内容正文:
人教版高中英语 2026—2027 学年 高一上册 尖子班 · 新教材同步精品讲义
必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life · 单元复习 (学生版)
第六讲 语言基础精讲 · 词汇短语语法攻破
【课时安排】本讲为 Unit 1 单元复习第 6讲,聚焦建议信写作所需的语言弹药——高频词汇、短语与语法,建议用时 2 课时。
【学习目标】
• 能识别 solution / schedule / independent / recommend / attract 五词的设空信号与易错搭配,并正确变形;
• 能在建议信场景正确使用 have difficulty (in) doing、spend time (in) doing、It is + adj. + for / of + to do;
• 能按「主动被动 × 同时/先完成」两键流程判断动词 -ing,并识别建议类动词的虚拟语气;
• 能完成 10 空语法填空与 5 句场景翻译,把语言点转为可调用能力。
【教学点拨】这一讲不讲"词什么意思",讲"考场上怎么识别、怎么变形、配什么"。每个语言点配一条识别信号和一道微型练习,当堂落地。
Part 1 核心词汇精讲 · 识别信号到考场运用
(建议用时 25 分钟)
这 5 个词是 Unit 1 语法填空与建议信写作高频词。每词按"考点信号 → 变形搭配 → 易错辨析 → 写作运用"四步走,要能"认出信号"才算会。
1.1 solution —— 解决办法
【考点信号】设空在介词考 the solution to;设空在词性考 solve → solution 转换。
• the solution to the problem 问题的解决办法(to 是介词)
同义替换(写作选词):solution 解决问题的方式;approach to 处理问题的角度(to 为介词,后接动名词,与 solution to 同构,别写成 approach to solve);way to do 最通用。建议信开头用 "approaches to managing your time" 更贴合"给方法"语境。
微型练习
① We haven’t found a solution ______ the problem yet.(填介词)
② Here are some ______ to managing your time more efficiently.(用括号内所给词的正确形式填空)(approach)
__________________________________________
1.2 schedule —— 时间表;日程
【考点信号】名词考 on schedule(准时)/ a tight schedule(时间紧);动词考 be scheduled to do。
• make a study schedule 制定学习计划
写作运用:写"时间管理"建议用 "schedule your study time in blocks" 比空泛的 manage your time 更具体。
微型练习
① The meeting is scheduled ______ start at 3 p.m.(填适当的词)
__________________________________________
1.3 independent —— 独立的
【考点信号】词性转换:depend(v. 依赖)→ dependent(adj. 依赖的)→ independent(adj. 独立的)→ independence(n. 独立)→ independently(adv. 独立地)。注意 in- 加在 dependent 上构成反义,别加在 depend 上。
识别操作:看空格要什么成分——be 动词后看句意:描述主语的性质填形容词(be independent),给主语下定义/分类填名词;修饰动词 think 填副词;名词位置填 independence。
写作运用(可迁移结尾句):I believe you will gradually become more independent and confident as you adapt to your new life.
微型练习
① It is important for teenagers to learn to be ______ (depend).(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
__________________________________________
1.4 recommend —— 推荐;建议
【考点信号】高考认可两句型:recommend that sb. (should) do / recommend doing(注意:高考中 recommend sb. to do 视为错误,不要使用)。
• I strongly recommend that you (should) make a study plan.
【易混点警告】recommend 不直接接 to do(那是误当 want / plan),高考中只认可 doing / that 两种搭配。语法填空/改错中,recommend 后接 sb. to do 视为错误,请严守 that (should) do 或 doing,避免因追求"地道"而丢分。
微型练习
① I recommend that she ______ (join) the debate club.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
__________________________________________
1.5 attract —— 吸引
【考点信号】词性转换:attract(动)→ attractive(形)→ attraction(名)。
识别操作:be 后填形容词;冠词/物主代词后填名词。
【语用边界】建议信写"某活动有吸引力"用 attractive to,比 popular 精准;但不宜作为给建议的主干句型(被动削弱主动给建议的力度)——若在开头段引入话题,用 "Your story attracted my attention" 引出也可以。
微型练习
① This club is very ______ to students.(根据句意填入适当的形容词)
__________________________________________
1.6 词汇 → 建议信衔接(打通两张皮)
【课堂操作】先用本讲 solution / schedule / independent / recommend / attractive 填空,把骨架补成完整句子;再脱离填空,用这 5 个词各写一句完整建议信句子(每句须带出搭配,如 recommend 后接 that / doing 之一),写完同桌互查。填空是被动调用,造句才是主动调用。
① I strongly ____________ that you make a daily ____________.
② The ____________ to your problem lies in learning to be ____________.
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Part 2 核心短语精讲 · 从识别到地道运用
(建议用时 15 分钟)
这三个结构是 Unit 1 非谓语高频考点,也是建议信写作的"血肉"。
2.1 have difficulty (in) doing
【考点信号】in 可省、动名词不可省。同类:have trouble / problems / a hard time (in) doing。difficulty 为不可数名词,建议信场景用单数最安全(表"各种困难"时才用 difficulties)。
• She had no difficulty (in) making friends.
【语用框架:共情三步曲】直接说 "You have difficulty choosing" 像在"诊断"朋友。正确做法三步配齐才有温度——完整示范:①承认普遍 It’s normal to have difficulty adjusting to a new school. ②具体化 You may find it hard to manage your time at first. ③转建议 Here are some tips that might help you get through this. 学生照三步补全就能共情。
微型练习
① She has trouble ____________ (concentrate) in class.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
__________________________________________
2.2 spend time (in) doing
【考点信号】spend 宾语是时间/钱,后接 (in) doing,不是 to do。
• He spends two hours (in) playing basketball every day.
写作运用(正面引导):同一内容,禁令 vs 引导,语气高下立判——禁令版 "Don’t spend all your time on study." 引导版 "Try to spend some time on physical exercise every day, even if it’s just 15 minutes." 建议信要引导,不要禁令。
微型练习
① She spends an hour ____________ (read) English every day.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
__________________________________________
2.3 It is + adj. + for / of sb. + to do
【考点信号】判断公式:形容词能否形容"人"?kind / nice / wise 能 → of;important / necessary 不能 → for。
• It is important for you to study hard.
• It is kind of you to help me.
【升级版】基础版最安全但平庸,升级有分工——名词化升级 It is of great importance for you to keep a balance. 适用于建议信主体句;从句升级 What matters most is that you manage your time well. 适用于段首主题句。别混用。
微型练习
① It is very kind ______ you to help me.(填介词)
② It is necessary ______ you to set aside time for rest.(填介词)
__________________________________________
Part 3 语法精讲 · 动词 -ing 与虚拟语气
(建议用时 20 分钟)
把动词 -ing 从"认识四种形式"升级为"考场自由判断"。
3.1 动词 -ing 作状语:两键判断流程
【识别信号】句首/逗号后有分词、主句主语在后 → 动词 -ing 作状语。
【考场操作】两个判断键按顺序按,组合出唯一答案:
第一步:主动/被动
第二步:同时/先完成
结论形式
逻辑主语主动
与谓语同时
doing
逻辑主语主动
先于谓语完成
having done
逻辑主语承受动作
与谓语同时
being done
逻辑主语承受动作
先于谓语完成
having been done
信号词:having done 隐含"先……再……";being done 是"被动 + 正在进行"(识别词:正在被……/与谓语同时发生且被动)。两键一按答案就定,这就是把陈述知识变程序能力。
请根据两键判断流程,完成下面的练习:
____________ (ask) by the teacher, he answered the question.
(提示:思考 ask 与 he 是主动还是被动?先于谓语还是同时?)
__________________________________________
3.2 复合结构:动词 -ing 带上自己的主语
【识别信号】空格前是物主代词(my / your / his)或名词所有格(Tom’s),空格后紧跟一个动词原形/动作性名词 → 空格填该动词的 -ing 形式。
• Do you mind my opening the window?
• His coming late made the teacher angry.(口语可用 me / him)
微型练习
① Do you mind ____________ (I) sitting here?(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
② His ____________ (come) late made the teacher angry.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
__________________________________________
3.3 被动式:逻辑主语是动作承受者
【叠考逻辑】being done 为何高频?因为三考点叠加:非谓语 + 被动 + 进行。
• Being praised by the teacher made him happy.
高考常考:being built / being discussed / being interviewed。当场识别叠考——The bridge ____________ (build) now will be completed next month.(注意:主语承受动作且进行 → being done)
微型练习
① ____________ (invite) to the party, she felt very excited.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
__________________________________________
3.4 建议类动词家族:虚拟语气
【考点信号】suggest / recommend / advise / insist / demand / require + that 从句,谓语用 (should) + 原形。家族内差异要分清:advise 最灵活——advise that sb. (should) do / advise doing / advise sb. to do 都行;而 suggest、recommend 不直接接 sb. to do(只用 that 从句或 doing)。别把 advise 的 sb. to do 套到 suggest 上。
• I recommend that you (should) make a plan.
• He insisted that we (should) start at once.
被动式 (should) be done:It is suggested that the plan (should) be carried out. 这组动词按"建议、要求、坚持、命令"记成一串。
微型练习
① He insisted that we ____________ (start) at once.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
② The teacher demanded that the homework ____________ (finish) before Friday.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
__________________________________________
3.5 非谓语填空专练(含长难句)
请用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,注意两键判断和复合结构。
① ____________ (finish) the project, we celebrated together.
② The problem ____________ (discuss) at the meeting now is very difficult.
③ ____________ (warn) twice, he still broke the rule, though reluctantly.
④ I saw him ____________ (dance) in the hall.
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
(第②题提示:先划掉修饰成分 at the meeting now,找到主干,再思考 discuss 与 problem 的关系以及时间状态。)
(第③题提示:warn 与 he 是被动关系,且发生在 broke 之前;看到 still 表"仍然",体会"已被警告却仍违反"的反差 → having been warned。)
Part 4 综合实战 · 语法填空(建议用时 10 分钟)
对标高考规格:10 空,有提示词 7 空 + 无提示词 3 空。按"空格成分 → 定词性 → 查一致"作答。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Editor,
I am a senior high school student. I am writing to ask for your advice. I am 1.____________ (confuse) about choosing extra-curricular activities. There are so many clubs and teams 2.____________ (available). I want to join the 3.____________ (debate) club, 4.____________ I can enjoy arguing about different topics. However, I am under a lot of 5.____________ (stress) now. My parents recommend that I 6.____________ (focus) on my studies instead. They are worried that I might not be able to keep up 7.____________ my schoolwork. 8.____________ (hear) their worries, I understand them, 9.____________ I still want to try a club this semester. I am looking forward to 10.____________ (hear) from you.
Yours,
Tom
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Part 5 综合实战 · 建议信场景翻译(建议用时 10 分钟)
5 句全在建议信真实场景,译完就是作文素材。请先自己译,再对照课堂讲评。
1. 我建议你加入一个读书俱乐部。(recommend)
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. 你应该平衡学习和休息。(balance)
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
3. 对青少年来说,学会独立是很重要的。(independent)
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
4. 我期待尽快收到你的来信。(look forward to)
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
5. 报名参加一个体育社团是个好主意。(sign up for)
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Part 6 本讲速查表与分层作业
6.1 语言点速查表(供复习查阅,无需填空)
语言点
考点信号与操作
solution
the solution to;同义 approach to (doing) / way to do
schedule
on schedule / a tight schedule / be scheduled to do
independent
depend → dependent → independent → independence → independently
recommend
that (should) do / doing;高考中 sb. to do 视为错误
attract
词性转换;attractive to,不用被动
have difficulty doing
in 可省、动名词不可省;共情三步曲
spend time doing
人 + spend + 时间 + (in) + doing;正面引导
It is + adj. + for / of + to do
形容词能形容人 → of,不能 → for
动词 -ing 作状语
识别:句首/逗号后有分词 → 两键:主动/被动 × 同时/先完成 → 从 doing / having done / being done / having been done 中选一
建议类动词虚拟语气
suggest / recommend / insist / require + that (should) do
6.2 分层作业
【基础层】用速查表,为 5 个核心词各造一句含正确搭配的句子,并自检。自检标准:每句必须带出该词完整搭配(如 recommend 后必须出现 that / doing 之一,solution 后必须带 to),缺搭配即不合格。
① solution: __________________________________________________
② schedule: _________________________________________________
③ independent: ______________________________________________
④ recommend: _______________________________________________
⑤ attract: __________________________________________________
__________________________________________
【挑战层】做完语法填空,把错空归到"词性 / 搭配 / 非谓语 / 虚拟语气"四类,各记一条错误原因。若出错类型不属于以上四类,自行增补类别,并标注考点来源。
词性类错误及原因:______________________________________________
搭配类错误及原因:______________________________________________
非谓语类错误及原因:____________________________________________
虚拟语气类错误及原因:__________________________________________
__________________________________________
【改写实战层】(尖子生)阅读以下建议信草稿,用本讲 5 个核心词(solution, schedule, independent, recommend, attract)改写其中 5 处平庸表达,使语言更精准地道。
草稿原文:
亲爱的李明,
我听说你刚上高中,在适应新环境方面遇到了一些困难。我建议你(1)加入一个读书俱乐部,那对你是个很好的吸引力(2)。你还需要安排好(3)你的学习时间。记住,学会独立(4)是很重要的。如果你在学习上有问题,找到一个好的解决办法(5)会让你轻松很多。
期待你的好消息!
王华
示例:把"建议"改为 recommend → "I recommend that you join a reading club."
请完成剩余 4 处改写,并写出完整的英文句子。
(2)改写:___________________________________________________
(3)改写:___________________________________________________
(4)改写:___________________________________________________
(5)改写:___________________________________________________
__________________________________________
完整改写参考(请将以上改写连缀成一段通顺的建议信段落,写在下方):
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
语言弹药已装好:词会变形、搭配会配、非谓语会判断、虚拟语气会认。下一讲这些点将全部组装进"写一封建议信"——弹药备足,写作才有得用。
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人教版高中英语 2026-2027 学年 高一上册 尖子班 · 新教材同步精品讲义
必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life · 单元复习
第六讲 语言基础精讲 · 词汇短语语法攻破(教师版)
【课时安排】 本讲为 Unit 1 单元复习第 6 讲,聚焦建议信写作所需的语言弹药——高频词汇、短语与语法,建议用时 2 课时。
【学习目标】
1. 能识别 solution/schedule/independent/recommend/attract 五词的设空信号与易错搭配,并正确变形;
1. 能在建议信场景正确使用 have difficulty (in) doing、spend time (in) doing、It is+adj.+for/of+to do;
1. 能按「主动被动 × 同时/先完成」两键流程判断动词-ing,并识别建议类动词的虚拟语气;
1. 能完成 10 空语法填空与 5 句场景翻译,把语言点转为可调用能力。
【教学点拨】 这一讲不讲"词什么意思",讲"考场上怎么识别、怎么变形、配什么"。每个语言点配一条识别信号和一道微型练习,当堂落地。
Part 1 核心词汇精讲 · 识别信号到考场运用(建议用时 25 分钟)
这 5 个词是 Unit 1 语法填空与建议信写作高频词。每词按"考点信号 → 变形搭配 → 易错辨析 → 写作运用"四步走,学生要能"认出信号"才算会。
1.1 solution —— 解决办法
【考点信号】 设空在介词考 the solution to;设空在词性考 solve → solution 转换。
1. the solution to the problem 问题的解决办法(to 是介词)
同义替换(写作选词):solution 解决问题的方式;approach to 处理问题的角度(to 为介词,后接动名词,与 solution to 同构,别写成 approach to solve);way to do 最通用。建议信开头用 "approaches to managing your time" 更贴合"给方法"语境。
微型练习(You do)
① We haven’t found a solution ______ the problem yet.(填介词)
② Here are some ______ to managing your time more efficiently.(approach)
参考答案:① to(the solution to,to 是介词)。同构词 the key to / the answer to / the entrance to 一记一串。 ② approaches(approach to 接动名词,“方法/角度”更贴合建议信“给方法”语境)。
1.2 schedule —— 时间表;日程
【考点信号】 名词考 on schedule(准时)/ a tight schedule(时间紧);动词考 be scheduled to do。
1. make a study schedule 制定学习计划
写作运用:写"时间管理"建议用 "schedule your study time in blocks" 比空泛的 manage your time 更具体。
微型练习(You do)
① The meeting is scheduled ______ start at 3 p.m.
参考答案:① to(be scheduled to do,scheduled 已给出,填不定式符号 to)。a tight schedule 里 tight 作形容词,别漏。
1.3 independent —— 独立的
【考点信号】 词性转换:depend(v. 依赖)→ dependent(adj. 依赖的)→ independent(adj. 独立的)→ independence(n. 独立)→ independently(adv. 独立地)。注意 in- 加在 dependent 上构成反义,别加在 depend 上。
识别操作:看空格要什么成分——be 动词后看句意:描述主语的性质填形容词(be independent),给主语下定义/分类填名词;修饰动词 think 填副词;名词位置填 independence。
写作运用(可迁移结尾句):I believe you will gradually become more independent and confident as you adapt to your new life.
微型练习(You do)
① It is important for teenagers to learn to be ______ (depend).
参考答案:① independent(形容词作表语)。注意 depend on 别漏 on。
1.4 recommend —— 推荐;建议
【考点信号】 高考认可两句型:recommend that sb. (should) do / recommend doing(注意:高考中 recommend sb. to do 视为错误,不要使用)。
1. I strongly recommend that you (should) make a study plan.
【易混点警告】 recommend 不直接接 to do(那是误当 want/plan),高考中只认可 doing / that 两种搭配。高考语法填空/改错中,recommend 后接 sb. to do 视为错误,请严守 that (should) do 或 doing,避免尖子生因追求"地道"而丢分。
微型练习(You do)
① I recommend that she ______ (join) the debate club.
参考答案:① (should) join(recommend that 虚拟语气)。这是本单元最易丢分的设空点。
1.5 attract —— 吸引
【考点信号】 词性转换:attract(动)→ attractive(形)→ attraction(名)。
识别操作:be 后填形容词;冠词/物主代词后填名词。
【语用边界】 建议信写"某活动有吸引力"用 attractive to,比 popular 精准;但不宜作为给建议的主干句型(被动削弱主动给建议的力度)——若在开头段引入话题,用 “Your story attracted my attention” 引出也可以。
微型练习(You do)
① This club is very ______ to students.(填形容词)
参考答案:① attractive(be attractive to)。词性转换看空格要什么词性再选形。
1.6 词汇→建议信衔接(打通两张皮)
【课堂操作】 先用本讲 solution/schedule/independent/recommend/attractive 填空,把骨架补成完整句子;再脱离填空,用这 5 个词各写一句完整建议信句子(每句须带出搭配,如 recommend 后接 that/doing 之一),写完同桌互查。填空是被动调用,造句才是主动调用。
① I strongly ______ that you make a daily ______.
② The ______ to your problem lies in learning to be ______.
参考答案:① recommend; schedule ② solution; independent。词汇放进真实句子,写作时才会自动浮现。
Part 2 核心短语精讲 · 从识别到地道运用(建议用时 15 分钟)
这三个结构是 Unit 1 非谓语高频考点,也是建议信写作的"血肉"。
2.1 have difficulty (in) doing
【考点信号】 in 可省、动名词不可省。同类:have trouble/problems/a hard time (in) doing。difficulty 为不可数名词,建议信场景用单数最安全(表“各种困难”时才用 difficulties)。
1. She had no difficulty (in) making friends.
【语用框架:共情三步曲】 直接说“You have difficulty choosing”像在“诊断”朋友。正确做法三步配齐才有温度——完整示范:①承认普遍 It’s normal to have difficulty adjusting to a new school. ②具体化 You may find it hard to manage your time at first. ③转建议 Here are some tips that might help you get through this. 学生照三步补全就能共情。
微型练习(You do)
① She has trouble ______ (concentrate) in class.
参考答案:① concentrating(have trouble doing)。difficulty 不可数,加 no 表"毫不费力"。
2.2 spend time (in) doing
【考点信号】 spend 宾语是时间/钱,后接 (in) doing,不是 to do。
1. He spends two hours (in) playing basketball every day.
写作运用(正面引导):同一内容,禁令 vs 引导,语气高下立判——禁令版 “Don’t spend all your time on study.” 引导版 “Try to spend some time on physical exercise every day, even if it’s just 15 minutes.” 建议信要引导,不要禁令。
微型练习(You do)
① She spends an hour ______ (read) English every day.
参考答案:① reading(spend time (in) doing,to 是错的)。与 take、cost 三者最易混,spend 用对就很稳。
2.3 It is + adj. + for/of sb. + to do
【考点信号】 判断公式:形容词能否形容"人"?kind/nice/wise 能 → of;important/necessary 不能 → for。
1. It is important for you to study hard.
1. It is kind of you to help me.
【升级版】 基础版最安全但平庸,升级有分工——名词化升级 It is of great importance for you to keep a balance. 适用于建议信主体句;从句升级 What matters most is that you manage your time well. 适用于段首主题句。别混用。
微型练习(You do)
① It is very kind ______ you to help me.
② It is necessary ______ you to set aside time for rest.
参考答案:① of(kind 形容人的品质) ② for(necessary 形容事不形容人 → for)。考场 3 秒定答案,写作时升级成 of great importance 拉档次。
Part 3 语法精讲 · 动词-ing 与虚拟语气(建议用时 20 分钟)
把动词-ing 从"认识四种形式"升级为"考场自由判断"。
3.1 动词-ing 作状语:两键判断流程
【识别信号】 句首/逗号后有分词、主句主语在后 → 动词-ing 作状语。
【考场操作】 两个判断键按顺序按,组合出唯一答案:
第一步:主动/被动
第二步:同时/先完成
结论形式
逻辑主语主动 → doing
与谓语同时
doing
逻辑主语主动 → doing
先于谓语完成
having done
逻辑主语承受 → being done
与谓语同时
being done
逻辑主语承受 → being done
先于谓语完成
having been done
信号词:having done 隐含“先……再……”;being done 是“被动 + 正在进行”(识别词:正在被……/与谓语同时发生且被动)。两键一按答案就定,这就是把陈述知识变程序能力。完整示范:______(ask)by the teacher, he answered the question. → Step 1 ask 与 he 是主动还是被动?被动(被老师问);Step 2 先于谓语还是同时?先于(先被问再回答)→ 结论 Having been asked。
3.2 复合结构:动词-ing 带上自己的主语
【识别信号】 空格前是物主代词(my/your/his)或名词所有格(Tom’s),空格后紧跟一个动词原形/动作性名词 → 空格填该动词的 -ing 形式。
1. Do you mind my opening the window?
1. His coming late made the teacher angry.(口语可用 me/him)
微型练习(You do)
① Do you mind ______ (I) sitting here?
参考答案:① my(物主代词 + 动词-ing 复合结构)。看到空格前是 his/my,后面必是动词-ing。
3.3 被动式:逻辑主语是动作承受者
【叠考逻辑】 being done 为何高频?因为三考点叠加:非谓语 + 被动 + 进行。
1. Being praised by the teacher made him happy.
高考常考:being built / being discussed / being interviewed。当场识别叠考——The bridge ______(build)now will be completed next month. → 被建 + 正在进行 → being built。记“主语承受动作且进行 → being done”,识破叠考。
微型练习(You do)
① ______ (invite) to the party, she felt very excited.
参考答案:① Being invited(被动 + 同时 → being done)。
3.4 建议类动词家族:虚拟语气
【考点信号】 suggest/recommend/advise/insist/demand/require + that 从句,谓语用 (should) + 原形。家族内差异要分清:advise 最灵活——advise that sb. (should) do / advise doing / advise sb. to do 都行;而 suggest、recommend 不直接接 sb. to do(只用 that 从句或 doing)。别把 advise 的 sb. to do 套到 suggest 上。
1. I recommend that you (should) make a plan.
1. He insisted that we (should) start at once.
被动式 (should) be done:It is suggested that the plan (should) be carried out. 这组动词按"建议、要求、坚持、命令"记成一串。
微型练习(You do)
① He insisted that we ______ (start) at once.
② The teacher demanded that the homework ______ (finish) before Friday.
参考答案:① (should) start(虚拟语气,动词原形) ② (should) be finished(demand that 虚拟语气被动式,主语承受动作)
3.5 非谓语填空专练(含长难句)
1. ① ______ (finish) the project, we celebrated together.(主动·先完成)
1. ② The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting now is very difficult.(被动·进行,作定语)
1. ③ ______ (warn) twice, he still, but reluctantly, broke the rule.(被动·先完成,让步反差)
1. ④ I saw him ______ (dance) in the hall.(宾补,see sb. doing)
答案:① Having finished ② being discussed ③ Having been warned ④ dancing。
【教学点拨】 第 2 题干扰点:at the meeting now 在 discuss 后易误判成“过去被动 was discussed”。破法:先划掉修饰(at the meeting now),主干 The problem ______ is difficult,与 discuss 被动且进行 → being discussed。第 3 题点破语义:题干中 but 明确标示让步反差——已警告过两次却仍然违反,用 having been warned 表达“已经……却仍然……”的转折逻辑,帮助学生理解非谓语的深层语义功能。第 1 题解析:finish 与逻辑主语 we 是主动关系(我们主动完成项目),且“完成”先于“庆祝”发生,第一步判断主动 → doing,第二步判断先完成 → having done,故填 Having finished,强调先后顺序。第 4 题解析:see sb. doing 表示“看见某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行,此处空格在宾语 him 之后作宾语补足语,固定搭配 see sb. doing sth.,故填 dancing。
Part 4 综合实战 · 语法填空(建议用时 10 分钟)
对标高考规格:10 空,有提示词 7 空 + 无提示词 3 空。按"空格成分 → 定词性 → 查一致"作答。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Editor,
I am a senior high school student. I am writing to ask for your advice. I am 1.______ (confuse) about choosing extra-curricular activities. There are so many clubs and teams 2.______ (available). I want to join the 3.______ (debate) club, 4.______ I can enjoy arguing about different topics. However, I am under a lot of 5.______ (stress) now. My parents recommend that I 6.______ (focus) on my studies instead. They are worried that I might not be able to keep up 7.______ my schoolwork. 8.______ (hear) their worries, I understand them, 9.______ I still want to try a club this semester. I am looking forward to 10.______ (hear) from you.
Yours,
Tom
答案与解析
1. confused(形,表语) 2. available(后置定语,无提示词) 3. debate(名词定语) 4. in which("在社团里辩论",介词 in 不能省) 5. stress(under a lot of stress) 6. (should) focus(recommend that 虚拟语气) 7. with(keep up with) 8. Having heard(现在分词完成式作状语,表"先于谓语完成") 9. but 10. hearing(look forward to doing)
【教学点拨】 第 4 空:先行词 debate club,从句缺地点状语“in the club”(“在社团里辩论”)→ in which 而非 which(关系词取决于从句缺失成分,缺地点状语用 in which)。第 8 空判断路径:① 听与理解谁先发生——先听再理解,强调先后顺序 → having heard;② 逻辑主语 I 与“听”主动——I 主动听;③ 此处“听了之后理解”强调先完成 → Having heard(先听到,后理解)。本讲核心是“两键判断”,此处应坚持原则,定答案为 Having heard,强化 having done 表示“先于谓语完成”的考点。
Part 5 综合实战 · 建议信场景翻译(建议用时 10 分钟)
5 句全在建议信真实场景,译完就是作文素材。先自己译,再对照参考答案。
1. 我建议你加入一个读书俱乐部。(recommend)
你的译文:________________
2. 你应该平衡学习和休息。(balance)
你的译文:________________
3. 对青少年来说,学会独立是很重要的。(independent)
你的译文:________________
4. 我期待尽快收到你的来信。(look forward to)
你的译文:________________
5. 报名参加一个体育社团是个好主意。(sign up for)
你的译文:________________
参考答案(每题两种)
1. I recommend that you (should) join a reading club.(注意:“你”必须译出来,作为 that 从句的主语;不能写成 I recommend you to join,因为高考中 recommend sb. to do 视为错误。)备选:若上下文已经明确是“你”,也可用 I recommend joining a reading club.(recommend 后接 doing 同样高考认可。)
2. You should balance your studies with rest. / It is important to keep a balance between study and rest.(balance A with B 更地道。)
3. It is important for teenagers to learn to be independent. / Teenagers should learn to be independent.
4. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.(look forward to 的 to 是介词,接动名词 hearing。)
5. It is a good idea to join a sports club. / Why not sign up for a sports club?(正式建议信中 join a club 比 sign up for a club 更简洁;sign up for 偏口语。)
【教学点拨】 一意多译:第一种稳妥、第二种高分,考场穿插使用拉档次。第 1 句易错点是漏译"你"——中译英最常见的信息丢失。
Part 6 本讲速查表与分层作业
6.1 语言点速查表
语言点
考点信号与操作
solution
the solution to;同义 approach to (doing) / way to do
schedule
on schedule / a tight schedule / be scheduled to do
independent
depend → independent → independence → independently
recommend
that (should) do / doing;高考中 sb. to do 视为错误
attract
词性转换;attractive to,不用被动
have difficulty doing
in 可省、动名词不可省;共情三步曲
spend time doing
人+spend+时间+(in)+doing;正面引导
It is +adj.+for/of+to do
形容词能形容人 → of,不能 → for
动词-ing 作状语
识别:句首/逗号后有分词 → 两键:主动/被动 × 同时/先完成 → 从 doing / having done / being done / having been done 中选一
建议类动词虚拟语气
suggest/recommend/insist/require + that (should) do
6.2 分层作业
【基础层】 用速查表,为 5 个核心词各造一句含正确搭配的句子,并自检。自检标准:每句必须带出该词完整搭配(如 recommend 后必须出现 that/doing 之一(高考中 sb. to do 视为错误),solution 后必须带 to),缺搭配即不合格。
【挑战层】 做完语法填空,把错空归到“词性/搭配/非谓语/虚拟语气”四类,各记一条错误原因。若出错类型不属于以上四类,自行增补类别,并在旁边标注考点来源。
【改写实战层】(尖子生) 阅读以下建议信草稿,用本讲 5 个核心词(solution, schedule, independent, recommend, attract)改写其中 5 处平庸表达,使语言更精准地道。
草稿原文:
亲爱的李明,
我听说你刚上高中,在适应新环境方面遇到了一些困难。我建议你(1)加入一个读书俱乐部,那对你是个很好的吸引力(2)。你还需要安排好(3)你的学习时间。记住,学会独立(4)是很重要的。如果你在学习上有问题,找到一个好的解决办法(5)会让你轻松很多。
期待你的好消息!
王华
示例:把"建议"改为 recommend → "I recommend that you join a reading club."
请完成剩余 4 处改写,并写出完整的英文句子。
【改写实战层·参考答案】
(2)“那对你是个很好的吸引力” → which is very attractive to you.(说明:用 attractive 替换“吸引力”的抽象表达,be attractive to sb. 为固定搭配。)
(3)“安排好你的学习时间” → you need to schedule your study time properly.(说明:用 schedule 作动词替换“安排好”,比 arrange 更精准,且与本讲考点 be scheduled to do 形成呼应。)
(4)“学会独立是很重要的” → It is important for you to learn to be independent.(说明:用 independent 替换“独立”的抽象表达,且用 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do 结构,与本讲 Part 2.3 呼应。)
(5)“找到一个好的解决办法” → finding a good solution to your problems will make things much easier for you.(说明:用 solution to 替换“解决办法”,注意 to 是介词,后接名词/代词。)
完整改写参考范文:
Dear Li Ming,I heard that you have just entered high school and are having some difficulty adjusting to the new environment. I recommend that you join a reading club, which is very attractive to you. You also need to schedule your study time properly. Remember, it is important for you to learn to be independent. If you have problems with your studies, finding a good solution to your problems will make things much easier for you. Looking forward to your good news! Wang Hua
【本讲结语】 语言弹药已装好:词会变形、搭配会配、非谓语会判断、虚拟语气会认。下一讲这些点将全部组装进"写一封建议信"——弹药备足,写作才有得用。
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