内容正文:
译林英语八上Unit8语法讲解及习题:
过去进行时、when/while/as连词辨析、复合词构词法
第一部分 核心语法一:过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense)
一、语法总述
过去进行时用于描述过去某个具体时刻、过去某一阶段正在持续进行的动作,侧重强调动作的持续性、正在进行的状态,区别于一般过去时(侧重动作已经结束)。该时态常搭配精准过去时间状语,且高频与when/while引导的时间从句连用。
二、核心句式结构(必考)
基本公式:was/were + 动词现在分词(v.-ing)
主谓匹配规则:主语单数/不可数名词/I 用was;主语复数/you 用were
1. 肯定句
结构:主语 + was/were + v.-ing + 其他
例句:I was walking home at this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候我正步行回家。)
例句:They were playing basketball all afternoon yesterday.(昨天整个下午他们都在打篮球。)
2. 否定句
结构:主语 + was/were + not + v.-ing + 其他(缩写:wasn’t / weren’t)
例句:She wasn’t reading books at 8 last night.(昨晚八点她没在看书。)
3. 一般疑问句
结构:Was/Were + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他?
回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. / No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
例句:Were you doing your homework then?(那时你在写作业吗?)
三、常用时间标志词
1. 精准时刻:at 8 o’clock last night、at that moment、at this time yesterday
2. 阶段时长:all morning yesterday、all day last Sunday、from 7 to 9 last night
3. 从句搭配:when/while/as 引导的过去时间从句
四、核心用法与时态辨析
1. 过去进行时:强调过去正在进行、持续的动作,动作未结束;
2. 一般过去时:强调过去动作已经完成,只陈述事实;
3. 经典搭配:长动作(过去进行时)铺垫,短动作(一般过去时)突发切入。
第二部分 核心语法二:when / while / as 连词用法辨析
一、语法总述
三个连词均可引导过去时间状语从句,译为“当……时候”,核心区别在于适配动作类型、时态搭配、语义侧重,是本单元最高频易错点,主要考查主从句时态匹配、选词填空。
二、逐词精讲
1. when(适用范围最广)
✅ 可接瞬间短动作(start/happen/arrive)、延续长动作;
✅ 适配场景:长动作进行中,突发短动作发生;
✅ 经典句式:过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时
例句:We were sleeping when the storm came.(暴风雨来的时候,我们正在睡觉。)
2. while(仅限持续动作)
✅ 从句只能接延续性长动作(walk/read/rain/work),必须用进行时态;
✅ 适配场景:两个长动作同时同步进行;
✅ 经典句式:while引导从句用过去进行时,主句也用过去进行时
例句:Mum was cooking while I was doing homework.(我写作业时,妈妈在做饭。)
3. as(同步伴随)
✅ 侧重两个动作同步伴随、一边……一边……;
✅ 多搭配延续性动作,强调动态同步过程;
例句:She sang as she walked along the road.(她沿路边走边唱。)
三、解题口诀
短动突发用when,长动同步用while,伴随进行就用as;
while从句必进行,瞬间动词不兼容。
第三部分 Word Power:单元复合词构词法
一、语法总述
复合词由两个独立单词拼接构成新单词,词义关联原词,本单元聚焦三类高频复合词,主要考查拼写识记、词形填空、词义辨析,拼写易错点为考试高频陷阱。
二、分类精讲
1. 名词+名词 复合词
thunder(雷)+ storm(暴风雨)= thunderstorm(雷暴)
snow(雪)+ ball(球)= snowball(雪球)
head(头)+ ache(疼痛)= headache(头痛)
police(警务)+ man(人)= policeman(男警察)
2. 动词/名词+名词 复合词
pass(通过)+ port(港口)= passport(护照)
air(空气/航空)+ port(港口)= airport(机场)
play(玩耍)+ ground(场地)= playground(操场)
post(邮寄)+ card(卡片)= postcard(明信片)
3. 副词/虚词类复合词
some+thing=something(某物)、week+end=weekend(周末)、country+side=countryside(乡村)
三、拼写核心易错提醒
1. headache 切勿漏写末尾e;2. airport 切勿拼写为airpot;3. postcard 不可漏写字母c;4. 所有单元复合词均为独立单词,不可拆分书写。
第四部分 综合专项练习题
题型一:单项选
1. I ______ a shower when the sudden rainstorm happened.
A. take B. took C. was taking D. am taking
2. ______ my parents were watching TV, I was reading a novel.
A. When B. While C. As D. Since
3. She ______ in the classroom at this time yesterday.
A. isn’t studying B. didn’t study C. wasn’t studying D. won’t study
4. We can see thick clouds before a strong ______.
A. thunderstorm B. snowball C. headache D. countryside
5. The boy fell down ______ he was riding his bike.
A. while B. when C. as D. all above
6. ______ you busy doing housework at 7 last night?
A. Are B. Were C. Did D. Do
7. He was walking to school ______ he saw a policeman.
A. while B. when C. as D. though
8. People usually make ______ in winter when it snows heavily.
A. snowballs B. snowball C. thunderstorms D. playgrounds
9. My sister ______ not ______ music at that moment.
A. was; listening B. were; listening C. did; listen D. do; listen
10. She sang songs ______ she was walking home alone.
A. when B. while C. as D. so
题型二:动词适当形式填空
11. It ______________ (snow) heavily at 9 o’clock last night.
12. They ______________ (not play) outside when the wind started to blow hard.
13. My brother ______________ (read) a magazine while I was preparing dinner.
14. The workers ______________ (repair) the road all morning yesterday.
15. ______________ you ______________ (watch) TV when your teacher called you?
16. She ______________ (feel) a little tired while she was doing sports.
17. The rain ______________ (stop) while we were talking in the room.
18. We ______________ (learn) new knowledge at this time yesterday.
题型三:复合词拼写填空
19. A ______________ (police + man) came to help us during the storm.
20. I had a bad ______________ (head + ache) because of the bad weather.
21. We will meet our relatives at the ______________ (air + port) tomorrow morning.
22. There was a terrible ______________ (thunder + storm) in the evening.
题型四:句型转换
按要求改写句子,每空一词
23. He was playing computer games at that time.(改为否定句)
He ______________ ______________ computer games at that time.
24. They were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)
______________ they ______________ the classroom this time yesterday?
25. I was doing my homework when my mum came back.(对划线部分提问)
______________ ______________ you ______________ when your mum came back?
26. While I was walking, I found a small dog.(同义句转换)
I found a small dog ______________ I was walking.
27. The wind was blowing strongly yesterday.(改为感叹句)
______________ ______________ the wind was blowing!
28. Were you reading books at 8 last night?(肯定回答)
______________, I ______________.
29. She was sleeping. The phone rang.(用when合并句子)
She ______________ ______________ when the phone rang.
题型五:短文综合填空
阅读短文,用括号内单词正确形式填空,综合全单元语法
Yesterday afternoon, it suddenly rained heavily. I ______________ (walk) home from school when the thunderstorm came. My classmates ______________ (run) quickly while the rain ______________ (fall). Later, we made some ______________ (snowball) after the rain stopped.
第五部分 参考答案
题型一:单项选择
1. C 解析:when引导短动作(happened一般过去时),主句为过去正在进行的长动作,用过去进行时was taking。
2. B 解析:主从句均为延续性长动作、同步进行,while专门适配两个同时发生的持续动作。
3. C 解析:at this time yesterday为过去进行时标志词,主语she为单数,否定形式用wasn’t studying。
4. A 解析:乌云密布是雷暴来临的前兆,thunderstorm雷暴,贴合语境。
5. D 解析:ride为延续性动作,when/while/as均可引导此类时间状语,三项均正确。
6. B 解析:at 7 last night为过去精准时刻,用过去进行时,主语you对应be动词were,一般疑问句提前were。
7. B 解析:长动作(走路)进行中突发短动作(看见警察),固定搭配when连接。
8.A 解析:下雪天的常规活动是堆雪球,make snowballs为固定搭配,用复数表泛指。
9. A 解析:at that moment为过去进行时标志,主语my sister为单数,用was listening。
10. C 解析:句意为边走边唱,强调两个动作同步伴随进行,as侧重伴随同步,为最佳选项。
题型二:动词填空
11. was snowing 解析:at 9 o’clock last night为过去精准时刻,用过去进行时,主语it用was。
12. weren’t playing 解析:when引导短动作,主句强调当时正在进行的动作,主语they为复数,否定用weren’t playing。
13. was reading 解析:while引导从句为过去进行时,主从句同步进行,主句也用过去进行时。
14. were repairing 解析:all morning yesterday为过去持续时间段,主语workers为复数,用were repairing。
15. Were; watching 解析:when引导过去短动作,主句询问当时是否正在做某事,一般疑问句提前were。
16. was feeling 解析:while引导持续动作,主句动作同步发生,用过去进行时。
17. stopped 解析:while从句为过去进行时,主句为突发短动作,用一般过去时stopped。
18. were learning 解析:at this time yesterday为过去进行时固定标志,主语we用were learning。
题型三:复合词填空
19. policeman 解析:名词+名词复合词,police+man构成policeman(男警察),单数匹配冠词a。
20. headache 解析:固定复合词headache(头痛),牢记完整拼写,不可漏写字母e。
21. airport 解析:air+port构成airport(机场),固定拼写,无字母替换。
22. thunderstorm 解析:thunder+storm构成thunderstorm(雷暴),贴合恶劣天气语境。
题型四:句型转换
23. wasn’t playing 解析:过去进行时否定句,直接在was后加not,动词ing形式不变。
24. Were; cleaning 解析:过去进行时一般疑问句,复数主语提前were,动词保持ing形式。
25. What were; doing 解析:对正在进行的动作提问用what,主语you对应were,后接doing。
26. when/while/as 解析:三个连词均可引导延续性动作,可同义替换,句意不变。
27. How strongly 解析:对副词strongly感叹,用How+副词+主谓结构,符合感叹句规则。
28. Yes; was 解析:第二人称疑问句,回答转换为第一人称,对应be动词was。
29. was sleeping 解析:when引导突发短动作,主句用过去进行时,贴合长动作被打断的语境。
题型五:短文填空
30. was walking 解析:when引导雷暴突发短动作,主句为正在走路的持续动作,用过去进行时。
31. were running 解析:while引导下雨的持续动作,同学们奔跑是同步进行的动作,用过去进行时。
32. was falling 解析:while从句主语rain为单数,过去进行时用was falling,表持续下雨。
33. snowballs 解析:make snowballs为固定搭配,用复数表泛指,堆雪球。
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