Unit 1 Food Matters 培优提能练（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本高中英语讲义以“培优提能”为核心，涵盖主题语篇阅读（新加坡废水处理、人工甜味剂）、七选五（池塘生态）、完形填空（“老鼠村”故事）及语法填空（世界茶日与中国茶），构建从阅读理解到语言运用的学习支架，系统训练细节理解、推理判断等技能。 资料亮点在于选材贴近现实与文化，如废水处理体现环保科技，中国茶彰显文化自信，培养学生文化意识与思维品质。题型多样且解析详尽，课中助力教师分层教学，课后便于学生自主查漏补缺，提升语言能力与学习效率。

作业6　培优提能练 [分值：62.5分] Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A The government of Singapore has created a highly developed system that turns wastewater into drinking water.The system involves a network of tunnels and high technology treatment centers. The system helps reduce ocean pollution，as only a small amount of the treated water is sent into the sea.The United Nations estimates that 80 percent of the world’s wastewater flows back into the oceans without being treated or reused. Singapore has few natural water sources.The island nation has long had to depend mostly on supplies from neighboring Malaysia. Low Pei Chin，an expert，told reporters，“Singapore lacks natural resources，and it is limited in space，which is why we are always looking for ways to explore water sources and stretch our water supply.One major plan is to collect every drop and reuse endlessly.” Parts of the water treatment center are underground.Wastewater enters the center through a 48-kilometer tunnel that is linked to sewers.The center contains a large system of steel pipes，tubes，tanks，cleaning systems and other machinery.It can treat up to 900 million liters of wastewater a day. In one building，a network of air flow systems has been put in place to keep the air smelling as fresh as possible.Waste that arrives at the plant goes through a cleaning process before powerful pumps send it flowing to areas above ground for more treatment.There，the treated water receives additional cleaning.Bacteria and viruses are removed through highly developed cleaning processes and then disinfected with ultraviolet radiation(紫外线辐射)． Singapore is also in the process of expanding its recycling system.The country will add another underground tunnel and a major water treatment center to serve the western half of the island.Officials expect work on the center to be completed by 2025.By the time the expansion is finished，Singapore will have spent about $7.4 billion on its water treatment systems. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡政府建立了一个高度发达的系统来将废水转化为饮用水。 1．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．The world’s oceans are polluted by wastewater. B．Only a small amount of the treated water is suitable to drink. C．Wastewater is usually treated before being sent into the oceans. D．80 percent of the water in the oceans can be used as drinking water. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The United Nations estimates that 80 percent of the world’s wastewater flows back into the oceans without being treated or reused.”可知，世界上80%的废水未经处理或再利用就流入海洋，由此推知，全世界的海洋会被废水污染。故选A。 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Singapore plans to get help from Malaysia. B．The wastewater is cleaned underground in the whole process. C．900 million liters of wastewater can be cleaned in the center a day. D．The recycled water enters the sea through a highly developed system. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The center contains...It can treat up to 900 million liters of wastewater a day.”可知，该中心每天可处理9亿升废水。故选C。 3．How are bacteria and viruses in treated water removed? A．Purifying water by itself. B．Through a special kind of chemical. C．With ultraviolet radiation. D．Through cleaning processes and disinfection. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Bacteria and viruses are removed through highly developed cleaning processes and then disinfected with ultraviolet radiation(紫外线辐射)．”可知，通过清洗和消毒去除处理过的水中的细菌和病毒。故选D。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Singapore Turns Wastewater into Drinking Water B．Collect and Rescue: the Future of Singapore C．The Importance of Sea Water in Singapore D．Water Source Protection Matters 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“The government of Singapore has created a highly developed system that turns wastewater into drinking water.”以及后文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了新加坡政府建立了一个高度发达的系统来将废水转化为饮用水。故选A。 B (2024·湖北十堰高二上期末) A few months ago，I was in a cinema queue behind a man whose two sons were asking if they could have Tango Ice Blasts bright blue partly frozen drinks.The father hesitated for a moment.They’d already had too much sugary stuff that day，he said.“But it’s sugar-free，” replied one of the boys.That sealed the deal.The boys walked off happily into the cinema holding their drinks. In an era when sugar is widely seen as enemy No.1，sugar-free drinks and treats，sweetened with low-calorie additives(添加剂)，become well-liked and promise guilt-free sweetness.Some people deliberately choose low-sugar options in the hope of losing weight or managing diabetes；others just enjoy the taste. But even if you aren’t seeking them out，it’s hard to avoid artificial sweeteners.In 2021，researchers looked at foods for sale in Hong Kong and found that sweeteners were present not just in products where you would expect them，such as sugarless chewing gum，but also in salad dressings，breads，instant noodles and many crisps. They have become such a common part of our diet that environmental scientists have started looking for traces of them—particularly acesulfame potassium(乙酰磺胺酸钾)，which passes through the body largely undigested—as a marker for human waste in lakes and rivers. The rise of sweeteners is，in part，a sign of the spectacular success of sugar taxes，which have been introduced in more than 40 countries since 2010.In the UK，the soft drinks industry tax was announced in 2016 and fully carried out in 2018，as part of a plan to “tackle childhood obesity”．The tax charged manufacturers 24p a litre for any drink with 8g or more of added sugar per 100ml.Almost all the major soft drinks brands in the UK cut the sugar content of their products and replaced the missing sweetness with some kind of artificial alternative.Only few brands keep their recipes the same.Once they became more expensive，compared to the sugar-free alternatives，their sales fell. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章从无糖饮料的流行入手，讲述了甜味剂被广泛使用的现象和原因。 5．What made sugar-free drinks and treats popular? A．The public’s pursuit of health. B．The taste of low-calorie additives. C．People’s promise to manage diabetes. D．Parents’ expectation of guilt-free sweetness. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句以及“Some people deliberately choose low-sugar options in the hope of losing weight or managing diabetes”可知，无糖饮料和零食变得流行是因为人们追求健康，故选A。 6．Why is it hard to avoid artificial sweeteners? A．Because they are present in every food product. B．Because they can be found in the environment. C．Because they are widely used in our diet. D．Because they are part of a plan to deal with obesity. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 2021，researchers looked at foods for sale in Hong Kong and found that sweeteners were present not just in products where you would expect them，such as sugarless chewing gum，but also in salad dressings，breads，instant noodles and many crisps.”以及第四段中的“They have become such a common part of our diet”可知，很难避免人造甜味剂是因为它们在我们的饮食中被广泛使用。故选C。 7．What did drink manufacturers in the UK do with the sugar tax? A．Major soft drinks brands reduced their products’ sugar content. B．Few soft drinks brands refused to change their recipes. C．Nearly all big soft drinks brands turned to artificial sweeteners. D．Drink companies lowered the price to raise their sales. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Almost all the major soft drinks brands in the UK cut the sugar content of their products and replaced the missing sweetness with some kind of artificial alternative.”可知，几乎所有的大型软饮料品牌都转而使用人工甜味剂。故选C。 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Sugar，Enemy No.1 B．The Rise of Artificial Sweeteners C．The Secret to Health: Low-calorie Additives D．Scientific Facts Behind Health 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。文章从无糖饮料的流行入手，讲述了甜味剂被广泛使用的现象和原因，由此可知，B选项“人工甜味剂的兴起”最适合作文章标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) (2024·山西吕梁高二上期末) People may appreciate the mighty sea and those deep，dark lakes when it comes to waters. 1 However，ponds are an important body of water as they fight climate change，improve biodiversity，and help conservation，according to The Revelator organization.So if you are thinking about creating a beautiful and enriching element to your garden this spring，consider a pond. 2 In Switzerland，less than ten percent of the ponds from the last 200 years remain.And in the UK，less than a quarter of the ponds that existed at the start of the 20th century are still around. Nowadays，a European organization called PONDERFUL is trying to give ponds power by increasing awareness of their importance.They are the unsung heroes of the natural world and are in the front line of climate action，supporting wildlife and capturing harmful emissions. Adding even a tiny pond in your garden can achieve natural wonders and will actually better all other ecosystems，according to Pond Informer，an online guide about ponds. 3 For example，ponds are a shelter for frogs that eat insects and keep the ecosystem balanced. They also offer a space for birds to bathe，cool，off and drink. 4 They help with pollination，spread seeds，and control insects.Swallows can eat hundreds of thousands of insects each night，bugs that may just munch on your garden during the day! With help now on the way，Switzerland has made hundreds of new ponds thus increasing the population of birds and frogs，including the endangered European tree frog. 5 A．Ponds are simply disappearing. B．Tiny ponds are usually ignored. C．In turn，these birds can benefit your garden. D．Your pond can play a part in your community. E．People can have a great time by creating the ponds. F．A pond becomes home to many plants and animals. G．Small，shallow ponds are being restored on former golf courses in the UK. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了被大家忽视的池塘正逐渐消失，而由于其对生态的巨大好处，人们又开始重新修建或者修复池塘。 1．答案　B 解析　上文“People may appreciate the mighty sea and those deep，dark lakes when it comes to waters.”指出，当谈到水体时大家注意到的是大海和湖泊。下文“However，ponds are an important body of water...according to The Revelator organization.”指出池塘也很重要。选项B指出池塘通常被人忽视，这承接上文，继续谈水体，又和下文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选B。 2．答案　A 解析　下文“In Switzerland，less than ten percent of the ponds...at the start of the 20th century are still around.”通过举例说明池塘逐渐消失。选项A指出池塘正在消失，符合语境，下文是对这句话的详细说明。故选A。 3．答案　F 解析　下文“For example，ponds are a shelter for frogs that eat insects and keep the ecosystem balanced.”提到池塘是青蛙的家。选项F指出池塘是很多动植物的家，符合语境，下文是该选项的具体实例。故选F。 4．答案　C 解析　上文“They also offer a space for birds to bathe，cool，off and drink.”指出池塘也为鸟类提供了空间，下文“They help with pollination，spread seeds，and control insects.”指出，反过来鸟类又帮助授粉等活动。选项C指出鸟类反过来给花园带来好处，符合语境，下文是对该选项的具体说明。故选C。 5．答案　G 解析　上文“With help now on the way，Switzerland has made hundreds of new ponds...”指出瑞士开始建造新池塘。选项G指出英国也在修复池塘，这和上文一样，都是呈现保护池塘的实例，前后联系密切，符合语境。故选G。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) (2025·福建福九联盟高二上期中) Six years ago，Simon Dell began creating his “mouse village” when he spotted a wild mouse in his back garden.Since then，he has added numerous things to it—all 1 from recycled materials. Simon 2 daily village activities and posts the images across his social media channels.“Without the 3 of making little things for little things，I could soon 4 back into depression，” he says.“The mouse village gave me back my smile.I hope it gives others the same 5 it gives me.” At the beginning of his journey，after he created the 6 for the original mouse，which he named George，he began 7 more homes next door.Within days，a few mice pals moved in，expecting to also 8 the comforts of the village. The photographer began adding 9 to the tiny houses，crafting dining tables and clothes washing lines，and giving them props (道具) for 10 like painting and gardening.Simon admits it can be 11 to take good photographs of mice as they are 12 animals.“But when it’s sunny，they seem more than 13 to strike a cute pose or two in 14 for a bit of peanut butter.” Today，Simon says there are around 20 mice in the village，and the mouse village has given him and many of his social media followers great joy among personal 15 . 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公西蒙用回收材料建造了一个“老鼠村”，建造的过程让他获得了快乐，他给老鼠拍照并上传到社交媒体，也给许多社交媒体追随者带去了快乐。 1．A.saved B．gained C．constructed D．borrowed 答案　C 解析　save拯救；gain获得；construct建造；borrow借。根据句中“he has added numerous things to it”可知，他向“老鼠村”里添加了许多东西，由此可知，这些东西都是用回收材料建造的。故选C。 2．A.organizes B．monitors C．illustrates D．photographs 答案　D 解析　organize组织；monitor监视；illustrate说明；photograph拍照。根据句中“posts the images across his social media channels”可知，西蒙在他的社交媒体上发布照片，由此可知，他拍摄了村庄日常活动的照片。故选D。 3．A.time B．fun C．right D．privilege 答案　B 解析　time时间；fun乐趣；right权利；privilege特权。根据下文“The mouse village gave me back my smile.”可知，老鼠村让他重新露出笑容，由此可知，为老鼠村制作小东西给他带来了乐趣。故选B。 4．A.sink B．swim C．shake D．take 答案　A 解析　sink下陷；swim游泳；shake摇动；take携带。根据下文“The mouse village gave me back my smile.”可知，老鼠村让他重新露出笑容，由此可知，没有为老鼠村制作小东西的乐趣，他会重新陷入抑郁。故选A。 5．A.knowledge B．freedom C．joy D．courage 答案　C 解析　knowledge知识；freedom自由；joy快乐；courage勇气。根据上文“The mouse village gave me back my smile.”可知，老鼠村让他重新露出笑容，给他带来了乐趣，他也希望其他人感受到这种快乐。故选C。 6．A.shelter B．shelf C．playground D．road 答案　A 解析　shelter庇护所，住处；shelf架子；playground操场；road公路。根据句中“more homes”可知，他为最初的老鼠建造了住处。故选A。 7．A.checking B．adding C．removing D．adjusting 答案　B 解析　check检查；add增加；remove去除；adjust调整。根据句中“he created the for the original mouse”以及“more homes next door”可知，他先为最初的老鼠建造了住处，之后他又在隔壁增加了更多的房子。故选B。 8．A.move toward B．bring out C．benefit from D．appeal to 答案　C 解析　move toward向……移动；bring out出版；benefit from从……中受益；appeal to呼吁。根据句中“a few mice pals moved in”以及“the comforts of the village”可知，老鼠搬进来是因为村庄的舒适，它们希望从中受益。故选C。 9．A.details B．rules C．names D．contacts 答案　A 解析　detail细节；rule规则；name名字；contact熟人。根据句中“crafting dining tables and clothes washing lines”可知，摄影师开始为小房子添加细节。故选A。 10．A.matches B．tricks C．habits D．hobbies 答案　D 解析　match比赛；trick诡计；habit习惯；hobby爱好。根据句中“like painting and gardening”可知，西蒙为它们的绘画和园艺等爱好提供道具。故选D。 11．A.important B．challenging C．accidental D．impossible 答案　B 解析　important重要的；challenging有挑战性的；accidental意外的；impossible不可能的。根据句中“take good photographs of mice”以及常识可知，给老鼠们拍好照片是有挑战性的。故选B。 12．A.cute B．smart C．dangerous D．wild 答案　D 解析　cute可爱的；smart聪明的；dangerous危险的；wild野生的。根据句中“Simon admits it can be to take good photographs of mice”和常识可知，西蒙承认给老鼠拍好照片可能很有挑战性，因为它们是野生动物。故选D。 13．A.happy B．nervous C．shy D．ambitious 答案　A 解析　happy乐意的；nervous焦虑的；shy害羞的；ambitious有野心的。根据句中“for a bit of peanut butter”可知，为了得到一点花生酱，老鼠们乐意摆一两个可爱的姿势。故选A。 14．A.support B．exchange C．balance D．turn 答案　B 解析　support支持；exchange交换；balance平衡；turn转变。根据句意可知，老鼠们似乎很愿意摆一两个可爱的姿势以换取一点花生酱。故选B。 15．A.pleasures B．adventures C．struggles D．options 答案　C 解析　pleasure快乐；adventure冒险；struggle奋斗；option选项。根据上文“‘Without the of making little things for little things，I could soon back into depression，’ he says.”可知，老鼠村让西蒙摆脱了抑郁，所以此处说的是老鼠村也让他的社交媒体追随者在奋斗中得到快乐。故选C。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2025·山东潍坊高二上期中) World Tea Day 1. (celebrate) annually on May 21st to promote and raise awareness about the importance of tea and its cultural，historical and health significance around the world. China is considered the birthplace of tea.The earliest 2. (record) use of tea dates back to the Zhou Dynasty，while tea as a drink became popular during the Han Dynasty.3.________ trade along the Silk Road，tea spread from China to various parts of the world,4._________ (global) influencing the tea culture.China develops the most diverse tea range.Here are some of the well-known 5. (tea) with amazing aromas(芳香) and tastes produced in China. West Lake Longjing is well-known for its unique 6. (appear) and taste.Dating from the Tang Dynasty，Longjing tea gained fame in the Song Dynasty，improved in quality during the Yuan Dynasty，became popular among commoners in the Ming Dynasty 7. was even offered as a gift in the Qing Dynasty. White Peony is a famous historical tea in Fujian，China,8. (belong) to the classification of white tea.It is known for its antioxidant properties，immune-boosting effects,9.___ (digest) benefits，and potential for weight loss and beauty improvement. Jin Jun Mei is a type of red tea originating from Tongmu Village in Wuyishan City，Fujian Province，developed in 2005 by Jiang Yuanxun，the 24th generation inheritor(继承人) of Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong,10. successful creation fueled a craze for red tea. 1．答案　is celebrated 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处是谓语动词，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语World Tea Day与动词celebrate之间是被动关系，用被动语态；主语是单数形式，be动词用is。故填is celebrated。 2．答案　recorded 解析　考查非谓语动词。空格处应该用非谓语动词，修饰空格后的名词use，动词record与名词use之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词recorded作定语。故填recorded。 3．答案　With 解析　考查介词。根据空格后的trade along the Silk Road可知，空格处应该填入一个介词，且意义为“随着”，应该用介词with，构成with复合结构；句首单词的首字母需大写。故填With。 4．答案　globally 解析　考查副词。修饰空格后的现在分词influencing，应该用副词globally作状语。故填globally。 5．答案　teas 解析　考查名词复数。根据句首的Here are可知，空格处是句子的主语，由be动词are可知，主语应该用复数形式。故填teas。 6．答案　appearance 解析　考查名词。根据空格前的介词for可知，空格处应该用名词appearance与下文的taste并列作宾语。故填appearance。 7．答案　and 解析　考查连词。空格处连接几个并列的谓语动词“gained”“improved”“became”和“was offered”，表示顺承关系。故填and。 8．答案　belonging 解析　考查非谓语动词。空格处应该用非谓语动词，动词belong和其逻辑主语White Peony之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填belonging。 9．答案　digestive 解析　考查形容词。修饰空格后的名词benefits，应该用形容词digestive作定语。故填digestive。 10．答案　whose 解析　考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，且意义为“……的；其”，应该用关系代词whose。故填whose。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $