Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第二册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本讲义聚焦高中英语词汇学习核心知识点，系统梳理重点词汇（如respiratory, mask等）、拓展词汇（派生词如infect→infection, vary→variety）及阅读词汇（如coronavirus, pandemic），通过词汇用法（如vary from...to...）、短语辨析（如pull together）、语境含义（一词多义、熟词生义）及应用练习（拼写、语法填空）构建从基础理解到综合应用的学习支架，形成完整词汇知识脉络。 该资料特色在于多维度提升语言能力与思维品质，“悟拓展词汇”通过词形变化构建词汇网络，助力学生掌握语言知识体系；“一词多义”结合语境分析词汇含义，如multiply的“繁殖、乘、增加”用法，培养逻辑思维。设计写作佳句（如申请信中用various advantages）和语法填空练习，课中辅助教师分层教学，课后帮助学生巩固应用，查漏补缺，有效提升学习能力。

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．respiratory adj.呼吸的 2．soap n．肥皂 3．mask n．口罩，面罩，面具；假面具；面膜；伪装，掩饰 vt.掩饰，掩藏 4．sore adj.疼痛的，酸痛的 5．throat n．咽喉，喉咙 6．underlying adj.根本的，潜在的，隐含的 7. liver n．肝 8．lining n．(身体器官内壁的)膜；衬层，内衬，衬里 9．medication n．药，药物 10．dose n．(药的)一剂，一服；一份，一次，一点 11．span n．持续时间；范围 vt.持续，贯穿；包括，涵盖；横跨 12．ransom n．赎金 vt.(为某人)交付赎金 13．spam n．滥发的电邮，垃圾电邮 14．patch n．修补(程序)，补丁 15．disorder n．失调，紊乱，疾病；杂乱，混乱，凌乱；骚乱，动乱 16．underworld n．黑社会，黑道，犯罪集团 17．rash n．皮疹，疹 adj.轻率的，鲁莽的 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．multiply vi.& vt.(使)繁殖，增殖；成倍增加；乘，乘以→multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 n．倍数 2．infect vt.传染，使感染；传染，使感染(计算机病毒)；使感染(某种感情)，影响→infectious adj.感染的，传染性的；有感染力的→infected adj.带菌的；受细菌污染的；受病毒感染的→infection n．传染病；感染；传染 3．transmit vt.传播，传染；传(热、声等)，透(光等)；传送，输送 vi.传送，输送→transmission n．传输；传递；传送；传达；传染；(电子信号、信息或广播、电视节目的)播送 4．vary vt.变更；改变 vi.相异，不同→variety n．多样性；变化；种类→variant n．变种，变体，变形→various adj.各种各样的 5．irritate vt.刺激；使烦恼→irritation n．生气，恼怒；恼人事；烦心事；刺激→irritating adj.恼人的；使人生气的→irritated adj.生气的；恼怒的 6．prescribe vt.让……采用(疗法)，给……开(药)，开(处方)；规定，命令，指示→prescription n．处方，药方；计划；建议 7．exceed vt.超过，超出；超越(限制)→excessive adj.过分的，过度的→excess n．超过，过量；无节制，无度 8．attach vt.把……固定；附上；附属，依附；依恋→attached adj.附属的；所附的；热爱的→attachment n．附件；依恋；爱慕；(机器的)附件；连接，连接物；暂时隶属于 9．interfere vi.干涉，干预，介入→interference n．干涉，干预 10．exhibit vt.表现，显示，显出(感情、品质或能力)；展览，展出 vi.展览，展出 n．(一件)展览品，陈列品→exhibition n．展览，展出；表现，展示 11．chill n．着凉，受寒；寒冷，寒意，凉意→chilly adj.阴冷的；寒冷的；不友好的；冷漠的 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．This kind of infectious disease is caused by a new strain of coronavirus. n．冠状病毒 2．Common symptoms can include fever，tiredness，a dry cough，a headache and loss of taste or smell.n.症状 3．Governments developed and pursued clear policies in response to the sudden outbreak of the pandemic.n.(全国或全球性)流行病，大流行病 4．For instance，it favours cool，dry conditions and crowded indoor spaces with poor ventilation. n.通风 5．Firstly，maintaining personal hygiene is essential.n.卫生 6．As most of us now use the Internet as part of our daily life，an awareness of cybercrime is essential，if we want to avoid becoming a victim.n.网络犯罪 7．Shortly after the man died，doctors removed the healthy kidney from the donor.n.肾，肾脏 8．Some claim that she still has connections with the criminal underworld，but I don’t think so. n.黑社会，黑道，犯罪集团 variant n．变种，变体，变形 (vary vt.变更；改变 vi.相异，不同 variety n．多样性；变化；种类 various adj.各种各样的) •vary from...to...在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等 •a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 (1)The statistics vary from 30% to 50%，which is unexpected. (2)There are various reasons for the infectious disease，varying from damp conditions to shady spaces without ventilation.(vary) (3)Much to our delight，the test is used to diagnose a variety(vary) of diseases，helping the doctors in many aspects. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之申请信)我足够成熟，并且可以帮助你举办很多活动。除此以外，我还有多种优势，包括流利的英语、良好的交流技能和卓越的使用电脑的能力。 I am mature enough and can help you hold many activities.Besides，I have various/a variety of/varieties of advantages，including fluent English，good communication skills and excellent computer competence. pull together 齐心协力，通力合作 pull down推翻，拆毁；使扫兴 pull in进站停靠；驶向路边停靠 pull through (帮……)康复；(协助……)完成，渡过难关 pull up (车辆或司机)停车；停止 [用pull短语的正确形式填空] (1)To her surprise，the cab pulled up and the driver who resolved to escape the cab jumped out immediately. (2)In order to keep pace with the development of the economy，several houses will be pulled down to make way for the new road. (3)As the train pulled in，he made a final inspection of the spotless buffet car. (4)We were anxious to know whether she had pulled through，so we visited her. (5)We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses. [写作佳句] (6)(应用文写作之建议信)建议你们平静下来，保持乐观，这会帮助你的家庭齐心协力熬过困难时期。 It is advisable for you to compose yourselves and keep optimistic，which will help your family pull together to get through the hard time. attachment n．附件；依恋；爱慕；(机器的)附件；连接，连接物；暂时隶属于 (attach vt.把……固定；附上；附属，依附；依恋 attached adj.附着的；依恋的) •attach...to...把……固定到……上 attach importance/value to认为……重要/有价值；重视 •be attached to依恋；爱慕；附属于 (1)We have made it a rule that we attach labels to things before we file them away. (2)I slipped in and gingerly set the prize cup on my teacher’s desk with a note attached(attach)，saying，“It’s a glory for both of us！” (3)Our professor attaches great importance to the research，so all of us ought to spare no effort to do it well. [写作佳句] (4)(读后续写之情绪描写)当我看到这个纸袋的时候，我的眼里涌出了泪水。里面是两个汉堡，两根火腿，还有一张20美元的纸币，纸币上附着一张便条，上面写着：“善意是免费的。照顾好自己。” When I saw the paper bag，tears welled up in my eyes.Inside were two hamburgers and two pieces of ham as well as a 20-dollar bill to which a note was attached，reading，“Kindness is free.Take care.” fight off 抵抗，击退 fight for为……而战 fight against与……作斗争 fight to do sth努力做某事 [用fight的相关短语完成片段] (应用文写作之投稿)然而，污染和过度开采(overexploitation)使美丽的海洋处于危险中。我们所有人都应该努力保护我们的海洋。所以，是时候我们与其他国家一道来努力平衡经济需求和海洋环境了。我们有责任禁止一些污染活动，以此抵抗污染和过度开采。只有当每一个人都意识到保护海洋的重要性的时候，我们才能为人类共享的未来而战。 However，pollution and overexploitation put the beautiful oceans at risk.All of us should fight to protect our oceans. So，it is high time we fought/should fight with other countries to balance the economic needs and ocean environment.We are responsible for forbidding some polluting activities，thus fighting off pollution and overexploitation.Only when everyone realizes the importance of protecting our oceans will we fight for a shared future for mankind. Ⅰ.一词多义 multiply A.大大增加，倍增　B.乘，乘以　C.增殖，繁殖 1．Multiply this number by 6 to get your heart rate per minute. B 2．Since then，arguments for and against homework have continued to multiply. A 3．These creatures began to multiply very rapidly in clean places and in warm temperatures. C exhibit A.vt.表现，显示　B.vt.展览，展出　C.n.展览品，陈列品 4．No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission. C 5．This museum will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. B 6．From a very early age，some children exhibit better self-control than others. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．Dina lit a cigarette，trying to mask her nervousness.掩盖；掩饰 2．They were accused of contaminating the minds of our young people.毒害 3．It would be rash to assume that everyone will agree with you on this issue.轻率的，鲁莽的 4．At length the crisis of the old man’s disorder was past，and he began to recover.疾病 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Under certain conditions these cells attach themselves and multiply(繁殖) quickly. 2．There is a 40% probability that the population will be infected with coronavirus. 3．It is surprising that this game is a variant of baseball，which is popular among us students. 4．The underlying meaning of the poem is beyond his grasp. 5．The research showed that some drugs can irritate the lining of the stomach. 6．They may affect everyone，regardless of whether they have a mental disorder(紊乱) or not. 7．The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries. 8．That is your own affair；we do not interfere(干涉) with your problems. 9．Recently physicians have discovered that stomach ulcers are caused by a bacterium that exists in the lining (膜) of the stomach. 10．Some physicians have subscribed to the view that they should prescribe a medication(药物) for the patient in order to make his life longer. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Money is just an attachment(attach)，not the final destination.Therefore，we shouldn’t attach too much importance to it. 2．We are organizing an exhibition(exhibit) for students eager to know more about Confucius. 3．We are convinced that as long as all of us pull together，we are bound to win the fight. 4．We are amazed to be told that the quagga(白氏斑马) is a strikingly beautiful variant(vary) of the zebra. 5．When your body has all the nutrients it needs，you’re better able to fight off infections. 6．I wish everyone would stop interfering(interfere) and just leave me alone. 7．On a chilly(chill) morning，Tom was wandering on the street when a wallet caught his attention. 8．All the organizations concerned with these areas of health must join forces with each other. 9．It is a highly infectious disease，but do remember that good hygiene helps to minimize the risk of infection.(infect) 10．In the Second World War，England fought against Germany and Japan. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $