56 hot weather. Fresh fruit is also a good choice. It is important 57 us to keep healthy eating habits. We need small ways 58 (protect) our stomachs. When we stay away from iced food, we can enjoy summer 59 (easy). This good habit can stop us 60 getting stomach problems. 七、选词填空 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 for  benefit  comfortable  keep  they  succeed  away  to  through  medicine The tradition of drinking hot water dates back to about 4,000 years ago in China. Sometimes, hot water is like magic 61 for Chinese. When you feel a little 62 , your friends or family members may advise you to drink some hot water. In 63 opinion, hot water is useful for some illnesses. In old days, hot water also helped people get 64 a lot of difficult moments. By boiling (煮沸) water to make drinking water safe, a lot of people 65 in preventing (预防) diseases and stopping them from spreading (传播). Hot water also helped poor people 66 warm in cold winters. According 67 Chinese culture, drinking hot water can provide “yang” energy. The energy is very good 68 our health. It can keep our body running well and help us stay 69 from illnesses. With all these 70 , hot water is always popular among Chinese people. Do you like drinking hot water? 八、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景,在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。 (Bob is now at Doctor Li’s office) Doctor: Hello, 71 ? Bob: I have a stomachache and I feel sick. D: 72 ? B: About two hours ago just after lunch. D: 73 ? B: Well, I had two hamburgers and some ice cream. D: You ate too much junk food. It’s not healthy. B: I see. 74 ? D: You need to take a rest and take some pills. B: 75 . D: You are welcome. Remember to eat healthy food. B: Sure. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 1 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind (复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕Sound Body, Sound Mind(身心健康)主题,掌握谈论身体不适、疾病、饮食习惯、运动与心理状态的表达。 2、重点掌握疾病症状、健康生活方式、建议类词汇与短语,掌握看医生情景交际用语。 3、掌握情态动词 need 用法;掌握否定前缀 un‑/dis‑/non‑构词;学会用 by doing 结构表达方式方法。 4、能围绕 “身体哪里不舒服、如何保持身心健康、给出健康建议” 开展口头问答与书面表达,树立健康生活意识。 复习重难点 重点:情态动词 need 的用法;by doing 表方式;疾病与健康话题交际句型;健康建议类书面表达。 难点:need 作实义动词与情态动词的辨析;否定前缀构词识别;have+a+疾病固定搭配;写作中从饮食、运动、心态多角度有条理给出健康建议。 单元考点:单词、短语、句型 知识点1:What’s wrong with you? I just took my temperature. I have a fever.(你怎么了?我刚量了体温。我发烧了。) What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了?(用于询问身体 / 状况出问题) 同义句:‑ What’s the matter with you?‑ What’s the trouble with you? 介词用 with,后面接人 / 物:What’s wrong with the machine? 机器出什么故障了? take one’s temperature 量体温 have a fever 发烧 同类生病固定搭配:have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a headache 头痛 例句:What’s wrong with your sister? She took her temperature and said she had a fever.(你妹妹怎么了?她量了体温,说自己发烧了。) 【即时小练】 1.—What’s ________ with you, Lily? —I’m ________ my grades. A.wrong; worry about B.the wrong; worrying about C.the matter; worried about 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——莉莉,你怎么了?——我担心我的成绩。“What’s wrong with sb.”和“What’s the matter with sb.”都是询问某人怎么了的常用句型,所以第一空可以填“wrong”或者“the matter”;worry about担心,动词短语;worried about担心的,形容词短语。根据“I’m...”可知,此处应使用形容词短语作表语,表示“我担心我的成绩”,所以第二空应填“worried about”。 2.You don’t look ________. What’s ________ with you? A.good; happen B.good; the trouble C.well; the wrong D.well; the matter 【答案】D 【详解】句意:你看起来身体不舒服,你怎么了?第一空,look是系动词,后接形容词,表示身体健康状况常用well,good多指品质或性质好;第二空,询问“怎么了”常用固定句型What’s the matter with you? 或What’s wrong with you?,matter是名词需加the,wrong是形容词不加the。选项A中happen是动词不符合结构;选项C中the wrong语法错误;选项D中well和the matter均符合语境和语法。故选D。 知识点2:I have a bad cough. I need to take some cough medicine.(我咳嗽得很严重。我需要吃些咳嗽药。)讲:①“have a bad cough” 中,“bad” 为形容词,修饰 “cough”(名词,表 “咳嗽”),“bad cough” 意为 “严重的咳嗽”; 【用法详解】have a/an +疾病名称 have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a/an +身体部位-ache have a headache 头痛 have a stomachache胃痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a sore +身体部位 have a sore back 背疼 have a sore throat 喉咙疼 主语+hurt (s) / cut (s) + 身体部位 / 反身代词 He hurts himself. 患病的表达方式 【注意】have the flu 患流感 例句:He has a bad cough, so he needs to take some cough medicine and drink more water.(他咳嗽得很严重,所以需要吃些咳嗽药,多喝些水。) 【即时小练】 1.—What’s wrong with you? —I have a bad ______ and I can’t stop coughing. A.stomachache B.toothache C.headache D.backache 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你怎么了?——我得了严重的头痛,而且止不住咳嗽。 考查名词辨析。stomachache胃痛;toothache牙痛;headache头痛;backache背痛。根据“I can’t stop coughing”可知,咳嗽通常为感冒的症状,头痛也是感冒得症状之一,而其他选项与咳嗽无直接联系。故选C。 2.The little boy has a bad cold and he _________ coughed day and night for three days. A.has had B.had C.is having D.has 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这个小男孩得了重感冒,他已经日夜咳嗽三天了。 根据时间状语for three days可知,动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词),主语he是第三人称单数,助动词用has。 3.—My sister has ________ bad headache and coughs a lot now. —She must have ________ flu. A.the; a B.a; a C.a; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我妹妹现在头疼得厉害,咳嗽得厉害。——她一定得了流感。考查冠词用法。第一空是固定用法have a headache“头疼”;第二空是固定短语have the flu“患流感”。故选C。 知识点3:Wang Junfeng spends too much time on phone games.(王俊峰花太多时间玩手机游戏。) 讲:①“spends too much time on phone games” 是 “spend + 时间 + on sth.” 的固定结构,“spend” 表 “花费(时间 / 金钱)”,主语必须是人,时态为一般现在时,主语 “Wang Junfeng” 是第三人称单数,故 “spend” 用 “spends”; 拓展:“四个花费”(pay, cost, spend与take) 单词 用法 结构 pay 花钱,主语是人 某人花多少钱买某物sb. pay +钱 for sth. cost 花钱,主语是物 某物花了某人多少钱sth. cost sb. +钱 sb. spend +钱/时间 on sth. spend 花钱/时间,主语是人 某人在某物上花费时间/金钱sb. spend +钱/时间(in)doing sth. 某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事 take 花时间,it作形式主语 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes/took sb. +时间 to do sth. ►I spent 100 yuan on the present. 我花了100元买这件礼物。 ►It took me 20 minutes to get to school. 我花了20分钟到达学校。 ►We paid 150 yuan for the meal. 这顿饭我们花了150元。 ►The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan. 这个书包花了我50元。 ②“too much” 是限定词,表 “太多”,仅修饰不可数名词(如 “time”“money”),区别于 “too many”(修饰可数名词复数); 【易混辨析】重点:too much, too many与much too too much 副词词组,表示“……得太多”,修饰动词 形容词词组,表示“太多”,修饰 不可数 (可数/不可数)名词 too many 形容词词组,表示“太多”,修饰 可数 (可数/不可数)名词 much too 副词词组,表示“太……”,修饰形容词或副词 Eg.There is too much noise in the market. 市场里有太多噪音。 Too many people came to visit him every day. 每天都有太多人来拜访他。 The coat is much too dear. I can’t afford it. 这件外套太贵了,我买不起。 【即时小练】 1.You’d better ________ too much time playing computer games. A.not to spend B.not spend C.don’t spend D.to not spend 【答案】B 【详解】句意:你最好不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。had better后接动词原形,意为“最好做某事”,其否定形式是在better后直接加not,即had better not do sth.。应填not spend。 2.My teacher suggested that we ________ more time reading English books. A.spend B.spent C.spending D.to spend 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我的老师建议我们多花时间读英文书。suggest表示“建议”时,后接that引导的宾语从句,从句谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”,should常被省略。根据“My teacher suggested that we…”可知,此处应用动词原形spend。 3.My brother spends too much time ________ video games. A.play B.playing C.to play D.played 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我弟弟花太多时间玩电子游戏。固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”意为“花费时间做某事”,介词in后接动名词形式,应填playing。 4.Don’t drink ________ juice. It has lots of sugar. A.too many B.too much C.much too D.lot of 【答案】B 【详解】句意:不要喝太多果汁。它有很多糖。too many太多(修饰可数名词复数);too much太多(修饰不可数名词);much too实在太(修饰形容词或副词);lot of表达错误。根据“juice”是不可数名词,可知应用too much修饰。 5.Tom’s goldfish died because he gave them ________ food. A.many too B.much too C.too much D.too many 【答案】C 【详解】句意:汤姆的金鱼死了,因为他给了它们太多的食物。 too much太多,后接不可数名词;much too太……,后接形容词或副词;too many太多,后接可数名词复数;many too无此搭配。根据“food”是不可数名词,且句意表示喂食过量,可知应用too much。 知识点4: I feel very sick and have a stomachache.(我感觉很不舒服,而且肚子疼。) 讲:①“feel very sick” 中,“feel” 是系动词,后接形容词 “sick” 作表语,“sick” 表 “身体不适的、恶心的”,可用于描述各种轻微或严重的身体不舒服; 辨析:“sick” 与 “ill” 的区别: 单词 词性 用法 例句 sick 形容词 ①可作表语:感到恶心、身体不舒服②可作定语,放在名词前:生病的 1. I feel sick. 我感觉难受 / 恶心。2. a sick boy 一个生病的男孩 ill 形容词 ①大多作表语,放在系动词后,表 “生病的”⚠️一般不作定语,不能说 an ill boy 1. He is ill. 他生病了。❌an ill man(错误,表生病) 【即时小练】 1.—I ________ sick. I may have a fever. —You’d better go to see a doctor. A.feel B.look C.sound 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我觉得不舒服。我可能发烧了。——你最好去看医生。feel感觉;look看起来;sound听起来。根据后句“I may have a fever.”可知,说话人是在描述自己的身体感受,feel sick意为“感到不舒服”,符合语境。 2.Because the early spring in our city is still cold, many elderly people ________. A.fall ill B.fall asleep C.fall behind 【答案】A 【详解】句意:因为我们城市的早春依然很冷,很多老年人生病了。fall ill生病;fall asleep睡着;fall behind落后。根据“the early spring in our city is still cold”并结合常识可知,寒冷会导致“生病”,应填fall ill。 知识点5:You ate too much junk food. It is not healthy at all.(你吃了太多垃圾食品。它一点也不健康。) “not...at all” 是固定短语,表 “一点也不……”,用于加强否定语气。 例句:Eating too much junk food is not healthy at all, so we should eat less of it.(吃太多垃圾食品一点也不健康,所以我们应该少吃。) 用法 句型结构 例句 & 翻译 1. 修饰动词(最常考) 主语 + 助动词 + not + 动词 + at all I don’t like it at all. 我一点也不喜欢它。 2. 修饰形容词 / 副词 主语 + be + not + 形 / 副 + at all He is not tired at all. 他一点也不累。 3. 口语交际:Not at all. 单独使用 —Thank you. —Not at all. — 谢谢你。— 不客气。 【即时小练】 1.—Mum, I have finished my homework. Do you mind if I use your computer for a while? —________. But only for half an hour. A.Yes, you’d better not B.Not at all C.Yes, please D.Sorry, I do mind 【答案】B 【详解】句意:—妈妈,我已经做完作业了。你介意我用一会儿你的电脑吗?—一点也不介意。但只能使用半小时。问句Do you mind用于征求对方意见,若不介意(同意)常用否定回答,若介意(不同意)常用肯定回答。根据答语后句“But only for half an hour.”可知妈妈同意了孩子的请求,只是限制了时间。A项表示拒绝;C项 Yes 表示介意,与语境矛盾;D项表示介意。B 项表示不介意,符合语境。 2.—Would you mind if I ask my cousin to join us? —________. The more, the better. A.Not at all B.Of course C.Never mind D.You’d better not 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你介意我叫上我表妹一起来吗?——完全不介意。越多越好。考查情景交际。Not at all一点也不;Of course当然;Never mind没关系;You’d better not你最好不要。根据“The more, the better.”可知,是一点也不介意。故选A。 知识点6:You need to take a rest and take some pills.(你需要休息一下,还要吃些药片。) take的用法 意义 常见结构/短语/例句 拿,取 take sth./sb. to sp. 带某物/某人到某地 take away拿走,带走 take off脱下(衣物);突然离开;(飞机)起飞 花费时间 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多少时间 吃,喝,服用 The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. 医生让我一天吃三次药。 乘(车、船等) take a/the bus乘坐公共汽车 选中;买下;租用 I’ll take the white jacket. 我要那件白色夹克衫。 接受,采纳 take one’s advice 采纳某人的建议 做……事情,与名词连用 take a rest/break 休息一下 take a risk 冒险  take a walk 散步 【即时小练】 1.We ________ to play sports every day to keep healthy. A.need B.needn’t C.don’t need D.doesn’t need 【答案】A 【详解】句意:为了保持健康,我们需要每天做运动。根据空后“to play”可知need在此处作实义动词,用法为need to do sth.“需要做某事”。由“…to keep healthy”可知,此处表示为了保持健康,“需要”做运动;主语We是第一人称复数,表示肯定直接用need。 2.We should help those people ________. It’s a kind and meaningful (有意义的) thing to do. A.in detail B.in need C.in fact D.in common 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。这是一件善良且有意义的事情。in detail详细地;in need在危难中,需要帮助的;in fact事实上;in common共同地。根据“It’s a kind and meaningful thing to do.”可知帮助那些处于困境中的人是有意义的,people in need意为“需要帮助的人”。应填in need。 3.________ takes us about 20 minutes to get to the train station. A.That B.This C.It D.He 【答案】C 【详解】句意:它花费我们大约 20 分钟到达火车站。That那;This这;It它;He他。“... takes us about 20 minutes to get”表明,It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多少时间”,其中It作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。应填It。 4.Ten years ago, it ________ almost a whole day to reach the mountain town on foot. A.takes B.took C.has taken D.was taking 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——十年前,步行抵达这座山镇几乎要花费一整天的时间。 Ten years ago是一般过去时的标志性时间状语;takes为一般现在时形式,has taken为现在完成时形式,was taking为过去进行时形式,均不符合本句过去时间的语境要求。根据时间提示“十年前”可知,谓语需使用take的过去式,应填took。 知识点7:Pingping and Yining both love sports a lot. Unlike her, Yining is shy.(平平和伊宁都非常喜欢运动。和她不同,伊宁很害羞。) both 两者都 用法:放在实义动词前面,be 动词 / 情态动词后面 They both like sports. 她们两个都喜欢运动。They are both students. 她们俩都是学生。 ⚠️ 两者用 both;三者及以上用 all 【易混辨析】重点:不定代词both,neither,all,none与either的用法 不定代词 用于几者中 含义 固定搭配 例句 both 两者 两者都 both...and... …和…都 Both Tom and Mary are teachers. 汤姆和玛丽都是老师 neither 两者都不 neither...nor... 既不…也不… Neither you nor I am good at math. 我们俩都不擅长数学。 all 三者或三者以上 三者或三者以上都 无 All of us are from China. 我们都来自中国。 none 三者或三者以上都不 无 I like none of the books. 这些书我都不喜欢。 either 两者中的任何一个 两者之一 either...or... 要么…要么… Either you or he is right. 不是你对,就是他对。 【即时小练】 1.Both my deskmate and I ________ ready for the coming speech competition. A.is B.am C.are D.be 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我同桌和我都为即将到来的演讲比赛做好了准备。 is是(be动词单数形式);am是(be动词搭配I);are是(be动词复数形式);be是(be动词原形)。both…and…“两者都”构成复数主语,be动词用are。 2.Kitty and Millie ________ my good friends. We ________ want to be doctors one day. A.are both; both B.both are; both C.both are; all D.are both; all 【答案】D 【详解】句意:Kitty和Millie都是我的好朋友。我们都想有一天成为医生。 both两者都;all三者或三者以上都。both在句中通常位于be动词之后,实义动词之前。第一空主语Kitty and Millie是两个人,be动词用are,所以用are both,排除B、C;第二空We指说话者和前文两人共三人,用all。应填are both;all。 知识点8:Exercise is good for us in many ways. For one thing, it can help build a strong body. For another, it is a good way to rest and relax our minds.(运动在很多方面对我们有好处。一方面,它能帮助我们塑造强壮的身体。另一方面,它是休息和放松大脑的好方法。)(P43) 讲:(1)“be good for” ,表 “对…… 有好处”,其反义词短语是 “be bad for”(对…… 有害); be good短语小结 短语 意义及用法 be good at “擅长……”,be good at sth./doing sth.=do well in sth./doing sth.“擅长某事/做某事”。其反义词组为be weak in sth./be poor at (sth./doing sth.)在某方面/做某事方面差/弱。 be good with “与……相处融洽;善于应付……的”,与get on/along well with同义,后常接表示人的名词或代词。 be good for “对……有好处”,其反义词组为be bad for。 be good to “对……友好”,相当于be friendly/kind to,后接名词或代词。 如: ①He’s good at dealing with pressure. 他善于应对压力。 ②I’m good with my classmates. 我与我的同学关系融洽。 ③It’s probably good for you to make some mistakes. 犯些错误或许对你有好处。 ④He is very good to me. 他对我非常友好。 (2)“in many ways” 是介词短语,表 “在很多方面”,“ways” 此处表 “方面、方式”; (3)“For one thing...For another...” ,表 “一方面…… 另一方面……”,用于列举同一事物的两个不同方面,两个短语后均需接完整句子; 辨析:“For one thing...For another...” 与 “On one hand...On the other hand...” 的区别:前者用于列举同一事物的两个相关方面(多为积极方面);后者可用于列举同一事物的两个对立方面,如 “On one hand, playing phone games is fun; on the other hand, it’s bad for eyes.”(一方面,玩手机游戏很有趣;另一方面,它对眼睛不好。) (4)“help build a strong body” 中,“help (to) do sth.” 是固定搭配,“to” 可省略,“build a strong body” 表 “塑造强壮的身体”。 例句:Reading is good for us in many ways. For one thing, it can help us learn knowledge. For another, it can make us feel relaxed.(阅读在很多方面对我们有好处。一方面,它能帮助我们学习知识。另一方面,它能让我们感到放松。) 【即时小练】 1.Jenny can be a teacher, because she ________ children. A.is good for B.is good with C.is good to D.is good at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:Jenny能成为一个老师,因为她善于和孩子们相处。 考查形容词短语。is good for对……有好处;is good with善于应付;is good to对……好;is good at擅长于。根据“Jenny can be a teacher”可知应是善于和孩子们相处,故选B。 2.She is good ________ talking to children so she can be good ________ them. A.at; with B.at; to C.for; at D.to; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意:她善于和孩子们交谈,这样她就能和他们相处得很好。考查介词。at在……点时;with和……一起;to朝,向;for为了;根据“talking to children”可知,第一空表示“擅长于”,英语表达为be good at,第二空表达的是“与……和睦相处”,英语表达为be good with,故选A。 3.The differences ________ Mexico and Finland are great. These two countries are different ________ each other ________ many ways. A.among; from; in B.between; from; on C.among; with; in D.between; from; in 【答案】D 【详解】句意:墨西哥和芬兰之间的差异很大。这两个国家在很多方面都各不相同。 考查介词的用法。among在……之间,三者或三者以上;between在……之间,在两者之间;from从;in在……方面;with和;on在……上面。根据“Mexico and Finland”可知,此处指在两者之间,between…and“在……和……之间”,be different from“与……不同”,根据“many ways”可知,此处指在许多方面,应用介词in表示“在……方面”,故选D。 4.— I’m feeling down these days. What can I do? — Well, for one thing, you could try talking to a friend. ________, you could keep a diary. A.But also B.On the one hand C.For another D.On the other side 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——这几天我情绪低落。我该怎么办?——嗯,一方面,你可以试着和朋友聊天。另一方面,你可以写日记。考查介词短语辨析。But also而且,常与not only连用,表示“不但……而且……”;On the one hand一方面,常与On the other hand连用,表示“一方面……另一方面……”;For another另一方面,常与For one thing连用,表示“一方面……另一方面……”;On the other side在另一边,通常用于描述空间位置,不用于列举事物。根据语境可知,上文提到了“一方面,你可以试着和朋友聊天”,下文又给出了另一个建议“你可以写日记”,所以此处应该用“For another”来表示“另一方面”。故选C。 5.I don’t think the woman is qualified for this job. For one thing, she didn’t arrive here on time. A.As a result B.What’s more C.As one example D.In a word 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我认为这个女人不适合这份工作。一方面,她没有按时到达这里。 考查短语辨析。As a result结果;What’s more而且;As one example例如,举一个例子;In a word总之。划线部分For one thing,意为“一方面”;此处列举这个女人不适合这份工作的原因,“没有按时到达”是其中一方面,故划线部分与As one example意思相近。故选C。 6.Practising calligraphy helps me ________ more patient and focused. A.became B.become C.becoming D.becomes 【答案】B 【详解】句意:练习书法帮助我变得更加有耐心、专注力更强。 句子表达练字带来的作用,help sb. (to) do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”,此处需要使用动词原形become。 知识点9:When you plan to do exercise, here are some tips for you.(当你计划做运动时,这里有一些给你的建议。) 讲:①“plan to do sth.” 表 “计划做某事”; ②“do exercise” 是固定短语,表 “做运动”,等同于 “do sports”; 例句:When you plan to learn English, here are some tips for you: read more and speak more.(当你计划学英语时,这里有一些给你的建议:多读、多说。) 拓展:“here be” 句型的用法: ① 主语是单数时用 “here is”,如 “Here is a tip for you”; ② 主语是复数时用 “here are”; ③ 若主语是代词,需用正常语序,如 “Here it is”(它在这儿),不可说 “Here is it”。 【即时小练】 1.The students planned ________ a short video about their community. A.make B.making C.to make D.made 【答案】C 【详解】句意:学生们计划制作一个关于他们社区的短视频。 固定搭配“plan to do sth.”,意为“计划做某事”,后接动词不定式作宾语,to make符合语境。 2.—When do you plan ________ the zoo, Mike? —Maybe next Saturday. A.visit B.visiting C.to visit 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——迈克,你计划什么时候去参观动物园?——也许下周六。固定搭配plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”,因此plan后接动词不定式。故选to visit。 3.— Lily, what do you usually do after school?   — I ________ exercise with my friends. A.does B.am doing C.do D.doing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——莉莉,你放学后通常做什么?——我和朋友们一起锻炼。does做(第三人称单数);am doing正在做(现在进行时);do做(动词原形);doing做(现在分词)。根据问句“what do you usually do after school”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语是I,谓语动词用原形。应填do。 4.Here ________ a photo of my family. A.am B.is C.are D.be 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这是一张我家人的照片。分析句子可知,此处是Here引导的倒装句,真正的主语是“a photo”,为第三人称单数,所以be动词应用is。 知识点10: I am never absent from the football matches in my school.(我从不错过学校的足球比赛。) 讲:“be absent from” 是固定短语,表 “缺席……、不在……”,“absent” 是形容词,表 “缺席的、不在场的”,其反义词是 “present”(在场的); 例句:He is never absent from class, so he always gets good grades.(他从不上课缺席,所以总是取得好成绩。) match(n. 比赛;竞赛)同义辨析:match /game/competition 单词 词性 侧重点 例句 match n. 多指正式、对抗性较强的体育比赛,双方对决 a football match 足球比赛We will watch a tennis match. 我们要看一场网球比赛。 game n. 泛指游戏、运动项目;球赛,可指非正式 / 正式;复数 games 可指运动会 play games 玩游戏a basketball game 篮球比赛the Olympic Games 奥运会 competition n. 侧重竞赛、角逐,可以是体育、才艺、演讲等各类比拼,强调竞争 a speaking competition 演讲比赛a swimming competition 游泳竞赛 【即时小练】 1.You must tell your teacher ________ it when you have to be absent ________ class. A.about; for B.with; from C.about; from D.with; for 【答案】C 【详解】句意:当你不得不缺席课程时,你必须告诉你的老师关于这件事。 about关于;with和;from来自;for为了。tell sb. about sth.意为“告诉某人关于某事”;be absent from为固定短语,意为“缺席……”。根据固定搭配可知,第一空应填about,第二空应填from。 2.I wonder if he ________ to the meeting tonight. If he’s absent ________ it, he’ll be punished. A.will come; from B.comes; for C.comes; from D.will come; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我想知道他今晚是否会来开会。如果他缺席,他会受到惩罚。考查宾语从句的时态及介词用法。第一个空,if引导宾语从句,意为“是否”,主句时态为一般现在时,从句需要用相应时态,根据时间状语tonight可知,从句使用一般将来时will come;be absent from为固定搭配,意为“缺席……”。故选A。 知识点11:Let’s talk about food and healthy diet. Fruit and vegetables are healthy. You need to eat them every day.(让我们谈论一下食物和健康饮食吧。水果和蔬菜是健康的。你需要每天吃它们。) 讲:①“Let’s talk about...” 是祈使句,表 “让我们谈论…… 吧”,“Let’s”=“Let us”,后接动词原形; ②“talk about” 是固定短语,表 “谈论……”,后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词。 常见提建议的句型还有如下几种: ①Would you like to do sth.?你想要做某事吗? ②Shall we do sth.?让我们做某事好吗? ③Let’s do sth.!让我们做某事吧! ④You’d better (not) do sth. 你最好(不要)做某事。 ⑤Would/Could you please (not) do sth.?请你(不要)做某事好吗? ⑥Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗? ⑦Why not do sth.?/Why don’t you do sth.? 你为什么不做某事呢? 例句:Let’s talk about healthy habits. We need to sleep early every night.(让我们谈论一下健康习惯吧。我们需要每天晚上早睡。) 【即时小练】 1.—I want to know ________. —Because I keep practicing every day. Hard work really pays off. A.how you succeeded in the match B.why you succeeded in the match C.how did you succeed in the match D.why did you succeed in the match 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我想知道你为什么在比赛中成功了。——因为我每天坚持练习,努力真的有回报。 how you succeeded in the match你怎样在比赛中成功的,陈述语序;why you succeeded in the match你为什么在比赛中成功,陈述句语序;how did you succeed in the match你怎样在比赛中成功的,疑问语序;why did you succeed in the match你为什么在比赛中成功,疑问语序。在宾语从句中,需要使用陈述语序,且答句用Because回答原因,所以提问需要用why,B选项符合。 2.Let ________ help you with your English. I’m good at it. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 【答案】B 【详解】句意:让我帮你学英语吧。我很擅长它。I我(主格);me我(宾格);my我的(形容词性物主代词);mine我的(名词性物主代词)。Let是动词,后接人称代词作宾语,要用宾格形式me。 3.—Let’s go to watch the band show this weekend. —________ A.Good idea! B.You’re welcome. C.That’s right. 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这个周末我们去看乐队表演吧。——好主意!Good idea!好主意;You’re welcome.不客气;That’s right.不错。对方使用Let’s提出建议,应答语通常表示赞同或拒绝。应填Good idea! 知识点12:We both live healthy lifestyles. I enjoy running and playing soccer. My sister prefers swimming and basketball.(我们都过着健康的生活方式。我喜欢跑步和踢足球。我妹妹更喜欢游泳和打篮球。) 讲:①“enjoy doing sth.” ,表 “喜欢做某事”,“enjoy” 后接动名词,不可接不定式(不可说 “enjoy to run”) ②“prefer doing sth.” 表 “更喜欢做某事”,“prefer” 后接动名词或名词,其比较级含义隐含 “与其他事物相比”,如 “prefer swimming”=“like swimming better”。 例句:My parents both live healthy lifestyles. My father enjoys hiking, and my mother prefers yoga.(我父母都过着健康的生活方式。我爸爸喜欢徒步旅行,我妈妈更喜欢瑜伽。) 辨析:“enjoy doing sth.” 与 “prefer doing sth.” 的区别: ①“enjoy” 仅表 “喜欢”,无比较含义; ②“prefer” 表 “更喜欢”,隐含 “与其他选项对比”,还可用于 “prefer A to B”(比起 B 更喜欢 A),如 “She prefers tea to coffee”(比起咖啡,她更喜欢茶)。 【即时小练】 1.My grandma enjoys ________ peanuts in our small backyard every spring. A.grow B.growing C.to grow D.grows 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我的奶奶每年春天喜欢在我们的小后院种花生。   固定搭配“enjoy doing sth.”表示“喜欢做某事”,其后必须接动名词形式,所以应选B“growing”。 2.We should spend more time ________ the fun of school life instead of finishing endless homework. A.enjoy B.enjoying C.to enjoy D.enjoyed 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们应该花更多时间享受校园生活的乐趣,而不是完成没完没了的作业。 固定搭配“spend time doing sth.”花费时间做某事,动词使用动名词形式。 3.I prefer ________ at home to ________ out. A.stay; go B.to stay; go C.staying; going 【答案】C 【详解】句意:比起外出,我更喜欢待在家里。prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 为固定搭配,表示“喜欢做某事胜过做某事”,其中 to 是介词,后接动名词。前后两个空都应用动名词形式。 4.My best friend Alan prefers ________ books rather than play computer games to relax himself in his spare time. A.read B.to read C.reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我最好的朋友 Alan 在空闲时间更喜欢读书而不是玩电脑游戏来放松自己。 根据句中“rather than play”可知,此处考查固定句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.,意为“更喜欢做某事而不愿做另一件事”。 知识点13:Though we choose different sports and food, we both care about being healthy.(虽然我们选择不同的运动和食物,但我们都关心保持健康。) 讲:“Though” 是让步连词,表 “虽然、尽管”,引导让步状语从句,不可与 “but” 同时使用(英语中 “though/although” 与 “but” 不能连用),如不可说 “Though we are tired, but we keep working”; 例句:Though he is busy, he still cares about his family’s health.(虽然他很忙,但他仍然关心家人的健康。) 拓展:“though” 与 “although” 的区别: ① 两者含义相同,可互换; ②“though” 可用于句末,表 “不过、然而”,如 “He is young. He is experienced, though.”(他很年轻,不过很有经验。);“although” 不可用于句末。 choose 如:①Many students choose to get further education at home instead of going abroad. 许多学生选择在国内接受进一步教育,而不是出国。 ②He had no choice but to depend on himself at that moment.当时他别无选择,只能依靠自己。 【即时小练】 1.Reading can help us learn about different cultures ________ we have never been to those places. A.as if B.even though C.so that D.because 【答案】B 【详解】句意:阅读能够帮助我们了解不同的文化,即使我们从未去过那些地方。 as if好像;even though即使;so that以便;because因为。根据前后两句存在让步逻辑关系可知,此处表达 “即使”,应用even though引导让步状语从句。 2.Lots of teenagers choose ________ bad online behaviour when they surf the Internet. A.avoid B.avoiding C.to avoid D.avoided 【答案】C 【详解】句意:许多青少年在上网时选择避免不良的网络行为。 固定搭配choose to do sth.意为“选择做某事”,此处应用动词不定式作宾语。 3.It’s difficult for them to choose ________ to hike because there are many beautiful paths in the mountains. A.what B.where C.when D.how 【答案】B 【详解】句意:对他们来说很难选择去哪里徒步,因为山里有很多漂亮的小路。 what什么;where哪里;when什么时候;how怎样。根据后半句“because there are many beautiful paths in the mountains.”可知,前句是要选择徒步的“地点”,应填where。 4.I choose _______ with my mum this afternoon. She will buy me some new clothes. A.going shopping B.to go shopping C.to going shopping 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我今天下午选择和妈妈一起去购物。她将给我买一些新衣服。 choose后接动词不定式作宾语,构成choose to do sth,意为“选择做某事”,空处用不定式结构to go shopping。 单元语法:常见否定前缀 non‑ /dis‑ /un‑ /mis‑ /in‑ /im‑及need的用法 语法(一):常见否定前缀 non‑ /dis‑ /un‑ /mis‑ /in‑ /im‑ 否定前缀:加在单词前面,把原词意思变成相反、否定,不改变单词词性,大多构成形容词、名词、动词。 一、各个前缀用法 + 例词(课本重点) 1. un‑ 最常用,多用于形容词 / 副词 含义:不……、无…… 原词 加 un 中文 happy 开心的 unhappy 不开心的 fair 公平的 unfair 不公平的 lucky 幸运的 unlucky 不幸的 able 能够的 unable 不能的 usual 平常的 unusual 不寻常的 ✨规律:大多数普通形容词直接加 un 2. dis‑ 多用于动词、形容词、名词 含义:不…;否定;相反动作 原词 加 dis 中文 like 喜欢 dislike 不喜欢(动词) agree 同意 disagree 不同意(动词) honest 诚实的 dishonest 不诚实的(形容词) appear 出现 disappear 消失(动词) ✨重点:dis很多时候表示动作反向 3. mis‑ 表示「错误地、误…」 含义:错误、搞错,大多接动词 / 名词 原词 加 mis 中文 understand 理解 misunderstand 误解 take 拿 mistake 弄错;错误 lead 引导 mislead 误导 hear 听见 mishear 听错 ✨核心:mis侧重「做错、理解错」,不是单纯 “不” 4. in‑ 否定前缀,多用于形容词 含义:不、无 原词 加 in 中文 active 积极的 inactive 不积极的 correct 正确的 incorrect 不正确的 complete 完整的 incomplete 不完整的 5. non 表示「非…,无…」,多接名词、形容词 语气比 in/un弱,客观上 “不是这一类” 原词 加 non 中文 smoker 吸烟者 nonsmoker 不吸烟的人 stop 停止 nonstop 直达的;不停的 violent 暴力的 nonviolent 非暴力的 ✨non 强调类别上 “不属于”,不是感情上反对。 快速区分口诀(考试必背) un‑:普通形容词,“不……” dis‑:动词反向,“不、相反动作” mis‑:做错、搞错,“误……” in‑ / im‑:形容词否定;b/p/m 开头用 im‑ non‑:客观非、无,表类别 易错辨析表格 前缀 核心含义 主要词性 典型例子 un 不(状态否定) adj. unhappy,unfair dis 相反;不 v./adj. disagree,dislike mis 错误地 v. misunderstand,mislead in 不(性质否定) adj. incorrect,inactive im 不(b/p/m 前) adj. impolite,impossible non 非,无(类别) n./adj. nonsmoker,nonstop (二)need的用法(need to do/don't need to do/needn't do) 【考点01】实义动词need的句型结构: (1) 肯定句:“需要做某事” 句型结构:主语+ need (s) + to +动词原形+其他 如:①I need to study for the exam. 我需要为考试学习。  ②She needs to buy a new dress. 她需要买一条新裙子。 (2) 否定句:“不需要做某事” 句型结构:主语+ don’t/doesn’t need + to +动词原形+其他 如:①You don’t need to come early. 你不需要早来。  ②He doesn’t need to work on Sunday. 他周日不需要工作。 (3) 一般疑问句:“需要做某事吗” 句型结构:Do/Does +主语+ need + to +动词原形+其他? 一般疑问句的肯定和否定回答:多用yes或no来回答。 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does. 否定回答:No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t. 如:①Do you need to leave now? 你需要现在离开吗? 肯定回答:Yes, I do. 否定回答: No, I don’t.  ②Does she need to attend the meeting? 她需要参加会议吗? 肯定回答:Yes, she does. 否定回答: No, she doesn’t. (4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+ do/does +主语+ need + to +动词原形+其他? 如:①What do you need to prepare? 你需要准备什么? ②Why does he need to change his plan? 他为什么需要改变计划? 【考点02】情态动词need的句型结构: (1) 肯定句:罕见用法(了解即可)情态动词 need 几乎不用于肯定句,仅在正式文体或谚语中出现,表达“有必要做某事”,可替换为 must/have to。 如:You need come here at 8:00.(正式)= You must come here at 8:00. 你需要8点到这里。 (2) 否定句:“不需要做某事” 句型结构:主语+ needn’t +动词原形+其他 如:①You needn’t worry about it. 你不必担心此事。  ②She needn’t finish the work today. 她今天不必完成工作。 (3)一般疑问句:询问 “是否需要做某事” 句型结构:Need +主语+动词原形+其他? 一般疑问句的肯定和否定回答:多用yes或no来回答。 注意:肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + must.(不用need) 否定回答:No, 主语 + needn’t.= No, 主语 + don’t/doesn’t need to. 如:①Need I call him now? 我需要现在打电话给他吗? 肯定回答:Yes, you must. 否定回答: No, you needn’t.  ②Need they hand the homework today? 他们需要今天上交作业吗? 肯定回答:Yes, they must. 否定回答:No, they needn’t. (4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+ need +主语+动词原形+其他? 如:①Why need she apologize? 她为什么需要道歉?  ②When need we arrive? 我们需要什么时候到达? 【考点03】情态need和情态动词need的句型结构对比: 句型 实义动词 need(need to do) 情态动词 need(need do) 肯定句 主语 + need (s) to do ×(不用于肯定句) 否定句 主语 + don’t/doesn’t need to do 主语 + needn’t do 一般疑问句 Do/Does + 主语 + need to do? Need + 主语 + do? 回答 肯定回答: Yes, 主语 + do/does. 否定回答: No, 主语 + don’t/doesn’t. 肯定回答: Yes, 主语 + must. 否定回答: No, 主语 + needn’t./ No, 主语don’t/doesn’t need to. 【考点04】need to do vs. needn’t do vs. don’t need to do的区别 结构 含义及用法 need to do 实义动词,表示 “必须做某事”(强调客观需求)。 如:I need to study hard. 我必须努力学习。 needn’t do 情态动词否定,表示 “不必做某事”(已有足够条件,无需做)。 如:You needn’t buy gifts. 你不必买礼物。 don’t need to do 实义动词否定,含义同 needn’t do,但更强调 “没有必要”。 如:We don’t need to hurry. 我们没必要赶时间。 一、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.The warm room makes us ________ (困倦的). 【答案】sleepy 【详解】句意:温暖的房间使我们困倦。sleepy困倦的,是形容词,作宾语补足语。故填sleepy。 2.If you have a ________ (均衡的) diet (饮食), you will stay healthy. 【答案】balanced 【详解】句意:如果你有一个均衡的饮食,你就会保持健康。balanced“均衡的”,形容词,作定语修饰其后名词。故填balanced。 3.This ________ (黄瓜) plant is climbing. 【答案】cucumber 【详解】句意:这棵黄瓜爬蔓了。cucumber“黄瓜”,名词。故填cucumber。 4.A good breakfast gives us much ________ (能量) to start a day. 【答案】energy 【详解】句意:一顿丰盛的早餐能给我们充沛的能量开始新的一天。energy“能量”,在动词后作宾语,故填energy。 5.To lose __________ (体重), you should do exercise five times a week. 【答案】weight 【详解】句意:为了减肥,你应该一周锻炼五次。结合汉语提示及“To lose…”可知,此处应用名词weight与之搭配,“lose weight”表示“减肥”。故填weight。 6.Please wait a ________ (片刻). I’m doing homework now. 【答案】moment 【详解】句意:请稍等一下。我现在正在做作业。片刻:moment,“wait a moment”是固定短语,意思是“等一会儿”。故填moment。 7.Four women teachers help us to have this ________ (排球) game. 【答案】volleyball 【详解】句意:四位女老师帮助我们举办这场排球比赛。排球:volleyball,“volleyball game”意思是“排球比赛”。故填volleyball。 8.There is a big ________ (屏幕) at the back of the classroom. 【答案】screen 【详解】句意:教室后面有一个大屏幕。屏幕:screen,a后加可数名词单数。故填screen。 9.Mary is a very ______ (外向的) girl. She likes making friends very much. 【答案】outgoing 【详解】句意:玛丽是个很外向的女孩。她非常喜欢交朋友。outgoing“外向的”,形容词作定语修饰名词girl。故填outgoing。 10.The ________(温度) of the water is just right for swimming. 【答案】temperature 【详解】句意:水温正好适合游泳。“温度”是名词temperature,而句中谓语动词是单数形式,所以主语应为单数,故填temperature。 二、用所给单词适当形式填空 11.I make some fruit salad and __________ (serve) it to my family. 【答案】serve 【详解】句意:我做了一些水果沙拉,端给我的家人吃。serve“服务,端上”,动词。and连接并列成分,前后动词形式一致,所以serve应用动词原形和make一致。故填serve。 12.My favourite sport is ________ (jog). 【答案】jogging 【详解】句意:我最喜欢的运动是慢跑。jog“慢跑”,根据“My favorite sport is ... (jog).”可知,空格处在句中作表语,应使用jogging。故填jogging。 13.I’m so __________ (sleep). I can hardly keep my eyes open. 【答案】sleepy 【详解】句意:我好困。我眼睛都睁不开了。根据“I can hardly keep my eyes open.”说明很困,应用形容词sleepy“困的”作表语。故填sleepy。 14.Li Lei ________ (prefer) bananas to apples when he was a child. 【答案】preferred 【详解】句意:李雷小时候喜欢香蕉而不喜欢苹果。根据“when he was a child”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,描述的是过去发生的动作,应该用动词过去式,prefer的过去式为preferred。故填preferred。 15.I went to bed late to watch the soccer game last night and now I feel very ________ (sleep). 【答案】sleepy 【详解】句意:我昨晚看足球比赛很晚才睡觉,现在我觉得很困。根据“I went to bed late to watch the soccer game last night and now I feel very...”可知,睡得晚,所以很困,sleepy“困倦的”,在句中作表语。故填sleepy。 16.In the singing competition, he didn’t sing so ________ (clear) as Bob. 【答案】clearly 【详解】句意:在歌唱比赛中,他没有鲍勃唱得那么清楚。clear“清晰的”,形容词。not so…as“不如……”,中间接形容词或副词原形,此处用其副词形式clearly,修饰动词sing。故填clearly。 17.It ________ (seem) that you are very hungry. Let’s have lunch at first. 【答案】seems 【详解】句意:你好像很饿。我们先吃午饭吧。seem是动词,似乎,根据语境是一般现在时态,it是第三人称单数,动词变第三人称单数,It seems that+从句,似乎……。故填seems。 18.What a pity! Sue lost the game because the ________ (weigh) of her shoes made it difficult for her to run fast. 【答案】weight 【详解】句意:真遗憾!苏输了比赛,因为她鞋子的重量使她很难跑得快。定冠词the后接名词,weigh对应的名词是weight“重量”,不可数名词,故填weight。 19.The best ____________(medical) for you now would be a good holiday. 【答案】medicine 【详解】句意:现在对你来说最好的药就是一个美好的假期。medical“药的”,是形容词;medicine“药”,是不可数名词;有形容词best修饰,用名词,故填medicine。 20.I have to ________ (hurry) to school because I can’t be late for school. 【答案】hurry 【详解】句意:我必须赶紧去上学,因为我上学不能迟到。根据空前的情态动词“have to”可知,此处用动词原形hurry。故填hurry。 三、单项选择 21.—Must I finish the work today? —No, you ________. You can finish it tomorrow. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我必须今天完成这项工作吗?——不,你没必要。你可以明天完成它。mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;needn’t没必要;shouldn’t不应该。以“Must”开头的一般疑问句,否定回答表示“不必”,常用needn’t或don’t have to,结合后句“你可以明天完成”可知此处指没必要今天做。 22.— I have a ________. I can’t eat anything. — You should see a dentist. A.headache B.toothache C.fever D.cold 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我牙疼,什么都吃不了。——你应该去看牙医。 headache头疼;toothache牙疼;fever发烧;cold感冒。 根据答语“You should see a dentist(你应该看牙医)”可推断,对应的症状是牙疼,且“can’t eat anything(什么都吃不了)”也符合牙疼的表现。 23.—Jennifer was too nervous to express herself clearly in public. —Maybe she should be more ________. A.serious B.polite C.confident D.energetic 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——詹妮弗太紧张了,以至于无法在公共场合清楚地表达自己。——也许她应该更自信些。 考查形容词辨析。serious严肃的;polite礼貌的;confident自信的;energetic精力充沛的。根据“too nervous to express herself clearly”可知,因为紧张而表达不清,所以建议应该是要更自信,C项符合。故选C。 24.The girl is getting well and she doesn’t need ________ the medicine now. A.take B.to take C.taking D.took 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这个女孩正在康复,她现在不需要服用药了。need在此处是实义动词,后接动词不定式作宾语,结构为need to do sth.,意为“需要做某事”。应填to take。 25.Kangkang ________ do the work today. He can hand it in tomorrow. A.needn’t B.need to C.needs D.needn’t to 【答案】A 【详解】句意:康康今天不必做这项工作。他可以明天交。 need作情态动词时,否定形式为needn’t,后接动词原形do;need作实义动词时,否定形式为doesn’t need to do。根据“He can hand it in tomorrow.”可知今天不必做这项工作,应填needn’t。 26.Seafood may seem to ________ with some people. A.agree B.disagree C.nonagree D.unagree 【答案】A 【详解】句意:海鲜似乎适合某些人。agree同意,适合;disagree不同意,不适合;nonagree无此词;unagree无此词。固定搭配agree with sb.意为“(食物、气候等)适合某人”。C、D选项构词错误,句中无否定语境暗示不适合,因此选A。 27.After a good sleep, you will be full ________ energy. A.with B.of C.for D.at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:睡个好觉后,你将充满能量。with和;of……的;for为了;at在。be full of是固定搭配,意为“充满……”,根据句意可知睡醒后充满能量,应填of。 28.Talking to ourselves is a useful way ________ through difficult moments. A.get B.to get C.getting D.got 【答案】B 【详解】句意:自我对话是一种挺过艰难时刻的有效方式。 根据固定搭配“a way to do sth.”(做某事的方法)可知,此处需要用不定式作后置定语修饰名词way,应填to get。 29.Lisa ________ playing the piano. She won first prize in the music competition last month. A.is good for B.is good to C.is good at D.is good with 【答案】C 【详解】句意:丽萨擅长弹钢琴。她上个月在音乐比赛中获得了一等奖。is good for对……有好处;is good to对……和善/友好;is good at擅长……;is good with与……相处得好/善于处理……。根据空后的“playing the piano”以及后半句“She won first prize in the music competition last month.”可知,此处要表达的是丽萨在弹钢琴这门技能上做得非常出色、非常擅长。be good at为固定短语,意为“擅长……”,后接名词、代词或动名词。 30.He ________ swim in the pool ________ run outside in summer. A.prefers to; rather than B.prefers; rather than C.prefers doing; than D.prefer to; than 【答案】A 【详解】句意:夏天他宁愿在泳池里游泳,也不愿在户外跑步。 prefer to do A rather than do B,意为“更喜欢/宁愿做A而不愿做B”,prefer doing A to doing B,意为“比起做B更喜欢做A”。“swim”和“run”均为动词原形,且主语“He”是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,用prefers to...rather than结构。 四、完形填空 阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Many people like to eat junk food. 31 it tastes good, it is not healthy. Too much junk food can 32 stomachaches, headaches, and even toothaches. One day, Li Xiang felt very sick. He had a 33 . His mother took him to the hospital. The doctor 34 him and asked about his lunch. Li Xiang said he had hamburgers, chips, and iced Coke. The doctor said, “You ate 35 much junk food. It is not healthy at 36 . You need to stop eating it.” The doctor gave him some 37 and told him to rest in bed. Li Xiang promised to change his 38 . He would eat more vegetables and fruit. He 39 exercise more. He learned that health is 40 than anything else. 31.A.Because B.Although C.If D.Unless 32.A.cause B.cure C.treat D.prevent 33.A.headache B.fever C.stomachache D.toothache 34.A.examined B.created C.designed D.imagined 35.A.too B.very C.so D.quite 36.A.last B.least C.most D.all 37.A.pills B.apples C.books D.toys 38.A.habits B.hobbies C.lessons D.subjects 39.A.would B.could C.should D.might 40.A.important B.more important C.most important D.the most important 【答案】 31.B 32.A 33.C 34.A 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.A 39.A 40.B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述李湘因吃太多垃圾食品生病就医,医生建议他改变饮食习惯,使他认识到健康最重要的故事。 【详解】31.句意:虽然它味道好,但它不健康。 前后句意存在让步关系,tastes good与not healthy形成对比,用Although“虽然”引导让步状语从句。Because表原因,If/Unless表条件,均不符合语法要求。 32.句意:太多垃圾食品会导致胃痛、头痛甚至牙痛。 根据常识及上下文,垃圾食品有害健康,会引起疾病,cause“引起,导致”符合语境,cure“治愈”,treat“治疗”,prevent“预防”,与句意逻辑相反。 33.句意:他胃痛。 根据下文“Li Xiang said he had hamburgers, chips, and iced Coke.”,可推断是胃痛,stomachache符合语境,headache“头痛”,fever“发烧”,toothache“牙痛”,均不符合语境。 34.句意:医生检查了他并询问了午餐情况。 医生对病人的常规动作是检查,examined“检查”符合语境,created“创造”,designed“设计”,imagined“想象”不符合医生职业行为。 35.句意:你吃了太多垃圾食品。 结合上文“Li Xiang said he had hamburgers, chips, and iced Coke.”和“much junk food”可知,医生得知他吃的东西以后对此进行了评价,too much表示“太多”,含负面意味,即:数量超出合适限度,会带来不好的后果,符合医生批评语境。very“非常”,so“如此”,quite“相当”,搭配不当或语气不符。 36.句意:它一点也不健康。 not at all为固定搭配,意为“根本不”。at last/at least/at most代入语意不通。 37.句意:医生给了他一些药丸并让他卧床休息。 生病就医时,医生通常开药,pills“药丸”符合语境,apples“苹果”,books“书”,toys“玩具”,不符合语境。 38.句意:李湘承诺改变他的习惯。 结合下文“He would eat more vegetables and fruit.”可知,饮食属于生活习惯,habits符合语境,hobbies“爱好”,lessons“课程”,subjects“科目”,与饮食健康无关。 39.句意:他将会更多地锻炼。 根据前句“He would eat...”可知,此处保持时态一致,表示在过去介绍将来的计划,would符合语境,could“能够”,should“应该”,might“也许”,语意不符。 40.句意:他学到健康比其他任何事都更重要。 句中“than”提示用比较级,more important符合语法,important是原级,most important/the most important是最高级,均不符合此处语法要求。 五、语法选择 请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 A new snack called milk skin “tanghulu” has become very popular online, 41 it has brought some problems. 42 Wednesday, this topic became a hot search after some early fans said they had skin (皮肤) problems. A lady shared that she loved this sweet snack so much that she bought several sticks every day after work. After eating it often, her face 43 worse. A doctor said she had skin problems because she ate too much sugar for 44 long time. Dr. Jin, a doctor in Nanjing, said that eating too much sugar is 45 for the skin—it makes the skin look old and dark. It is also 46 for health. 47 less influence on the body, Dr. Jin advises eating less sugar, salt and fat, especially sugar and oil. To make a milk skin “tanghulu”, first mix traditional “tanghulu” 48 soft milk skin (like thick cream) and then cover them with hard sugar. 49 special taste makes it a favorite among young people. But experts say 50 the snack is delicious, eating too much is bad. They suggest eating it no more than twice a week. 41.A.but B.and C.so 42.A.In B.At C.On 43.A.got B.get C.gets 44.A.the B.a C.an 45.A.worse B.worst C.bad 46.A.danger B.dangerous C.dangers 47.A.To have B.Have C.Having 48.A.and B.with C.to 49.A.Its B.It’s C.It 50.A.so B.because C.although 【答案】 41.A 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.C 46.B 47.A 48.B 49.A 50.C 【导语】本文讲述了一种叫奶皮“糖葫芦”的新零食在网上很受欢迎,但是它也带来了一些问题。周三,在一些早期粉丝表示自己出现皮肤问题后,该话题成为热搜。 【详解】41.句意:一种叫奶皮“糖葫芦”的新零食在网上很受欢迎,但是它也带来了一些问题。 but但是;and和;so所以。根据“A new snack called milk skin ‘tanghulu’ has become very popular online...it has brought some problems.”可知,前后句是转折关系,用but连接。故选A。 42.句意:周三,在一些早期粉丝表示自己出现皮肤问题后,该话题成为热搜。 In在某年某月某季节;At在某时刻;On在具体某一天。根据“Wednesday”可知,在周三用介词On。故选C。 43.句意:经常吃后,她的脸变得更糟了。 got变得,过去式;get变得,动词原形;gets变得,动词三单。根据“After eating it often”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选A。 44.句意:一位医生说她有皮肤问题,因为她长时间吃了太多糖。 the定冠词,表特指;a不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的单词前。根据“for...long time”可知,此处表泛指,且long以辅音音素开头,应用a。故选B。 45.句意:南京的医生金医生说,吃太多糖对皮肤不好——它会使皮肤看起来又老又黑。 worse更差的;worst最差的;bad差的。根据“is...for the skin”可知,此处是be bad for“对……有坏处”,固定短语。故选C。 46.句意:它也会危害健康。 danger危险,名词;dangerous危险的,形容词;dangers危险,名词复数。根据“is”可知,此处应用形容词作表语。故选B。 47.句意:为了减少对身体的影响,金医生建议少吃糖、盐和脂肪,尤其是糖和油。 To have吃,动词不定式;Have吃,动词原形;Having吃,动名词。根据“...less influence on the body”可知,此处表目的,应用动词不定式。故选A。 48.句意:制作奶皮“糖葫芦”,首先将传统“糖葫芦”与软奶皮(如浓奶油)混合,然后用硬糖覆盖。 and和;with和;to到。根据“mix traditional ‘tanghulu’...soft milk skin”可知,此处是mix...with...“把……和……混合”,固定短语。故选B。 49.句意:它的特殊味道使它成为年轻人的最爱。 Its它的,形容词性物主代词;It’s它是;It它。根据“...special taste”可知,此处指它的特殊味道,应用形容词性物主代词Its修饰名词。故选A。 50.句意:但是专家表示,虽然这种零食很美味,但吃太多是不好的。 so所以;because因为;although虽然。根据“...the snack is delicious, eating too much is bad.”可知,前后句是让步关系,应用although引导让步状语从句。故选C。 六、短文填空 阅读短文,在空格处填入1个合适单词,或用括号内单词正确形式填空 The three fu days come in hot summer. The weather is very hot, so many people love 51 (eat) ice cream and drinking iced juice. But this is a bad habit. It is 52 (real) bad for our stomachs. Cold food changes the temperature of our stomachs quickly. It 53 (bring) stomach pain easily. Lots of students 54 (have) this bad habit in the past. They did not know the danger. Now our teachers tell us 55 (keep) away from too much cold food. We can drink warm water 56 hot weather. Fresh fruit is also a good choice. It is important 57 us to keep healthy eating habits. We need small ways 58 (protect) our stomachs. When we stay away from iced food, we can enjoy summer 59 (easy). This good habit can stop us 60 getting stomach problems. 【答案】 51.eating 52.really 53.brings 54.had 55.to keep 56.in 57.for 58.to protect 59.easily 60.from 【导语】本文介绍三伏天贪吃冷饮的危害,倡导大家养成健康的饮食习惯,保护肠胃。 【详解】51.句意:天气十分炎热,所以很多人喜爱吃冰淇淋、喝冰果汁。并列结构“and drinking”提示空格使用动名词;love doing sth.表示“喜爱做某事”,eat的动名词形式为eating。 52.句意:这对我们的胃确实不好。空格修饰形容词bad,需要使用副词;real“真实的” 对应的副词形式是really。 53.句意:冷食容易引发胃痛。本句为一般现在时,主语It是第三人称单数,谓语动词bring需要变为brings。 54.句意:很多学生过去有这个坏习惯。时间短语in the past表示“在过去”,提示句子使用一般过去时,have的过去式为had。 55.句意:现在老师们告诉我们要远离过多的冷食。固定搭配tell sb. to do sth.,表示“告诉某人去做某事”,不定式作宾语补足语。 56.句意:天气炎热的时候我们可以喝温水。固定搭配in hot weather,表示“在炎热的天气里”,用于描述天气状况,介词用in。 57.句意:保持健康的饮食习惯对我们来说很重要。固定句型It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.,表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”,介词用for。 58.句意:我们需要一些简单的方法来保护我们的胃。此处不定式作后置定语,用来修饰ways,表示“用来保护胃部的方法”。 59.句意:当我们远离冰食,我们就能轻松享受夏天。空格修饰动词enjoy,需要使用副词;easy“容易的”对应的副词形式是easily。 60.句意:这个好习惯能让我们避免患上肠胃疾病。固定搭配stop sb. from doing sth.,表示“阻止某人免受……”,介词用from。 七、选词填空 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 for  benefit  comfortable  keep  they  succeed  away  to  through  medicine The tradition of drinking hot water dates back to about 4,000 years ago in China. Sometimes, hot water is like magic 61 for Chinese. When you feel a little 62 , your friends or family members may advise you to drink some hot water. In 63 opinion, hot water is useful for some illnesses. In old days, hot water also helped people get 64 a lot of difficult moments. By boiling (煮沸) water to make drinking water safe, a lot of people 65 in preventing (预防) diseases and stopping them from spreading (传播). Hot water also helped poor people 66 warm in cold winters. According 67 Chinese culture, drinking hot water can provide “yang” energy. The energy is very good 68 our health. It can keep our body running well and help us stay 69 from illnesses. With all these 70 , hot water is always popular among Chinese people. Do you like drinking hot water? 【答案】 61.medicine 62.uncomfortable 63.their 64.through 65.succeeded 66.keep 67.to 68.for 69.away 70.benefits 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国人喝热水的悠久传统及其背后的原因。文章阐述了喝热水对健康的益处,如预防疾病、保暖以及提供“阳气”等,解释了为何这一习惯在中国人中如此流行。 【详解】61.句意:有时候,热水对中国人来说就像魔法药一样。根据语境和常识,热水常被比作一种能治百病的“良药”。方框中的单词medicine符合语境。此处作表语,且表示泛指概念,用单数形式即可。 62.句意:当你感觉有点不舒服时,你的朋友或家人可能会建议你喝点热水。空格位于系动词feel之后,需要填入一个形容词作表语。结合后文建议喝热水的情境,可知是身体“不舒服”的时候。方框中的comfortable需加上否定前缀un-变为uncomfortable。 63.句意:在他们看来,热水对一些疾病很有用。固定短语in one’s opinion。根据上文提到的friends or family members,此处指代复数第三人称,故需将方框中的they变为形容词性物主代词their。 64.句意:在过去,热水也帮助人们度过了许多艰难时刻。固定短语get through,帮助人们克服困难时期,方框中有through,符合搭配。 65.句意:通过煮沸水使饮用水安全,许多人成功预防了疾病并阻止了它们的传播。句子缺少谓语动词。根据“许多人……预防了疾病”,可知是“成功做到”某事。方框中的succeed符合语境。根据上下文,文章主要讲述过去的事情,故使用一般过去时succeeded。 66.句意:热水也帮助穷人在寒冷的冬天保持温暖。固定搭配keep warm。句型结构为help sb. (to) do sth.,此处填动词原形。方框中的keep符合语境。 67.句意:根据中国文化,喝热水可以提供“阳”气。固定短语according to,方框中有to,符合搭配。 68.句意:这种能量对我们的健康非常有益。固定短语be good for。句意指热水产生的能量对健康有好处,方框中有for,符合搭配。 69.句意:它能保持我们的身体运转良好,并帮助我们远离疾病。固定短语stay away from,指喝热水能让人不生病,方框中有away,符合搭配。 70.句意:有了所有这些好处,热水在中国人中一直很受欢迎。空格前有all these,修饰可数名词复数。根据语境,指代前文提到的各种优点,方框中的benefit需变为复数形式benefits。 八、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景,在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。 (Bob is now at Doctor Li’s office) Doctor: Hello, 71 ? Bob: I have a stomachache and I feel sick. D: 72 ? B: About two hours ago just after lunch. D: 73 ? B: Well, I had two hamburgers and some ice cream. D: You ate too much junk food. It’s not healthy. B: I see. 74 ? D: You need to take a rest and take some pills. B: 75 . D: You are welcome. Remember to eat healthy food. B: Sure. 【答案】 71. What’s wrong with you/What’s the matter with you 72. When did it start/When did you feel the ache 73. What did you eat/What did you have for lunch 74. What should I do then 75.Thank you very much/OK, I will. Thanks a lot 【导语】本文是一段医患对话,讲述 Bob 因午餐吃太多垃圾食品胃痛就医,医生询问发病时间与饮食后给出休息、服药的医嘱,并叮嘱他健康饮食。 【详解】71. 根据答语“I have a stomachache and I feel sick.”可知,医生是在询问病情。常用句型为“What’s wrong with you?”或“What’s the matter with you?”。 72.根据答语“About two hours ago...”可知,回答的是时间,因此医生是在询问症状开始的时间,“When did it start?”或“When did you feel the ache?”提问症状起始时间。 73.根据答语“I had two hamburgers and some ice cream.”可知,医生是在询问病人吃了什么食物,“What did you eat?”或“What did you have for lunch?”贴合答句。 74.根据答语“You need to take a rest and take some pills.”可知,这是医生给出的建议,因此Bob是在询问自己该怎么做,“What should I do then?”衔接下文医嘱。 75.医生答句“You are welcome.”,前文需使用感谢用语“Thank you very much.”或“OK, I will. Thanks a lot.” 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 1 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind(复习讲义)英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册
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