Unit 6 Earth first 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语外研版必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“地球优先”为主题，融合外刊阅读与多题型训练，构建“词汇-语法-阅读-写作”一体化知识逻辑，提升语言能力与环保文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊拓展阅读|1篇外刊+词汇/长难句解析|主题式阅读，含核心词汇（27个）、长难句（2句）分析|围绕环保措施（政府行动/科技应用等），构建“主题词汇-句法结构-语篇理解”逻辑链| |培优提升篇|8篇阅读（含真题）+语法填空|涵盖细节题/推理题/七选五/语法填空，精选2024-2026年全国卷真题|通过不同题型强化主题语境下的信息提取与语言运用，体现思维品质培养| |迁移应用篇|3句填空+1篇应用文写作|句子翻译（非谓语等语法）、活动报道写作|实现从输入（阅读）到输出（写作）的能力迁移，提升学习能力|

Unit 6 Earth first 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：chinadaily.com.cn ） Cleaning up China's scenic trails As hiking gains popularity across China, the growing litter on mountain trails is prompting local governments and volunteers to take action. From innovative cleanup campaigns conducted by the authorities to robot garbage collectors, new approaches are emerging to preserve the pristine beauty of the country's green spaces. In Huixian city, Henan province, local authorities launched a mountain cleaning campaign in April along a popular hiking route of the southern Taihang Mountains, as reported by Henan Radio and Television Station. The effort involved town governments that coordinated cleanup patrols, distributed trash bags along the route and set up waste transfer stations. Farmhouse inn owners are also being encouraged to remind hikers not to leave trash behind. The aim is to instill a sense of responsibility in hikers so that they develop the habit of carrying their litter back down the mountain. The practice is gaining visible traction, according to local reports. In March, more than 50 young volunteers in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region combined fitness with environmental action in a jogging event organized by the region's federation of supply and marketing cooperatives. As the volunteers jogged along mountain valleys and fitness trails, they picked up plastic bags, beverage bottles, paper scraps, and other trash from the grass and rock crevices along the way. Technology is also being deployed to clean up the environment. According to a release by Beijing's Fangshan district government, four-legged robot rubbish collectors have been working on the Xishan Peak Scenic Forest Trail in Fangshan since June 3. The local government said the trial is part of a smart forestry project to deal with waste in difficult mountain terrain. Robotic dogs equipped with garbage bags traversed the rugged mountain paths and steep slopes with ease. According to technicians, these robotic dogs have strong load-bearing and climbing capabilities, along with excellent terrain adaptability, reducing the physical burden on human volunteers, the release said. At the national level, the Chinese Society of Forestry, the China Tourism Association and the Chinese Mountaineering Association have jointly launched a "leave no trace" tourism initiative. The campaign calls on the public to take their rubbish with them, and reduce or avoid the use of single-use plastic products. Gong Gu, a researcher at Peking University's Law School, suggested in an interview with Legal Daily in May that local legislation could establish a management system linking hikers' access to mountain areas with their environmental responsibilities. This system can include a requirement for deposits, which would be refunded only if hikers leave the area free of litter. 【全文翻译】 清理中国景区登山步道 随着徒步运动在中国日渐流行，山间步道垃圾数量持续增多，促使各地政府与志愿者行动起来。从地方政府推出创意清理活动，到智能垃圾清扫机器人，各类新举措不断涌现，守护国内自然景区原始秀丽的风光。 据河南广播电视台报道，河南省辉县市当地政府于四月份，在南太行一条热门徒步路线发起山地清洁专项行动。 各乡镇政府协同开展清理巡查，沿步道发放垃圾袋，并设立垃圾转运站。当地农家民宿经营者也积极响应，提醒徒步游客不要随意丢弃垃圾。 这项行动旨在培养徒步爱好者的责任意识，养成把垃圾随身带下山的习惯。当地报道显示，这项举措已经取得明显成效。 今年三月，内蒙古自治区供销合作社联合社组织慢跑公益活动，50 余名青年志愿者将健身与环保行动相结合。志愿者沿着山谷与健身步道慢跑，沿途捡拾草丛、岩石缝隙中的塑料袋、饮料瓶、纸屑以及其他各类垃圾。 科技力量也投入到环境清扫工作中。北京市房山区政府发布消息，自 6 月 3 日起，四条腿的垃圾清扫机器人正式在房山西山峰顶风景林步道投入工作。当地政府表示，本次试点属于智慧林业项目，用于解决复杂山地环境下的垃圾清理难题。 配备垃圾袋的机器犬能够轻松穿行崎岖山路与陡坡。技术人员介绍，这类机器犬承重能力强、擅长爬坡，地形适应能力出色，可以减轻人类志愿者的体力负担。 在全国层面，中国林学会、中国旅游协会、中国登山协会联合发起 “无痕旅游” 倡议。该活动号召公众随身携带垃圾，减少甚至杜绝一次性塑料制品的使用。 【核心词汇】 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. scenic trail 景区步道 2. pristine adj. 原始纯净的 3. preserve v. 保护；维护 4. innovative adj. 创新的 5. launch v. 发起；开展（活动） 6. coordinate v. 协调；统筹 7. patrol n. 巡查，巡逻 8. instill v. 逐步灌输 9. traction n. 成效，影响力 10. federation n. 联合会 11. crevice n. 缝隙，裂缝 12. deploy v. 部署；投入使用 13. release n. 官方通报 14. trial n. 试点，试验 15. terrain n. 地形，地势 16. traverse v. 穿行，穿越 17. rugged adj. 崎岖不平的 18. load-bearing adj. 承重的 19. adaptability n. 适应能力 20. initiative n. 倡议；活动 21. single-use adj. 一次性的 22. jointly adv. 联合地，共同地 23. legislation n. 立法；法规 24. deposit n. 押金 25. refund v. 退还 26. litter n. 垃圾 27. transfer station 转运站 28. robotic adj. 机器人的 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【长难句分析】 1.As hiking gains popularity across China, the growing litter on mountain trails is prompting local governments and volunteers to take action. 句意：随着徒步运动在中国日渐流行，山间步道垃圾数量持续增多，促使各地政府与志愿者行动起来。 分析：句首 As hiking gains popularity across China 是 as 引导的时间状语从句；主句主干为 the growing litter is prompting local governments and volunteers to take action；介词短语 on mountain trails 作后置定语修饰主语 litter；固定结构 prompt sb. to do sth. 意为促使某人做某事。 2.From innovative cleanup campaigns conducted by the authorities to robot garbage collectors, new approaches are emerging to preserve the pristine beauty of the country's green spaces. 句意：从地方政府推出创意清理活动，到智能垃圾清扫机器人，各类新举措不断涌现，守护国内自然景区原始秀丽的风光。 分析：From innovative cleanup campaigns conducted by the authorities to robot garbage collectors 是 from…to… 介词短语作状语；conducted by the authorities 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 campaigns；句子主干为 new approaches are emerging；不定式短语 to preserve the pristine beauty of the country's green spaces 在句中作目的状语。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1（2026年全国2卷D篇） The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 1. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 2. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 3. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 4. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那推出的地铁能量回收项目，利用列车刹车余能为电车充电桩供电，实现绿色交通与能源高效利用。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项目目的是推广绿色交通。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. (埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道：“我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。”)”可知，埃斯皮诺萨一直发愁找不到充电桩。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机会收集刹车动作中产生的能量——这些能量在传统刹车系统中会以热量的形式散失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电桩供电。)”可知，本段介绍了再生刹车的工作原理。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. (电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，这套系统颇具创新性，原因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)”可知，卢纳认为该系统创新性地利用了回收能源。 Passage 2（2026年全国1卷C篇） C In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 2. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 4. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 Passage 3(2025年全国1卷 阅读D篇：中国科研团队攻克微塑料污染治理技术 ) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth – they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes – then filtering it after it cools – could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types – polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene – and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure– a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are– but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B.By defining a concept. C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics. 2.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4.What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A.Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C.Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings. 【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 【导语】本文介绍一项新研究：煮沸并过滤自来水可去除水中大部分微塑料，去除效果受水中碳酸钙含量（水质硬度）影响，同时指出微塑料污染形势严峻，专家建议将该研究成果应用于自来水处理厂升级改造。 【解析】 1．推理判断题。第一段依次列举微塑料存在于深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩石、海鸟胃中、南极新雪甚至人体内部多处实例，通过大量事例引出微塑料污染这一话题。A引用专家、B下定义、D提供数据均不符合第一段写作手法。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics”，碳酸钙含量高低对应水质软硬，碳酸钙越多水质越硬，去除微塑料效果越好。冷却时长、过滤频率、塑料种类均不是决定效果的核心因素。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。第四段开篇点明减少微塑料摄入这件事越来越难，随后提及瓶装水中微塑料含量远超人们原本预想，以此佐证微塑料污染问题十分严重。A塑料回收、C过量饮用纯净水的危害、D污水治理难度均不是举例瓶装水想要说明的内容。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段专家话语“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics”，她提议升级自来水处理厂，把本次煮沸除微塑料的研究发现落地应用。A新研究方法选择、B后续研究方向、C招募更多研究人员均和原话无关。故选D项。 Passage 4(2024年新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读C篇：巴比伦垂直微农场，科技赋能都市农业 ) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover,having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1.What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer's markets. 2. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 3.What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF's major strengths. B. BMF's general management. C. BMF's global influence. D. BMF's technical standards. 【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 【导语】本文介绍巴比伦微型农场（BMF），介绍其适用场景、智能种植技术、环保优势以及企业员工践行可持续发展理念，全方位展现这款室内种植系统的各项突出优点。 【解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.”可知农贸市场能缩短食材运输路程，而BMF能进一步缩短从农场到餐桌的距离。A保证食物种类、B需要日常照料、D依靠农贸市场均与原文不符。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.”可知这款应用实时提供作物生长数据，对应植株当下生长状况。A实时天气、C土壤化学污染物、D预制种植容器库存文中均未提及。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段员工步行或骑车上班、办公室推行回收减废、拒绝一次性塑料制品，以及员工发言“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment”，能够看出员工拥有极强的环保意识。A热爱运动、B投身社区服务、C乐于分享日常原文无相关表述。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。全文依次介绍BMF缩短运输距离、智能自动化节水、零运输碳排放、无农药污染、企业践行环保等多方面优势，核心介绍BMF的各项突出长处。B运营管理、C全球影响力、D技术标准仅为局部细节，不能概括全文。故选A项。 Passage 5(2025年全国1卷阅读A篇：交通脱碳与绿色能源技术革新) The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation – which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.  The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — Batteries Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. TRAINS — Electricity Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS — Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. SHIPS — Liquid ammonia Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 1.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 2. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A. Planes .B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships. 3. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. 【答案】1.C 2.C 3.B 【导语】本文主题为各类交通工具的低碳转型，首先用饼状图展示2018年不同交通方式碳排放占比，接着介绍飞机、汽车、火车、货车、轮船各自适配的绿色燃料方案，最后引用专家观点强调全球需加速发展可再生能源以完成能源转型。 【解析】 1．细节理解题。根据图表数据，客运道路车辆占45.1%，货运道路车辆占29.4%，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%。A选项11.6%是飞机排放占比，B选项45.1%仅为客运道路车辆占比，D选项86.1%无图表数据支撑。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文中TRAINS板块描述“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways.”可知火车实现绿色转型的方式简单易行。文中说明航空是最难脱碳的领域，货车绿色氢燃料成本高昂，轮船液氨燃料难点燃且需要重新设计发动机，三者转型难度均高于火车。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章末尾Wipke的原话“We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used”，绿色能源即可再生能源，说明他建议加大投入、加速发展可再生能源。A限制燃料消耗、C提升能源利用效率、D降低电价原文均未提及。故选B项。 Passage 6(江苏南通市海安市2025-2026学年高二上学期2月期末英语试题) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence will destroy the human race, you might worry that its alarming appetite for electricity will destroy the environment — asking Chat GPT a question means using ten times more energy than an old-fashioned approach. With new data centers planned, further growth in energy consumption seems unavoidable. ____1____ In fact, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help decarbonize the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. Consider AI’s appetite for energy first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects that electricity consumption by data centres could be three times as much in the next five years. ____2____ Data centres today only account for about 1.5% of the world’s electricity consumption — and the vast majority of that is due to streaming, social media and online shopping, not AI. ____3____ AI stands out in identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and boosting systems, all of which can help cut emissions sharply. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids, cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane, a greenhouse gas. The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts. The most elegant solution would be for governments to set a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work. ____4____ The first is greater transparency (透明). From August 2026 the EU will require some AI developers to report their energy use in detail. A second is to rethink how data centres operate. The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centres at different times could reduce stress and help balance energy grids. Third, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises. ____5____ Doubling down on some approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. A. But the concern is misplaced. B. That approach should be copied elsewhere. C. Even if energy usage rises, though, the base is still low. D. For instance, Microsoft aims to become “carbon negative” by 2030. E. Microsoft’s greenhouse-gas emissions are up by almost 30% since 2020. F. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. G. But because it remains a distant dream, focusing on other measures is more realistic. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. F 4. G 5. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对人工智能耗电的担忧，指出这种担忧不无道理但可能被夸大，同时阐述了人工智能在节能减排方面的潜力及实现其气候效益的措施。 【1题详解】 上文“With new data centers planned, further growth in energy consumption seems unavoidable.(随着新的数据中心的规划，能源消耗的进一步增长似乎是不可避免的)”表达了对人工智能能源消耗增长的担忧。下文“In fact, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume.(事实上，人工智能的能源消耗可能没有许多人想象的那么高)”说明这种担忧是不恰当的。空处和前文为转折关系，说明这种担忧不合理。所以A项“但这种担忧是多余的”符合语境。故选A。 【2题详解】 上文“The international Energy Agency (IEA) expects that electricity consumption by data centres could be three times as much in the next five years.(国际能源署（IEA）预计，未来五年数据中心的电力消耗可能会增加两倍)”说明人们对数据中心耗能增长的担忧。空处和前文为转折关系，说明即使增长，基数仍较低。所以C项“不过，即使能源使用量上升，基数仍然很低。”符合语境。C选项中的“energy usage rises”与上文中的“electricity consumption could be three times as much”相呼应。故选C。 【3题详解】 下文“AI stands out in identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and boosting systems, all of which can help cut emissions sharply.(人工智能在识别复杂模式、处理海量数据集和提升系统方面表现突出，所有这些都能大幅减少排放)”说明AI在减排、环保方面的积极作用。空处为段落的主题句，需引出AI耗能的积极意义。所以F项“此外，AI的部分电力使用将有助于经济绿化。”符合语境。F选项中的“help with greening the economy”与下文中AI助力减排、推动环保的内容相呼应。故选F。 【4题详解】 上文“The most elegant solution would be for governments to set a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work.(最理想的解决方案是政府为碳设定合理价格，让市场发挥作用)”提出了一个解决措施。空处和前文为转折关系，说明该措施暂难实现，需关注其他方法。所以G项“但由于这仍是一个遥远的梦想，关注其他措施更为现实。”符合语境。G选项中的“that approach”与上文中的“set a proper price on carbon”相呼应，故选G。 【5题详解】 上文“Third, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises.(第三，科技公司应坚守自己的环保承诺)”提出科技公司的环保责任。空处和前文为举例关系，说明科技公司践行环保承诺的例子。所以D项“例如，微软计划到2030年实现“碳负排放”。”符合语境。D选项中的“Microsoft”是上文中“tech firms”的具体例子。故选D。 Passage 7(江苏南通市海安市2025-2026学年高二上学期2月期末英语试题) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence will destroy the human race, you might worry that its alarming appetite for electricity will destroy the environment — asking Chat GPT a question means using ten times more energy than an old-fashioned approach. With new data centers planned, further growth in energy consumption seems unavoidable. ____1____ In fact, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help decarbonize the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. Consider AI’s appetite for energy first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects that electricity consumption by data centres could be three times as much in the next five years. ____2____ Data centres today only account for about 1.5% of the world’s electricity consumption — and the vast majority of that is due to streaming, social media and online shopping, not AI. ____3____ AI stands out in identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and boosting systems, all of which can help cut emissions sharply. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids, cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane, a greenhouse gas. The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts. The most elegant solution would be for governments to set a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work. ____4____ The first is greater transparency (透明). From August 2026 the EU will require some AI developers to report their energy use in detail. A second is to rethink how data centres operate. The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centres at different times could reduce stress and help balance energy grids. Third, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises. ____5____ Doubling down on some approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. A. But the concern is misplaced. B. That approach should be copied elsewhere. C. Even if energy usage rises, though, the base is still low. D. For instance, Microsoft aims to become “carbon negative” by 2030. E. Microsoft’s greenhouse-gas emissions are up by almost 30% since 2020. F. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. G. But because it remains a distant dream, focusing on other measures is more realistic. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. F 4. G 5. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对人工智能耗电的担忧，指出这种担忧不无道理但可能被夸大，同时阐述了人工智能在节能减排方面的潜力及实现其气候效益的措施。 【1题详解】 上文“With new data centers planned, further growth in energy consumption seems unavoidable.(随着新的数据中心的规划，能源消耗的进一步增长似乎是不可避免的)”表达了对人工智能能源消耗增长的担忧。下文“In fact, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume.(事实上，人工智能的能源消耗可能没有许多人想象的那么高)”说明这种担忧是不恰当的。空处和前文为转折关系，说明这种担忧不合理。所以A项“但这种担忧是多余的”符合语境。故选A。 【2题详解】 上文“The international Energy Agency (IEA) expects that electricity consumption by data centres could be three times as much in the next five years.(国际能源署（IEA）预计，未来五年数据中心的电力消耗可能会增加两倍)”说明人们对数据中心耗能增长的担忧。空处和前文为转折关系，说明即使增长，基数仍较低。所以C项“不过，即使能源使用量上升，基数仍然很低。”符合语境。C选项中的“energy usage rises”与上文中的“electricity consumption could be three times as much”相呼应。故选C。 【3题详解】 下文“AI stands out in identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and boosting systems, all of which can help cut emissions sharply.(人工智能在识别复杂模式、处理海量数据集和提升系统方面表现突出，所有这些都能大幅减少排放)”说明AI在减排、环保方面的积极作用。空处为段落的主题句，需引出AI耗能的积极意义。所以F项“此外，AI的部分电力使用将有助于经济绿化。”符合语境。F选项中的“help with greening the economy”与下文中AI助力减排、推动环保的内容相呼应。故选F。 【4题详解】 上文“The most elegant solution would be for governments to set a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work.(最理想的解决方案是政府为碳设定合理价格，让市场发挥作用)”提出了一个解决措施。空处和前文为转折关系，说明该措施暂难实现，需关注其他方法。所以G项“但由于这仍是一个遥远的梦想，关注其他措施更为现实。”符合语境。G选项中的“that approach”与上文中的“set a proper price on carbon”相呼应，故选G。 【5题详解】 上文“Third, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises.(第三，科技公司应坚守自己的环保承诺)”提出科技公司的环保责任。空处和前文为举例关系，说明科技公司践行环保承诺的例子。所以D项“例如，微软计划到2030年实现“碳负排放”。”符合语境。D选项中的“Microsoft”是上文中“tech firms”的具体例子。故选D。 Passage 8（2025·湖北省荆州市高一上学期期末） 　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Called as the “Sea of Death”, the Taklamakan Desert in China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region covers 337,600 square kilometers. ____1____ also surprises us is that its circumference （周长） measures 3,046 kilometers or so,making it the ____2____ large） desert in China. It has taken more than 40 years ____3____ （surround） the Taklamakan fully with a green belt.The Taklamakan Desert control project is ____4____ part of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program （TSFP） launched in 1978,whose aim is to deal with desertification（沙漠化）. With the TSFP and measures such as the Grain for Green Program,China has handed in ____5____ it） own answer sheet to desertification. According to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,over 35.8 million hectares（公顷）of desertified land have been protected， ____6____ over 7.8 million hectares of desertified land have been ____7____ （effective） restored.The forest coverage rate in the TSFP area has increased from 12.41 ____8____ 13.84 percent.Additionally,61 percent of the soil erosion （土壤侵蚀） areas have been controlled successfully， and the “green line” in the Yellow River Basin has shifted 300 kilometers westward. In the past 10 years,the frequency of severe dusty weather in spring in northern China ____9____ （drop） significantly.China has taken the global lead in ____10____ （achieve） “zero growth” in land degradation and a “dual （双的） reduction” in desertification and desertified land. 【答案】1.What　2.largest　3.to surround　4.a　5.its 6.and　7.effectively　8.to　9.has dropped　10.achieving 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国政府治理沙漠化所做出的努力。 【1 题详解】 What　考查主语从句。句意：同样让我们惊讶的是，它的周长约为 3046 公里，是中国最大的沙漠。本空引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语、指物，用连接词 What 引导，意为 “…… 的事情”。 【2 题详解】 largest　考查形容词最高级。句意：同样让我们惊讶的是，它的周长约为 3046 公里，是中国最大的沙漠。根据 in China 可知，在中国范围内进行比较，空格前有定冠词 the，故用形容词最高级形式。 【3 题详解】 to surround　考查非谓语动词。句意：用了 40 多年的时间，塔克拉玛干才被绿化带完全包围。It takes＋一段时间＋to do sth 是固定句型，意为 “做某事花费多长时间”，不定式作真正的主语。 【4 题详解】 a　考查冠词。句意：塔克拉玛干沙漠治理工程是 1978 年启动的三北防护林工程（TSFP）的一部分，其目的是应对荒漠化。a part of ... 为固定搭配，意为 “…… 的一部分”。 【5 题详解】 its　考查代词。句意：中国在沙漠化问题上交出了自己的答卷。修饰名词 answer sheet，需要使用形容词性物主代词 its。 【6 题详解】 and　考查连词。句意：据国家林业和草原局统计，全国累计保护沙化土地 3580 多万公顷，有效恢复沙化土地 780 多万公顷。空格前后为两个完整分句，属于并列顺承关系，用并列连词 and 连接。 【7 题详解】 effectively　考查副词。句意同上一题。此处修饰动词 restored，要用副词形式 effectively，表示 “有效地”。 【8 题详解】 to　考查固定短语。句意：三北防护林工程区森林覆盖率由 12.41% 提高到 13.84%。固定搭配 from ...to ...，意为 “从…… 到……”。 【9 题详解】 has dropped　考查时态。句意：近 10 年来，中国北方春季严重沙尘天气发生频率明显下降。时间状语 In the past 10 years 是现在完成时标志性时间状语，主语 the frequency 为单数，故填 has dropped。 【10 题详解】 achieving　考查动名词。句意：中国在全球率先实现了土地退化 “零增长”、荒漠化和沙化土地 “双减”。空前是介词 in，介词后面需要接动名词作宾语，故填 achieving。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.又冷又饿，徒步旅行者们终于抵达了山间小屋。 _________________________ ,the hikers finally reached the mountain hut. 2.他执导的电影并非每部都是杰作，但大多数都很受欢迎。 _________________________ directed by him is a masterpiece,but most are popular. 3.建造木屋所需的时间是建造钢结构的两倍。 Building a wooden house takes _________________________ constructing a steel structure. 【答案】 1.Cold and hungry　 2.Not every movie　 3.twice the time of/as much time as　 二、应用文写作(湖南常德市汉寿县汉寿县第一中学2025-2026学年高二上学期2月期末考试英语试题) 假定你是李华，你校上周举办了主题为“Trash to Treasure”的回收创意大赛，鼓励学生们利用废弃物品制作艺术品。请你为此次活动写一篇报道，给你校英文报投稿。内容包括： 1. 比赛目的；2. 比赛内容；3. 学生反响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Trash to Treasure” Contest, a Hit at Our School _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】 “Trash to Treasure” Contest, a Hit at Our School Last week, our school organized a recycling design contest themed “Trash to Treasure”, aiming to encourage students to make art from discarded objects. The contest lasted for two hours. A variety of wonderful works were displayed, ranging from colorful plastic lamps made out of recycled plastic bottles to appealing purses made of gently used jeans. Students were also required to narrate the inspiration behind each piece. All the people present were amazed by the works. The contest received wide attention from both students and teachers, who spoke highly of creators’ hard work and creativity. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就学校上周举办了主题为“Trash to Treasure”的回收创意大赛写一篇报道。 【详解】1.词汇积累 鼓励：encourage→ motivate 比赛：contest → competition 吸引人的：appealing→attractive 高度评价：speak highly of→ think highly of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last week, our school organized a recycling design contest themed “Trash to Treasure”, aiming to encourage students to make art from discarded objects. 拓展句：Last week, our school organized a recycling design contest themed “Trash to Treasure”, whose aim was to encourage students to make art from discarded objects. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A variety of wonderful works were displayed, ranging from colorful plastic lamps made out of recycled plastic bottles to appealing purses made of gently used jeans.（运用了现在分词作状语和过去分词作定语） 【高分句型2】The contest received wide attention from both students and teachers, who spoke highly of creators’ hard work and creativity.（运用who引导的非限制性定语从句） $ Unit 6 Earth first 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：chinadaily.com.cn ） Cleaning up China's scenic trails As hiking gains popularity across China, the growing litter on mountain trails is prompting local governments and volunteers to take action. From innovative cleanup campaigns conducted by the authorities to robot garbage collectors, new approaches are emerging to preserve the pristine beauty of the country's green spaces. In Huixian city, Henan province, local authorities launched a mountain cleaning campaign in April along a popular hiking route of the southern Taihang Mountains, as reported by Henan Radio and Television Station. The effort involved town governments that coordinated cleanup patrols, distributed trash bags along the route and set up waste transfer stations. Farmhouse inn owners are also being encouraged to remind hikers not to leave trash behind. The aim is to instill a sense of responsibility in hikers so that they develop the habit of carrying their litter back down the mountain. The practice is gaining visible traction, according to local reports. In March, more than 50 young volunteers in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region combined fitness with environmental action in a jogging event organized by the region's federation of supply and marketing cooperatives. As the volunteers jogged along mountain valleys and fitness trails, they picked up plastic bags, beverage bottles, paper scraps, and other trash from the grass and rock crevices along the way. Technology is also being deployed to clean up the environment. According to a release by Beijing's Fangshan district government, four-legged robot rubbish collectors have been working on the Xishan Peak Scenic Forest Trail in Fangshan since June 3. The local government said the trial is part of a smart forestry project to deal with waste in difficult mountain terrain. Robotic dogs equipped with garbage bags traversed the rugged mountain paths and steep slopes with ease. According to technicians, these robotic dogs have strong load-bearing and climbing capabilities, along with excellent terrain adaptability, reducing the physical burden on human volunteers, the release said. At the national level, the Chinese Society of Forestry, the China Tourism Association and the Chinese Mountaineering Association have jointly launched a "leave no trace" tourism initiative. The campaign calls on the public to take their rubbish with them, and reduce or avoid the use of single-use plastic products. Gong Gu, a researcher at Peking University's Law School, suggested in an interview with Legal Daily in May that local legislation could establish a management system linking hikers' access to mountain areas with their environmental responsibilities. This system can include a requirement for deposits, which would be refunded only if hikers leave the area free of litter. 【全文翻译】 清理中国景区登山步道 随着徒步运动在中国日渐流行，山间步道垃圾数量持续增多，促使各地政府与志愿者行动起来。从地方政府推出创意清理活动，到智能垃圾清扫机器人，各类新举措不断涌现，守护国内自然景区原始秀丽的风光。 据河南广播电视台报道，河南省辉县市当地政府于四月份，在南太行一条热门徒步路线发起山地清洁专项行动。 各乡镇政府协同开展清理巡查，沿步道发放垃圾袋，并设立垃圾转运站。当地农家民宿经营者也积极响应，提醒徒步游客不要随意丢弃垃圾。 这项行动旨在培养徒步爱好者的责任意识，养成把垃圾随身带下山的习惯。当地报道显示，这项举措已经取得明显成效。 今年三月，内蒙古自治区供销合作社联合社组织慢跑公益活动，50 余名青年志愿者将健身与环保行动相结合。志愿者沿着山谷与健身步道慢跑，沿途捡拾草丛、岩石缝隙中的塑料袋、饮料瓶、纸屑以及其他各类垃圾。 科技力量也投入到环境清扫工作中。北京市房山区政府发布消息，自 6 月 3 日起，四条腿的垃圾清扫机器人正式在房山西山峰顶风景林步道投入工作。当地政府表示，本次试点属于智慧林业项目，用于解决复杂山地环境下的垃圾清理难题。 配备垃圾袋的机器犬能够轻松穿行崎岖山路与陡坡。技术人员介绍，这类机器犬承重能力强、擅长爬坡，地形适应能力出色，可以减轻人类志愿者的体力负担。 在全国层面，中国林学会、中国旅游协会、中国登山协会联合发起 “无痕旅游” 倡议。该活动号召公众随身携带垃圾，减少甚至杜绝一次性塑料制品的使用。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. scenic trail 景区步道 2. pristine adj. 原始纯净的 3. preserve v. 保护；维护 4. innovative adj. 创新的 5. launch v. 发起；开展（活动） 6. coordinate v. 协调；统筹 7. patrol n. 巡查，巡逻 8. instill v. 逐步灌输 9. traction n. 成效，影响力 10. federation n. 联合会 11. crevice n. 缝隙，裂缝 12. deploy v. 部署；投入使用 13. release n. 官方通报 14. trial n. 试点，试验 15. terrain n. 地形，地势 16. traverse v. 穿行，穿越 17. rugged adj. 崎岖不平的 18. load-bearing adj. 承重的 19. adaptability n. 适应能力 20. initiative n. 倡议；活动 21. single-use adj. 一次性的 22. jointly adv. 联合地，共同地 23. legislation n. 立法；法规 24. deposit n. 押金 25. refund v. 退还 26. litter n. 垃圾 27. transfer station 转运站 28. robotic adj. 机器人的 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【长难句分析】 1.As hiking gains popularity across China, the growing litter on mountain trails is prompting local governments and volunteers to take action. 句意：随着徒步运动在中国日渐流行，山间步道垃圾数量持续增多，促使各地政府与志愿者行动起来。 分析：句首 As hiking gains popularity across China 是 as 引导的时间状语从句；主句主干为 the growing litter is prompting local governments and volunteers to take action；介词短语 on mountain trails 作后置定语修饰主语 litter；固定结构 prompt sb. to do sth. 意为促使某人做某事。 2.From innovative cleanup campaigns conducted by the authorities to robot garbage collectors, new approaches are emerging to preserve the pristine beauty of the country's green spaces. 句意：从地方政府推出创意清理活动，到智能垃圾清扫机器人，各类新举措不断涌现，守护国内自然景区原始秀丽的风光。 分析：From innovative cleanup campaigns conducted by the authorities to robot garbage collectors 是 from…to… 介词短语作状语；conducted by the authorities 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 campaigns；句子主干为 new approaches are emerging；不定式短语 to preserve the pristine beauty of the country's green spaces 在句中作目的状语。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1（2026年全国2卷D篇） The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 1. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 2. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 3. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 4. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. Passage 2（2026年全国1卷C篇） C In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 2. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 4. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. Passage 3(2025年全国1卷 阅读D篇：中国科研团队攻克微塑料污染治理技术 ) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth – they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes – then filtering it after it cools – could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types – polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene – and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure– a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are– but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B.By defining a concept. C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics. 2.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4.What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A.Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C.Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings. Passage 4(2024年新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读C篇：巴比伦垂直微农场，科技赋能都市农业 ) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover,having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1.What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer's markets. 2. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 3.What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF's major strengths. B. BMF's general management. C. BMF's global influence. D. BMF's technical standards. Passage 5(2025年全国1卷阅读A篇：交通脱碳与绿色能源技术革新) The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation – which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.  The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — Batteries Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. TRAINS — Electricity Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS — Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. SHIPS — Liquid ammonia Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 1.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 2. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A. Planes .B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships. 3. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. Passage 6(江苏南通市海安市2025-2026学年高二上学期2月期末英语试题) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence will destroy the human race, you might worry that its alarming appetite for electricity will destroy the environment — asking Chat GPT a question means using ten times more energy than an old-fashioned approach. With new data centers planned, further growth in energy consumption seems unavoidable. ____1____ In fact, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help decarbonize the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. Consider AI’s appetite for energy first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects that electricity consumption by data centres could be three times as much in the next five years. ____2____ Data centres today only account for about 1.5% of the world’s electricity consumption — and the vast majority of that is due to streaming, social media and online shopping, not AI. ____3____ AI stands out in identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and boosting systems, all of which can help cut emissions sharply. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids, cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane, a greenhouse gas. The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts. The most elegant solution would be for governments to set a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work. ____4____ The first is greater transparency (透明). From August 2026 the EU will require some AI developers to report their energy use in detail. A second is to rethink how data centres operate. The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centres at different times could reduce stress and help balance energy grids. Third, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises. ____5____ Doubling down on some approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. A. But the concern is misplaced. B. That approach should be copied elsewhere. C. Even if energy usage rises, though, the base is still low. D. For instance, Microsoft aims to become “carbon negative” by 2030. E. Microsoft’s greenhouse-gas emissions are up by almost 30% since 2020. F. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. G. But because it remains a distant dream, focusing on other measures is more realistic. Passage 7(江苏南通市海安市2025-2026学年高二上学期2月期末英语试题) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence will destroy the human race, you might worry that its alarming appetite for electricity will destroy the environment — asking Chat GPT a question means using ten times more energy than an old-fashioned approach. With new data centers planned, further growth in energy consumption seems unavoidable. ____1____ In fact, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help decarbonize the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. Consider AI’s appetite for energy first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects that electricity consumption by data centres could be three times as much in the next five years. ____2____ Data centres today only account for about 1.5% of the world’s electricity consumption — and the vast majority of that is due to streaming, social media and online shopping, not AI. ____3____ AI stands out in identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and boosting systems, all of which can help cut emissions sharply. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids, cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane, a greenhouse gas. The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts. The most elegant solution would be for governments to set a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work. ____4____ The first is greater transparency (透明). From August 2026 the EU will require some AI developers to report their energy use in detail. A second is to rethink how data centres operate. The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centres at different times could reduce stress and help balance energy grids. Third, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises. ____5____ Doubling down on some approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. A. But the concern is misplaced. B. That approach should be copied elsewhere. C. Even if energy usage rises, though, the base is still low. D. For instance, Microsoft aims to become “carbon negative” by 2030. E. Microsoft’s greenhouse-gas emissions are up by almost 30% since 2020. F. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. G. But because it remains a distant dream, focusing on other measures is more realistic. Passage 8（2025·湖北省荆州市高一上学期期末） 　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Called as the “Sea of Death”, the Taklamakan Desert in China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region covers 337,600 square kilometers. ____1____ also surprises us is that its circumference （周长） measures 3,046 kilometers or so,making it the ____2____ large） desert in China. It has taken more than 40 years ____3____ （surround） the Taklamakan fully with a green belt.The Taklamakan Desert control project is ____4____ part of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program （TSFP） launched in 1978,whose aim is to deal with desertification（沙漠化）. With the TSFP and measures such as the Grain for Green Program,China has handed in ____5____ it） own answer sheet to desertification. According to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,over 35.8 million hectares（公顷）of desertified land have been protected， ____6____ over 7.8 million hectares of desertified land have been ____7____ （effective） restored.The forest coverage rate in the TSFP area has increased from 12.41 ____8____ 13.84 percent.Additionally,61 percent of the soil erosion （土壤侵蚀） areas have been controlled successfully， and the “green line” in the Yellow River Basin has shifted 300 kilometers westward. In the past 10 years,the frequency of severe dusty weather in spring in northern China ____9____ （drop） significantly.China has taken the global lead in ____10____ （achieve） “zero growth” in land degradation and a “dual （双的） reduction” in desertification and desertified land. 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.又冷又饿，徒步旅行者们终于抵达了山间小屋。 _________________________ ,the hikers finally reached the mountain hut. 2.他执导的电影并非每部都是杰作，但大多数都很受欢迎。 _________________________ directed by him is a masterpiece,but most are popular. 3.建造木屋所需的时间是建造钢结构的两倍。 Building a wooden house takes _________________________ constructing a steel structure. 二、应用文写作(湖南常德市汉寿县汉寿县第一中学2025-2026学年高二上学期2月期末考试英语试题) 假定你是李华，你校上周举办了主题为“Trash to Treasure”的回收创意大赛，鼓励学生们利用废弃物品制作艺术品。请你为此次活动写一篇报道，给你校英文报投稿。内容包括： 1. 比赛目的；2. 比赛内容；3. 学生反响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Trash to Treasure” Contest, a Hit at Our School _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Earth first 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 参考答案 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A Passage 2 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A Passage 3 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D Passage 4 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A Passage 5 1.C 2.C 3.B Passage 6 1. A 2. C 3. F 4. G 5. D Passage 7 1. A 2. C 3. F 4. G 5. D Passage 8 1.What　2.largest　3.to surround　4.a　5.its 6.and　7.effectively　8.to　9.has dropped　10.achieving 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.Cold and hungry　 2.Not every movie　 3.twice the time of/as much time as　 二、应用文写作 【参考范文】 “Trash to Treasure” Contest, a Hit at Our School Last week, our school organized a recycling design contest themed “Trash to Treasure”, aiming to encourage students to make art from discarded objects. The contest lasted for two hours. A variety of wonderful works were displayed, ranging from colorful plastic lamps made out of recycled plastic bottles to appealing purses made of gently used jeans. Students were also required to narrate the inspiration behind each piece. All the people present were amazed by the works. The contest received wide attention from both students and teachers, who spoke highly of creators’ hard work and creativity. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就学校上周举办了主题为“Trash to Treasure”的回收创意大赛写一篇报道。 【详解】1.词汇积累 鼓励：encourage→ motivate 比赛：contest → competition 吸引人的：appealing→attractive 高度评价：speak highly of→ think highly of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last week, our school organized a recycling design contest themed “Trash to Treasure”, aiming to encourage students to make art from discarded objects. 拓展句：Last week, our school organized a recycling design contest themed “Trash to Treasure”, whose aim was to encourage students to make art from discarded objects. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A variety of wonderful works were displayed, ranging from colorful plastic lamps made out of recycled plastic bottles to appealing purses made of gently used jeans.（运用了现在分词作状语和过去分词作定语） 【高分句型2】The contest received wide attention from both students and teachers, who spoke highly of creators’ hard work and creativity.（运用who引导的非限制性定语从句） 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $