Unit 1 Period 1 Starting out（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版·新教材）

本高中英语讲义围绕“成年”主题构建学习支架，涵盖核心词汇（如integrity, virtue, licence等）及拓展（派生词、同义词），主题分类（成长过程、家庭社交等），语篇《The Age of Majority》阅读与理解，以及as if从句、the way定语从句等语法点，形成从词汇积累到语篇应用的完整脉络。 该资料通过词汇关联对比、语篇分析与写作结合等设计，提升语言能力（词汇运用、语篇理解）和思维品质（分析推断）。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可借助主题微写作、语法练习等查漏补缺，如通过“commitment”一词的用法讲解与写作应用，强化知识内化与运用能力。

晨背知识清单 词汇 含义及拓展 integrity n.正直诚实 virtue n.美德 licence n.执照 a driver’s/driving licence 驾照 loan n.(银行等的)贷款v.借出，贷给(尤指钱) take out a loan 贷款 *adulthood n.成年 adult n．成年人 adj.成年的；成熟的 grown-up 成年人 *milestone n.重大事件，里程碑 election n.选举 elect v．选举 [派]elective adj.选修的；可选择的 elect to do sth决定/选择做某事 elect sb as...选举某人当…… wage n．(按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金 [同]salary n．薪水，薪金(尤指按月发放的) high/low wages高/低薪 tax n.税v.对……征税；使大伤脑筋 charge/pay taxes收/缴税 have a say 有发言权 behind the wheel 在驾驶汽车 wheel n．车轮；方向盘 ambulance n.救护车 Call an ambulance! 叫救护车！ legal adj.合法的 [派]illegal adj.违法的，非法的 legally adv.法律上；合法地 It is legal (for sb) to do sth. (某人)做某事是合法的。 mature adj.成熟的，明白事理的 take responsibility for 为……负责 [同]be responsible for instantly adv.立即，马上 instant adj.即刻的，立即的 n．片刻，瞬间 *childhood n.童年，儿童时代 child n．儿童，小孩 *obey v.服从；遵守 [派]disobey v．不遵守；不服从 *subtle adj.难以察觉的；微妙的 [反]obvious adj.明显的；显然的 subtle changes/differences细微的变化/差异 gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的 [派]gradually adv.逐渐地 *selfish adj.自私的 [反]unselfish adj.无私的 selfless adj.无私的 [派]selfishly adv.自私地 selfishness n．自私 organ donation 器官捐献 approval n.赞成，同意 approve vt.批准vi.同意，赞同 [派]approving adj.赞许的；赞成的，同意的 approved adj.得到正式认可的 disapprove v．不赞成，不同意 no doubt 无疑地；确实地 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… doubt v．怀疑；不相信 n．疑问，疑惑 [派]doubtful adj.怀疑的 *steady adj.稳定的 [同]stable [派]steadily adv.稳定地；稳步地 [反]unsteady adj.颤抖的；摇晃的 *tempt v.诱惑，引诱 [派]tempting adj.吸引人的，诱人的 temptation n．引诱，诱惑 tempt sb to do sth诱惑某人做某事 librarian n.图书馆管理员 library n．图书馆 household adj.家庭的n.家庭；一家人 *commute n.每天上班的路程 *deposit n.订金；押金；存款 vt.存储；使沉积 commitment n.投入，花费 commit vt.& vi.犯(罪)，犯(错)；承诺，保证 [派]committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 suitable adj.合适的 suit v．适合 n．套装 [派]unsuitable adj.不合适的 minimum adj.最小的，最少的 n．最小值，最少量 [反]maximum adj.(数量)最高的，最多的 n．最大量，最大值 mini adj.小的；短的n.迷你型 minimum requirements最低要求 *bittersweet adj.苦乐参半的 *boarder n.寄宿生，住校生 board n．板，木板，甲板；董事会；伙食，膳食 on board在(船、火车、飞机等)上 aboard adv.& prep.在(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等)上； 上(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等) go aboard上(船、火车、飞机等) varied adj.各种各样的 vary vi.(根据情况)改变，变化 [派]variety n．不同种类，多种式样 various adj.各种各样的 *cherish v.重视，珍视 [同]treasure，value routine n.惯例，习惯 daily routine日常事务 establish/break a routine养成习惯/打破常规 *primeval adj.原始的，远古的 boa constrictor 蟒蛇 in the act of 正在做…… *swallow v.吞下，咽下；默默忍受 n．吞，咽；燕 sallow up 吞没；淹没；吞并；用尽 *prey n.猎物vi.捕食 prey on/upon 捕食 chew v.咀嚼 chewing gum口香糖 digestion n.消化(过程) digest v．消化(食物)；领会 n．摘要；文摘 *ponder v.仔细考虑，深思 ponder over思考；考虑；深思 *masterpiece n.杰作 lay aside 把……搁置一边 devote oneself to 致力于，献身于 devote vt.献身；致力于，专心于 [派]devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；专心 *arithmetic n.算术 *disheartened adj.沮丧的，灰心的 *tiresome adj.烦人的，令人厌烦的 [同]annoying adj.令人讨厌的 a tiresome child/job烦人的孩子/工作 at a glance 一瞥，看一眼 glance at瞥一眼 distinguish...from... 把……和……区分开 distinguish v．区分；辨别；使出众 [派]distinguished adj.杰出的；著名的 be concerned with 与……有关；关心/关注…… concerned adj.关心的；担心的 concern v．与……有关；涉及；让(某人)担忧 n．担心；关心 [派]concerning prep.关于；涉及 consequence n.后果 consequent adj.随之发生的 [派]consequently adv.所以，因此 *intimately adv.亲密地；密切地 close at hand 在附近；在近旁 golf n.高尔夫球运动 play golf打高尔夫 politics n.政治 [派]political adj.政治的 politician n．政治家；政客 *necktie n.领带 be pleased to do 很乐意做；高兴去做 [同]be satisfied to do/be content to do please vt.使满意；使愉快 [派]pleased adj.高兴的；满意的 pleasing adj.令人愉悦的；令人满意的 pleasant adj.令人愉快的；宜人的；友好的 pleasure n．[U]高兴，愉快；[C]乐事 evidence n.证据 [同]proof evident adj.清楚的；显然的 [派]evidently adv.明显地 airline n.航空公司 international airlines国际航空公司 *memorable adj.难忘的 memory n．记忆力；记忆 memoriz(s)e vt.记住 bond n.纽带，关系 v．与……密切联系 a close/an emotional bond紧密的关系/情感纽带 conclusion n.结论 conclude v．得出结论，推断出；(使)结束 Growth Process (成长过程) childhood(童年)　　　adolescence(青春期) adulthood(成年)　　　maturity(成熟) milestone(里程碑)　　physical change(身体变化) emotional development(情感发展) Family & Social Interaction (家庭与社交) sibling(兄弟姐妹)　　　　friend(朋友) peer pressure(同伴压力)　interpersonal relationship(人际关系) social skill(社交技能)　　communication(沟通) independence(独立)　　　responsibility(责任) Education & Learning (教育与学习) course/curriculum(课程)　　　extracurricular activity(课外活动) knowledge(知识)　　　　　　skill(技能) curiosity(求知欲)　　　　　　academic achievement(学业成就) critical thinking(批判性思维)　higher education(高等教育) lifelong learning(终身学习) Challenges & Difficulties (挑战与困难) challenge(挑战)　　　　　difficulty(困难) failure(失败)　　　　　　 setback(挫折) perseverance(毅力)　　　　problem-solving(解决问题) coping strategy(应对策略)　self-esteem(自尊) confidence(自信) Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 1．Why can’t Bethany wait to be 18? A．Because she is eager to work. B．Because she wants to leave school. C．Because she desires to get the vote and a driving licence. D．Because she wants to have a say on how the government spends the taxes. 答案　C 2．Which words can be used to describe Lin Ning after his 18th birthday? A．Positive and caring. B．Mature and free. C．Caring and responsible. D．Independent and generous. 答案　　C 3．What does the word “commitment” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Hope. B．Promise. C．Willingness. D．Belief. 答案　　B 4．Which of the following is another suitable title for the passage? A．Eighteen—the Age of Indecision B．Teenagers’ Hopes for the Future C．The Right to Vote—Your Views D．Turning Eighteen—What Does It Mean? 答案　D The Age of Majority In most countries，turning 18 marks the start of adulthood.But what does reaching this milestone，the age of majority1，really mean？Will you be completely in charge of2 your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways? What new responsibilities will this freedom bring？[1]Here，three young people tell us what turning 18 means，or meant，to them. [1]此句是主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作means和meant的宾语。 词块翻译： 1．法定成年年龄 2．掌管，负责 Bethany　16，Victoria，Australia I can’t wait to3 be 18.[2]One reason is that although I’ve been working ever since4 leaving school，I won’t be voting in the next general election5.Why？Because I still won’t be old enough.[3]Surely，if you’re old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes6，you should be allowed to have a say7 on how the government spends them! I’ve also been taking driving lessons，and in fact I will be taking my driving test on the very day I turn 18.My mum worries about me being behind the wheel8.As an ambulance driver，she’s seen a lot of car accidents involving teenagers and thinks the legal age for getting a driving licence9 should be 21.[4]But I think I’m already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for10 my life and the lives of other people. [2]此句是主从复合句。that引导表语从句，该从句中含有although引导的让步状语从句。 [3]此句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句；how引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。 [4]此句是主从复合句。think后面的“I’m already mature...”是省略了that的宾语从句，该从句中的that引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语；动名词短语taking...other people作动词means的宾语。 3.迫不及待做某事 4.自……以来 5．大选，普选 6．交税，纳税 7．有发言权 8．在驾驶汽车 9．驾照 10．对……负责 Lin Ning　19，Shanghai，China I celebrated my 18th birthday just before I went to university11.I expected to feel instantly different，as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.But it wasn’t like that.[5]When I woke up12 the next day，there were still rules to obey and lessons to attend.In fact，the change has been more subtle and gradual than I imagined.Instead of13 being the selfish teenager I used to be，I have begun to feel more aware of14 other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility15.To give an example，I will be signing an organ donation agreement16 this time tomorrow.This was a big decision for me，so I asked my parents for their approval first.Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me.I was really surprised when a bank contacted me with a credit card offer17.Of course，I would like to have more freedom with money and no doubt18 I will be getting a credit card at some point，but I currently don’t have a steady income，so getting a credit card might tempt me to19 spend more money than I have! [5]此句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句；to obey和to attend是不定式作后置定语，分别修饰rules和lessons。 11.上大学 12．醒来 13．代替，而不是 14．意识到 15．一种更强烈的社会责任感 16．签订器官捐献协议 17．提供信用卡 18．无疑地；确实地 19．诱惑某人做某事 Morgan　20，Florida，the US [6]People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives20，and that we should become more independent.I used to believe this，but the reality for me has been very different.[7]I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18，but how wrong I was！My librarian’s salary means that I’ll be living at home with my parents for a while longer.[8]Because I contribute to21 the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive，I find it hard to save any money.I’ll be starting a new job next month，however，so maybe things will get easier.I know I could get a bank loan22 to pay the deposit on23 my very own apartment，but I don’t feel ready to make that kind of commitment24，and I do like my mom’s cooking.I guess some responsibilities are more about attitude than age. [6]此句是主从复合句。两个that均引导宾语从句，作say的宾语。 [7]此句是并列复合句。but连接并列句；I’d already...和that I’d be moving into...是由and连接的两个宾语从句，其引导词都是that，在第一个宾语从句中that可省略，而在第二个宾语从句中that不可省略。第二个宾语从句中含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 [8]此句是主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句；主句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to save any money。 20.人生的新篇章 21．导致，带来；有助于；对……做出贡献 22．获得银行贷款 23．支付……的订金 24．做出承诺 析篇章结构 instantly adv.立即，马上(instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的 n．瞬间；片刻) [教材原句P3]I expected to feel instantly different，as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。 [人教版]Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes，and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。 in an instant立刻；马上 for an instant刹那间；一瞬间 the instant...＝instantly...一……就…… 引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”的其他表达还有as soon as，the moment/minute/second，immediately/directly等。 (1)I gave the librarian the alarm instantly(instant) I saw the smoke in the distance. (2)Just for an instant I came to realize he wasn’t going to obey the rule from his subtle expression. [写作佳句] (3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我一看到冈特，就朝他露出温暖的笑容，给了他一个大大的拥抱。 I beamed a warm smile at Gunter and gave him a big hug the instant/the moment/the second/the minute/instantly/immediately/directly/as soon as I saw him. approval n．赞成，同意；认可；批准，通过(approve vi.赞成，同意 vt.批准，通过；认可 approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 disapprove v．不赞成，不同意 approved adj.得到正式认可的) [教材原句P3]This was a big decision for me，so I asked my parents for their approval first. 这对我来说是一个重大的决定，所以我先征求了父母的同意。 [人教版]In other countries，by contrast，eye contact is not always approved of. 相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 ·give approval to 给予某人或某事批准或认可 meet with/win/earn one’s approval 得到某人的认可 ·approve of (sb/sb’s) doing sth 同意/赞成(某人)做某事 approve sth 批准/通过某事 (1)His organ donation program failed to meet with his parents’ approval(approve)． (2)We regret to inform you that the committee disapproved(approve) your proposal. (3)Her parents strongly approve of her pursuing a career in medicine. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之申请信)如果我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if my application could meet with/win/earn your approval. commitment n．投入，花费；承诺，保证 [commit vt.犯(罪或错等)；承诺，保证 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的；效忠的] [教材原句P4]I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit on my very own apartment，but I don’t feel ready to make that kind of commitment，and I do like my mom’s cooking. 我知道我可以申请银行贷款来支付我自己公寓的订金，但我觉得自己还没有准备好做出这样的承诺，而且我确实喜欢妈妈做的饭。 [译林版]To sum up，being a good journalist requires writing skills，curiosity and commitment to finding the truth.总而言之，做一名好记者需要写作技巧、好奇心和发现真相的决心。 ·make a commitment to do sth承诺/许诺做某事 ·commit oneself to (sth/do sth/doing sth)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排) commit oneself to (doing) sth / be committed to (doing) sth致力于/全心全意地投入(做)某事 (1)One will not get away with legal systems，if he or she commits a crime.词义：vt.犯(罪或错等) (2) Both sides committed themselves to settle the conflicts peacefully.词义：vt.承诺，保证 (3)If you are serious about our relationship，you should make a commitment(commit)． [写作佳句] (4)The selfless old man always commits himself to helping these homeless children and as a consequence，he is well respected and admired. →Always committing himself to helping these homeless children，the selfless old man is well respected and admired.(现在分词短语作状语) →Always committed to helping these homeless children，the selfless old man is well respected and admired.(形容词短语作状语) suitable adj.合适的；适宜的 (suit n．西装；套装 vt.适合；适宜) [教材原句P4]Choose another suitable title for the passage and give your reasons. 为这篇文章选择另一个合适的标题，并给出你的理由。 ·be suitable for sb (某物)适合某人 be suitable to do sth适合做某事 ·a suit of...一套…… ·suit...to...使……适合(或适应)…… (1)The man seemed to be in his forties，smartly dressed in a suit and tie.词义：n.西装 (2)The skirt is too long and the colour doesn’t suit you.词义：vt.适合 (3)[北师大版]But then they realised that it might not be suitable(suit) for a marketplace where products and services are in direct competition with each other. [写作佳句] (4)(2024·全国甲，书面表达)这些发展表明了中国在建立现代高效交通网络方面的进展，该网络适合在便利性和环境责任之间取得平衡。 These developments demonstrate China’s progress towards establishing a modern and efficient transportation network that is suitable for balancing convenience with environmental responsibility. as if/though引导方式状语从句 [教材原句P3]I expected to feel instantly different，as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. 我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏入一个全新的成人世界。 [结构分析]本句为复合句，as if...adult world为as if引导的方式状语从句，从句谓语动词用had done，表示从句发生的情况与过去事实相反。 as if/though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句。具体用法如下： ·如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气； ·如果从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： (1)与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词常用were)； (2)与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时； (3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might＋do。 ·as if/though引导的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。 (1)天空中乌云密布，似乎要下雨了。 There were masses of clouds in the sky and it seemed as if it was going to rain. (2)他如此冷静，表现得好像什么都没发生似的。 So calm was he that he behaved as if nothing had happened. (3)虽然他们第一次见面，但彼此交谈得如此亲密，仿佛他们是老朋友。 Although they are meeting for the first time，they talk so intimately with each other as if they were old friends. (4)他张了张嘴，似乎要对我说些什么，然后摇了摇头，大步走开了。 He opened his lips as if to say something to me and then strode away，shaking his head.(省略句) the way作先行词的定语从句 [教材原句P3]Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me. 满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。 [结构分析]本句为复合句，句中that society viewed me为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。从句引导词为that，在从句中作状语。 way(方式，方法)后的定语从句的引导词有两种： ·在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作主语或宾语，要用that或which引导定语从句，引导词作宾语时可以省略。 ·在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作状语，则用that或in which引导定语从句，也可以省略引导词。 (1)那位老师向孩子们解释的方法很简单。 The way (that/which) the teacher explained to the children was quite simple. (2)他是如此的傲慢以至于没有人喜欢他说话的方式。 He is so proud that nobody likes the way (that/in which) he speaks. more...than... [教材原句P4]I guess some responsibilities are more about attitude than age. 我觉得要想负起一些责任，更多的是关乎态度，而不是年龄。 [结构分析]本句为简单句；句中的more...than...意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。 ·more...than...结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than 后接形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。 ·more than＋ (1)与其说他是个科学家，不如说是个哲学家(philosopher)，总是在思索生命的深刻意义 。 He is more a philosopher than a scientist，always pondering over life’s profound meanings. (2)日落之美非言语所能形容。 The beauty of the sunset is more than what words can describe. (3)(应用文写作之邀请信)I would be more than delighted(我会非常高兴) if you could come and join in my birthday party at 7 p．m.next Friday at my home.There will be more than ten friends(将会有十几个朋友) present at the party.The party is more than for fun(不仅仅是为了玩)；it is also for mutual communication.So please accept my sincere invitation. Ⅰ.品句猜词 1．The problem is currently taxing the brains of the nation’s experts.v.使大伤脑筋 2．The bank was willing to loan① him a large quantity of money and allowed him to pay back the loan② over a period of three years. ①v.借出，贷给(尤指钱) 　②n.(银行等的)贷款 3．When renting an apartment，a deposit① is paid as a guarantee.Many also deposit② a portion of their income into a bank savings account for financial stability. ①n.押金　②vt.存储 Ⅱ.单词拼写 1．The moment she heard the good news，her face lit up instantly(立即) with joy. 2．Equipped with a good command of skills，he is considered as the most suitable candidate. 3．Her integrity(正直诚实) and virtue are unquestioned，earning her the respect of everyone around. 4．At the beginning of this new term，all the students conscientiously obeyed the rules of the school. 5．Through a gradual(逐渐的) process of perseverance，she created a cherished masterpiece. 6．When commuting during rush hours，I take the route with a minimum(最少的) travel time to avoid traffic. 7. Reaching adulthood grants you access to a range of legal rights and responsibilities. 8．A mature driver knows that a driving licence is not just a permit but a responsibility. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．It is known to us all that friendship means being committed(commit) to others. 2．The government’s proposal for a new tax reform received widespread approval(approve) from the public. 3．As far as I am concerned，reaching adulthood means taking responsibility for what we are doing. 4．Having a good command of English，I am easily elected as an assistant to my English teacher. 5．He behaved as if nothing had happened(happen)，though he was deeply hurt inside. 6．She was impressed by the way that he presented his ideas at the meeting. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 In most countries，turning 18 1.marks(mark) the start of adulthood.In this passage，three young people tell us 2.what turning 18 means，or meant，to them. 16-year-old girl Bethany says turning 18 means she is old enough 3.to vote(vote) in the election and have a say on how the government spends the taxes.Though Bethany’s mum，an ambulance driver，worries about her being behind the wheel，Bethany thinks she can take 4.responsibility(responsible) for her life and the lives of other people. Lin Ning，a 19-year-old from Shanghai in China，celebrated his 18th birthday just before he 5.went (go) to university.He expected to feel 6.instantly(instant) different，but it wasn’t like that.In fact，the change has been more gradual and subtle than he imagined.Instead of 7.being(be) the selfish teenager he used to be，he has begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop 8. a stronger sense of social responsibility. Morgan，a 20-year-old from Florida in the US，used to believe he should become 9.more independent(independence) at the age of 18，but the reality for him has been very different.Because he contributes to the household bills and his commute to work is quite expensive，he finds 10.it hard to save any money. 作业1　Starting out & Understanding ideas [分值：62分] Ⅰ.短语填空(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分) 1．I’m looking for the person who is in charge of(掌管) the company. 2．Everyone in the team has a say(有发言权) in making important decisions that affect our project. 3．Sarah took responsibility for(对……负责) the project when it fell behind schedule. 4．Her hard work has contributed to(对……做出贡献) the company’s success over the past year. 5．After she entered high school，Emma felt aware of(意识到) the increasing study pressure. 6．Turning 18 tempted him to(诱惑他做……) stay out late with friends，even though it meant breaking his parents’ rules. Ⅱ.主题微写作——申请成为志愿者(满分15分) 1．我一得知孤儿院需要志愿者，就迫不及待地报名了。(the instant；can’t wait to do) The instant I learned that volunteers were wanted in the orphanage，I couldn’t wait to sign up for it. 2．我不仅外向，而且非常愿意为我们的社会做出贡献。(more than＋形容词；make contributions to) Not only am I outgoing，but I am also more than glad to make contributions to our society. 3．我与孩子们交流的方式也得到了周围人的认可。(the way作先行词的定语从句；approve) The way I communicate with children is also well approved by the people around. 4．在我看来，没有人比我更适合这份工作。(suitable) As far as I’m concerned，no one is more suitable for the job than me. 5．如果被接纳为志愿者，我将致力于努力工作。(commit...to...) If admitted to be a volunteer，I will commit myself to working hard. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2024·广东广州高二上期末) As a teacher for a decade, I find that college kids want to carve their routes and live out their journeys.But so many of them don’t know what they want to do—what major to choose? What career to pursue? What topic to write their papers on? More importantly, they wonder why any of these things really matters. One of the best books I have read is Dr.Meg Jay’s The Defining Decade.Basically, Dr.Meg Jay explains one’s 20s have an enormous effect across years and even generations to come, in terms of careers, families, friends, and relationships.She states that our brain completes the second and last growth peak in our 20s as it rewires itself for true adulthood. From the time we are in primary school, people ask us what we want to be when we grow up.I once asked my friend’s eight-year-old the question and she said, “I’m just a kid; I have no way of knowing what I want to be when I’m an adult.” Maybe the questions should be: What means something to you? What makes you happy? What do you care about regardless of any rewards? This train of thought may benefit all. In a world of easy access, today’s students can find everything they need after a few clicks on the Internet.Sure, that’s great, quick and convenient.But there is something important missed in the hunt—persistence(坚持), patience, and concentration.So I’m grateful that when I was in college, I still had to visit the library to find the resources I needed to write a research paper.During this process, I reflected on what truly made me happy and what I genuinely cared about. My friend Brandon recently told me that he often woke up in the early morning and realized things he cared about were not what he devoted his life to, because he took the way that others considered good when he was in his 20s, instead of the way that was right for him.What you want to be when you grow up is something that may change throughout your life, but it’s likely that your passion and motivation will always come along. 1．What idea does Dr.Meg Jay express in her book? A．One’s twenties matter a great deal in one’s life. B．The brain is in its most active stage in our 20s. C．One’s career choice affects their family members. D．The old have a long-time influence on the young. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Basically, Dr.Meg Jay explains one’s 20s have an enormous effect across years and even generations to come, in terms of careers, families, friends, and relationships.”可知，Meg Jay博士在书中表示一个人20多岁的时候对其一生意义重大。故选A。 2．Why does the author include a series of questions in paragraph 3? A．To help people find out what they truly love. B．To call on people to make plans for the future. C．To encourage people to have a positive attitude. D．To warn people to learn life skills at an early age. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Maybe the questions should be: What means something to you? What makes you happy? What do you care about regardless of any rewards? This train of thought may benefit all.”并结合上文提到人们常问的问题不能真正帮助孩子规划未来可知，作者提出这些问题是为了帮助人们找到他们真正喜欢的东西。故选A。 3．What is the author’s attitude towards students’ turning to the Internet? A．Favorable. B．Optimistic. C．Objective. D．Uncaring. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Sure, that’s great, quick and convenient.But there is something important missed in the hunt—persistence(坚持), patience, and concentration.”可知，作者对学生向互联网寻求答案的态度是客观的，既给予肯定，也讲了弊端。故选C。 4．What can we learn from Brandon’s story? A．Laziness in youth spells regret in old age. B．Our dreams keep changing throughout life. C．Our life journey is always full of uncertainties. D．We should follow our hearts and live a full life. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Brandon的经历说明了别人认为好的路并不一定是适合自己的路，你想成为什么样的人可能会发生变化，但你的激情和动力会一直伴随着你。由此可知，作者通过Brandon的故事想说明：我们应该追随自己的内心，过充实的人生。故选D。 B (此篇精读) (2024·广东佛山高二上期末) With growing awareness of the gender gap in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) fields, where women hold only 27% of jobs, Chinese researchers have explored a cause influencing women’s participation in STEM careers.They studied how teen girls can be influenced by their own peers who believe the inaccurate stereotype(刻板印象) that boys are better at math. The study found that when surrounded by peers holding this stereotype, middle-school girls scored lower on math tests.This influence even persisted into college, impacting women’s math performance and self-confidence.The researchers suggest dealing with this issue during the middle school period to reduce the negative impact on women’s long-term STEM engagement. Middle school is considered a critical developmental stage where teens are forming a stronger sense of self separate from their parents.This change often makes teens more likely to be influenced by the opinions of their peers.It’s also a period when, objectively measured by standardized tests, girls on average have better math skills than boys.However, teens may not realize it. In some middle schools in China, the researchers studied the potential role of peer-pressure beliefs of the gendered math stereotype.In classrooms where the belief that boys’ natural ability in studying math is greater than that of girls’ was significantly higher than the standard, girls’ later performance on math tests was lower than the results for boys.Moreover, girls in these classrooms were less likely to participate in math-related out-of-class activities.They were also less likely to feel that their teachers paid attention to them and offered praise, leading to lower math-related self-confidence. The researchers conclude that preventing the harm from gender math stereotyping requires a change of the social environment for children and young adults, in addition to focusing on changing girls’ attitudes and choices. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，中学女生在受到同龄人的数学性别刻板印象影响时，数学考试成绩会降低，这种影响甚至会持续到大学，影响女性的数学表现和自信心。 5．What is the focus of the study? A．Inaccurate stereotypes of STEM. B．Women’s participation in STEM. C．Teen girls’ academic performance. D．Gender stereotype’s influence on girls. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They studied how teen girls can be influenced by their own peers who believe the inaccurate stereotype(刻板印象) that boys are better at math.”可知，研究的重点为性别刻板印象对女孩的影响。故选D。 6．What fact may teens ignore according to paragraph 3? A．Girls do better in math than boys. B．Teens have strong self-confidence. C．Teens are experiencing a key stage. D．Girls are easily affected by their peers. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’s also a period when, objectively measured by standardized tests, girls on average have better math skills than boys.However, teens may not realize it.”可知，青少年可能忽略了女孩的数学比男孩好这一事实。故选A。 7．What may be the consequence for girls in classrooms with higher levels of gender stereotype? A．They score high in standardized tests. B．They are often praised by math teachers. C．They show low confidence in math tests. D．They take an active part in school’s math club. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In classrooms where...leading to lower math-related self-confidence.”可知，性别刻板印象水平较高的教室里的女孩可能会对数学考试缺乏信心。故选C。 8. What is suggested for educators based on the study? A．Making math more accessible to girls. B．Asking girls to focus more attentively on class. C．Giving girls more instruction in math problems. D．Supporting a fundamental social transformation. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers conclude...a change of the social environment for children and young adults, in addition to focusing on changing girls’ attitudes and choices.”可知，根据这项研究，教育工作者应支持改变社会环境。故选D。 [词汇积累] 1．participation n．参与；参加→participate v．参与；参加→participant n．参与者 2．peer n．同龄人 3．inaccurate adj.不准确的→accurate adj.精确的；准确的→accuracy n．准确；准确性 4．gendered adj.性别化的 [句式分析] With growing awareness of the gender gap in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) fields, where women hold only 27% of jobs, Chinese researchers have explored a cause influencing women’s participation in STEM careers. 分析：本句为复合句。“With＋名词”结构在句中作状语；where引导定语从句，修饰STEM fields；influencing women’s participation in STEM careers作a cause的后置定语。 翻译：随着人们越来越意识到STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)领域的性别差距，中国研究人员探索了影响女性参与STEM职业的一个原因。在STEM领域，女性只担任27%的职位。 Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) (2025·广东阳江高二上期中) Rehan Staton，a 24-year-old former cleaner，was admitted into Harvard Law School.Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to 1 him and his brother.Growing up was tough and he used to 2 in school.One teacher even suggested he 3 to a special education class.But under the 4 of a tutor，he ended up making the 5 roll. In high school，he used to be an athlete, 6 on martial arts and boxing.However，an injury ruined the 7 of him turning professional in sports，and he got 8 by every college he had applied to.Instead of pursuing higher education，Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal to support his family.There，his co-workers 9 his spirits.Motivated by them，he 10 in Bowie State University in 2014，and in 2016，he 11 to the University of Maryland.Then，he took the Law School Admission Test(LSAT) and applied to nine schools. When reading the law school 12 emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement. 13 ，Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School—and he’ll never forget all the 14 people who helped him get there. “Throughout this time，people often ask me，‘How did you do it？’ It’s more so how could I not do it when everyone is breaking their 15 for me，and pushing for me to win，” he said. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了24岁的前清洁工雷汉·斯塔顿在别人的帮助下，最终被哈佛大学法学院录取的故事。 1．A.stand by B．object to C．provide for D．call on 答案　C 解析　stand by支持；object to反对；provide for供养；call on号召。根据上文“Staton was raised by a single father who worked hard to”可知，父亲努力工作养活他和他的兄弟。故选C。 2．A.entertain B．compete C．mature D．struggle 答案　D 解析　entertain娱乐；compete比赛；mature使成熟；struggle挣扎。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师建议他转到特殊教育班，说明他过去在学校里很挣扎。故选D。 3．A.listen B．switch C．yield D．refer 答案　B 解析　listen听；switch转变；yield产生；refer参考。根据后文“to a special education class”可知，老师甚至建议他转到特殊教育班。故选B。 4．A.burden B．control C．protection D．guidance 答案　D 解析　burden负担；control控制；protection保护；guidance指导。根据前文的“But”和后文“of a tutor，he ended up making the roll”可知，有了老师的指导，他最终进入了优秀生名单。故选D。 5．A.honor B．pay C．class D．guest 答案　A 解析　honor荣誉；pay工资；class班级；guest客人。根据上文“he ended up making the”可知，此处为短语honor roll，表示“(大、中学的)优秀生名单，光荣榜”。故选A。 6．A.deciding B．taking C．focusing D．depending 答案　C 解析　decide决定；take带走；focus集中；depend依靠。根据后文“on martial arts and boxing”可知，他专注于武术和拳击。故选C。 7．A.luck B．interest C．fantasy D．chance 答案　D 解析　luck运气；interest兴趣；fantasy幻想；chance机会。根据上文“an injury ruined the”可知，一次受伤毁了他成为职业运动员的机会。故选D。 8．A.refused B．limited C．marked D．rated 答案　A 解析　refuse拒绝；limit限制；mark标记；rate评价。根据上文“an injury ruined the...in sports”可知，他因为受伤被大学拒绝了。故选A。 9．A.woke B．lifted C．brought D．kept 答案　B 解析　wake醒来；lift举起，振奋；bring带来；keep保持。根据后文“his spirits”以及“Motivated by them”可知，他的同事让他振作起来。故选B。 10．A.entered B．settled C．trusted D．lectured 答案　A 解析　enter加入，进入；settle解决；trust信任；lecture训斥。根据后文“in Bowie State University in 2014”可知，他进入大学。故选A。 11．A.stuck B．attended C．transferred D．belonged 答案　C 解析　stick卡住；attend参加；transfer转学；belong属于。根据后文“to the University of Maryland”可知，他后来转去了别的大学。故选C。 12．A.charity B．acceptance C．promotion D．inquiry 答案　B 解析　charity慈善；acceptance录取，接受；promotion提拔；inquiry询问。根据后文“emails，Staton and his friends were in shock and excitement”可知，他和他朋友们的震惊和兴奋说明收到了录取邮件。故选B。 13．A.Gradually B．Incredibly C．Eventually D．Literally 答案　C 解析　gradually逐渐地；incredibly难以置信地；eventually最后；literally字面地，确实地。根据后文“Staton chose to attend Harvard Law School”可知，他最终选择进入哈佛法学院。故选C。 14．A.optimistic B．supportive C．thoughtful D．pleasant 答案　B 解析　optimistic乐观的；supportive支持的；thoughtful体贴的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指他永远不会忘记所有支持他的人。故选B。 15．A.backs B．legs C．words D．routines 答案　A 解析　back后背；leg腿；word话语；routine常规。根据上文“everyone is breaking their”以及“people who helped him get there”可知，此处指每个人都在尽力帮助他，短语break one’s back表示“全力以赴”。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $