Unit 3 The Art of Painting 培优提能练（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本讲义聚焦高中英语培优提能，涵盖主题语篇阅读（细节理解、推理判断等）、七选五（逻辑衔接）、完形填空（语境词汇）及语法填空（语法规则）核心题型，搭建从语篇理解到语言运用的学习支架，助力学生系统提升综合语言能力。 资料特色鲜明，选材融合敦煌文化传承、考拉生态保护、《蒙娜丽莎》艺术历史等主题，渗透文化意识培养。题目设计注重推理分析与逻辑思维，如语篇阅读的代词指代题、七选五的衔接词运用，提升思维品质。题型多样且解析详尽，课中辅助教师分层教学，课后帮助学生自主查漏补缺，强化学习效果。

作业6　培优提能练 [分值：62.5分] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2024·安徽高二上期中) It’s a race against time，as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves，a UNESCO World Heritage Site，despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind. The team is dedicated to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site，the construction of which spans about a thousand years，from the 4th century to the 14th century.The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road.“Our work，repairing murals and painted sculptures，is to better preserve the caves，which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness(包容) to the world and inspires modern people，” says Su Bomin，director of the Dunhuang Academy. Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking(剥落)，as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves，and the deposition of salts.To restore(修复) a mural requires an all-rounder.Restorers must understand painting，possess masonry(石造) skills，and have chemistry and physics knowledge to identify problems，causes，and solutions.They select materials and tools，experiment，restore，and evaluate the results. The restoration(修复) should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo(原状) of the murals rather than repainting them.When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away，they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration.“Cultural relics are witnesses of history，” explains Su.“When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损的) look for artistic reasons，you will lose their key meaning.” Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems.“It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves，over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes，” Su says.But at least，they can keep the existing look of the murals for as long as possible. 1．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2? A．To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals. B．To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road. C．To stress the significance of the restoration work. D．To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段尤其是最后一句可知，该团队致力于保护莫高窟，他们的修复工作弘扬了敦煌伟大的“包容”精神，并激励着现代人。由此推知，本段的目的在于强调修复工作的重要性。故选C。 2．Which of the following best describes the restoration work? A．Creative. B．Well-paid. C．Interesting. D．Demanding. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“To restore(修复) a mural requires an all-rounder.Restorers must understand painting...”可知，修复壁画需要全能型选手。由此推知，修复工作要求很高。故选D。 3．What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4? A．Spotting the faded murals in time. B．Fixing the missing parts of murals. C．Making preservation of the murals as they are. D．Repainting to perfect the appearance of murals. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“The restoration(修复) should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo(原状) of the murals rather than repainting them.”可知，修复工作应尊重原作，注重保持壁画的原状。故选C。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings B．The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves C．The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation D．The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。文章第一段提出保护莫高窟文化的话题，第二段至第四段主要讲述壁画修复工作及其意义，最后一段提到洞穴保护可以尽可能长时间地保持壁画的现有外观。由此可知，本文主要围绕着敦煌莫高窟的壁画修复工作展开。由此可知，“莫高窟壁画修复”适合作本文标题。故选B。 B (2024·江苏徐州高二上期中) For many years，school children in the US have been taken on “field trips” to cultural institutions such as art museums.Educators arrange them in the belief that schools exist not only to teach economically useful skills，but also to produce civilized young people who appreciate art and culture.While there are parents who will take their children to cultural places in their free time，there are plenty of other children who will never have this kind of opportunity unless schools offer it.So you could say that taking school students on field trips is a means of giving everyone equal access to their cultural heritage. However，the attitude towards field trips in recent years is changing，with the number of tours organized for school groups falling significantly in museums all around the country.The most obvious reason is the issue of finance.Because there are increasing demands on their funds (after all，computers and sports facilities aren’t cheap) schools are forced to make a difficult choice about how to spend the limited money they have.Faced with this dilemma，field trips are an obvious thing to cut since they are seen by many as a luxury. Additionally，the nature of these field days is also changing.Schools increasingly use trips to amusement parks or sporting events as a treat for students rather than an opportunity for cultural learning.This shift could have a basis in generational differences between teachers’ reasons for organizing days out of school.Recent survey conducted among 500 Arkansas teachers showed that older teachers were significantly more likely to take the primary purpose of a field trip as a learning experience than younger teachers，who view it as fun. Some evidence shows the trend of fewer trips may have a negative effect on children’s development.Research led by Jay Greene at Arkansas University found that students who received a tour of an art museum greatly improved their knowledge of art and the ability to think critically about art.They also displayed stronger historical interest and were more likely to visit cultural places in the future.The researchers warn that if schools cut field trips or switch to less educational destinations，valuable opportunities to broaden and enrich children’s learning experiences are lost. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了近年来美国的学校团体组织参观博物馆的次数明显减少，并分析了这种现象产生的原因。 5．What is the initial purpose of field trips to cultural institutions? A．To teach students useful skills in economics. B．To educate students to preserve cultural heritage. C．To encourage parents to take their children there. D．To make every student exposed to art and culture. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“So you could say that taking school students on field trips is a means of giving everyone equal access to their cultural heritage.”可知，参观文化机构的初衷是让每个学生都能接触到艺术和文化，故选D。 6．Which factor most probably leads to the trend of fewer field trips? A．The drop in school funds. B．Students’ demand for fun. C．Teachers’ generational differences. D．The dilemma of school finance. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The most obvious reason is the issue of finance.Because there are increasing demands on their funds...Faced with this dilemma，field trips are an obvious thing to cut since they are seen by many as a luxury.”可知，学校资金分配的两难困境最有可能导致实地考察活动减少，故选D。 7．What does the underlined phrase “This shift” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The switch from old generations to young generations. B．The change from an opportunity to learn to a treat to entertain. C．The switch from sporting events to cultural experiences. D．The change from educational destinations to luxurious attractions. 答案　B 解析　代词指代题。根据画线短语前的“Schools increasingly use trips to amusement parks or sporting events as a treat for students rather than an opportunity for cultural learning.”可知，学校越来越用去游乐园或体育赛事的旅行让学生开心，而不再将旅行作为文化学习的机会。This shift指的就是学校旅行从一个学习的机会变成一种娱乐，故选B。 8．What can be inferred about field trips from the research by Jay Greene? A．Students are rewarded with more cultural awareness. B．Cutting field trips is critical to the future of the museum. C．Field trips guarantee better future academic performance. D．Amusement parks enrich children’s learning experiences. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Research led by Jay Greene...who received a tour of an art museum greatly improved their knowledge...more likely to visit cultural places in the future.”可知，从杰伊·格林的研究中可以推断出通过实地考察，学生获得了更多的文化意识，故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams? We often put off our dreams，trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait? 1 You don’t have to take a huge，life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now. 2 If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets.You’re always going to wonder how your life would have turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self. It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field. 3 Embrace a mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach. At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4 It’s what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push? Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5 Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown. A．Ask yourself what would be worse. B．Starting small is completely acceptable. C．New opportunities may lead to personal growth. D．Only you can help yourself go after your dreams. E．If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts. F．You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply. G．Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 1．答案　B 解析　根据上文“But why wait？”可知，追求梦想不应该等待。结合下文，你不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，你可以一步一步走向更光明的未来。故本句是在建议从小的地方开始。B选项(从小事做起是完全可以接受的)承上启下，故选B。 2．答案　D 解析　设空处位于句首，根据下文“If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets...Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。D选项(只有你能帮自己追求梦想)能概括本段主旨，故选D。 3．答案　G 解析　根据上文可知，不管你多大年龄，也不管多少人警告过你永远不会成功，这都不重要。即使是最成功的人，也曾对自己能否在自己的领域取得成功产生过怀疑。结合下文“a mindset of determination”可知，要拥有坚定的心态。G选项(尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的)切题，选项中的“wave off the doubts”与上文“hesitations”相呼应，语意连贯，故选G。 4．答案　F 解析　根据上文可知，不要让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，所以空格处应描述要克服恐惧，勇往直前。F选项(你需要自信地勇往直前，全面而深入地发掘自己的能力)符合语境，选项中的“move forward confidently”与上文中的“fear”形成对比。故选F。 5．答案　E 解析　根据上文可知，在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间要取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，故应说明这么做的结果。E选项(如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变)承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) (2024·河北石家市高二上期末) I was walking through the bush when，suddenly，a baby koala rushed to me through the sky.Through quick thinking，I managed to catch it in my 1 .“Oh Doodah，are you 2 to see me today？” I asked the koala.Doodah，a baby koala，was just one of the many koalas that had come into my 3 .And while I might be his favourite person，I loved all of these animals 4 . Ever since I was a girl，I’ve loved animals and at 18 I started working at the Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary as a 5 collector.Selecting leaves for the koalas brought me so much joy as the koalas 6 them for food.Through hard work and 7 ，I eventually became a koala specialist，which saw me working in China，where I 8 in koala-breeding programs. My son，Jett，has always been with koalas and comes out 9 them with me.But we’ve both become concerned over the 10 of our beloved koalas.I knew the best way to stop them from dying out was to 11 the young like my son because the future really is theirs.So I wrote a children’s book Have You Seen a Tree for Me？，which I hope will help them understand we’ve got to 12 our beloved wildlife. There are lots of 13 things kids can do to start helping now：keep dogs and cats locked away from wildlife，plant a tree that will encourage native animals to visit and 14 your family to drive slowly in wildlife habitats and areas.That might only sound 15 ，but if we all do this，it can make a big difference. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者一直负责照顾考拉，她通过努力工作和学习，成为一名考拉专家。作者因为担心考拉的未来，所以写书并呼吁人们保护野生动物。 1．A.arms B．legs C．clothes D．gloves 答案　A 解析　根据上文“I was walking through the bush when，suddenly，a baby koala rushed to me through the sky.”可知，考拉从天而降，冲向作者，故推知作者用双臂接住考拉。故选A。 2．A.curious B．responsible C．excited D．unwilling 答案　C 解析　curious好奇的；responsible有责任的；excited激动的，兴奋的；unwilling不愿意的。根据上文“I was walking through the bush when，suddenly，a baby koala rushed to me through the sky.”可知，考拉从天而降，冲向作者，故推知考拉见到作者很兴奋，故选C。 3．A.exchange B．care C．lecture D．power 答案　B 解析　exchange交流，交换；care照顾；lecture讲座；power能力。根据下文“Ever since I was a girl，I’ve loved animals...Selecting leaves for the koalas brought me so much joy as the koalas them for food.”可知，作者很喜欢考拉，并为考拉挑选树叶。故推知作者的工作是照顾考拉，故选B。 4．A.officially B．properly C．recently D．equally 答案　D 解析　officially正式地；properly正确地；recently最近；equally同样地。根据下文“Ever since I was a girl，I’ve loved animals...”可知，作者喜欢所有动物，再根据本句中while表“虽然”可推知，作者对待所有动物都是怀有平等的、一样的喜爱。故选D。 5．A.wood B．rubbish C．leaf D．water 答案　C 解析　wood木头；rubbish垃圾；leaf叶子；water水。根据下文“Selecting leaves for the koalas brought me so much joy as the koalas them for food.”可知，作者的主要工作是为考拉挑选树叶，故选C。 6．A.broke down B．depended on C．came across D．concentrated on 答案　B 解析　break down出故障；depend on依靠；come across偶遇；concentrate on集中精力于。根据上文可知，作者负责为考拉挑选树叶，给考拉喂食。故推知考拉以树叶为食。故选B。 7．A.study B．confidence C．debate D．arrangement 答案　A 解析　study学习，研究；confidence自信；debate辩论；arrangement安排。根据上文“Through hard work”及下文“I eventually became a koala specialist”可知，作者为了成为考拉专家，付出了很多努力。故推知作者很努力地工作和学习。故选A。 8．A.checked B．typed C．registered D．joined 答案　D 解析　check检查；type打字；register登记；join加入，参加。根据上文“I eventually became a koala specialist”可知，作者在饲养考拉方面非常专业。故推知作者以专家的身份加入了考拉饲养计划，故选D。 9．A.naming B．impressing C．feeding D．catching 答案　C 解析　name命名；impress给……留下印象；feed喂；catch抓。根据上文“My son，Jett，has always been with koalas”及下文“But we’ve both become concerned over the of our beloved koalas.”可知，作者的儿子很喜欢考拉，故推知儿子愿意照顾考拉，给考拉喂食。故选C。 10．A.health B．future C．food D．return 答案　B 解析　health健康；future将来；food食物；return归还，收益。根据下文“So I wrote a children’s book...which I hope will help them understand we’ve got to our beloved wildlife.”可知，作者号召孩子们保护野生动物，故推知作者怕年轻一代不知道保护野生动物，所以担心考拉的未来。下文the future也是提示。故选B。 11．A.educate B．understand C．direct D．trust 答案　A 解析　educate教育；understand明白；direct指导；trust相信。根据下文“So I wrote a children’s book...which I hope will help them understand we’ve got to our beloved wildlife.”可知，作者写儿童读物的目的是教育孩子们保护野生动物。故选A。 12．A.control B．protect C．hide D．recognize 答案　B 解析　control控制；protect保护；hide隐藏；recognize认出。根据下文“keep dogs and cats locked away from wildlife，plant a tree that will encourage native animals to visit and your family to drive slowly in wildlife habitats and areas”可知，此处描述的是孩子们保护野生动物的方法，故推知作者鼓励孩子们保护野生动物，故选B。 13．A.secret B．big C．interesting D．simple 答案　D 解析　secret秘密的；big大的；interesting有趣的；simple简单的。根据下文“keep dogs and cats locked away from wildlife，plant a tree that will encourage native animals to visit and your family to drive slowly in wildlife habitats and areas”可知，此处列举出的几种行为在我们生活中都是很简单的保护野生动物的方法，故选D。 14．A.allow B．force C．ask D．train 答案　C 解析　allow允许；force强迫；ask要求；train训练。根据上文可知，此处介绍孩子们保护野生动物的方法，故推知应当要求家人在野生动物栖息地缓慢行驶，故选C。 15．A.small B．confusing C．natural D．difficult 答案　A 解析　small小的，微弱的；confusing令人困惑的；natural自然的；difficult困难的。根据本段内容可知，拴住猫和狗、种树和在野生动物栖息地缓慢行驶，这些行为在我们生活中都是很小的事，故选A。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔高二上期末) A young woman without eyebrows is seated in front of a beautiful landscape.Does this sound familiar 1. you? This is one of the most famous works 2. (paint) by Leonardo da Vinci.Different theories 3. (produce) about her identity in the past hundreds of years.Many art and history buffs thought that it was a portrait of da Vinci himself，but as a woman.Some thought it was not any particular person,4. the ideal of a woman.They say this is 5. she was painted with no eyebrows.This gave her face a more unearthly look.However,6. thought that it was a portrait of an actual woman of the time，the wife of Francesco del Giocondo.In 2005，historian Armin Schlechter of Heidelberg discovered the answer.While 7. (look) through an old manuscript，he found a small note.In this，the woman in Mona Lisa was 8. (positive) identified as Lisa del Giocondo.The artist had been paid 9. (draw) her portrait after the birth of her second child.“Mona”，in fact，means “madam” in Italian.As for her mysterious look? 10.________ (historian) say women of that time liked to remove their eyebrows.Apparently，they thought eyebrows were not attractive. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了达·芬奇的名画《蒙娜丽莎》中的人物的身份之谜。 1．答案　to 解析　考查介词。固定短语be familiar to意为“为……所熟悉”，符合句意。故填to。 2．答案　painted 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语“the most famous works”和动词“paint”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填painted。 3．答案　have been produced 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为本句的谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the past hundreds of years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“Different theories”，助动词应用have，主语和动词“produce”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填have been produced。 4．答案　but 解析　考查连词。固定搭配not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，符合句意。故填but。 5．答案　why 解析　考查表语从句。根据上文“the ideal of a woman”以及下文的“This gave her face a more unearthly look.”可知，因为画的不是真实的女性，所以达·芬奇没有给她画眉毛，以此令她的形象更有不真实感，即这是她没有被画眉毛的原因。空处为表语从句的引导词，表语从句中缺少原因状语，应用why引导。故填why。 6．答案　others 解析　考查代词。根据上文的“Some thought...”以及此处“ thought that...”可知，前后列举两种不同的观点，空处应为“others”，构成固定搭配：some...others...，意为“一些人……，另一些人……”。故填others。 7．答案　looking 解析　考查状语从句的省略。状语从句的完整形式为“While he was looking...”，从句主语“he”与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词，可省略从句的主语和be动词。故填looking。 8．答案　positively 解析　考查副词。修饰动词“identified”应用副词形式作状语。故填positively。 9．答案　to draw 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to draw。 10．答案　Historians 解析　考查名词的数。historian为可数名词，根据谓语动词“say”可知，空处为名词的复数形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Historians。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $