Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition（配套课件PPT）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

该高中英语课件聚焦虚拟语气（非真实条件句），通过“语境感悟”环节引导学生阅读建议信短文，自主画出并分析与现在、过去、将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，搭建从语境感知到语法规则的学习支架。 其亮点在于以真实情境导入培养语言能力，用对比表格梳理不同时间虚拟结构提升思维品质，补全环保主题短文渗透文化意识。教学方法系统且实用，学生能提升语法应用能力，教师可获得完整教学资源支持。

Section Ⅲ On the move Unit 3 Grammar and composition—Subjunctive mood (Ⅰ)：unreal conditionals 阅读下面的短文，画出文中的虚拟条件句，并分析。 Learning you are having trouble getting used to your new school life in London，I’d like to offer my suggestions to you. Firstly，if I were you，I would take part in some school associations where you can make some friends and know about their school life.If you had some friends there，you would not be so upset now.Another suggestion is that you should study hard.Should you get high marks，you would be more confident，which will help you adapt to the new environment soon. 语境感悟 What’s more，keep up high spirits and be optimistic.After all，if you had not gone to London as an exchange student，you would have lost the chance to broaden your horizons and improve yourself. I hope my advice will be useful to you.I’m looking forward to your good news. 答案　 1....if I were you，I would take part in some school associations... 2.If you had some friends there，you would not be so upset now. 3.Should you get high marks，you would be more confident... 4....if you had not gone to London as an exchange student，you would have lost the chance to broaden your horizons and improve yourself. 分析：表示与过去事实相反的是句4。 表示与现在事实相反的是句1和句2。 表示与将来事实相反的是句3。 语法精讲 在英语中，表示不能实现的愿望或与事实相反的情况时，常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气常见于含有条件状语从句的句子中。 一、虚拟条件句的常规用法表 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 例句 与现在 事实相反 过去时(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If you spent more time exercising，you would be more energetic. 如果你花更多的时间锻炼，你会更加精力充沛。 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 例句 与过去 事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 If you had come one minute earlier，you would have caught the bus. 如果你早来一分钟，你就赶上公交车了。 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 例句 与将来 事实相反 过去时(be用were) should/would/ could/might＋动词原形 If I had time tomorrow，I would accompany you to the party. 如果明天我有时间，我会陪你去参加聚会。 should＋动词原形 If he shouldn’t come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting. 如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 例句 与将来 事实相反 were to＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If he were to arrive late，people would complain about it.如果他来晚了，人们会抱怨的。 二、虚拟条件句的特殊用法 1.如果条件状语从句和主句的时间不一致，要根据具体情况使用动词的适当形式。如： If you had followed my advice，you would be better now. 如果你听了我的建议，你现在就好一些了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反) 2.条件状语从句含有were，had或should 时，可以将它们置于句首，省略连接词if。如： (1)Were you to take the train(If you were to take the train)，you would get there sooner.如果你坐火车的话，你就会早点到达那里。 (2)Had you informed me earlier(If you had informed me earlier)，I would not have signed the contract. 如果你早点告诉我，我就不会签那个合同了。 (3)Should you make a mistake(If you should make a mistake)，you would have to do the experiment again. 如果你犯了错误，你就必须再做一次实验。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.If it (rain) tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off. 2.If you (follow) my advice，you would have found a solution to the dilemma. 3.If I (be) you，I (buy) that house immediately. 达标检测 rained/should rain/were to rain had followed were would buy 4.If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers，I (not be) where I am. 5.If the new safety system (put) to use，the accident would never have happened. wouldn’t be had been put Ⅱ.完成句子 1.要是我没有错过那班渡船，我们就能提前到那里了。 If that ferry，we ahead of time. 2.如果我没读英文报Youth，我在英语方面就不会有这么大的进步。 If the newspaper Youth，I ________________________ in English. I hadn’t missed would have got there I hadn’t read wouldn’t have made such great progress 3.我常常想，如果每个人在成年初期的某个时候都能失聪和失明几天，那将是一件幸事。 I have often thought if each human being ______ for a few days at some time during his early adult life. 4.如果我们没有生产这种产品，我们的工厂现在就不会关闭。 If we the product，our factory ______________ now. it would be a blessing were stricken blind and deaf hadn’t manufactured would not be closed Ⅲ.补全下面的短文 Human activity has affected the natural and ecological balance，badly harming the environment.For example，1.________________________ (如果人类没有非法猎杀野生动物，一些稀有动物就不会灭绝).2.____________ _______________________________________________________________ (如果海洋和河流没有受到如此严重的污染，其中的许多生物就不会被杀死).3.___________________________________________________ (如果没有那么多的私家车和小工厂，我们就会呼吸到新鲜空气).All of these facts will do harm to humans at last. if humans had not hunted wild animals illegally，some rare animals would not have died out If oceans and rivers were not so seriously polluted，many creatures in them would not be killed If there were not so many private cars and small factories， we would breathe fresh air Fortunately，more and more people are aware of this and doing their best to prevent the situation from getting worse.4.____________________ ______________________________________________________________ (如果我们大家共同努力，我们的环境就会变得越来越美好). Should all of us make joint efforts，our environment would become more and more beautiful 训练2 17 A The best advertisement for public transportation is seeing a bus whoosh past lines of cars stuck in traffic.When transit is convenient，comfortable，affordable and faster than driving，the service practically sells itself.That’s why a recent bus lane boom in Los Angeles is so welcome. Ⅰ.阅读理解 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。它介绍了洛杉矶安排公交车专用道的情况，强调了改善公交服务的好处。 Since 2019，Metro and the city’s Department of Transportation have rolled out nine new segments(路段) for a total of 40 miles of bus lanes on some of the most crowded streets with high bus ridership，such as La Brea Avenue，Venice Boulevard and Alvarado Street.The goal is to have 100 miles in place before the 2028 Olympics. The result has been faster，more reliable service for passengers—and for drivers stuck in traffic，maybe even a little bus envy.Better bus service is essential to get people to jobs，schools and opportunities，and to entice drivers out of cars to help reduce planet warming emissions. Great transformation has taken place since.Transit advocates have pressed Metro and elected officials to stop treating bus riders as an afterthought.Former Council member Mike Bonin，who also sat on Metro’s governing board，pushed for the creation of the Bus Speed and Reliability Working Group.With a clear goal—to speed up the buses—and a mandate(授权) from political leaders，staff at the two agencies were able to cut through bureaucratic barriers that often stymie(阻碍) public works projects. Bus Rapid Transit，or busways，with dedicated lanes and special stops，have faced resistance from some residents and business owners，who worry about losing car lanes or parking.The compromise is that most bus riders get the benefit of bus lanes only during rush hours，from 7 to 10 a.m.and 4 to 7 p.m.These rush-hour lanes will demonstrate the benefits of giving people fast，convenient bus service，so L.A.’s political leaders will wholeheartedly support more dedicated busways and even 24-hour bus lanes. 1.What have Metro and the city’s Department of Transportation done? A.Making preparations for the 2028 Olympics. B.Demanding the buses to run 40 miles per hour. C.Arranging special bus lanes during rush hours. D.Calling on citizens to take public transportation. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since 2019，Metro and the city’s Department of Transportation have rolled out...bus lanes on some of the most crowded streets with high bus ridership...”可知，地铁和城市交通部在交通高峰时段安排公共汽车专用车道。故选C。 解析 2.What does the underlined word “entice” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Attract. B.Order. C.Force. D.Beg. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The result has been faster，more reliable service for passengers—and for drivers stuck in traffic，maybe even a little bus envy.”以及下文“help reduce planet warming emissions”可知，更好的公交服务引起那些被堵在路上的司机的嫉妒，从而吸引他们放弃开车，转而乘坐公交车，可推知entice意为“诱使”。故选A。 解析 3.What led to the transformation? A.Politics. B.Public awareness. C.Economy. D.Marketing management. √ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，公交倡导者向地铁和民选官员施压，要求他们重视公交乘客，官员推动成立了工作组，有了来自政治领导人的授权，工作人员能够突破经常阻碍公共工程项目的官僚主义障碍，由此可推知，是政治因素导致了这个转变。故选A。 解析 4.What does the last paragraph imply? A.Some residents resist busways. B.More car lanes or parking will be lost. C.Business owners conflict with bus riders. D.Public transportation may get more support. √ 推理判断题。最后一段末句提到洛杉矶的政治领导人将全心全意地支持更多的公交专用道，甚至24小时公交专用道，所以是暗示了公共交通可能会得到更多支持。故选D。 解析 B There’s a continuing controversy over whether electric vehicles should produce sounds to let the blind and other pedestrians know they’re on the scene.Some think those sounds should be standardized—like the “beep，beep，beep” of heavy machinery backing up，so you’ll think “something heavy is coming this way” when you hear it—and some think any sound will do. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。针对安静的电动汽车可能会对行人造成危险的问题，本文对其应对措施展开了讨论。 This is a serious subject.Plug-in hybrid cars(插电式混合动力车) and battery electric vehicles are super-quiet，and a study at the University of California，Riverside concludes that people listening to recordings on headphones can hear a regular gas car coming from 28 feet away，but a hybrid in battery mode only when it’s 7 feet away. In response，the European Union has put new rules into play: all new electric vehicle models must have a sound-producing device，which sounds like a traditional engine.Starting in 2021，all new electric vehicles of any model will need the Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System or AVAS.That sound will come into play when the car is traveling backwards or when it’s traveling at less than 12 miles an hour—speeds at which cars are more likely to be mixing with pedestrians. That’s a nice start，say representatives for the blind，but more is needed.“We’re calling on the government to take this announcement further by requiring AVAS on all existing electric and hybrid vehicles and ensuring drivers have them switched on，” John Welsman，guide dog owner and Guide Dogs staff member，said in a statement. Drivers in most cases have the ability to shut off the device when needed.My guess is that they will eventually be standardized so your mind will automatically register “electric car” when you hear it.And that’s probably a good thing to reduce the mayhem(混乱) on the roads. 5.How does the author show “electric cars are quiet” in paragraph 2? A.By making a classification. B.By making a comparison. C.By analyzing cause and effect. D.By setting down general rules. √ 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，作者提到了一项研究，通过对比人们戴着耳机听录音时可以听到汽油车和处于电池模式的混合动力车的距离来证明电车是更安静的。故选B。 解析 6.What can be learned about the AVAS? A.It was developed by the European Union. B.It was designed for inexperienced drivers. C.It consists of a sound-producing device and an engine. D.It warns pedestrians of the coming of an electric car. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，当汽车倒车或以低于每小时12英里的速度行驶时，这种声音就会响起以警告行人电车的到来。故选D。 解析 7.What does John Welsman think of the new rules? A.They are too strict for drivers. B.They are too complex to follow. C.They need further improvement. D.They hardly allow for any flexibility. √ 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，John Welsman呼吁政府进一步推进这一声明，不仅要求所有现有电动汽车、混合动力汽车都配备AVAS，还要确保司机打开AVAS，可推知他认为新规仍需改进。故选C。 解析 8.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.Cars with a Standardized Sound-producing Device B.A New Type of Electric Car on Sale C.How to Deal with the Quiet Electric Cars D.Electric Cars and the EU √ 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，针对安静的电动汽车可能会对行人造成危险的问题，本文对其应对措施展开了讨论。故选C。 解析 语篇解读　本文为一篇寓言小故事，一位农夫聘用了一名男子协助他管理大西洋沿岸的农场。男子声称自己在暴风雨的夜晚也能安然睡觉，经过一次暴风雨前的经历，农夫明白了男子的意思：如果做好准备，就能以不变应万变。 Once there lived a farmer possessing a land along the Atlantic coast.He was always making 1 for hired hands，but no one seemed to be interested. 1.A.messages B.letters C.advertisements D.requests Ⅱ.完形填空 √ 根据后文内容“After months of advertising”可知农夫是在发布广告。故选C。 解析 People were 2 to work along the Atlantic，for it had violent storms frequently.After months of advertising，a man 3 the farm.“Do you have any 4 to work on a farm？” the farmer asked. 2.A.miserable B.delighted C.hopeless D.unwilling 3.A.purchased B.approached C.measured D.valued 4.A.confidence B.courage C.intention D.experience √ √ √ 2.由后文可知，大西洋沿岸频繁的风暴使得人们不愿意在大西洋沿岸工作，故选D项。 3.根据下文可知，男人走近了农场。故选B。 4.根据下文“‘Well，I may not have enough experience，but I can sleep when the wind blows，’ replied the man.”可推出农夫询问他有没有经验。故选D。 解析 “Well，I may not have enough experience，but I can sleep when the wind blows，”replied the man.Although puzzled by the man’s answer，the farmer had no 5 but to hire him.The man worked quite well and the farmer was pretty 6 . 5.A.choice B.idea C.curiosity D.doubt 6.A.jealous B.satisfied C.shocked D.hurt √ √ 5.根据前文“他总是发布雇工广告，但似乎没有人感兴趣”可知，他很难找到人手，所以他没有其他选择，只能雇用他。故选A。 6.根据前文“The man worked quite well”可知，他干得很好，所以农夫应该是满意的。故选B。 解析 One stormy night，the wind 7 the farmer.He jumped out of his bed and 8 for his helper.“Wake up！” the farmer yelled，throwing the man off the bed. 7.A.reached B.struck C.woke D.touched 8.A.asked B.waited C.headed D.cared √ √ 7.根据后文“He jumped out of his bed”可知，农夫醒来了。故选C。 8.根据下文“the farmer yelled，throwing the man off the bed”可知，农夫朝他的帮手走去了。故选C。 解析 “A 9 is coming.Tie things down before they get 10 .”The man said，“Sir，I told you，I can sleep when the wind blows.” 9.A.storm B.problem C.danger D.rain 10.A.set down B.picked up C.taken away D.blown away √ √ 9.根据下文“he hurried outside to prepare for the storm”可知是暴风雨要来了。故选A。 10.根据常识可知，在暴风雨来之前应该把东西系好，以防被吹走。故选D。 解析 Angered by the 11 ，the farmer didn’t lose his temper on the spot，though. 12 ，he hurried outside to prepare for the storm.To his 13 ，he found the chickens in the cages，the cows in the barn and the doors closed. 11.A.weather B.response C.rudeness D.excuse 12.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Instead D.Furthermore 13.A.regret B.amazement C.credit D.delight √ √ √ 11.根据前文那人所说的话可知，农夫被他的回应激怒了。故选B。 12.联系前后文可知，两者之间为转折关系。故选C。 13.根据下文农夫出去后看到一切都被安置得非常妥当可知，他应该是感到吃惊。故选B。 解析 14 was tied down so that nothing could be blown away.The farmer smiled at that moment and he 15 what his employee had said. 14.A.Everything B.Something C.Anything D.Nothing 15.A.thanked B.admired C.remembered D.understood √ √ 14.根据下文“这样就没有东西能被风吹走”可知，所有的东西都被绑起来了。故选A。 15.根据“Sir，I told you，I can sleep when the wind blows.”可知，农夫明白了他的帮手说的话，时刻做好准备，就能睡得安稳。故选D。 解析 本课结束 $