Unit 4 Breaking Boundaries 主题类文拓展阅读（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版·新教材）

本讲义核心围绕约翰·斯诺探究霍乱病源及控制疫情的过程展开，梳理从霍乱危害背景、两种传播理论争议、斯诺地图标记与证据收集到移除水泵手柄阻断传播的完整事件脉络，配套关键词汇（如cholera、epidemiology）、复杂句式分析（如so...that...复合句）及练习题，构建系统学习支架。 该资料以叙事性文章为载体，通过分析斯诺用地图标记死亡地点的逻辑推理过程，培养学生分析问题、解决问题的思维品质。结合词汇表和句式结构解析，助力提升语言理解与表达能力。课中教师可引导学生梳理事件脉络，课后学生可借助词汇、句式解析及练习题巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

(选自人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1) JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. In general，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct，but he still needed proof.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16,37,38，and 40)．However，some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer，and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.What is more，in another part of London，a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through Snow’s tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However，cholera is still a problem.Each year，millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 1．Which of the following did John Snow believe in? A．Bad air caused cholera. B．What people ate or drank caused cholera. C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger. D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean. 答案　B 2．What was the key to finding the evidence? A．The government. B．The water company. C．The map marked by John Snow. D．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. 答案　C 3．What made “King Cholera” controlled at last? A．Using medicines in hospital. B．Driving patients out of the country. C．Dealing with the polluted water. D．Getting rid of all kinds of pollution. 答案　C 4．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence? A．Cholera germs multiplied in the water. B．Polluted water carried the virus. C．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found. 答案　B 本文是一篇按照时间顺序记叙事件发展过程的叙事性文章。主要介绍了约翰·斯诺探究霍乱病源、切断感染病源，并最终阻止霍乱流行的过程与方法。 1．cholera n．霍乱 2．diarrhoea n．腹泻 3．dehydration n．脱水 4．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 5．once and for all 最终地；彻底地 6．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 7．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌 8．epidemiology n．流行病学 1．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. [结构分析] 本句是复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，作动词discovered的宾语；在该从句中含有一个so...that...引导的结果状语从句。 [汉语翻译] 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 2．The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. [结构分析] 本句是复合句。句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个关系代词who都引导定语从句，都在从句中作主语，分别修饰先行词people和those。 [汉语翻译] 与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $