Unit 2 Period 4 Developing ideas（配套课件PPT）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版·新教材）

该高中英语课件围绕“金钱管理与价值观培养”展开，通过Fast reading梳理文本结构、Careful reading分析细节，搭建从整体到局部的理解支架，衔接语言知识（词汇、短语、语法）与基础检测，形成“输入-内化-输出”的学习脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质，通过长难句结构分析（如主从复合句、强调句型）提升语言理解与表达能力，结合图表填写、推理题培养逻辑思维。采用任务型教学，如主题微写作整合语法点（无生命名词作主语），助力学生构建知识网络，教师可通过分层检测高效评估学情。

Period 4 Developing ideas Improving yourself Unit 2 内容索引 Step 1　课文深度理解 Step 2　语言知识梳理 Step 3　基础达标检测 作业4 课文深度理解 Task 1 Fast reading for the structure of the text. Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below. How making wisely birthday present happiness vision future kindness and helping value Ⅱ.Skim the passage to find out the main idea of the text. What is the main idea of the passage? A.Reminding you of the future life. B.Introducing the functions of different jars. C.Encouraging teenagers to earn more money. D.Teaching children how to manage their money wisely. √ Task 2 Careful reading for the details of the text. Choose the best answer according to the passage. 1.What do young people do with their money? A.None of them deal with money well. B.They make good use of money. C.It depends on personal preference. D.They spend their money wisely. √ 2.What does the sentence “age is no barrier to making good use of money” mean in paragraph 2? A.It is reasonable for young people to spend their parents’ money casually. B.Even if you are a child，you can use the money wisely. C.Undoubtedly，young people should become big spenders. D.All of us should make full use of our money. √ 3.Which jar is concerned about the present time? A.The Giving jar. B.The Investing jar. C.The Saving jar. D.The Spending jar. √ 4.What’s the type of the passage? A.Narrative writing. B.Argumentative writing. C.Practical writing. D.Expository writing. √ Task 3 Translate the following phrases into English. 1.因人而异 2.面临，面对 3.(钱)花光；(信用卡)刷爆 4.信用卡 5.与……形成对比 6.好好利用…… 7.在……的帮助下 8.零花钱 9.众筹 ________________________ ____________ ________ __________ ____________ ________________ ______________ _____________ _____________ vary from person to person be faced with max out credit card in contrast to make good use of with the help of pocket money crowd funding 10.打算做…… 11.个人理财 12.可以使用，得以进入，可以接近 13.在手边，在附近，即将来临 14.掌管，控制 15.对……负责 16.做……的机会 17.毕竟 18.当下，此时此地 19.是……的责任；由……决定 ____________ ________________ _____________ ____________ ____________ ________________ ___________________ ________ ________________ ________ intend to do personal finances have access to (be) at hand in control of be responsible for the opportunity to do after all the here and now be up to 20.储存；搁置；忽视；把……放在一边 21.配备有/装备…… 22.做出明智的选择 _________ _________________ _____________________ put aside be equipped (with) make informed choices Task 4 Analyse some long and difficult sentences. 1.In contrast to these big spenders，there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money.(P26 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句话为_________句。that引导_____从句，修饰先行词_____。 [汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 与这些花钱大手大脚的人相比，也有一些青少年证明了年龄并非善于利用金钱的障碍。 主从复合 定语 teens 2.However people intend to use their money，managing it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations.(P27 Para.3) [结构分析] 此句话为__________句。however引导_________从句，相当于______________；主句的主语是___________；单个动名词或动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用_____。 [汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 无论人们打算怎样使用自己的钱，理财对于年轻一代来说似乎变得前所未有地重要。 主从复合 让步状语 no matter how managing it 单数 3.For those who have no access to courses，help might be at hand thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely.(P27 Para.3) [结构分析] 此句话为_________句。who引导_____从句，修饰先行词_______；how to spend their money wisely是“________________”结构作动词teach的_________。 [汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 对于那些无法接触理财课程的人来说，多亏杰里·维特科夫斯基和他的理财方法——他用四个罐子教青少年如何智慧理财。 主从复合 定语 those 疑问词＋不定式 直接宾语 4.It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive：spend，save，invest or give？(P27 Para.4) [结构分析] 此句话为_____句型，强调时间状语____________；其中they receive为省略了that/which的_____从句，修饰名词_______。 [汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 从那时起，他的孙子孙女们就开始自己掌控如何处理所得的钱：用于消费、储蓄、投资还是给予他人？ 强调 from then on 定语 money 5.The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness.(P27 Para.5) [结构分析] 此句话为_________句。taught with the Spending jar是过去分词短语作_________，修饰名词______；that引导_____从句。 [汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________ “消费”罐子传递的价值是，你要为自己的幸福负责。 主从复合 后置定语 value 表语 6.While the Spending jar is about the here and now，the Saving jar gives you a vision for the future.(P28 Para.6) [结构分析] 此句话为while连接的_____句，while表示“_____”，意为“_____”；the here and now意为“_______________”。 [汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ “消费”罐子关注的是眼前和当下，而“储蓄”罐子则为你提供了未来的愿景。 并列 对比 而 当下，此时此地 7.Whether you want to help out a friend，give money to an animal charity or to children in another country，it’s your money to give to whatever cause you believe in.(P28 Para.8) [结构分析] 此句话为________句。whether引导________从句；whatever引导_____从句。 [汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 无论你是想要接济朋友，为动物慈善机构捐款，或是救助另一个国家的孩子，这都是你的钱，你可以把它捐给任何你相信的事业。 主从复合 让步状语 宾语 8.The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do，so that they grow up understanding，if you like，the value of the valuable.(P28 Para.9) [结构分析] 此句话为_________句。主句中的that引导_____从句，修饰先行词___________；so that引导_________从句；understanding...the value...是现在分词短语作_________；if you like是_______。 [汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 介绍这四个罐子，更深远的目的在于鼓励青少年以一种更客观的方式思考金钱以及用钱能做的事情，让他们在成长的过程中逐渐理解重要事物的真正价值。 主从复合 定语 the things 结果状语 伴随状语 插入语 9.In this way，they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about how they use the money they have.(P28 Para.9) [结构分析] 此句话为_________句。动词不定式短语to make informed choices about...作_________；how引导_____从句；they have为省略了that/which的_____从句，修饰名词________。 [汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 这样，他们在步入成人社会时才会更加得心应手，并且能够对如何管理金钱做出明智的选择。 主从复合 目的状语 宾语 返 回 定语 money 语言知识梳理 adj.恰当的；合适的(inappropriate adj.不合适的；不恰当的 appropriately adv.恰当地) [教材原句P23]Use the past perfect passive where appropriate.在适当的地方使用过去完成时的被动语态。 1 appropriate [人教版]The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 使用肢体语言时，最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。 be appropriate to/for适合于 It’s appropriate that sb (should) do sth.某人做某事是恰当的。 It’s appropriate for sb to do sth.某人做某事是合适的。 (1)We want an education system that is more appropriate _____ the needs of the students. (2)It is evident that those children aren’t _____________(appropriate) dressed for this cold weather. for/to appropriately (3)(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)她突然意识到，专注于特定的地标是一种心理技巧，这种技巧适合于让漫长的慢跑变得更容易。 It occurred to her that focusing on specific landmarks was a mind trick _____________________________________________. which was appropriate for making the long jog easier 写作佳句 adj.替他人着想的；考虑周到的[consider v.考虑；认为 consideration n.仔细考虑；体谅；顾及 considerable adj.相当多(或大、重要等)的 considering prep.& conj.考虑到；就……而言] 2 considerate [教材原句P24]I’d politely remind them it’s not permitted，and that they should be considerate of others. 我会礼貌地提醒他们，这样做是不被允许的，并且他们应该多为他人着想。 ·It is considerate of sb to do sth.某人做某事很周到。 ·consider doing sth考虑做某事 consider sth to be/as认为……是 ·take...into consideration把……考虑在内 under consideration正在考虑中 (1)Despite the poor equipment，the experiment was a ____________ (consider) success. (2)My sister is considering __________(switch) her present job to a new one in a foreign company. considerable switching (3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ， 读后续写)冈特同意稍后处理车费并告知我他的联系方式，让我得以及时登上公交车，这真是太周到了。 _________________________ Gunter to agree to handle the fare later and share his contact details，enabling me to board the bus in time. (4)如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it a lot ________________________________ ____________. It was really considerate of 写作佳句 if you could take my application into consideration 掌管，控制 [教材原句P27]It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive... 从那时起，他的孙子孙女们就开始自己掌控如何处理所得的钱…… [人教版]Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. 西班牙在16世纪控制了秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。 3 in control of in the control of 由……控制 be/get out of control无法管理，失去控制 under control处于控制之中 keep/bring...under control把……控制住 take control of取得对……的控制 lose control of失去对……的控制 have control over/of...对……有控制权 (1)Dieting and exercising can bring your weight ______ control but you must stick to your plan with perseverance. under (2)由于采取了有效措施，该疾病的传播仍在地方政府的控制之下。 ①With effective measures taken，the local government remained _________________________________. ②With effective measures taken，the spread of the disease remained _________________________________. in control of the spread of the disease 写作佳句 in the control of the local government (3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我建议给我们自主选择搭档的机会。这样，我们可以和那些有相似目标的同学合作，从而更好地掌控学习过程，确保讨论更有成效。 I suggest that we be given the option to choose our partners.In this way，we can team up with those who have similar goals，___________________________________________________ and ensure more productive discussions. allowing us to better take control of the learning process 储存；搁置；忽视；把……放在一边 [教材原句P28]Although this could likewise involve putting aside money for your university education，it also means investing in yourself.尽管这同样可能包括为你的大学教育存钱，但这也意味着对自己进行投资。 4 put aside put away把……收拾好；储存 put forward提出，提议；将……提前 put off延期，推迟 put up举起；建造；张贴；提高；留宿 put up with容忍，忍受 从表格中选用恰当的短语填空 (1)I sincerely advise children to _____________ some of their pocket money for charity purposes. (2)We will _______ the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better. (3)In that case，we will have to learn to ___________ some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages. put aside/away put off put up with (4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我写这封邮件是想提出我对您计划用于我们课后口语练习的随机分组方法的担忧。 ______________________________________________ regarding the random pairing method you plan to use for our after-class oral practice. I am writing this email to put forward my concerns 写作佳句 (5)(读后续写之动作链描写)他们冲下车，搭起帐篷，舒适地坐在草地上，欣赏着周围令人赞叹的景象。 They dashed out of the car，_______________ and settled down on the grass，enjoying the breathtaking scenery around them. put up the tent vt.使有知识和技能，使能够胜任；配备；装备(equipment n.设备；器材 equipped adj.装备齐全的；有准备的) [教材原句P28]In this way，they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about how they use the money they have.这样，他们在步入成人社会时才会更加得心应手，并且能够对如何管理金钱做出明智的选择。 [译林版]To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为防止软组织损伤，请确保在锻炼时穿戴合适的衣服和护具。 5 equip equip...with...用……装备…… be equipped with配有…… equip sb for (doing) sth使某人为(做)某事而准备，使某人具备做某事的条件 (1)It’s a modern，well _________ hospital，and all its __________ is of high quality.(equip) (2)[译林版]I was equipped _____ an artificial hand，but it did not feel like part of me. equipped equipment with (3)我具备很好的英语能力，我相信我能胜任你在报纸上刊登的职位。 ________________________________________________________________，I am confident that I am equal to the post you advertised on the newspaper.(分词短语作状语) Equipped with/Equipping myself with a good command of 写作佳句 English (4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)随机分组可能无法很好地让学生具备有效沟通的能力，因为语言水平不匹配会让双方都难以顺畅表达想法。 Random pairing might not _______________________________ ______________，as the mismatched language level can make it hard for both to express their ideas smoothly. equip students well for effective communication 6 无生命名词作主语 [教材原句P26]Recent headlines have seen more and more teens maxing out their parents’ credit cards on games or other online activities. 最近的新闻头条中报道了越来越多的青少年刷爆了父母的信用卡，将钱肆意挥霍在网络游戏或其他网络活动中。 [结构分析]此句中see为拟人的写作手法。主语headlines的意思是“新闻头条”；谓语是have seen；have seen ...maxing out...是see sb doing结构，意为“看到某人正在……” 。 see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。 与see用法相同的动词还有witness，find，mark等，这些词在句中作谓语。用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。 无生命名词作主语还可以有以下用法： ·表示生理、心理状态的名词或表示某种遭遇的名词(如word，anger， faith，idea，courage等)作主语，用fail，desert，escape等动词作谓语。 ·具有行为和动作意义的名词作主语，常用含有使役意义的动词(如 remind，make，let，lead，send，drive等)作谓语。 (1)1949年见证了中华人民共和国的成立。 The year 1949 __________________________________________________ ______. (2)该声明标志着欧洲历史上一个伟大时代的终结。 ___________________________________ an extraordinary period in European history. (3)在这 75 年里，中国取得了显著且重大的发展。 During these 75 years，__________________________________________ ____________. saw/witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic of China The announcement marks the end of China has witnessed remarkable and substantial development (4)当我站在舞台上，面对成千上万双眼睛时，我说不出话来。 _______________ when I stood on the stage，facing thousands of pairs of eyes. Words failed me 7 介词短语置于句首的倒装句 [教材原句P27]Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste，soap and socks，bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding. 包里面装着一些生活必需品，比如牙膏、肥皂和袜子等。最初购买这些物品用的都是她自己的零花钱，后来则是通过众筹购买。 [结构分析]此句话为简单句。句中Inside the bags are necessities...是介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装结构；过去分词短语bought first with... funding作定语，修饰名词necessities。 英语中句子的主谓完全倒装的常见情况有： ·out，in，into，down，up，away，here，now，then，there等表示方 位和时间的副词或表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时， 谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等动词，句子用全部 倒装。 ·作表语的形容词或分词(短语)位于句首时也可用完全倒装，构成“介词 短语/形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。 ·如果句子的主语为人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 (1)在森林中央有一个深湖，在那里你可以找到各种各样的鱼。 ______________________________________，where you can find various fishes. (2)那里站着一个他以前从未见过的戴着耳机的女孩。 ________________ with headphones whom he had never seen before. (3)人们仅仅依赖报纸和广播来获取信息的日子已经一去不复返了。 __________________ when people only relied on papers and radios for information. (4)现在轮到你分享你学习英语的经历了。 ___________________ to share your experience of learning English. In the middle of the woods lies a deep lake 返 回 There stood a girl Gone are the days Now comes your turn 基础达标检测 1.The businessman is travelling around the country to promote① his new green product.He is even planning to promote② it at a discount price.Due to his dedication，which has promoted③ people’s awareness of environmental protection，he has been promoted④ to general manager. ①____________　②________　③____________　④_____________ v.促销 v.促进，增进 Ⅰ.品句猜词 v.推广，宣传 v.晋升，提拔 2.In today’s newspaper，there was an exciting item① about a new community project.The article listed several items② within the project，including the installation of new playground equipment and the planting of trees.Residents were encouraged to donate unused items③ to support the initiative. ①_______________　②_______　③__________________ 3.She suffered temporary loss of vision after being struck on the head. _________ n.一则/一条新闻 n.项目 n.一件商品(或物品) n.视力 1.The shop is having a sale on various household _________(商品)，such as toothpastes，soaps and towels. 2.In _________ to my previous impression，the atmosphere here is not tense at all. 3.The news of the airline was in the ___________(标题) across all the newspapers in this country. 4.__________ with a new type of machine，the explorers went into a cave，hoping to find some buried treasure before the deadline. items Ⅱ.单词拼写 contrast headlines Equipped 5.Professor Salovery，who invented the term EQ，gives the following description：at work，it is IQ that gets you _________(提拔). 6.Soap is one of the daily ___________ for people to keep themselves clean and healthy. 7.When planning for retirement，you need to take a long-term view of your personal __________(财务). 8.The frustrated man _____(吐口水) constantly as he complained about the unfair treatment he received. promoted necessities finances spat 1.It is interesting to contrast the British legal system _____ the American one. 2.I sincerely hope you can take my suggestions into careful ____________ (consider). 3.I am sure the skillful worker has enough experience to fix all the ___________(equip). 4.The manager __________(object) describes the person’s performance but says nothing further. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 with consideration equipment objectively 5.It was a challenging and demanding job，but anyway he managed it _____________(appropriate). 6. On ___________(receive) the job offer letter，he couldn’t wait to share the exciting news with his parents. appropriately receiving The spending power of young people 1.______(vary) from person to person.In contrast to these big spenders，there are also teens that prove age is no barrier 2.____ making good use of money.With the help of her grandmother，eight-year-old Khloe Thompson has learnt how to manage her money 3._______(wise). Ⅳ.课文语法填空 varies to wisely Jerry Witkovsky uses four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money properly.When Jerry’s grandchildren 4._______(turn) 13，his present to each of them was four jars.The value 5._______(teach) with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness.Money gives you independence and the opportunity 6._______(buy) something you like.The Saving jar gives you a vision for the future.The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future,7.____ gives the chance to build for the future.The Giving jar is all about 8.__________(kind) and helping. turned taught to buy but kindness The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things 9.____________ it can do，so that they grow up understanding the value of the 10.___________(value). 返 回 that/which valuable 作业4 1.________________________(做出明智的选择) in career paths requires careful self-assessment and market research. 2.Learning abilities _______________________(因人而异)，so we should have personalized teaching methods. 3.He ___________(刷爆) his credit card to pay for the expensive trip，which annoyed his parents. 4.They ________________(打算) start a new project，but they didn’t get the approval in the end. Making informed choices Ⅰ.短语填空 vary from person to person maxed out had intended to 5.The money he ____________(储存) every month for his future studies has helped him out of trouble. 6.The modern building stands out ____________(与……形成对比) the old-fashioned houses around it. puts aside in contrast to 1.上周举行的成人礼标志着我们成年的开始。(无生命名词作主语) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.无论你是否意识到，这对我们所有人来说都是最重要的时刻。(whether引导让步状语从句) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ.主题微写作——树立正确的金钱观 The coming-of-age ceremony held last week marks the beginning of our adulthood. Whether you have been aware or not，it is the most significant moment for all of us. 3.当我们步入成年的那一刻，我们面临着许多现实的事情。(the moment引导时间状语从句) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.如何管理我们的个人财务就在所有这些事情之中。(介词短语置于句首的倒装句) _______________________________________________________________ The moment we step into adulthood，we are faced with many realistic affairs. Among all these affairs is how to manage our personal finances. 5.在顾问的帮助下，我们将学习如何树立正确的金钱观以及如何合理使用我们的零花钱。(with the help of；make good use of) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 With the help of the adviser，we will learn how to develop the right value of money and how to make good use of our pocket money. A Fathers can give their children an educational advantage at primary school by reading，drawing and playing with them，according to a newly published report.Research led by the University of Leeds has found that children do better at primary school if their fathers regularly spend time with them on interactive engagement activities like reading，playing，telling stories，drawing and singing. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项最新发布的报告显示，父亲可以通过阅读、画画和陪孩子玩耍等互动，让孩子在小学阶段获得教育优势。 Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读 Analysing primary school test scores for five- and seven-year-olds，the researchers used a representative sample of nearly 5,000 mother-father households in England from the Millennium Cohort Study. According to the research，dads who regularly drew，played and read with their three-year-olds helped their children do better at school by age five.Dads being involved at age five also helped improve scores in seven-year-olds’ Key Stage Assessments. Dr Helen Norman，who led the research，said，“Mothers still tend to assume the primary carer role and therefore tend to do the most childcare，but if fathers enthusiastically engage in childcare too，it significantly increases the likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school.This is why encouraging and supporting fathers to share childcare with the mother，from an early stage in the child’s life，is critical.” Dads’ involvement impacted positively on their children’s school achievement regardless of the child’s gender(性别)，race，age in the school year and household income，according to the report. There were different effects when mums and dads took part in the same activities—the data showed that mums had more of an impact on young children’s emotional and social behaviors than educational achievement. The researchers recommend that dads carve out as much time as they can to engage in interactive activities with their children each week.For busy，working dads，even just ten minutes a day could potentially have educational benefits.They also recommend that schools and early years education providers routinely take both parents’ contact details(where possible) and develop strategies to engage fathers. 1.What can we learn about the research? A.Mums had more impact on young children’s educational achievement. B.Dads’ positive impact on kids’ learning had nothing to do with the gender. C.Dads’ involvement at age 3 helped promote academic performance at age 7. D.The researchers investigated nearly 5,000 single-parent families in England. √ 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，父亲对孩子学习的积极影响与孩子的性别无关。故选B。 解析 2.Who may give his children the most educational advantage at primary school? A.A father who is totally busy with his work. B.A father who is really good at playing basketball. C.A father who has absolutely low income. D.A father who actively shares childcare with the mother. √ 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Mothers still...but if fathers enthusiastically engage in childcare too，it significantly increases the likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school.”可推断，积极地与母亲共同照顾孩子的父亲能给他的孩子在小学教育上最大的优势。故选D。 解析 3.What advice do the researchers offer on children’s early years education? A.Dads should spare ten minutes a day to apparently benefit kids. B.Dads should maximize time to interact with their kids each week. C.Schools should generate strategies to involve parents in management. D.Schools should regularly contact parents to develop mother-engagement. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The researchers recommend that dads carve out as much time as they can to engage in interactive activities with their children each week.”可知，研究人员建议爸爸们每周尽量多花时间和孩子互动。故选B。 解析 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.It’s crucial that fathers can have a lasting impact on children. B.Young children can get brilliant childhood with father-engagement. C.Fathers and mothers should share childcare in family early education. D.Young children do better at school if their dads interact with them. √ 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，文章介绍的是一项研究发现，父亲通过与孩子一起阅读、绘画和玩耍等互动可以提高孩子们在小学阶段的学业表现。D选项概括文章主要内容，符合题意。故选D。 解析 B(此篇精读) Studies have shown the mere exposure effect，also referred to as the familiarity principle，inspires our decisions.It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things.Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring.So unless we have a terrible experience，we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to.That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance(保险) companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则并促进创造性和成长。 It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know.Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences，we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable.But when acting on that preference，we fall back to what we know.This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up.We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams.But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking，where we imagine that change requires a quite dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for.Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration(沮丧) is complete exposure to novelty.While this can appear effective in the short term，we may only end up replacing one problem with another，with the added risk of feeling overwhelmed and experiencing burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy.It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion.We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit.If we think of familiarity as something that can expand，we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently.From here，we will start to make decisions，drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options. 5.What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A.The advertising cost. B.The improved service. C.The familiarity principle. D.The principle of the market. √ 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Getting used to new things...more than new ones.(习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买商品。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，是熟悉性原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。 解析 6.What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A.Our preferences affect our decisions. B.Familiarity tends to generate disrespect. C.The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword. D.There can be a mismatch between desires and actions. √ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所熟悉的。这解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。 解析 7.What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A.Disapproving. B.Tolerant. C.Objective. D.Reserved. √ 观点态度题。根据文章第三段中“While this can appear effective in the short term，we may only end up replacing one problem with another，with the added risk of feeling overwhelmed and experiencing burnout.”可知，作者认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选A。 解析 8.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Step Out of Your Familiarity Zone B.Spare a Thought for Your Preference C.Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone D.Give Priority to the Mere Exposure Effect √ 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段中“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect，also referred to as the familiarity principle，inspires our decisions.”以及最后一段中“We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit.”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，作者建议我们通过逐步扩展熟悉区域并利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。因此，选项C“Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone(慢慢扩大你的熟悉区域)”最能概括文章的主题。故选C。 解析 1.familiarity n.熟悉，通晓→familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的 2.get/be used to习惯于 3.desirable adj.向往的；可取的；值得拥有的 4.overwhelming adj.压倒性的；巨大的；势不可挡的 5.burnout n.精疲力竭 6.bit by bit一点点地；逐渐地 词汇积累 But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking，where we imagine that change requires a quite dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. 分析：这是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，在该从句中，where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰big-picture thinking；that change requires a quite dramatic swing 是宾语从句；that we don’t feel ready for是定语从句，修饰swing。 翻译：但这种态度可能会让人感到不知所措，因为它倾向于鼓励我们有大局思维，在这种思维中，我们认为改变需要一个相当大的转变，而对此我们并没有准备好。 句式分析 (2024·江苏高二上期末) Self-confidence is about trusting your judgement and your ability to do something well.It is also about being willing to consider the possibility that you are wrong and to change your mind.It is a combination of courage and humility(谦逊)，which leads to open-minded thinking. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了缺乏自信的原因和建立自信的方法。 Ⅳ.七选五阅读 A.Instead，try to make up for lost time. B.All they expect is that you do your best. C.Confidence is built on a sense of accomplishment. D.Therefore，they spare no effort to satisfy parents’expectations. E.Negative experiences also have a huge impact on self-confidence. F.The reasons for low self-confidence often differ from person to person. G.Low self-confidence，in contrast，will make you feel unsuccessful， unmotivated and inferior to others. √ 1 It often prevents you from doing your best and perhaps from even trying.When you do try，your lack of trust in yourself may ultimately lead you to fail. 下文“It often prevents you from doing your best and perhaps from even trying.”中的It指代G项“相反，缺乏自信会让你感到不成功、没有动力、不如别人。”中的Low self-confidence，和G项构成内容上的承接关系，指出了缺乏自信的后果。故选G项。 解析 A.Instead，try to make up for lost time. B.All they expect is that you do your best. C.Confidence is built on a sense of accomplishment. D.Therefore，they spare no effort to satisfy parents’expectations. E.Negative experiences also have a huge impact on self-confidence. F.The reasons for low self-confidence often differ from person to person. G.Low self-confidence，in contrast，will make you feel unsuccessful， unmotivated and inferior to others. √ 2 One of the reasons is the home environment where children grow and develop.They may find it difficult to develop self-confidence if their parents are critical or overprotective. 下文“One of the reasons is the home environment where children grow and develop.”是对F项“缺乏自信的原因往往因人而异。”的举例说明，指出了家庭环境是影响孩子在成长和发展中缺乏自信的原因之一。故选F项。 解析 A.Instead，try to make up for lost time. B.All they expect is that you do your best. C.Confidence is built on a sense of accomplishment. D.Therefore，they spare no effort to satisfy parents’expectations. E.Negative experiences also have a huge impact on self-confidence. F.The reasons for low self-confidence often differ from person to person. G.Low self-confidence，in contrast，will make you feel unsuccessful，unmotivated and inferior to others. √ Once they fail to fulfil expectations，they may feel bad about themselves and get trapped in the cage of self-doubt. 3 If a child gets bullied in school or in the neighbourhood，he or she may be afraid of speaking in public，even when he or she grows up to be an adult. 根据下文“If a child gets bullied in school or in the neighbourhood，he or she may be afraid of speaking in public，even when he or she grows up to be an adult.”可知，一个孩子有在学校或街区中受到欺负的消极的经历会对他或她的人生产生巨大影响，E项“消极的经历也会对自信产生巨大的影响。”是对下文内容的概括总结。故选E项。 解析 A.Instead，try to make up for lost time. B.All they expect is that you do your best. C.Confidence is built on a sense of accomplishment. D.Therefore，they spare no effort to satisfy parents’expectations. E.Negative experiences also have a huge impact on self-confidence. F.The reasons for low self-confidence often differ from person to person. G.Low self-confidence，in contrast，will make you feel unsuccessful，unmotivated and inferior to others. √ The good news is that your self-confidence can be improved.Firstly，work on positive thinking.A positive attitude will lead to positive results.Do not worry about letting others down. 4 Turn your negative thoughts into positive ones. 上文“Do not worry about letting others down.”中的others和B项“他们所期望的就是你尽你最大的努力。”中的they指代一致，构成内容上的承接关系，指出了不要担心让别人失望，因为他们所期望的就是你尽你最大的努力。故选B项。 解析 A.Instead，try to make up for lost time. B.All they expect is that you do your best. C.Confidence is built on a sense of accomplishment. D.Therefore，they spare no effort to satisfy parents’expectations. E.Negative experiences also have a huge impact on self-confidence. F.The reasons for low self-confidence often differ from person to person. G.Low self-confidence，in contrast，will make you feel unsuccessful，unmotivated and inferior to others. √ You can always talk to yourself in a positive way，such as “I can do it！” or “I’ll give it another try！” Secondly，set realistic goals for yourself and visualize yourself achieving these goals. 5 It is important to break down the overall goal into smaller and more measurable tasks. 根据上文“Secondly，set realistic goals for yourself and visualize yourself achieving these goals.”可知，提升自信的第二个方法就是为自己设定现实的目标并想象自己实现这些目标的情景，与C项“自信建立在成就感之上。”构成因果关系，说明了为自己设定现实的目标，想象自己实现这些目标的情景是因为自信建立在实现目标的成就感之上。故选C项。 解析 For those tasks you are not so sure about，ask your friends or family for advice.Also understand that it is perfectly normal if you do not succeed in completing a task.Finally，permit yourself to make mistakes，but be sure to recognize your mistakes and make a plan to avoid them in the future. Most people have the creativity to come up with a new idea.It could be anything：a smartphone app，a concept to improve education，or an invention to help people in need.This creativity is the driving force needed to produce something and become a successful entrepreneur(企业家). 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了想象力和奉献精神是通往成功的重要因素。 Ⅴ.语法填空 Education levels do not matter in this case.From people with little education 1.______ those with advanced degrees，their hearts and minds must 2. (fill) with imagination in order to succeed. to 1.考查介词。根据“From people with little education”和“those with advanced degrees”可推知，此处为固定短语from...to...“从……到……”，符合题意。故填to。 2.考查动词语态。空处和must构成句子的谓语，fill“(使)充满”和主语their hearts and minds之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，情态动词后be动词应用原形。故填be filled。 解析 be filled In fact，this essential element of imagination often thrives among people who have few resources.These people tend to look at things in a different way from those 3._______ have everything given to them.It may be easier to “think outside the box” when resources are not easily available. who 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，先行词为指示代词，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。 解析 When there is a real need，the motivation to create and devise solutions is even 4.__________(strong). stronger 考查形容词比较级。even通常与比较级连用，表示“更加……”，空处应用strong的比较级形式。故填stronger。 解析 5. (commit)，not cash，is what leads to success.It is dedication(奉献) that turns ideas into realities.Thomas Edison,6._______ inventor of the light bulb，is the perfect example of someone who was committed to success. Commitment 5.考查名词。空处作主语，commit的名词形式commitment符合题意，意为“奉献”，不可数，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Commitment。 6.考查冠词。根据“of the light bulb”可知，此处特指电灯泡的发明者，空处应用定冠词the。故填the。 解析 the According to Forbes magazine，Edison tried over 1,000 times 7.________ (invent) a working light bulb. to invent 考查非谓语动词。空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用invent的不定式形式。故填to invent。 解析 When he was asked how he felt about 8. (fail) so many times，Edison responded，“I didn’t fail 1,000 times.The light bulb was an invention with 1,000 9. (step).” failing 8.考查非谓语动词。空处作about的宾语，应用fail的动名词形式。故填failing。 9.考查名词复数。空处作with的宾语，空前有“1,000”，step为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填steps。 解析 steps Even if resources are not easily accessible，a committed entrepreneur will find a way to pursue his or 10. (she) ideas. her 考查代词。空处作定语修饰名词ideas，应用形容词性物主代词her。故填her。 解析 返 回 本课结束 $