Unit 1 Period 4 Using Language（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版·新教材）

本讲义围绕钱学森与霍金的人物语篇，聚焦阅读策略（快读抓结构、细读析细节）、核心词汇短语（如break out, defend）及语法点（过去分词作状语、what引导名词性从句），通过图表填空、选择题、翻译练习等学习支架，帮助学生构建语篇理解与语言知识体系。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过科学家事迹阅读提升语篇分析能力，结合词汇语法练习强化语言运用，长难句解析培养思维品质。课中任务设计助力教师引导学生深入文本，课后练习与语法讲解帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，兼具教学实用性与学习指导性。

Period 4　Using Language Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below. 答案　1.spirit　2.aviation　3.pioneer　4.missile　5.father　6.drawing　7.sorrow　8.honoured Ⅱ.Skim the whole text to find out the main idea. The text introduces two great scientists—Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking. Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text Activity 1　Read the story about Qian Xuesen and choose the best answer. 1．Why did Qian Xuesen change his major to aviation at university? A．To join the army. B．To land a good job. C．To meet his interest. D．To serve his motherland. 答案　D 2．What order are paragraphs 2－5 written in? A．Time. B．Space. C．Logic. D．Flashback. 答案　A 3．What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage? A．His habit of reading a lot. B．His friends’ encouragement. C．His research in the United States. D．His intense interest in art like music and drawing. 答案　D 4．Which method does the author use to introduce Qian? A．Offering analysis. B．Providing details. C．Listing examples. D．Making comparisons. 答案　B Activity 2　Read the story about Stephen Hawking and do the following exercises. 5．How was Hawking’s own theory proven right? A．By his own abstract thought. B．By a professor at Cambridge. C．By astronomers with telescopes. D．By demonstrating his own theory. 答案　C 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．What qualities Hawking had. B．What made Hawking a great scientist. C．Why Hawking willingly admitted his faults. D．How he became one of the greatest thinkers. 答案　B 7．Which can best describe Hawking? A．Brave and careful. B．Careless and disabled. C．Learned and humorous. D．Determined and brilliant. 答案　D Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English. 1．对……有影响have an impact on 2．上学attend schools 3．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发break out 4．做出决定做某事make the decision to do sth 5．把……转变为……switch...to... 6．保卫国家defend the country 7．在……时间内over the course of 8．对……进行重要的研究conduct important research into 9．克服困难overcome difficulties 10．主管；掌管in charge of 11．阻止某人做某事discourage sb from doing sth 12．接受挑战take on the challenge 13．在某人的领导下under one’s leadership 14．追溯到be traced back to 15．以不同的方式in different ways 16．对……熟悉be familiar with 17．患(病)；染上(小病) come down with 18．获得名誉achieve fame 19．问答环节the question and answer period 20．指出 point out 21．犯错误 make a mistake 22．乐意做某事 be willing to do sth 23．梦想dream of/about 24．最重要的是；尤其是above all 25．承认错误 admit faults Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences. 1．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was an extremely well-respected man.(P7第一篇 Para.1) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man...devotion是过去分词短语作状语，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a man。 [汉语翻译] 钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 2．However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(P7第一篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，after引导的是时间状语从句，because引导的是原因状语从句，that引导的是宾语从句，作动词realised的宾语。 [汉语翻译] 不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 3．After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955.(P8第一篇 Para.4) [结构分析] 此句是简单句，After overcoming...是介词短语作状语。 [汉语翻译] 留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。 4．He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(P8第一篇 Para.4) [结构分析] 此句是简单句，received和was put是两个并列谓语，developing...是动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语。 [汉语翻译] 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 5．When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not？We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” (P8第一篇 Para.4) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句，that引导的是定语从句。 [汉语翻译] 有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。” 6．Under Qian’s leadership，China developed the Dongfeng missiles，followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.(P8第一篇 Para.5) [结构分析] 此句是简单句，followed by...是过去分词短语作定语。 [汉语翻译] 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。 7．Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to Qian’s research，Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”．(P8第一篇 Para.5) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，because引导的是原因状语从句。 [汉语翻译] 由于“神舟”系列飞船的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 8．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.(P8第二篇 Para.1) [结构分析] 此句是简单句，unable to move是形容词短语作定语，using a computer to talk是动词-ing形式作定语。 [汉语翻译] 大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。 9．Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought.(P8第二篇 Para.1) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，since引导的是原因状语从句，which引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a disease。 [汉语翻译] 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成一个抽象思维的世界。 10．Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk，as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.(P8第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句。 [汉语翻译] 霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。 11．The first was the steady state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning or end.(P8第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，且在该从句中包含that引导的宾语从句。 [汉语翻译] 第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终。 12．The other was the big bang theory，which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.(P8第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the big bang theory，that引导的是宾语从句，作动词holds的宾语。 [汉语翻译] 另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。 13．During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures，Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.(P8第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，stood up和pointed out是并列谓语，that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths是宾语从句。 [汉语翻译] 在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。 14．Once the maths was corrected，it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true.(P8－9第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，once引导的是状语从句，that引导的是宾语从句，从属连词that可省略。 [汉语翻译] 错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。 15．Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(P9第二篇 Para.3) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，though sometimes careless 是状语从句的省略，完整形式是though he was sometimes careless。what he said or did是宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。 [汉语翻译] 除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。 16．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.(P9第二篇 Para.3) [结构分析] 此句是复合句，what others were afraid to say和what others were afraid to dream about是宾语从句。 [汉语翻译] 他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 [教材原句P7]However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 [译林版]The cries of women broke out；the men looked at each other，but were silent. 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。 break away from脱离/挣脱…… break down出故障；坏掉；失败；(身体等)垮掉；消除 break in插话；破门而入 break into强行闯入；突然开始 break up打碎；结束；(关系等)破裂 [选词填空] (1)He was giving a vivid account of what had happened when his son broke into the room. (2)Only then was I aware that it was so foolish of me to break away from my friends and never contact them. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之求助信)不幸的是，我最好的朋友和我爆发了激烈的争吵。更糟的是，我和她的关系破裂了，我们俩都不知道如何消除我们的隔阂。因此，我写信寻求您的帮助。 Unluckily，a terrible quarrel broke out between my best friend and me.What’s worse，I broke up with her and we had no idea how to break down our barriers.Thus，I am writing to ask for your assistance. (4)(读后续写之情绪描写)他粗鲁地插嘴道：“我不应受责备。”然后，他愤怒地冲出了房间。 He broke in rudely，“I am not to blame.” And then he stormed out of the room in anger. defend vt.保卫；防守；保护；辩解 (defence/defense n．防御；保卫) [外研版]You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass，score and defend can be amazing to see—or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist. 你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的球技有多么好——他们运用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。 [北师大版]Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend. 恃强凌弱的人挑容易下手的目标——那些在同龄人群体之外、群体不太可能保护的人。 ·defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫 ·in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边 (1)My assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence/defense(defend) of herself. ＝My assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if defending(defend) herself. (2)Overcome with a sense of pity，the generous lawyer determined to be in the poor boy’s defence for free. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子免受它的攻击。 Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son from/against its attacks like an arrow. in charge of 主管；掌管(charge n．费用；主管，负责；看管；责任 v．收费；要价；控诉；指控；充电；向……冲去) [教材原句P8]He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 [外研版]They are captured and taken inside the submarine，where they meet the man in charge，Captain Nemo. 他们一行人被抓了起来并被带到潜水艇内，在那里他们遇见了负责人——尼摩船长。 ·in the charge of由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of负责/看管(表动作) free of charge免费 ·charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事 [选词填空] (1)On the assumption that the coming opening ceremony will be in the charge of me，I will organize the following colorful activities. ＝On the assumption that I am in charge of the coming opening ceremony，I will organize the following colorful activities. (2)(读后续写之肢体动作描写)The angry mechanic rose to his feet，charged through the door and disappeared in the darkness.词义：向……冲去 [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之微写作)悲伤和恐惧的泪水顺着男孩的脸颊流淌下来，因为他被控告偷了那位女士的金戒指。她为这枚被盗的戒指向他索取许多钱。幸运的是，一位善良的老人主动免费为男孩辩护。一颗悬着的心终于落下了。 Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks，because he was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged him much money for the stolen ring.Luckily，a kind-hearted old man offered to defend the boy free of charge.A hanging heart finally fell. come down with 染上(小病)，患(病) [教材原句P8]Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought. 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 come across(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解 come about发生(无被动形式) come on加油；到来；得了吧 come out出版；结果是；(花)开放 when it comes to...当谈及…… come up走近；上来；被提及 come up with sth 想出/提出某事(物) [选词填空] (1)Learning that the gifted scientist has come down with a severe disease recently，we are quite concerned about her. (2)My assistant’s first novel came out，which made me proud of him. (3)The police are investigating the root reason for the accident that came about the other day，but so far they haven’t attained any useful information. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之建议信)当谈及英语学习，我有以下实用的建议和你分享。首先，当你遇到生词时，不要总是查词典。其次，课堂上老师的问题被提出时，你应该努力想出答案，并且恰当表达你的想法以便你的意思能够被理解。最后，如果你失败了，你必须对自己说：“加油！” When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share with you. Above all，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary. Furthermore，when teachers’ question comes up in class，you should make great efforts to come up with answers and express your ideas properly so that your meaning can come across.Finally，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“Come on！” above all 首先；最重要的是；尤其是 [教材原句P9]Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults. 最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。 at all根本(常用于否定句和疑问句) after all毕竟；终究 first of all首先(强调顺序) in all一共；总计 all in all总的来说 [选词填空] (1)Thanks to your timely help，I managed to handle four problems in all. [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之推荐信)我向你推荐的大学是北京大学。首先，你最好在来之前学些基本的汉语。毕竟，你将处在完全陌生的环境中。总的来说，在一种不同的文化中学习一点也不容易。 The university I recommend to you is Peking University.Above all/First of all，you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.After all，you will be under entirely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all，studying in a different culture is not easy at all. 过去分词(短语)作状语 [教材原句P7]Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 [结构分析]此句是简单句，Born in Shanghai in 1911是过去分词短语作状语，to study Railway Mechanical Engineering是不定式短语作目的状语。 ·及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语只表示完成的动作。 ·过去分词(短语)作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。 ·有的过去分词已经转化成了形容词，作状语时不表示动作而是表示主语的一种状态。 (1)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)被蜘蛛网(spider-webs)覆盖，这只蜂鸟几乎无法扇动翅膀。 Covered in spider-webs，the hummingbird was barely able to move her wings. (2)(个人成长类读后续写升华句)受到他的善举的鼓舞，我决定将来帮助更多的人，使我们的世界更美好、更温暖。 Inspired/Encouraged by his act of kindness，I determined to help more people in the future to make our world more beautiful and much warmer. (3)(读后续写之情绪描写)既害怕又沮丧，简坐在一棵树旁，用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。 Scared and frustrated，Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms to make herself warm. what 引导的名词性从句 [教材原句P8]However，what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing.然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 [结构分析]此句是复合句，连接代词what引导的是主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。 连接代词what除引导主语从句外，还可引导表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，意为“什么”“……的事”“……的地方”“什么的样子”“……的时间”等。 (1)(2024·天津3月，书面表达)作为一名来自中国的高中生，我有责任告诉你，你在视频中所看到的是完全准确的。 Being a senior high school student from China，I feel responsible for informing you that what you have witnessed in the video is entirely accurate. (2)他不再是过去的样子了，现在他能够致力于学习。 He isn’t what he used to be and now he can devote himself to learning. (3)(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)伊娃不知道该用什么方法在这座巨大的建筑物里辨别方向，她沮丧得几乎要哭了。 Eva had no idea what method she should adopt to tell directions in the huge building and so frustrated was she that she was on the edge of crying. (4)(读后续写之动作描写)在似乎一个世纪的时间之后，我的丈夫终于出现了，我冲向前，紧紧地拥抱他，眼里含着泪水。 After what seemed like a century，my husband finally arrived and I dashed forward and hugged him tightly，with my eyes filled with tears. Ⅰ.品句猜词 1．The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my cellphone and I expressed my sincere thanks to him.vt.充电 2．It never rains but it pours.vi.(雨)倾盆而下 3．There is solid evidence to show he wasn’t there when the crime took place.adj.可靠的 4．I will be on the night shift，so I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight.n.轮班 Ⅱ.单词拼写 1．The girl tackled the crisis without difficulty and a shadow of a smile touched her mouth. 2．I am convinced that life can be easy to deal with when you are not busy finding fault with it. 3．For a shortage of concrete proof，I can’t persuade them to trust me. 4．I have no alternative but to request him to help me make an abstract of the speech. 5．The astronomer listened nervously，shifting(转换) uncomfortably from one foot to the other. 6．Honestly speaking，it is difficult for me to entirely understand these concepts(概念)． 7．Susan’s dream was turned into reality and tears of happiness poured(倾泻) down her face. 8.Furthermore，all our favorite activities can be traced(追踪) back to specific points in history. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．Gifted(gift) in math and thus，he can digest what the teacher says quite easily. 2．The responsible assistant described what had happened vividly to his boss. 3．A big fire broke out unexpectedly and it was estimated that the fire would cause billions of yuan of economic losses. 4.Above all，those around me spoke out in my defence(defend)，which moved me to tears. 5．Charged(charge) with stealing priceless raw materials，I tried my best to prove my innocence(清白)． 6．When it comes to solving(solve) such problems，this outstanding specialist confidently tells us the tricks. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact 1.on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.Qian Xuesen，a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit”，was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and 2.devotion(devote)．Under his leadership，China 3.achieved(achieve) outstanding progress in rockets，missiles and man-made satellites，because of 4.which，he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”． Stephen Hawking was 5.a gifted scientist.Since he came down with a disease 6.making(make) him unable to walk or speak,7.his(he) world became one of abstract thought.He was brilliant，brave and 8.determined(determine)．And he was willing 9.to admit(admit) his faults.This combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest 10.thinkers(thinker) of the 20th and 21st centuries. 作业4　Using Language [分值：78.5分] Ⅰ.短语填空(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分) 1．What he said had an impact on(对……有影响) me and I finally shifted my initial opinion. 2．When the war broke out(爆发)，he seemed to have become another man，frustrated and helpless. 3.Above all，we teenagers must study hard with the aim of defending the country(保卫国家) in the future. 4．Many doctors are committed to conducting important research into(对……进行重要的研究) how to handle the severe disease. 5．After overcoming difficulties(克服困难)，the mechanic successfully fixed the machine. 6．When I learnt that my son bravely took on the challenge(接受挑战)，tears of pride poured down my cheeks. 7．Since you are familiar with(对……熟悉) the outstanding astronomer，I wonder if you can introduce me to him. 8．Once he makes a mistake(犯错误)，I will point it out(指出它) to him. Ⅱ.主题微写作——农业科学家袁隆平(满分15分) 1．作为“杂交水稻之父”而闻名，袁隆平终生致力于研究水稻。(过去分词短语作状语) Known as “the father of hybrid rice”，Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to studying rice. 2．我们从没见过比他更杰出的农业科学家了。(否定词＋比较级＝最高级) We have never seen a more outstanding agricultural scientist than him. 3．他相信他一直在做的事情，即使遇到数不清的困难，他也绝不屈服。(what引导的名词性从句) He believed in what he had been doing and even if encountering countless difficulties，he would never give in. 4．在他的领导下，越来越多的年轻人负责杂交水稻的研究。(charge) Under his leadership，more and more young people are in charge of the research of hybrid rice. 5．不幸的是，他患上了严重的疾病，于2021年5月22日与世长辞。 Unfortunately，he came down with a severe illness and passed away on May 22,2021. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2025·江西赣州高二上期末) Building with 3D printing technology is arousing widespread interest in the construction industry.Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment，it can speed up construction from weeks，or months，to days.Projects that use simple raw materials like soil，straw，and even salt，can be built in a small part of the time and cost of traditional construction. Walls are built up layer by layer using an industrial 3D building printer.Construction waste is minimized and，because the printers are mobile like small cranes，they can be set up quickly where they are needed.Home design can be customized(订制) easily，giving architects more creative freedom. Companies use recycled products and eco-friendly cements to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and make building more sustainable.By using a range of simple，readily available or even waste materials like plastic in the mix，the technology makes the companies then reduce the chance of materials being unavailable or too costly. Most construction uses conventional methods，but 3D printing is growing steadily.The technology is changing the world around us. Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3D printing to build the 16-metre-long curved Striatus footbridge.The project only used 500 layers of concrete and 53 blocks with holes to fix the bridge.This reduces materials by up to 70 percent，and the entire bridge can be ground down and recycled. African island state Madagascar is hosting one of the world’s most forward-thinking school building projects.Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D printing technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education.Schools are built using local materials and low carbon concrete under a week.Beehive-inspired designs allow buildings to be easily expanded，and each school will include gardens built into the walls and solar panels on the roof for power. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍3D打印建筑技术，阐述其减少浪费、加快施工进程等优点，通过列举建桥、建学校的实例，展现其在建筑领域的应用。 1．What do we know about building with 3D printing technology? A．It reduces construction waste. B．It always uses expensive materials. C．It slows down construction process. D．It limits architects’ creative freedom. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment，it can speed up construction from weeks，or months，to days.”可知，3D 打印建筑技术具有减少建筑废弃物和加快施工进程的特点。故选A。 2．What is the author’s attitude towards 3D Printing Technology? A．Positive. B．Pessimistic. C．Uncertain. D．Critical. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。由第一段中“Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment，it can speed up construction from weeks，or months，to days.”，第三段第二句，第四段“Most construction uses conventional methods，but 3D printing is growing steadily.The technology is changing the world around us.”以及最后两段列举的成功应用案例可知，作者对3D打印技术持积极肯定的态度。故选A。 3．How did the author develop the last two paragraphs? A．By collecting data. B．By analyzing causes. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 答案　C 解析　写作手法题。由倒数第二段中“Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3D printing to build the 16-metre-long curved Striatus footbridge.”和最后一段中“Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D printing technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education.”可知，作者通过列举苏黎世联邦理工学院用3D打印技术建桥和马达加斯加用3D打印技术建学校这两个例子来展开这两段内容。故选C。 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．3D Printing in Design B．3D Printing in Building C．Benefits of 3D Printing D．The Future of 3D Printing 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章开篇点明“Building with 3D printing technology is arousing widespread interest in the construction industry.”，接着阐述其优点、材料使用特点，最后通过实例说明其在建筑领域的应用，整体围绕 3D 打印建筑技术展开。所以B项“3D Printing in Building”符合语境，为本文最佳标题。故选B。 B(此篇精读) (2025·广东高二上期末) Plastic is everywhere in our modern world.Its toughness makes it an extremely useful material from household items to vehicle parts，but that same toughness makes it hard to break down for recycling or disposal(处理)．However，Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes. Based on a kind of plastic called an epoxy resin vitrimer，which is brittle(脆性的)，the new plastic boasts a huge range of advantages.Once scratched with a knife，it can completely patch itself up after being heated to 150℃ for just 60 seconds.When shaped into the shape of a crane，then flattened，it can fold itself back into the crane shape by being heated up.It does all of this much faster than others of its type. The new plastic can also break down easier.Even if it’s discarded(丢弃) into the environment，it still poses less of a problem than other kinds of plastic，which the team demonstrated by placing it in seawater for 30 days.It biodegraded by 25% and released molecules(分子) that are essential food for marine life. The new plastic is more resistant to breaking.It can also repair itself，and can recover its original memorized shape.It even biodegrades safely in a marine environment，according to Shota Ando，a researcher of the study. The material can be used in a variety of applications.“Infrastructure materials for roads and bridges are often composed of epoxy resins mixed with compounds such as concrete and carbon，” said Ando.“By using the new plastic，these would be easier to maintain as they would be stronger and healable using heat.Unlike conventional epoxy resins，this new material is hard but stretchable，so it could also be expected to strongly bond materials of different hardness and stretch.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东京大学的日本科学家开发了一种新型环保塑料材料，这种材料更容易分解，可以自我修复并能恢复原来的形状。 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of the text. B．To show the disadvantages of plastic. C．To highlight the importance of plastic. D．To indicate his views on previous plastic. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。由第一段中“However，Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes.”和下文段落对这种新型环保材料优点的介绍可知，作者写第一段的目的在于介绍本文的主题——一种新型环保塑料材料。故选A。 6．What do the underlined words “patch itself up” mean in paragraph 2? A．Change itself. B．Shape itself. C．Repair itself. D．Burn itself. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。由第二段中“Once scratched with a knife，it can completely patch itself up after being heated to 150 ℃ for just 60 seconds.”和第四段中“It can also repair itself，and can recover its original memorized shape.”可推断，一旦这种新型环保塑料材料被刀刮破，在150℃的温度下加热60秒后，它就可以完全自我修复，所以画线词“patch itself up”意为“自我修复(repair itself)”。故选C。 7．What do we know about the new plastic? A．It is safe for animals in the ocean. B．It can provide nutrition for animals. C．It can change its shape when frozen. D．It is more brittle than previous plastic. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由第三段中“It biodegraded by 25% and released molecules(分子) that are essential food for marine life.”和第四段中“It even biodegrades safely in a marine environment”可知，新型环保塑料材料对海洋中的动物来说是安全的。故选A。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Research of New Molecules B．An Interesting Scientific Study C．The Widespread Application of Plastic D．A New Environmentally Friendly Plastic 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。由第一段中“However，Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes.”和下文段落对这种新型环保材料优点的介绍可知，本文介绍了一种新型环保塑料材料及其优点，D项“一种新型环保塑料”符合题意。故选D。 [词汇积累] 1．toughness(派)＝tough＋ness n．韧性 2．heat up加热 3．biodegrade v．生物降解 4．resistant(派)＝resist＋ant adj.抵抗的 5．be composed of由……组成 6．stretchable(派)＝stretch＋able adj.能伸展的，能伸缩的 [句式分析] 1．When shaped into the shape of a crane，then flattened，it can fold itself back into the crane shape by being heated up. 分析：此句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句，省略了主语和be动词，原句应为when it is shaped into the shape of a crane。 翻译：当它被塑造成鹤的形状，然后被压平，通过加热，它可以自己折叠回鹤的形状。 2．Even if it’s discarded into the environment，it still poses less of a problem than other kinds of plastic，which the team demonstrated by placing it in seawater for 30 days. 分析：此句为复合句。even if引导让步状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前句这件事。 翻译：即使它被丢弃到环境中，它仍然比其他种类的塑料造成的问题要小，研究小组通过将它放在海水中30天来证明这一点。 Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Research by psychologist Carol Dweck suggests that there are two basic mindsets that influence how people think about themselves and their abilities：the fixed mindset and the growth mindset. People who possess a fixed mindset believe that things such as intelligence are unchangeable.Those with a fixed mindset believe that success isn’t a result of hard work—it’s simply a result of talents. 1 Those who have a growth mindset，on the other hand，feel that they can change，grow，and learn through effort. 2 When things get tough，they look for ways to improve their skills and keep working toward success. By taking baby steps，anyone who wants to can change one’s mindset from a “fixed” perspective(视角) to a “growth mindset”．Here’s how： Acknowledge and accept imperfection in self and others. 3 Our imperfections make us unique.And self-love is a good thing. Speed is not important. 4 Instead，you fully engage and put effort into the process，no matter how long it takes.By the way，focusing on the process often also improves results，because you did put a lot of effort in along the way. 5 People with growth mindsets don’t believe that failure is a reflection of their abilities.Instead，they view it as a valuable source of experience from which they can learn and improve.“That didn’t work，” they might think，“so this time I’ll try something a little different.” By choosing to make the extra effort to build a growth mindset，you can make your mental processes work for you，resulting in a greater likelihood that you get the results you’re looking for and live the life you want to live. A．Believe that your efforts matter. B．View failures as learning experiences. C．What works for you might not work for someone else. D．They tend to give up more easily in the face of a challenge. E．We all have our shortcomings and weaknesses—our imperfections. F．When you have a growth mindset，the end results are less of a focus. G．People who believe that they are capable of growth are more likely to achieve success. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了两种不同心态的人，以及如何把心态从“固定型”转变为“成长型”。 1．答案　D 解析　根据上文“Those with a fixed mindset believe that success isn’t a result of hard work—it’s simply a result of talents.”可知，有固定心态的人认为成功不是努力的结果，而是天赋的结果，故他们面对挑战时容易放弃而不去努力，D项“面对挑战，他们更容易放弃”符合语境，故选D。 2．答案　G 解析　根据上文“Those who have a growth mindset，on the other hand，feel that they can change，grow，and learn through effort.”和下文“When things get tough，they look for ways to improve their skills and keep working toward success.”可知，拥有成长型心态的人可以通过努力来改变、成长和学习，G项“相信自己有能力成长的人更有可能取得成功”符合语境，故选G。 3．答案　E 解析　根据上文“Acknowledge and accept imperfection in self and others.”和下文“Our imperfections”可知，空处表达我们都有不完美的地方，E项“我们都有缺点和弱点——我们的不完美”与上下文语义一致，故选E。 4．答案　F 解析　下文“Instead，you fully engage and put effort into the process，no matter how long it takes.”强调过程，空处与下文意思相反，故应是关于结果，F项“当你拥有成长型心态时，最终的结果就不再是关注的重点”符合语境，故选F。 5．答案　B 解析　根据下文“People with growth mindsets don’t believe that failure is a reflection of their abilities.Instead，they view it as a valuable source of experience from which they can learn and improve.”可知，本段是说拥有成长型心态的人把失败看作是宝贵的经验，他们可以从中学习和提高，B项“把失败看作是学习的经验”符合语境，故选B。 Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2025·河北沧州高二上期末) Ieoh Ming Pei，an influential architect of the twentieth century，has created many cross-cultural projects.His distinctive identity—as 1.____________________ American architect born in China—gives him a special transnational background.Scholars typically try to locate his design inspirations in his childhood memories，connecting Pei with his dual-cultural(双重文化) background and 2.____________________(describe) his buildings based on his biography.Suzhou，the town 3.____________________ Pei’s family was located，is often mentioned by scholars as a way 4.____________________(understand) I．M.Pei’s Chinese cultural background.The city is famous 5.____________________ its architecture and landscape，especially its ancient gardens. 6．____________________(found) in 1960 and originally located in the national historic landmark，Zhong Wang Fu Palace complex，the Suzhou Museum has been a highly-regarded regional museum with a number of significant Chinese cultural 7.____________________(relic)． A new museum designed by world-famous architect I．M.Pei 8.______________(complete) in October 2006，covering over 10,700 square meters and located at the cross of Dongbei Street and Qimen Road.The design of this new museum 9.____________________(visual) adds to the traditional architecture of Zhong Wang Fu.I.M.Pei designed the current building of the Suzhou Museum in 10.____________________(associate) with Pei Partnership Architects at the beginning of the twenty-first century. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际著名建筑设计师贝聿铭先生和其设计的苏州博物馆。 1．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。此处表达“一名”美籍建筑设计师，表示泛指，且空后American的发音以元音音素开头，所以此处应用不定冠词an。故填an。 2．答案　describing 解析　考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作状语，设空处和前面的connecting并列，句子主语Scholars与动词describe构成逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。故填describing。 3．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“ Pei’s family was located”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the town，设空处指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 4．答案　to understand 解析　考查非谓语动词。“ (understand) I．M.Pei’s Chinese cultural background”作名词way的后置定语；固定搭配way to do sth意为“……的方法”。故填to understand。 5．答案　for 解析　考查介词。固定搭配be famous for 意为“因……而出名”。故填for。 6．答案　Founded 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，句子主语the Suzhou Museum与动词found之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处用过去分词founded表被动，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Founded。 7．答案　relics 解析　考查名词复数。根据空前“a number of significant Chinese cultural”可知，设空处表复数概念，应填可数名词relic的复数形式relics，作宾语。故填relics。 8．答案　was completed 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语；根据时间状语“in October 2006”可知，此处应该用一般过去时，主语A new museum和动词complete之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，A new museum作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填was completed。 9．答案　visually 解析　考查副词。此处修饰动词adds，应填副词visually作状语。故填visually。 10．答案　association 解析　考查名词。设空处作in的宾语，所以应该使用名词形式。短语in association with意为“与……联合，与……有关联”，符合句意。故填association。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $