Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition（配套课件PPT）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第二册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

该高中英语课件聚焦语言文体（正式与非正式语体），通过2022北京高考书面表达实例导入，分析句子语体特征，再经语法总览、精讲系统梳理两类语体的词汇、结构特点，最后以达标检测巩固，构建从实例感知到理论应用的学习支架。 其亮点是以真实高考语料为情境，结合对比表格与改写练习，培养语言能力（分析语篇语体）和思维品质（比较辨析），通过语篇训练提升学习能力。学生能掌握语体运用策略，教师可高效开展语法与写作教学。

Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition—Language styles Law and order Unit 4 阅读以下短文，体会语言文体，完成下面的练习。(填序号) (2022·北京，书面表达) Dear Jim， (1)How’s everything? I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.(2)Our classmates seem to be weak in organisation.(3)Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically，how to develop a paragraph，and how to structure an essay? 语境感悟 (4)The talk will be about an hour，and you can decide on a date at your convenience.(5)Please let me know which platform you’ll be using.(6)It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk. (7)Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua 本文中，句 中出现了比较复杂的词汇：organisation，logically，convenience，platform，session，属于正式语体；句______属于非正式语体。 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) (1)(7) 语法总览 语法精讲 英语有许多不同的语体，用何种语体取决于具体语境，如交际目的、交际对象、交际场合等。常见的语言文体分正式和非正式两种。正式语体常用于论文、报告、申请等正式场合，非正式语体常用于短信、私人通信、熟人聊天等非正式场合。 一、正式语体 1.正式语体比平时用语运用更多的复杂词汇，如多音节词。正式用语还常常运用单个动词(如establish)来代替简略的短语动词(如set up)。此外，正式语体的句子结构较复杂，通常使用被动语态或从句。如： Some teachers create an interesting situation in which the newly learnt grammar can be practised. 2.正式语体会使用比较多的抽象名词。如： We should give serious consideration to this matter. 3.正式语体应用于写作中时，语句一般较长，较为复杂，也应严格遵从语法规则。正式用语一般较为客观，常常运用it这样的非人称代词。 I would like you to come to my office to pick up the ticket. It didn’t seem worthwhile writing it all out again. 二、非正式语体 1.非正式语体对词汇的使用不拘一格，运用很多较短的单词(如fire，climb和 ask)，运用很多口语词汇(如stuff，fit，a lot of，thing和 sort of)，还会运用一些短语动词(如运用set up，而不用establish)。如： We exercise to keep fit. Come to my office for a ticket. 2.非正式语体的语言比较口语化和个人化。如： Help yourself. I’m all ears. 3.缩约形式(如常常运用it’s，而不是 it is)常用于非正式语体中。如： We’ve heard lots of reports on cybercrime. I’d like to pay some money into my account. 试比较： FORMAL INFORMAL How do you do？ What’s up？ It is a pleasure to meet you. Nice to meet you. At your earliest convenience. As soon as you can. I was concerned about you. I was worried about you. FORMAL INFORMAL Firstly... To start with/For a start... Give my regards to... Say hello to... Have you heard from her lately？ Heard from her lately？ Have you seen Tom？ Seen Tom？ I agree with my colleague，Anna，that... Anna’s right. Ⅰ.判断下面句子使用的是正式语体还是非正式语体 1.I’m quite interested in the Law Day. 2.There is a definite possibility that the Law Day can take place annually. 3.The Law Day is scheduled for 12 June. 4.I’m over the moon that Alice Ma is coming to the Law Day. 5.I’ve heard that the speakers are all supposed to be experts. 6.An email has been written to Alice Ma，to which we expect a reply soon. 达标检测 ___________ _________ _________ ___________ ___________ _________ 非正式语体 正式语体 正式语体 正式语体 非正式语体 非正式语体 Ⅱ.将下列句子改为正式语体 1.Law experts and police officers came. _______________________________________________________________ 2.The guest speakers and their activities were a big hit! _______________________________________________________________ 3.Representatives from the police held workshops and role-plays of some legal cases.They were involved in investigating these cases. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Law experts and police officers participated. The guest speakers and their activities were a huge success! Representatives from the police held workshops and role-plays of some legal cases，which they were involved in investigating. 4.How eager students were to take part in a variety of activities! We were pleased to see that. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5.We believe the practice is unsustainable. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________6.Sorry，but the delivery will be late because of weather. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ We were pleased to see how eager students were to take part in a variety of activities. It is believed that the practice is unsustainable./It is our belief that the practice is unsustainable. We regret to inform you that the delivery will be delayed due to unfavorable weather conditions. 训练2 15 A I was born in 1990—the year of the white horse.A girl born under this zodiac(生肖) is believed to have a wild steed-like(骏马般的) spirit that will be unrestrained，bringing her family trouble.As a girl growing up in South Korea，I was repeatedly told to fight against my steed-like spirit and instead try being still，gentle，and quiet. Ⅰ.阅读理解 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小喜欢户外探险，后来上了高中，选择了一个安静的职业：成为一名律师，结果发现法律预科的课程很无聊，于是去美国学习地质学，放弃了成为律师的想法，父母也支持作者的决定。 16 Actually，when I was young，I loved exploring the mountainous roads behind our house，examining the various soil layers in nearby fields and running wild outdoors.I often returned home with soiled clothes. Then I entered high school and settled on a quiet career choice: I would become a lawyer.My elders praised me for a decision they imagined would lead me to a respectable desk job.However，when I was accepted into a pre-law program，I found the courses boring.That’s when a teacher pushed me in a different direction.“You could always get a science degree，and go back into law，” she said. 17 I took her advice and landed in the United States to study geology(地质学).Shortly thereafter，though，culture shock set in.I was not ready for the intense physical requirements of my field courses.One 6-week summer course required long-distance hikes，camping in extreme heat，and heavy lifting.My cultural upbringing had discouraged such “wild” activities and I had never gone on extended hikes or camped before.But other women in my program were an inspiration.I saw beauty in their strength，and I wanted to be like them. 18 By the end of my undergraduate degree，I had fully accepted my love of being a tough girl.And I’d given up on the idea of becoming a lawyer.My parents didn’t quite know what to make of my adventurous field life.But they were supportive when I told them about the change in my career direction. I’m now a professional with years of experience collecting samples in challenging field environments.My wild，steed-like spirit wasn’t something to suppress.Instead，it led me to a career that’s a perfect fit for me. 19 1.What can we learn about the author in her childhood? A.She was a quiet and shy girl. B.She was encouraged to study hard. C.She brought a lot of trouble to her family. D.She had a love of outdoor exploration. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者童年酷爱户外探险。故选D。 解析 20 2.What was the reason for the author’s studying geology in the US? A.The dream of studying abroad. B.The difficulty of getting a law degree. C.Her boredom at the pre-law program courses. D.Her desire to act against her family member’s control. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However，when I was accepted into a pre-law program，I found the courses boring.”可知，作者去美国学习地质学的原因是她对法律预科课程的厌倦。故选C。 解析 21 3.What happened to the author when she started to learn geology? A.She was not interested in the field courses. B.She was looked down upon by other women. C.She failed her courses because of culture shock. D.She was not used to doing hard outdoor activities. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I was not ready for the intense physical requirements of my field courses...and I had never gone on extended hikes or camped before.”可知，作者开始学习地质学时，不习惯做艰苦的户外活动。故选D。 解析 22 4.What does the underlined word “suppress” in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Press on. B.Hold back. C.Count on. D.Support for. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“I’m now a professional with years of experience collecting samples in challenging field environments.My wild，steed-like spirit wasn’t something to”可知，作者现在是一名专业人员，多年在具有挑战性的野外环境中收集样本，说明作者狂野的、像骏马一样的精神是无法压抑的。故画线词意思是“压抑”，故选B。 解析 23 B Drone hobbyists will be required to register their aircraft with the government or face unspecified penalties(处罚)，the US Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) announced a new law on Monday. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)宣布了一项新法律，无人机爱好者将被要求向政府注册他们的飞机，否则将面临处罚。 24 The move is an attempt to prevent drones endangering air safety，as the number of complaints about errant(偏离的) flyers has skyrocketed in recent months，the FAA said. “We are certainly seeing a significant increase in reports，” Huerta，administrator of the FAA，said.“Clearly，this is an industry that is taking off.And there are a lot of activities taking place in the national airspace system.” 25 Drones are taking to the skies in groups，and the number of tiny flyers is expected to multiply in the coming years.Amazon and Google aim to use drones to deliver commercial goods in the next decade.Already this year，pilots and others have reported 100 complaints about drones a month，roughly double the rate of complaints last year，the FAA said. Many of those complaints are about close calls，in which drones narrowly miss other aircraft. 26 The FAA bars people from flying drones within 5 miles of an airport，or higher than 400 feet above the ground.But increasingly，drone pilots are breaking those rules.In August，for instance，two airplanes landing at Kennedy International Airport came within 100 feet of a drone flying at a height of roughly 800 feet.When such drones violate(侵犯) airspace，the government currently has no way to locate their operators. 27 The Transportation Security Administration(TSA) and the FAA are working out the details，but right now，the new registry wouldn’t require drones to carry trackers.And it wouldn’t institute a policy of “geofencing”，which involves creating marked-off safe spaces where drones would automatically be deactivated. “Unless a drone crashes，it could be difficult to identify tiny flyers from sight alone.But our biggest challenge so far has not been identifying the drone itself.It’s been connecting it back to the person who’s using it，” said Foxx，secretary of the TSA. 28 5.Why did the FAA announce the law? A.To promote drones’ business services. B.To regulate drones for airspace security. C.To adjust the flight direction of errant drones. D.To charge people for personal use of airspace. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，美国联邦航空管理局宣布这项法律是为了加强无人机空域安全监管。故选B项。 解析 29 6.What does the underlined word “bars” in paragraph 5 mean? A.Frees. B.Saves. C.Distracts. D.Prohibits. √ 词义猜测题。根据第五段的第二句可知，无人机驾驶员违背了这些规定，第三句举例说明违背规定的具体行为，无人机飞行的高度和范围都不符合规定，由此推知，美国联邦航空管理局禁止人们在高于地面400英尺的上空驾驶无人机，即画线单词bars为“禁止”的意思。故选D项。 解析 30 7.What is the major problem that the TSA faces concerning drones? A.Building safe drone airspace. B.Tracking down the drone pilots. C.Publicizing current flight rules. D.Planting trackers on the drones. √ 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句和最后一段最后两句可知，TSA在无人机方面面临的主要问题是追踪无人机驾驶员。故选B项。 解析 31 8.What can be the best title for the text? A.Drones Will Get People in Trouble B.America Is Expanding Drone Industry C.Complaints About Drones Continue to Pour in D.Flying Unregistered Drones Will Be Illegal in the US √ 标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及第一段可知，文章主要讲的是无人机爱好者必须要将他们驾驶的无人机向政府注册，否则将面临处罚。故文章最好的标题是“在美国，驾驶未注册的无人机将是非法的”。故选D项。 解析 32 Being a mom of five children is no easy task，but being a single mom of five children and graduating from law school with honors? Well，that’s absolutely remarkable. Ⅱ.完形填空 语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了有五个孩子的单亲妈妈不仅将孩子照顾得很好，还以优异的成绩从法学院毕业。 33 Ieshia Champs is that mother，appearing in her local news，for her 1 story of going from growing up in foster care(抚育院) to becoming a 2 mother of five children to graduating with honors. 1.A.inspiring B.interesting C.frightening D.surprising 2.A.beloved B.full-time C.selfless D.single √ √ 34 1.inspiring励志的，鼓励人心的；interesting有趣的；frightening吓人的，令人害怕的；surprising令人惊讶的。根据后文“story of going from growing up in foster care(抚育院) to becoming a mother of five children to graduating with honors”可知，她的故事是励志的，故选A。 2.beloved挚爱的；full-time全职的；selfless无私的；single单个的，单亲的。根据前文“but being a single mom of five children and graduating from law school with honors”可知，此处指单亲妈妈，single为原词复现。故选D。 解析 35 Champs’ story is full of twists and turns: she herself had a(n) 3 childhood，growing up in foster care，with no stable family， 4 from home to home.At one point，she 5 school and was even homeless in 8th grade. 3.A.adventurous B.difficult C.magical D.precious 4.A.working B.visiting C.bouncing D.exploring 5.A.attended B.quit C.finished D.operated √ √ √ 36 3.adventurous惊险的；difficult充满艰难困苦的；magical魔法的；precious珍贵的。根据后文“growing up in foster care，with no stable family”可知，她在抚育院长大，没有稳定的家庭，故她的童年很艰难，故选B。 4.work工作；visit参观；bounce来回弹，撵走；explore探索。根据前文“growing up in foster care，with no stable family”可知，她在抚育院长大，没有稳定的家庭，故从一个家庭被逐去另一个家庭，故选C。 5.attend上(学)，参加；quit停止；finish完成；operate操作。根据后文“and was even homeless in 8th grade”可知，她甚至在八年级就无家可归，所以她应是经历了辍学，故选B。 解析 37 At the age of 29，she had her 5th child and then，a series of 6 ： her mother died，her children’s father 7 from a deadly cancer，their house was burnt down，and she was in despair. 6.A.tests B.failures C.conflicts D.misfortunes 7.A.passed away B.passed out C.got away D.burnt out √ √ 38 6.test测试；failure失败；conflict矛盾；misfortune不幸(的事)。根据后文“her mother died，her children’s father from a deadly cancer，their house was burnt down，and she was in despair”可知，这一切都是发生在她身上的不幸的事情，故选D。 7.pass away去世；pass out昏倒；get away离开；burn out疲惫不堪。根据空后“from a deadly cancer”可知，此处指死于癌症，故选A。 解析 39 In 2009，at the 8 of her friends who were always supportive，she achieved her GED (General Educational Development) and then，kept going. 8.A.mercy B.request C.invitation D.encouragement √ mercy可怜，仁慈；request要求；invitation邀请；encouragement鼓励。根据后文的“who were always supportive”可知，这些朋友一直支持她，故此处指在朋友的鼓励下，故选D。 解析 40 Although making it through her degree program was a 9 —her kids 10 hearing her cry and working together to make meals so she could have time to keep 11 —she kept going. 9.A.success B.dream C.struggle D.fortune 10.A.resisted B.recalled C.escaped D.avoided 11.A.changing B.growing C.studying D.searching √ √ √ 41 9.success成功；dream梦想；struggle难事；fortune幸运，运气。根据后文“her kids_________hearing her cry and working together to make meals so she could have time to keep ”可知，她的孩子回忆起她在这个过程中哭泣，且孩子要帮助做饭，故这个过程是一件难事，故选C。 10.resist抵抗；recall回忆；escape逃离；avoid避免。根据空后“hearing her cry and working together to make meals so she could have time to keep ”可知，此处是孩子们回忆起她在兼顾家庭和求学过程中遇到的困难，故选B。 11.change改变；grow种植；study学习；search搜寻。根据前文“making it through her degree program”可知，完成她的学业并非易事，因为她需要照顾五个孩子，但孩子很懂事，一起做饭让她拥有更多学习的时间，故选C。 解析 42 When she graduated from law school，Champs posed for pictures with her 12 ，all displaying chalkboard signs that 13 the big day. 12.A.neighbors B.meals C.friends D.children 13.A.celebrated B.prepared C.enjoyed D.featured √ √ 43 12.neighbor邻居；meal一顿饭；friend朋友；children孩子。根据后文“while her children announced different messages that reflected the journey the entire family had been on”可知，她是和孩子一起拍的照片，故选D。 13.celebrate庆祝；prepare准备；enjoy喜欢，欣赏；feature以……为特色。根据空后“the big day”可知，此处指Champs毕业的这一天，故指庆祝这一重要的时间，故选A。 解析 44 Champs’ chalkboard read “I did it！” while her children announced different 14 messages that reflected the journey the entire family had been on，like “I helped！” and “We did it！” and “Me too！” The 15 quickly went viral online，sharing her story with the rest of the world. 14.A.clear B.supportive C.important D.secret 15.A.journey B.graduation C.pictures D.videos √ √ 45 14.clear清楚的；supportive鼓励的；important重要的；secret秘密的。根据后文“that reflected the journey the entire family had been on，like ‘I helped！’ and ‘We did it！’ and ‘Me too！’”可知，这些信息反映了这个家庭的经历，比如说“我帮忙了！”和“我们成功了！”，以及“我也是！”故这些信息是表示鼓励的，故选B。 15.journey旅程；graduation毕业；picture图片；video视频。根据前文“Champs posed for pictures with her ，all displaying chalkboard signs that the big day”可知，此处指她和孩子的那些反映她求学过程的图片，故选C。 解析 46 本课结束 $