Unit 1 Section Ⅴ Extended reading（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第二册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本讲义围绕“拒绝毒品”主题展开拓展阅读，系统梳理从速读（整体理解文意、悉篇章结构）到细读（深度获取细节、词义猜测），再到读后语言应用（语法填空、句式分析、词块积累、写作仿写）的学习支架，帮助学生构建完整阅读能力体系。 该资料亮点在于分层阅读设计与语言能力、思维品质的融合，如通过it作形式主语、虚拟条件句等句式分析提升语言理解与表达，细读细节题培养分析推断能力。配套图片辅助理解，课中助力教师分层教学，课后词块默写和写作练习帮助学生巩固应用，弥补知识盲点。

Section Ⅴ　Extended reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．Staying away from drugs for the sake of our health and happiness. B．Reasons for using drugs. C．Ways to avoid using drugs. D．Damage of using drugs. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Part 1 (para.1)　　　 It’s everyone’s responsibility to say no to drugs. Part 2 (paras.2－3)　　 Dangers of drug abuse (to individuals，families and society) Part 3 (para.4) Reasons for drug use Part 4 (para.5) Ways to protect ourselves from drugs Part 5 (para.6) Say no to any kind of drug. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．How does the police officer develop his idea in the first paragraph? A．By giving some pictures. B．By making comparisons. C．By sharing his own experiences. D．By exaggerating the scale of drug abuse. 答案　C 2．Why can’t a drug user make sensible decisions? A．Because his family is torn apart. B．Because his heart can’t function properly. C．Because he has put others in great danger. D．Because he has lost his ability of controlling his own mind. 答案　D 3．What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The harm of drug abuse to individuals. B．The harm of drug abuse to families and society. C．The reason why the criminal underworld develops so quickly. D．The reason why so many people start taking drugs. 答案　B 4．Which word has the closest meaning to the word “fabric” in the last sentence of paragraph 3? A．Structure. B．Cloth. C．Value. D．Impact. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Drug abuse has become such a serious global problem 1.that it is everyone’s responsibility to say no to drugs.Drug abuse hurts 2.an individual drug user both physically and mentally.The most serious health conditions 3.associated(associate) with drug abuse include heart problems，kidney failure，liver damage and a weakened immune system.Moreover，drugs interfere with a person’s ability 4.to make(make) sensible decisions.Besides，drug abuse destroys families and 5.impacts(impact) society as a whole.To protect yourself 6.from/against drug abuse，you should learn more about drugs and choose where you go and who you spend time with 7.carefully(careful)．If necessary，you can seek 8.assistance(assist) from an adult.In conclusion，the 9.most effective(effective) way to avoid all the problems caused by the use of drugs is not to use them in the 10.first(one) place. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．As a police officer who has spent many years working(work) in the front line of the fight against drugs，I have witnessed，all too often，the destructive impact that drugs can have on/upon individuals，families and the wider community.(P11，Para.1) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。主句为I have witnessed，all too often，the destructive impact；who引导限制性定语从句，修饰a police officer；that引导限制性定语从句，修饰the destructive impact。 汉语翻译：作为一名在禁毒斗争前线工作多年的警察，我已经太多次目睹毒品对个人、家庭甚至整个社区造成的破坏性影响。 2．I have seen how drugs can destroy people’s physical and mental well-being and ruin young lives(life) before they even begin.(P11，Para.1) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。how引导宾语从句，其中can destroy和ruin为从句的并列谓语；before引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：我见过毒品如何毁掉人们的身心健康，年轻的生命甚至还没开始就被摧毁。 3．Drug users sometimes lie and steal to fuel their(they) habit，while ignoring the responsibilities they have to their families.(P11，Para.3) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。while ignoring...为状语从句的省略；they have to their families为省略关系词的限制性定语从句，修饰the responsibilities。 汉语翻译：吸毒者有时会通过撒谎、偷窃等方式来维持自己吸毒的习惯，而忽视了他们对家庭应尽的责任。 4．Under the influence of drugs，drug users may exhibit violent (violence) behaviour and sometimes even commit criminal acts，threatening public safety.(P12，Para.3) 句式分析：此句是简单句。“drug users...criminal acts”是主谓宾结构，threatening public safety为现在分词短语作结果状语。 汉语翻译：在毒品的影响下，吸毒者可能会表现出暴力行为，有时甚至还会从事犯罪活动，对公共安全造成威胁。 5．You should learn more about drugs，especially new designer drugs，which are incredibly(incredible) dangerous.(P12，Para.5) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。主句为You should learn more about drugs，especially new designer drugs；which引导非限制性定语从句。 汉语翻译：你应该了解更多关于毒品的知识，尤其是新型毒品，它们非常危险。 6．The more you know about the terrible consequences of taking drugs，the more likely you are to stay(stay) away from them. 句式分析：此句中The more...the more...意为“越……就越……”。 汉语翻译：你越了解吸毒的可怕后果，就越会远离毒品。 7．The most effective way to avoid all the problems caused(cause) by the use of drugs is not to use them in the first place.(P12，Para.6) 句式分析：此句是简单句。句子的主干为主系表结构；to avoid all the problems为to do 不定式作后置定语，修饰way; not to use them in the first place为to do 不定式作表语。 汉语翻译：要避免吸毒带来的所有问题，最有效的方法就是从一开始就不要吸毒。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 it作形式主语 According to the 2021 World Drug Report，it is estimated that around 275 million people used drugs worldwide and over 36 million people suffered from drug use disorders in the last year.(P11，Para.1) 根据2021年《世界毒品报告》的估计，过去一年中全世界有约2.75亿人吸毒，超过3 600万人患有毒品滥用导致的疾病。 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。其中it 在句中作形式主语，that 引导的从句为真正的主语。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————it作形式主语的用法如下： •it is ＋ adj.＋ for/of sb ＋ to do sth •it is no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth •it is important/necessary/natural that... •it occurs to/strikes/hits sb that... •it is said/reported/believed that... •it is a pity/a shame that... •it happens/seems that... ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(话题写作之环境保护)作为高中生，我们有必要保护海洋，海洋对我们人类至关重要。 As high school students, it is necessary for us to protect the oceans，which are crucial to our human beings. (2)真遗憾你没有亲自看足球比赛，因为他的表现太令人惊叹了。 It was a pity that you didn’t watch the football game in person，because his performance was too amazing. (3)(读后续写之场景描写)天空满是黑压压的云。看起来好像要下雨了。 Dark clouds cover the sky.It seems that it is going to rain. (4)People generally believe that IT has both advantages and disadvantages. →It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.(it作形式主语) 省略if的虚拟条件句 Last but not least，should you ever come under pressure to use drugs，you must immediately seek assistance from an adult who you look up to，such as a family member，a teacher or a doctor.(P12，Para.5) 最后但同样重要的是，如果你面临吸毒的压力，你必须立即向你尊敬的成年人寻求帮助，比如家人、老师或医生。 句式分析：Last but not least为连接词；should you ever come...为省略if的虚拟条件句，其完整形式为if you should ever come...；who引导定语从句，修饰an adult。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————若if虚拟条件句中使用了were，should，had，可以省略if，此时从句需要使用部分倒装，即把were，should，had放在主语之前。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)如果明天下雨的话，我们就不会去户外烧烤了。 Were it to rain/Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go for a barbecue in the open air. (2)如果我是医生的话，我会志愿为感染这种病毒的人服务。 Were I a doctor，I would volunteer to work for the people infected with the virus. (3)如果我早听从了你的建议，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。 Had I followed your advice earlier，I would have passed the important exam. 课文重点词块默写 1．有太多时候，太过频繁all too often 2．对……有影响 have an impact on 3．对……上瘾 become addicted to 4．遭受；患(病)suffer from 5．与……有联系be associated with 6．干扰interfere with 7．在……的影响下under the influence of 8．不再no longer 9．掌握着；控制in control of 10．可能做某事be likely to do sth 11．将……置于巨大的危险中put...in great danger 12．除……以外apart from 13．作为一个整体as a whole 14．出于好奇out of curiosity 15．把……视为regard...as 16．首先first of all 17．远离stay away from 18．用……包围/围绕surround...with... 19．依靠，指望count on 20．敬仰，尊敬look up to 21．总之in conclusion 22．起初；首先in the first place 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) 1．随着更多传染病的传播，在生活中注意我们的个人卫生是很重要的。(infectious；hygiene；it作形式主语) With more infectious diseases spreading, it’s important to pay attention to our personal hygiene in life. 2．养成健康的习惯可以阻止病毒的传播，我们应该高度重视这一点，同时不要放松警惕。(attach；which引导非限制性定语从句) Forming healthy habits can stop the spread of virus，which we should attach great importance to，and at the same time we can’t drop our guard. 3．为了防止我们自己被传染，我们每天都需要做几件事。(that引导限制性定语从句) In order to keep ourselves from being infected, there are several things that we need to do every day. 4．我们在洗手的时候要遵循正确的步骤，尤其是在饭前。(状语从句的省略) We should follow the right steps while washing hands，especially before meals. 5．我们在个人防护方面做得越好，越有可能有效地抵御病毒。(fight off；the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) The better we do in personal protection，the more likely we are to fight off the virus effectively. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Pay Attention to Our Personal Hygiene With more infectious diseases spreading，it’s important to pay attention to our personal hygiene in life. Forming healthy habits can stop the spread of virus，which we should attach great importance to，and at the same time we can’t drop our guard.In order to keep ourselves from being infected，there are several things that we need to do every day.To begin with，we should follow the right steps while washing hands，especially before meals，and I do believe it’ll protect our bodies from being hurt by many diseases.Besides，it is essential for us to take showers and wash clothes regularly. In conclusion，the better we do in personal protection，the more likely we are to fight off the virus effectively. 训练4　Extended reading [分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Where should you live？How should you spend your time？For centuries，people have relied on their instincts to figure out the answers to these life-changing questions.But there is a better way now.We are living through a data explosion，as vast amounts of information about all aspects of human behaviour have become more and more accessible. We can use this big data to help determine the best course to chart.Researchers have found algorithms can be much better than people at making difficult decisions.The power of data analysis has been proved in the sports and business worlds，too.As made famous by the book and movie Moneyball，baseball teams found that algorithms were better than managers at picking strategies. But stats have had surprisingly little impact on our personal lives.One major problem is that good data about life’s biggest personal questions has been difficult to gain.Consider this question：what makes people happy？Some have revealed the activities that provide far more enjoyment than most of us would have guessed，such as exercising，going to a museum and gardening.Then there are the things that give us less pleasure than we might assume，such as playing video games，watching TV and browsing the Internet.Another way to be happier is moving house.They found that when people moved from an unhappy city to a happier place，their overall mood improved. There are early days of the data revolution in personal decision-making.A study of tens of millions of children has found the places that increase their future earnings most.Another shows certain cities can improve one’s life expectancy.I am not claiming that we can completely base our lifestyle choices on algorithms，though we might get to that point in the future.I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically improve our decision-making by consulting evidence from millions of people who faced dilemmas similar to ours via big data. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们现在可以依靠可访问的大数据，做出更好的决定。 1．How can people make better decisions now? A．By doing plenty of interviews. B．By relying on accessible big data. C．By using common sense of life. D．By following others’ life behavior. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，人们现在可以依靠可访问的大数据，做出更好的决定。故选B。 2．Why is the movie Moneyball mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To suggest managers handle their players. B．To inform data can improve players’ skills. C．To show baseball is popular in sports world. D．To prove algorithms can make better decisions. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可推知，这里提到电影《点球成金》是为了证明算法可以做出更好的决策。故选D。 3．What makes people happier than we guess according to paragraph 3? A．Visiting a museum. B．Surfing the Internet. C．Playing video games. D．Moving to a bigger city. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some have revealed the activities that provide far more enjoyment than most of us would have guessed，such as exercising，going to a museum and gardening.”可知，参观博物馆让人们比我们猜测的更幸福。故选A。 4．What does the author conclude in the end? A．The big data can increase our future earnings. B．The big data can prolong our life expectancy. C．We can improve decision-making via big data. D．We can develop our lifestyle in different ways. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，最后的结论是我们可以通过大数据来改善决策。故选C。 B Eating chocolate at least once a week could stave off a heart attack，according to new research.Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow，explained scientists. Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said，“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades.A total of 336,289 people reported their intake.Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent.This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week. Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love.But evidence is growing that its reputation as a “guilty pleasure” is wrong.Dr Krittanawong said，“Chocolate contains heart healthy nutrients such as flavonoids，methylxanthines，polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.” Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白)，it helps to rid LDL(low-density lipoprotein) out of the body.When this collects，it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up.It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain，causing a heart attack or stroke.Dr Krittanawong said，“In the past，clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.” Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits，but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart.Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate is more beneficial or if there is an ideal portion size.He said，“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease.But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.” While it’s not clear how much is perfect，Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating.He said，“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症，促进血液流动，有利于我们的健康。 5．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The result of the study. B．The process of the study. C．The participants of the study. D．The intention of the study. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.”和最后两句“Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent.This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.”可知，本段主要是介绍Krittanawong博士的研究结果。故选A。 6．Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow? A．A heart attack. B．A stroke. C．High-density lipoprotein. D．Low-density lipoprotein. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候，它会造成动脉血管堵塞，从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通，最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D。 7．What does the recent study tell us? A．Chocolate is good for blood pressure. B．Dark chocolate is beneficial to health. C．Milk chocolate may also benefit the heart. D．Chocolate contains special plant chemicals. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段首句中的“but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart”可知，牛奶巧克力对心脏可能也有好处。故选C。 8．What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude toward chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease? A．Indifferent. B．Hopeful. C．Negative. D．Uncertain. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease.”可知，Krittanawong博士对于巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用还是充满信心的。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) It all began when I moved to Dallas in the fourth grade.I 1 that I was behind in my reading at Saint Michael’s School.Reading out loud，I had difficulty with half the 2 .My teacher，Mrs Agnew，said my reading comprehension and ability to 3 words were at a lower level than other fourth graders.She suggested that I be tested for dyslexia(阅读障碍)．The test made me feel uncomfortable，and I was 4 to answer the questions，in fear of facing the 5 . The test results showed that I had developmental dyslexia.At first I felt discouraged by this diagnosis(诊断)， 6 eventually，I became determined to 7 my disability.I got tutors and speech therapy.I would read difficult books，hoping to 8 the confidence I had in myself. I had finally overcome my learning disability.But even though I had conquered(征服) one of the biggest 9 in my life，I still felt like something was missing. The missing link was 10 when I walked down the halls of the hospital as a 11 ，the same hospital where I had once stayed，nervous and confused.Because I felt so lucky to have got so much help from this facility，I wanted to 12 by helping patients here. One day a little girl in a wheelchair asked me to read a book to her.I read the book very 13 so that she could understand the story.When I left，the girl thanked me for reading to her.Eight years ago I would have 14 to read a book to this little girl，but now I am 15 .I had overcome my disability and was helping others to overcome theirs. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在小时候被确诊患有阅读障碍，通过他人的帮助及自己的决心作者最终克服了这一挑战，作者长大后以志愿者的身份重新回到医院，来帮助这里的病人，以回报自己曾经受过的帮助。 1．A.declared B．assumed C．recommended D．noticed 答案　D 解析　由下句可知，作者是在大声阅读时注意到自己在阅读方面有困难的，B选项assume“假设”，不符合句意；A、C与句意无关，故选D。 2．A.sentences B．lectures C．dictionaries D．chances 答案　A 解析　由下句中的“reading comprehension”可知，作者是在读句子上有困难，故选A。 3．A.choose B．exchange C．pronounce D．write 答案　C 解析　该空对应前文“Reading out loud”，说明是发音的能力，故选C。 4．A.motivated B．scared C．confused D．disappointed 答案　B 解析　由前文“The test made me feel uncomfortable”以及后文“in fear of”可知，作者害怕回答问题。故选B。 5．A.threat B．risk C．trick D．failure 答案　D 解析　由前文可知，作者知道自己在理解句子和阅读的能力方面有问题，所以不敢做这个测试，害怕失败，故选D。 6．A.but B．so C．or D．unless 答案　A 解析　由上下文“I felt discouraged”“I became determined”可知此处应表示转折，故选A。 7．A.deny B．lose C．overcome D．hide 答案　C 解析　由后文“I had finally overcome my learning disability.”可知，此处表示作者下定决心克服自己的阅读障碍。故选C。 8．A.shake B．share C．express D．increase 答案　D 解析　句意：我会读一些难懂的书，希望能增强我对自己的信心。结合句意和选项可知，D项符合题意。 9．A.challenges B．secrets C．decisions D．mistakes 答案　A 解析　由全文可知，作者的阅读障碍对作者来说一个挑战，其他选项均不符合句意，故选A。 10．A.mentioned B．filled C．recommended D．assessed 答案　B 解析　句意：当我作为志愿者走在医院的大厅中时，我缺失的一环被填补上了。结合句意和选项可知，B项符合句意。 11．A.relative B．visitor C．volunteer D．patient 答案　C 解析　由前文可知，作者克服了阅读障碍，所以不再是patient，再由后文“helping patients here”以及作者为小女孩读书可知，作者应是以志愿者的身份重回医院，故选C。 12．A.turn away B．cut in C．hold on D．give back 答案　D 解析　结合上文可知，此处表示作者曾经从这个机构中获得了很多帮助，所以现在也想通过帮助其他病人来回报他人。故选D。 13．A.properly B．sincerely C．slowly D．softly 答案　C 解析　so that表承接，作者为了能让这个小女孩听懂，所以应是读的很慢，故选C。 14．A.dared B．hesitated C．attempted D．happened 答案　B 解析　由关键词“Eight years ago”可知，那时作者还有阅读障碍，所以对给小女孩读书会感到犹豫，故选B。 15．A.confident B．independent C．careful D．grateful 答案　A 解析　由but可知前后句意相反，前半句说曾经的作者会对这个举动感到犹豫，所以后半句应该表示作者现在不再害怕、犹豫，同时confident也与第二段的confidence相呼应，故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $