Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Integrated skills（配套课件PPT）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

该高中英语课件围绕“摩擦力”科学主题，通过课文整体理解题（如摩擦力特点、研究事件顺序）导入，衔接听力变式训练（高考选择填空、精听填空）作为语言输入，再以写作技法指导（篇章结构、分步演练）构建输出支架，形成“输入-内化-输出”的学习脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，听力训练结合高考题型与精听填空提升语言理解表达能力，写作分步演练（审题、遣词、句式升级）引导逻辑分析与创造，训练3拓展学习渠道。学生能综合提升技能，教师可获系统资源，助力高效教学。

Section Ⅳ Integrated skills Fun with science Unit 4 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　听力变式训练 Part 3　写作技法指导 训练3 整体理解 课文 3 1.What can we know about friction from the lecture transcript? A.It is found everywhere. B.It is easy to get rid of. C.It hasn’t been fascinating scientists. D.It may not have “memory”. √ 2.Which is the correct order of the important events in the study of friction? ①Leonardo da Vinci made the connection between friction amount and its determining factors. ②Friction may have a kind of “memory”. ③Guillaume Amontons drafted laws about friction. ④Frank Philip Bowden investigated friction’s relationship with lubrication. A.①②③④ B.①③②④ C.③①②④ D.①③④② √ 3.What is the scientists’ attitude to friction? A.Curious. B.Resistant. C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed. √ 返 回 变式训练 听力 7 Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式) 1.What is Ms Li’s opinion about friction? A.Friction is generated by air particles. B.Friction enables us to go about our daily lives. C.Shooting stars enter the Earth’s surface because of friction. √ 2.How can mechanical systems last longer? A.Generating heat. B.Rubbing moving parts together. C.Applying oil between the surfaces. √ 3.Which of the following experience the least air resistance? A.Hyperloop trains. B.Maglev trains. C.Shooting stars. √ 4.How does the man speaker feel at the end of the interview? A.Amused.　　　B.Shocked.　　　C.Excited. √ Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练) Listen to the interview on P51 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Reporter：Today on Everyday Science，our topic is “Friction—get a grip or let it slip？”.Let’s welcome Ms Li，a physics lecturer from the local university. Ms Li：Thank you.Friction can be very 1.　　　 in our daily lives.When we eat，it allows our fingers to 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ，preventing them from falling.Friction also 3.　 　 us in more unexpected ways.For instance，it protects us from outer space objects.Shooting stars often enter the Earth’s atmosphere，but most are completely 4.________ before reaching the ground.This is due to the friction generated between them and the air particles. Reporter：So，friction is useful，but is it always 5. ? useful hold the chopsticks and the bowl affects burnt up necessary Ms Li：Not always.For example，when a machine’s moving parts constantly rub together，friction generates 6. and may 7.________ them，causing a breakdown.So friction 8. to reduce wear and tear in mechanical systems.Applying friction-reducing fluids like oil between the moving surfaces helps a machine 9. and 10. dangerous situations. Reporter：I see.Ms Li，can you also share some 11. or its 12. that could benefit us in the future? heat damage must be decreased last longer prevents uses of friction absence Ms Li：Sure.We know that friction produces an electric charge—think of the small shock you sometimes get when you 13. your wool sweater. Researchers hope to use it as 14. for mobile devices and sensors in the future.Engineers are also extremely interested in trains travelling through tubes，which will allow them to experience even 15. than maglev trains.This so-called hyperloop technology could allow speeds of over 1,000 kilometres per hour! Reporter：These innovative applications sound really 16. !Let’s hope they can be 17. soon.Thank you for joining us today，Ms Li. take off an alternative source of power less air resistance exciting put into effect 返 回 技法指导 写作 16 本单元的写作目标是写一篇关于摩擦力的文章，即介绍一种科学现象，属于说明文范畴。这类说明文主要是客观地介绍某一科学知识，推广、普及科学常识。 篇章结构 注意事项 1.注意说明文的文体特点： (1)说明性：科普说明文的写作目的在于介绍科学现象，说明科学知识。 (2)单一性：一篇科普说明文，一般只说明一种科学现象，介绍一种科学知识。 (3)通俗性：科普说明文介绍的知识多是抽象而深奥的，所以要求用通俗易懂的语言让读者易于理解。 2.时态多用一般现在时。 常用表达 1.下定义 Friction is the force that makes it difficult for one object to slide over the surface of another. 摩擦力是一种使一个物体难以滑过另一个物体表面的力。 2.在生活中的应用 (1)It is a force that we can’t resist，yet，in various situations，it affects us either positively or negatively. 这是一种我们无法抗拒的力量，然而在很多情况下，它会对我们产生积极或消极的影响。 (2)The benefits of friction are experienced in many moments of our lives. 在我们生活中的许多时刻都可以体验到摩擦力的好处。 (3)However，there are situations where less or no friction is preferred. 然而，在某些情况下，较少的摩擦或没有摩擦是更好一些的。 3.对生活的意义 It is hoped that the more applications of friction will be put into effect soon. 人们希望更多关于摩擦力的应用会尽快实现。 假定你是李华，参加了一个科学探究活动小组，要求你就摩擦力的相关知识写一篇报告，内容主要包括： 1.介绍摩擦力这一科学现象； 2.阐述摩擦力在生活中的应用。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 分步演练 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一篇说明文，写作时应注意下面几点： 1.确定文体：这是一篇说明文。写作时注意说明文的写作特点。 2.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。 3.主体人称：人称应该以第一、三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：摩擦力现象以及定义。 第二段：摩擦力在生活中的应用。 第三段：希望摩擦力能更多地为人类所用。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1.阻止……做…… ____________________ 2.滑动；悄悄地溜到 _____ 3.滚屏，滚动 ______ 4.减少，降低 ________ 5.许多，各种不同的 ______________ 6.即将发生；等待着 __________ 7.实施；使生效；实现 ______________ prevent...from doing... slide scroll decrease a wide range of in store for put...into effect [连词成句] 1.是什么东西能让我们拿着笔写字还阻止笔掉落？ What allows us to hold a pen and write， ? 2.这是摩擦力，它是一种使一个物体难以滑过另一个物体表面的力。 It is friction，which is a force ___________________________________ . preventing it from falling that makes it difficult for one object to slide over the surface of another 3.如果没有摩擦力，地面上的风会吹得快得多，这就会使我们很难舒适和安全地生活。 If there were no friction，the wind on the ground ___________________ and that would __________________________________________ . 4.人们希望这些应用能很快实现。 People hope that . would blow much faster make it difficult for us to live comfortably and safely these applications will be put into effect soon 第三步　句式升级 1.用强调句型改写句1。 _______________________________________________________________2.用含有without的虚拟条件句和现在分词短语作状语改写句3。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.用it作形式主语改写句4。 _______________________________________________________________ What is it that allows us to hold a pen and write，preventing it from falling? Without friction，the wind on the ground would blow much faster，making it difficult for us to live comfortably and safely. It is hoped that these applications will be put into effect soon. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 Do you know what it is that allows us to hold a pen and write，preventing it from falling? It is friction，which is a force that makes it difficult for one object to slide over the surface of another. Friction can be very useful in our daily life.It helps us turn the pages of the book or scroll the screen on our mobile devices.Friction also protects us in unexpected ways.For example，friction greatly decreases the speed of the wind.Without friction，the wind on the ground would blow much faster，making it difficult for us to live comfortably and safely. There is no denying that a wide range of potential applications of friction are in store for us.It is hoped that these applications will be put into effect soon. 返 回 训练3 32 Insomnia(失眠) feels like a curse for those left tossing and turning as they try to fall asleep.Such problems can be not only upsetting，but also harmful to the brain，as revealed in last issue’s article on sleep. Ⅰ.阅读理解 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述美国华盛顿大学的科学家们进行的一项关于睡眠的调查发现光线类型和日照时间都会影响睡眠时间，最后建议人们早上去户外享受自然光的照射。 33 Scientists from the US University of Washington have been using bracelets(手镯) to monitor the sleep patterns of 507 university students over a period of three years.The bracelets allowed scientists not only to monitor the sleep patterns of their subjects but also to examine their exposure to light during the day. The data revealed that the students enjoyed about the same quantity of sleep regardless of seasons.But on weeknights in the winter they went to bed 35 minutes later，and also rose again 27 minutes later，compared with weeknights in the summer. 34 The discovery surprised the scientists.The city of Seattle，where the university is located，gets 16 hours of daylight in the summer and only 8 in the winter.They expected that long light summer evenings would keep the students up longer—but the opposite proved to be the case. According to the scientists，the explanation may be that the low quantity of daylight in winter disturbs the students’ internal clock，shifting it by some 40 minutes.They simply spent too little time outdoors during winter months. 35 The scientists also suggest that the type of light matters very much.“Light during the day，particularly in the morning，affects your internal clock，so you get tired earlier in the evening，while light late in the day or early in the evening delays your tiredness，” explains Horacio，Professor of Biology at the University of Washington and one of the scientists behind the publication. 36 According to him，the results are an important reminder to all of us，not just American university students，to think about light levels and our exposure.“Many of us live in cities with lots of artificial light，and at the same time our lifestyle keeps us indoors during the day，” Horacio notes.“The study demonstrates that we have to step outside—even briefly，and particularly in the morning—to be subjected to natural light.” 37 1.What does paragraph 1 intend to tell us? A.The signs of insomnia. B.The causes of insomnia. C.The experiences of insomnia. D.The problems of insomnia. √ 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段旨在告诉我们失眠的问题，故选D。 解析 38 2.What surprised the scientists? A.Long hours of daylight in Seattle’s summer. B.The same quantity of sleep whatever the season. C.The changeable sleep patterns of the participants. D.The shorter sleeping time in winter weeknights. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段末句和第四段中“They expected that long light summer evenings would keep the students up longer”可知，科学家原以为夏天学生们会睡得更晚，但数据显示学生们在冬季的工作日晚上睡得更晚，这使科学家们大吃一惊，故选D。 解析 39 3.What is the function of paragraph 6? A.To state another problem. B.To present doubt. C.To provide another explanation. D.To give evidence. √ 推理判断题。第五段中从光照量的角度解释了研究结果，根据第六段中“The scientists also suggest that the type of light matters very much.”可知，第六段是要给出另一个解释——光照类型的影响，故选C。 解析 40 4.What does Horacio advise us to do from the last paragraph? A.Have enough sleep. B.Get out early to enjoy natural light. C.Deal with light pollution. D.Stay indoor to avoid light exposure. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The study demonstrates that we have to step outside—even briefly，and particularly in the morning—to be subjected to natural light.”可知，Horacio建议我们早上去户外享受自然光的照射，故选B。 解析 41 How to Stop Life Getting You Down We don’t like to talk about our struggles，choosing instead to put on a brave face. Ⅱ.七选五 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章就当遇到困难与挫折时，如何让自己不被打倒提出了一些建议。 42 1 There are many means possible to prevent ourselves from being knocked down. A.Try to appreciate the little things. B.They may do wonders for your mood. C.Try not to worry about what people think of you. D.Friends will be happy to help and provide support. E.Do not be bothered by things affecting your mood. F.Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favor. G.So，when things start to get you down，how can you pick yourself back up? √ 43 根据上文中我们选择以勇敢的面孔去面对困难，以及空格后面提到有多种可能的方式方法不让自己被压倒，可知G项“So，when things start to get you down，how can you pick yourself back up？”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。 解析 44 Try out a new hobby.Hobbies don’t just fill time，but they also help to give you a sense of purpose and something to be proud of.Try out a new sport，learn to dance or perhaps join a music club. 2 A.Try to appreciate the little things. B.They may do wonders for your mood. C.Try not to worry about what people think of you. D.Friends will be happy to help and provide support. E.Do not be bothered by things affecting your mood. F.Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favor. G.So，when things start to get you down，how can you pick yourself back up? √ 45 上文列举了几种新的爱好，B项承接上文，讲述了兴趣给人带来的好处，选项中的They指代前面的爱好。故选B。 解析 46 Reach out.If you’re struggling or feeling down，always remember that you don’t need to be on your own. 3 You’ll also find that online conferences and social media sites can provide opportunities to connect and ask for help. A.Try to appreciate the little things. B.They may do wonders for your mood. C.Try not to worry about what people think of you. D.Friends will be happy to help and provide support. E.Do not be bothered by things affecting your mood. F.Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favor. G.So，when things start to get you down，how can you pick yourself back up? √ 47 本段主题句是“Reach out.”，空前提到你不必只依靠自己，D项承接上文，说明朋友们乐意提供支持和帮助，符合语境。故选D。 解析 48 4 A new view，focusing on tiny surprises in our life，can help you to feel more positive. A.Try to appreciate the little things. B.They may do wonders for your mood. C.Try not to worry about what people think of you. D.Friends will be happy to help and provide support. E.Do not be bothered by things affecting your mood. F.Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favor. G.So，when things start to get you down，how can you pick yourself back up? √ 49 设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“A new view，focusing on tiny surprises in our life，can help you to feel more positive.”及后面的例子可知，本段的建议是欣赏生活中的小事。A项符合段意，可以作为本段主旨句。故选A。 解析 50 Start to appreciate the beauty of a flower，a favourite piece of music or a simple sunny day.Go out for dinner and make efforts to truly enjoy the flavour of your meal or lie back on your bed，surrounded by total silence，and simply focus on how it feels to breathe and to relax. 51 Do things for others. 5 You’ll feel more positive knowing that you’re contributing to a better world，whether helping just one person or a larger group.Try doing a few random acts of kindness to brighten up your day，pay for someone’s dinner at a restaurant or send a nice letter to someone that you know or someone that’s made a difference to your life. A.Try to appreciate the little things. B.They may do wonders for your mood. C.Try not to worry about what people think of you. D.Friends will be happy to help and provide support. E.Do not be bothered by things affecting your mood. F.Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favor. G.So，when things start to get you down，how can you pick yourself back up? √ 52 空格后说明了帮助他人会使你感觉更积极，F项“很少有事能像帮助他人一样增强自信”符合语境，且选项中的doing a favor呼应主旨句“Doing things for others.”故选F。 解析 53 Geneticist(基因学家) Dr.Arney has explored the impact that humans have had on the evolutionary process of the species in the past decade. Ⅲ.语法填空 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因学家Arney博士过去十年探索了人类对物种进化过程的影响。 54 From driving species to farm animals to new technologies like genetic engineering and cloning，Arney found 1. impossible to ignore the influence of humans on the planet. it 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式宾语，构成find it＋adj.＋to do 结构，真正的宾语是不定式短语“to ignore the influence of humans on the planet”。故填it。 解析 55 10 years ago Arney chatted with Dr.Helen about the 2. (theme) in her book，Life Changing: How humans are changing life on earth? How animal species 3._________________(shape) through genetic engineering so far? From Helen’s own genetically 4. (transform) wolves to swift swallows，he heard about some ways humans had changed the animals around. themes have been shaped transformed 56 2.考查名词复数。根据下文中的“How humans are changing life on earth? How animal species (shape) through genetic engineering so far？”可知，书中有两个主题，因此应用可数名词theme的复数形式。故填themes。 3.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语“animal species”与动词shape之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又因主语表示复数概念，谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填have been shaped。 4.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，逻辑主语wolves与动词transform之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语修饰wolves。故填transformed。 解析 57 Dr.Alex,5. (manage) of the Royal Zoological Society，discussed how genetics can be used 6. (understand) species’ changing ways. manager 5.考查名词。此处应用名词作同位语，表明Alex博士的身份，表示独一无二的地位或职位的名词作同位语时其前不加冠词。故填manager。 6.考查非谓语动词。此处表示Alex博士讨论如何利用遗传学来理解物种的改变方式。因此应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to understand。 解析 to understand 58 Arney was involved in Alex’s projects stopping animals’ 7. (terrible) cruel purchasing and hunting.Last year，Arney met Dr.Bill. terribly 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词cruel表示程度。故填terribly。 解析 59 It’s in Bill’s lab 8. he carried out the cloning procedure creating Dolly the Sheep，the first mammal(哺乳动物) from an adult cell in the 1990s.From his lab，Arney 9.__________(figure) out some puzzles which had been confusing him for long. that 8.考查强调句。分析句子结构可知，此处为It is...that...强调句型，且“in Bill’s lab”指地点，应用that。故填that。 9.考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填figured。 解析 figured 60 Arney owes his career in research to his long-sought dream and many outstanding pioneers，10._________ whom he can’t have had such amazing discoveries. without 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“没有他们的话，他就不可能有那些令人惊奇的发现”。此处应用介词without表示“没有”；且分析句子结构可知，此处without whom引导非限制性定语从句。故填without。 解析 返 回 61 本课结束 $