Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition（配套课件PPT）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

该高中英语课件核心聚焦倒装句语法，以2022年全国甲卷书面表达为语境导入，引导学生通过画句归类感知倒装用法，再系统讲解完全倒装（如here/there置于句首）和部分倒装（如only+状语、否定词置于句首等），搭配单句填空、完成句子及语篇补全练习，构建“感知-讲解-应用”的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合真实语篇与语法教学，通过高考题及环保主题语篇提升语言能力，借助倒装句归类分析培养思维品质，融入海洋保护、气候变化等内容渗透文化意识。采用语篇导入与分层练习，助力学生掌握语法并提升语用能力，为教师提供系统教学资源。

Section Ⅲ Our living planet Unit 1 Grammar and composition—Inversion 阅读下面的短文，画出使用倒装语序的句子，并将其归类。 (2022·全国甲，书面表达) The ocean plays an important role in our world.Not only does the ocean offer us food，but it also maintains the balance of nature.However，so seriously polluted is the ocean that many creatures in it suffer a lot and some even have died.It is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.Here are some suggestions. 语境感悟 First of all，at no time can we throw garbage into the ocean.What’s more，it is necessary to launch campaigns to call on more people to protect it.Only through joint efforts can we make a difference to ocean protection.The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is. All in all，under no circumstances will we allow anyone continuously to pollute the ocean.Remember that to protect the ocean is to protect ourselves. 答案　 1.Not only does the ocean offer us food，but it also maintains the balance of nature. 2.However，so seriously polluted is the ocean that many creatures in it suffer a lot and some even have died. 3.Here are some suggestions. 4.First of all，at no time can we throw garbage into the ocean. 5.Only through joint efforts can we make a difference to ocean protection. 6.All in all，under no circumstances will we allow anyone continuously to pollute the ocean. 归类：完全倒装的句子有：句3。 部分倒装的句子有：句1、2、4、5、6。 语法精讲 主语和谓语倒置的语序称为倒装，主要包括完全倒装和部分倒装。 一、完全倒装 完全倒装就是句子中全部谓语放在主语之前的一种特殊句式。完全倒装常用于下列情况： 1.副词here，there，up，down，in，out，away等置于句首，且主语是名词。 Here comes Mr Lee.李老师过来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 Down came the water from the top of the mountain.水从山顶上流了下来。 注意：如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。 2.表示地点的短语置于句首。 To the south of the lake lies a big farm. 这片湖的南边是一座大农场。 In front of our school is a newly-built playground. 我们学校前面是一座新建的游戏场。 3.主系表结构中表语置于句首，且谓语动词是be动词。 Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授和许多其他客人。 Standing beside the desk was a teacher. 站在桌子旁边的是一位老师。 Seated on the ground are a group of young people. 地上坐着的是一群年轻人。 二、部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分(如助动词或情态动词等)放在主语之前。用法见下表： 条件 例句 “Only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。 具有否定意义的副词或短语，如 never，nor，hardly，seldom，scarcely，at no time，in/under no circumstances，by no means，in no case等置于句首。 Never before have I seen such a moving film. 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 Not a single mistake did he make.他一个错误也没犯。 条件 例句 “not only...but also...，no sooner... than...，hardly...when...”等结构中，否定词置于句首(这种结构中，只有前一分句用倒装)。 Not only did he buy a bike for me，but he also sent it to my house. 他不仅给我买了一辆自行车，而且还把它送到了我家。 not until开头的句子中 Not until late in the evening did he come back.直到深夜他才回来。 条件 例句 “so/such...that...”引导的句子中，“so/such＋被修饰的成分”置于句首。 So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光传播得如此之快，我们很难想象它的速度。 Such a nice man is he that we all believe him.他是个如此好的人，以至于我们都相信他。 条件 例句 以so/neither/nor引导的句子，表示前面提出的情况也适合于后者。 She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 If you don’t go，neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city. 2.When John looks up，here (come) the teacher with a look in her eyes that says what he did has been discovered. 3.Out (rush) a woman with a baby in her arms after a big bang from the kitchen. 达标检测 lies comes rushed 4.So quickly the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 5.—Marx looks nervous. —So you. did do Ⅱ.完成句子 1.志愿者们不仅给村民们运送物资，而且还为他们建造避难所。 but also they built shelters for them. 2.接着传来了这个令人不安的消息，老将军病重了。 the old general had become seriously ill. Not only did volunteers deliver supplies to the villagers Then came the disturbing news that 3.我永远也忘不了你对我和我的家人展现的善良和温暖。 that you showed me and my family. 4.他如此紧张，以至于他感到舌头打结，手心出汗。 he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. 5.山脚下坐落着一所著名的中学，那是许多孩子开始追逐梦想的地方。 ，where many children begin to pursue their dreams. Never will I forget the kindness and warmth So nervous was he that At the foot of the mountain lies a famous middle school Ⅲ.根据汉语意思，用倒装句补全下面的短文 My Experience of Learning English Once I had no interest in English，so I often failed in English tests.Not until I came to senior high school 1._________________________ (我才意识到英语的重要性).I spared no effort to improve my English.2. (上课时我很少会感到无聊了).Besides，I turned to my teacher for help.After talking with him，I learned some valuable tips：Not only 3.________________________________ (我应该花时间记忆) useful words and beautiful sentences，but I should get the hang of them. did I realize the importance of English Seldom did I feel bored during class should I spend time remembering 4. (只有通过这样做我才能不断地取得进步).With great efforts，finally，I had a good command of English and entered a key university.5. (我决不会忘记) my experience of learning English. Only by doing so can I make increasing progress Never will I forget 训练2 19 A To deal with the lack of light so far beneath the surface of the ocean，many deep-sea creatures employ a form of bioluminescence(生物发光)，a chemical reaction in their bodies that produces light but not heat. Ⅰ.阅读理解 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了深海生物身体结构特点、生存方式和所面临的问题。 Biologists believe bioluminescence serves several functions.First，for some fish，it acts like a flashlight by enabling them to see as they swim while in others，it helps them attract mates.And some creatures use their light to draw in other sea life，which is then attacked and consumed.However，bioluminescence is a poor substitute for sunlight，so many deep-sea creatures have developed extra sensors to assist them.For example，some have evolved stronger senses of smell to detect the chemical scents sent out by members of the same species，which enable them to find mates. While going down deeper，the water places intense pressures on everything.To avoid being crushed，many creatures have evolved by becoming smaller as opposed to the more inflexible body structures of animals living near the surface.And some creatures have specialized molecular structures that help them better withstand the pressure.The molecules they are made up of，are common in all fish and are responsible for the distinct smell most fish have，but fish living at great depths have more of them and therefore have an even more intense smell. The temperature of the water here stays between －1℃ and 4℃，which is cold enough to freeze most life.Some animals move at slow speeds to conserve energy.Some spots on the ocean floor release energy from the Earth’s interior.Around these hot spots，many life forms reside，and they have established their own unique ecosystems. Another problem is food.There is a distinct lack of sea life for predators to catch so that many others depend on marine snow，the remains of dead fish falling from levels above the deepest parts of the ocean.Deep-sea creatures frequently have slower metabolisms that enable them to survive for long periods of time on small amounts of food.Since many creatures living deep in the ocean have multiple adaptations，they not only survive but also thrive. 1.What is bioluminescence used for? A.Producing heat. B.Searching for food. C.Attacking predators. D.Detecting special smells. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段中“And some creatures use their light to draw in other sea life，which is then attacked and consumed.”可知，生物发光可以用于寻找食物。故选B。 解析 2.How do deep-sea creatures differ from those living near the surface of the ocean? A.They are much bigger. B.They have a stronger smell. C.They can move more swiftly. D.They are made up of fewer molecules. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，深海生物与那些生活在海洋表面附近的生物的不同之处在于它们有一种更强烈的气味。故选B。 解析 3.Why does the author mention the Earth’s interior in paragraph 3? A.To describe freezing temperatures. B.To explore the use of heat energy. C.To stress intense water pressures. D.To explain the special ecosystems. √ 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知，作者在第三段提到了地球的内部是为了解释特殊生态系统。故选D。 解析 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A.How marine snow is created. B.How deep-sea creatures survive. C.What most sea creatures look like. D.Why some fish have slower metabolisms. √ 主旨大意题。根据第一段首句以及最后一段中“Since many creatures living deep in the ocean have multiple adaptations，they not only survive but also thrive.”并结合文章主要介绍了深海生物身体结构特点、生存方式和所面临的问题可知，文章主要讲了深海生物如何生存。故选B。 解析 B Climate change leads to threat to the world’s sandy beaches，and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100，a new study has found.Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognizable from what we see today，with 10% to 12% facing serious erosion(侵蚀). 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究显示，气候变化对世界上的海滩造成了威胁，到2100年将有一半的海滩消失。 Using updated sea level rise predictions，the researchers analyzed how beaches around the world would be in a future with higher seas and more damaging storms.They also considered natural processes like wave erosion，as well as human factors—like coastal building developments，all of which can affect a beach’s health.The study found that sea level rise is expected to outweigh(胜过) these other factors，and that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere，the worse the influences on the world’s beaches are likely to be. It’s hard to overstate just how important the world’s beaches are.They cover more than one third of the world’s coastlines，and protect coastal areas from storms.Beaches are also important economic engines，supporting relaxation，tourism and other activities.And in some areas，the beach is more than a vacation destination.In places like Australia，life near the coast revolves(围绕) around the beach for much of the year. Some of the world’s most popular beaches are already taking action.Places like Miami Beach are trucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up(修复) badly eroded shorelines，while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place.But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge，and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms，as well as a warmer climate，may make this a losing battle. However，the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the world’s beaches.If the world’s governments are able to continue cutting heat-trapping gas pollution，the researchers found that 22% of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented，a number that grows to 40% by 2100 if greenhouse gases are limited. 5.Which of the following mainly causes serious beach erosion? A.Higher seas. B.Human factors. C.Damaging storms. D.Wave erosion. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study found that sea level rise is expected to outweigh(胜过) these other factors...”可知，主要是更高的海平面导致严重的海滩侵蚀。故选A。 解析 6.What can we infer from paragraph 3? A.Storms damage one third of world’s coastlines. B.Significance of beaches can’t be underestimated. C.Economic activities may cause damage to beaches. D.Beaches are the only economic engine for Australia. √ 推理判断题。第三段通过具体举例强调了海滩对人类生活非常重要，由此得出海滩的重要性不容低估。故选B。 解析 7.How do scientists think of the actions taken to protect beaches? A.Costly but failed. B.Effective but not enough. C.Orderly but slow. D.Enormous but not constant. √ 观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句以及第五段第一句可知，科学家认为采取的这些保护海滩的行动是有效的，但是并不能够完全解决问题，故选B。 解析 8.What is the text mainly about? A.Actions have been taken to protect beaches. B.Beaches are facing the threat of disappearing. C.Life in coastal areas mainly depends on beaches. D.There exist challenges to protect eroded beaches. √ 主旨大意题。文章首段就点明了主题，气候变化对世界上的海滩造成了威胁，到2100年将有一半的海滩消失，由此得出文章主要讲海滩面临消失的威胁。故选B。 解析 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化导致地球温度上升，世界的森林正遭受意想不到的影响。 As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change，it is having unexpected effects on our world’s forests. Ⅱ.完形填空 When temperatures rise，trees close their skins to 1 the loss of water，and this，in turn，slows down the 2 of photosynthesis(光合作用). 1.A.protect B.prevent C.save D.free 2.A.movement B.situation C.process D.operation √ √ 1.protect保护；prevent阻止；save拯救；free释放。根据后文“the loss of water”及常识可知，树木将气孔闭合是为了阻止水分的流失。故选B。 2.movement活动；situation情况；process进程；operation操作。结合语境可知，树木闭合了气孔来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进程。故选C。 解析 As a result，these trees are shorter and grow slowly，as well as have a 3 death rate. 3.A.higher B.firmer C.lighter D.smaller √ higher更高的；firmer更坚固的；lighter更轻的，更明亮的；smaller更小的。根据上文“these trees are shorter and grow slowly”可知树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高。故选A。 解析 Climate change also increases the 4 of droughts and wildfires.After wildfires，it takes a while for the forest systems to 5 ，and in some cases，the forests are 6 permanently. 4.A.choice B.measure C.qualification D.chance 5.A.grow B.rescue C.recover D.decline 6.A.ignored B.lost C.hurt D.left √ √ √ 4.句意：气候变化也增加了出现干旱和野火的可能性。choice选择；measure测量；qualification资格；chance可能性，机会。故选D。 5.grow生长；rescue营救；recover恢复；decline下降。结合语境及常识可知，野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复。故选C。 6.ignored被忽视的；lost无法恢复的；hurt受伤的；left被丢下的。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森林，森林需要很长时间来恢复，而且某些情况下，森林也可能永远不能恢复了。故选B。 解析 Trees that are stressed are also 7 to attacks by bacteria.In tropical forests，vines that use the trees as 8 can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. 7.A.accessible B.enjoyable C.acceptable D.favorable 8.A.attention B.command C.trust D.support √ √ 7.accessible易接近的；enjoyable快乐的；acceptable可接受的；favorable赞成的。根据后文“to attacks by bacteria”可知，树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。短语be accessible to意为“容易进入的，容易接近的”。故选A。 8.句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物经常会使树木窒息，并剥夺树木的营养。attention注意力；command命令；trust信任；support支撑，支持。故选D。 解析 Finally，humans have 9 the forest landscape through logging.When trees are replanted on the soil，they will never grow as large as the 10 trees that were cut down. 9.A.frightened B.paid C.ruined D.wasted 10.A.common B.original C.distant D.strong √ √ 9.frighten使害怕；pay支付；ruin毁灭；waste浪费。结合后文“the forest landscape through logging”可知人类伐木毁坏了森林景观。故选C。 10.common普通的；original原来的；distant遥远的；strong强壮的。结合后文“trees that were cut down”可知此处指的是人们新种植的树木不会长得像原来被砍伐的树木那么高大了。故选B。 解析 As these forests disappear，species that once called them “home” are forced to change， 11 the variety of those systems. 12 ，some endangered species are unable to 13 and die. 11.A.affecting B.improving C.forgetting D.reflecting 12.A.Besides B.Surprisingly C.Otherwise D.Unfortunately 13.A.devote B.keep C.adapt D.lead √ √ √ 11.句意：随着这些森林的消失，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫改变，对这些系统的多样性产生了影响。affect影响；improve改善；forget忘记；reflect反射。故选A。 12.besides而且；surprisingly惊人地；otherwise否则；unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“some endangered species are unable to and die”可知，这是不幸的事。故选D。 13.devote献身；keep保持；adapt适应；lead带领。根据上文“species that once called them ‘home’ are forced to change”可知，物种被迫发生改变，而某些物种无法适应，只能死去。故选C。 解析 Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world.When forests die，younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller 14 poor vegetation. 14.A.due to B.in addition to C.instead of D.in spite of √ due to由于，因为；in addition to另外；instead of而不是；in spite of尽管。根据后文“poor vegetation”可知，此处指幼龄林由于植被不良，而变得更弱更小。故选A。 解析 With trees dying increasingly and continuously，will future generations 15 out on the wonders of forests? 15.A.pass B.miss C.break D.bring √ 句意：随着树木不断地死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？短语miss out on意为“错过”。故选B。 解析 本课结束 $