Unit 1 Relationship（知识清单）英语北师大版选择性必修一册

该高中英语单元知识清单系统整合了“Relationship”主题下的词汇、语法、写作及语用技能，涵盖阅读词汇、写作词汇、词汇变形等多维度词汇模块，过去完成时语法要点，邀请信写作框架及经典句型，搭建从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“分类梳理+难点标注+应用提示”构建知识体系，如将“lack”“access”等核心词汇标注双语释义及拓展短语，过去完成时对比一般过去时明确事件顺序，写作模块提供“委婉邀请句”“结尾句”等实用素材，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设计“易错点口诀”（如“a couple of接复数，the couple是整体”），助力不同基础学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂分层教学，提升复习针对性。

Unit 1 Relationship 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. visit my niece 看望我的侄女 2. play with my nephew 和我的侄子玩 3. catch the flu 患上流感 4. from a different angle 从不同角度 5. launch a rocket 发射火箭 6. run out of fuel 燃料耗尽 7. acid rain 酸雨 8. flow of water 水流 9. bend down 弯下腰 10. a reserved person 内向的人 11. feel wired 感到紧张焦虑 12. live in a dorm 住在宿舍 13. mental stimulation 精神刺激 14. alcoholic drinks 含酒精的饮料 15. technological innovation 技术创新 16. main competitor 主要竞争对手 17. with clarity 清晰地 18. career progression 职业发展 19. public engagement 公众参与 20. block the road 阻塞道路 21. drug abuse 药物滥用 22. in admiration 钦佩地 23. seek approval 寻求批准 24. stick to principles 坚持原则 25. enter politics 进入政界 二、写作词汇： 1. be passionate about 对……充满热情 2. an outgoing personality 外向的性格 3. an incredible achievement 难以置信的成就 4. become emotional 变得情绪化 5. be grateful for 对……感激 6. extremely important 极其重要 7. occasionally visit 偶尔拜访 8. drag oneself out of 勉强起身离开 9. lack of sleep 缺乏睡眠 10. have access to 有途径使用/获得 11. practical experience 实践经验 12. be worthwhile to do 值得做某事 13. give a presentation 做演示/报告 14. good behavior 良好的行为 15. handle problems 处理问题 16. get upset 感到心烦 17. raise awareness 提高意识 18. highlight the importance 强调重要性 19. be ashamed of 对……感到羞愧 20. a demanding job 要求高的工作 21. effective measures 有效措施 22. be sensitive to 对……敏感 23. have a preference for 偏爱 24. have no intention of 无意…… 25. in a polite manner 以礼貌的方式 26. dominate the market 主导市场 27. delay doing sth 推迟做某事 28. complain about 抱怨 29. be desperate for 渴望…… 30. intense competition 激烈的竞争 31. feel depressed 感到沮丧 32. extraordinary talent 非凡的才能 33. constantly changing 不断变化 34. barely enough 几乎不够 35. meet the deadline 赶上截止日期 36. sincerely hope 真诚希望 37. accept an invitation 接受邀请 38. on behalf of 代表 39. feel insecure 感到不安全 40. defend against 防御/保卫 41. feel unmotivated 感到缺乏动力 42. in contrast 相比之下 43. lack of motivation 缺乏动力 三、词汇变形： 1. practical（形容词，实际的；实用的；务实的）→practise（动词，练习；践行） 形容词去掉后缀-ical，得到动词practise。 2. lack（动词，缺乏，不足）→lack（名词，缺乏；短缺） lack属于兼类词，动词与名词同形。 3. presentation（名词，报告；展示；陈述）→present（动词，展示；呈现） 名词去掉后缀-ation，得到词根动词present。 4. behaviour（名词，行为，举止）→behave（动词，表现；举止） 名词去掉后缀-iour，得到动词behave。 5. access（名词/动词，通道；使用权；访问，进入）→accessible（形容词，可使用的；可接触到的） 词根access添加形容词后缀-ible，得到accessible。 6. educationalist（名词，教育家）→educational（形容词，教育的；有教育意义的） 表人物名词去掉后缀-alist，得到形容词educational。 7. preference（名词，偏爱；偏好）→prefer（动词，更喜欢；偏好） 名词去掉后缀-ence，得到词根动词prefer。 8. ashamed（形容词，羞愧的；惭愧的）→shame（名词，羞愧；耻辱） 形容词ashamed由名词shame加后缀-ed演变而来。 9. intention（名词，意图；目的）→intend（动词，打算；意欲） 名词去掉后缀-tion，得到词根动词intend。 10. demanding（形容词，要求高的；费力的）→demand（动词，要求；需要） 动词demand添加-ing构成形容词demanding。 11. effective（形容词，有效的；起作用的）→effect（名词，效果；影响） 名词effect添加后缀-ive构成形容词effective。 12. sensitive（形容词，敏感的；善解人意的）→sensitivity（名词，敏感性） 形容词sensitive添加名词后缀-ivity，得到sensitivity。 13. socialise（动词，社交、交际）→social（形容词，社会的、社交的） 动词去掉后缀-ise，得到本源形容词 social。 14. constantly（副词，不断地；时常）→constant（形容词，持续的；恒定的） 副词去掉后缀-ly，得到形容词constant。 15. associate（动词，联系；交往）→association（名词，协会；联系） 动词添加名词后缀-ation，得到association。 16. obsess（动词，使痴迷；困扰）→obsessed（形容词，痴迷的；念念不忘的） 动词obsess添加后缀-ed，构成形容词obsessed。 17. reality（名词，现实；真实情况）→real（形容词，真实的） 名词去掉后缀-ity，得到本源形容词real。 18. stimulation（名词，刺激；激励）→stimulate（动词，刺激；激发） 名词去掉后缀-ation，得到词根动词stimulate。 19. complain（动词，抱怨；投诉）→complaint（名词，抱怨；投诉） 动词变换词尾，得到对应的名词complaint。 四、拓展词汇 1. adoption n. 采用；收养；选定 2. apology n. 道歉 3. approval n. 赞成；批准，通过 4. argument n. 论据，论点；争吵，争论，争辩 5. delivery n. 传送，递送 6. depressed adj. 沮丧的，抑郁的 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的，令人抑郁的 depression n. 沮丧；抑郁症 7. interruption n. 打扰，插嘴 8. invitation n. 邀请 inviting adj. 诱人的，吸引人的 9. knowledgeable adj. 博学的；知识渊博的 10. practical adj. 实际的；切实可行的 11. preference n. 偏爱，喜爱，偏好；偏爱的事物，最喜爱的东西 12. refusal n. 拒绝，回绝 13. response n. 回答，答复；反应，响应 14. socialise/socialize v. 使适应社会；（和他人）交际，交往 15. appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有趣的 16. applause n. 鼓掌，喝彩 17. cooperation n. 合作，协作 cooperative adj. 合作的；协助的 18. departure n. 离开，启程，出发 19. distinguished adj. 杰出的，著名的；高贵的，值得尊敬的 20. division n. 分歧，差异；分开，分隔；除（法） 五、熟词生义 1. host：熟义=主人；主持人；生义=主办；做……的东道主（动词） 2. handle：熟义=手柄；把手；生义=处理（难题）；应付（局面） 3. raise：熟义=提高；举起；抚养；生义=提出（问题、话题等）；提起 4. highlight：熟义=强调；使突出；生义=标出；突出显示 5. access：熟义=通道；入口；接近；生义=接触的机会；进入权 6. chase：熟义=追逐；追赶；生义=努力赢得（如机会、目标） 7. scroll：熟义=卷轴；卷状物；生义=上下滚动（屏幕内容，动词） 8. bend：熟义=弯曲；使弯曲；生义=弯腰；俯身 9. sensitive：熟义=敏感的（指感官或情感）；生义=善解人意的（指人际交往） 10. presentation：熟义=展示；演示；赠送；生义=报告；陈述（口头或书面） 11. appointment：熟义=任命；职位；正式约会；生义=约定；约会（非正式或普通会面） 12. secondary：熟义=次要的；第二的；生义=中等教育的（如 secondary school） 13. pour：熟义=倒；倾泻；生义=灌；注（常与 into 搭配，表投入） 14. drag：熟义=拖；拉（物理动作）；生义=拖；拉（也指被动带往某处） 写作 句型 句式1 出处： Lesson 1 · My Teacher 原句： I know that I wasn't a willing student, but I wasn't slow to learn new things. 结构分析： - 主句：I know - that 引导宾语从句：that I wasn't a willing student - but 连接并列分句：I wasn't slow to learn new things（省略 that，与前面并列） - 整体为“主谓宾 + 转折并列”结构，适用于表达自我认知或对比观点。 译文： 我知道自己不是一个好学的学生，但我学新东西并不慢。 句式2 出处： Lesson 1 · My Student 原句： I think it's important to understand that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student. 结构分析： - 主句：I think - 宾语从句（省略 that）：it's important to understand ... - 其中 it 作形式主语，真正主语是 to understand ... - understand 后接 that 引导的宾语从句：that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student - 该句式适用于表达个人观点或教育理念。 译文： 我认为，理解“没有所谓的好学生或坏学生”这一点很重要。 句式3 出处： Lesson 1 · My Student 原句： The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn. 结构分析： - 主句：The thing about being a teacher is ... - that 引导表语从句：that you have access to children's minds - when 引导时间状语从句：when they are open and eager to learn（修饰 have access） - 该句式适合下定义或阐述某个职业/事物的特点。 译文： 当老师的好处在于，你能在孩子们心扉敞开且渴望学习时进入他们的思想世界。 句式4 出处： Lesson 3 · Social Networking 原句： What is really worrying is that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey. 结构分析： - 主语从句：What is really worrying（作整个句子的主语） - 系动词：is - that 引导表语从句：that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey - 其中 I know 为定语从句修饰 no one - 该句式适合引出令人担忧或值得注意的事实。 译文： 真正令人担忧的是，我认识的每一个人（包括我自己）都无法彻底戒掉社交网络。 句式5 出处： Lesson 3 · Social Networking 原句： Not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. 结构分析： - 否定词 Not once 置于句首，引起部分倒装 - 助动词 did 提前，主语 she 后接动词原形 lift - 正常语序为：She did not once lift her head ... - 该句式用于强调“从未/几乎没有”做过某事，适合描写遗憾或批评。 译文： 她一次都没有抬起头来欣赏窗外的景色。 语法 过去完成时 过去完成时表示在过去的事件之前已经发生的事件或存在的状态，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的构成是：主语+had+动词过去分词。 难点提示： 1. 过去完成时的基本结构 肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词 否定句：主语+had not+动词过去分词 疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词 被动语态：主语+had+been+动词过去分词 2. 使用过去完成时，过去时间有时由一个时间状语表示出来（如例1），但在更多情况下过去时间都由上下文表示出来（如例2、例3）。 例1：By the end of last month, they had treated over 10, 000 patients. 例2：She found she had left her suitcase on the train. 例3：The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 3. 过去完成时和一般过去时可以用在同一个句子中，体现过去事件发生的顺序。比较下列句子： When I arrived, she left. (I arrived and then she left. ) 我到达时她离开了。 When I arrived, she had left. (She left before I arrived. ) 我到达时她已经离开了。 写作 邀请信——邀请外教 Mr. White 担任英语朗读比赛评委 假定你是李华，是校读书俱乐部的负责人。俱乐部将要进行英语朗读比赛。请你给外教 Mr. White 写一封电子邮件。内容如下： 1. 邀请他担任比赛评委； 2. 告知比赛的具体安排（如时间、地点、内容等）； 3. 请他向学生推荐合适的文学作品。 Dear Mr. White， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mr. White, I’m writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at three next Wednesday afternoon in the lecture hall. If available then, could you do us a favor? And we would appreciate having you as a judge. By the way, it would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. Thanks for considering our request. I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】 本文是一封邀请类电子邮件。作者以李华的身份向外教Mr. White写信，邀请对方参加英语朗读比赛并担任评委，同时告知比赛相关信息，请求对方为学生推荐合适的英文文学作品，语言礼貌得体，覆盖全部写作要点。 【详解】 1. I’m writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at three next Wednesday afternoon in the lecture hall. 开篇直接说明写信目的；过去分词短语organized by the reading club作后置定语，修饰the reading contest。补充规范表达建议：时间调整为at 3 p.m. next Wednesday，语序更加符合英文习惯。 2. If available then, could you do us a favor? And we would appreciate having you as a judge. If available then 为条件状语从句的省略形式；do us a favor 请求帮忙，句式口语化且礼貌；appreciate doing sth 为固定搭配，表示“感激做某事”。 3. By the way, it would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. 使用委婉句型it would be very nice if you could…提出请求；形容词短语suitable for us students作后置定语，修饰works。 4. I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience! 正式书信常用结尾句，用于礼貌期待对方回复。 【点睛】 ① 文章要点齐全，逻辑清晰，依次交代赛事信息、邀请担任评委、请求推荐读物三大内容； ② 灵活运用分词作定语、状语从句省略结构等语法，丰富句式； ③ 多处使用委婉请求句式，契合邀请信礼貌正式的语言要求； ④ 积累短语：be present at 出席；do sb a favor 帮忙；at one’s earliest convenience 尽早。 一、知识点精讲 1. lack The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself. 我的问题是对自己缺乏信心。 【双语释义】 lack ◆vt. to have none or not enough of sth 缺乏 She lacks the determination that her brother has. 她没有决心，而她的兄弟却有。 ◆n. the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth 缺乏 There was no lack of volunteers. 志愿者不乏其人。 【积累拓展】 (a/the) lack of sth 缺乏某物 lack (for) nothing 没有，缺乏；不足，不够 for lack of… 因缺乏…… 2. access The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn. 做老师意味着，你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候，走进他们的心灵。 【双语释义】 ◆access n. (1) the opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb/sth 进入；接触的机会 Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有机会接触到好的资源。 (2) a way of entering or reaching a place 通道；通路；入径 The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 前往那个农舍唯一的道路要穿过田野。 ◆access vt. to reach, enter or use sth 进入；到达；使用 The loft can be accessed by a ladder. 可以搭梯子上阁楼。 【积累拓展】 get access to sth 获得；接近；可以使用 give access to sth 让…… 进入 have access to sth 可以使用 3. raise It also gives us an opportunity to raise further questions about anything we don’t understand. 这也让我们有机会对我们不理解的东西提出进一步的问题。 【双语释义】 ◆raise vt. (1) to mention sth for people to discuss or sb to deal with 提出，提起 The book raises many important questions. 这本书提出了许多重要问题。 (2) to lift or move sth to a higher level 提升；举起；提起 He raised a hand in greeting. 他扬起手表示问候。 (3) to move sth/sb/yourself to a vertical position (使) 直立，站立 Somehow we managed to raise her to her feet. 不管怎样，我们终于让她站了起来。 (4) to bring or collect money or people together; to manage to get or form sth 筹募；征集；召集；组建 We are raising money for charity. 我们在进行慈善募捐。 (5) to care for a child or young animal until it is able to take care of itself 抚养；养育；培养 They were both raised in the South. 他们俩都是在南方长大的。 ◆raise n. an increase in salary（工资或薪金的）提高，增加 He wants a raise and some perks. 他希望加工资和津贴。 【积累拓展】 raise up 举起，抬起 4. chase The stimulation is in chasing after the next song rather than truly enjoying it. 我的兴奋点是寻找下一首歌而不是真正欣赏音乐。 【双语释义】 chase ◆vi. & vt. to run, drive, etc. after sb/sth in order to catch them 追逐，追赶 The kids chased each other around the kitchen table. 孩子们围着厨房的桌子相互追逐嬉戏。 ◆n. an act of running or driving after sb/sth in order to catch them 追逐，追赶 The thieves were caught by police after a short chase. 经过短暂的追捕，小偷被警察擒获。 【积累拓展】 chase after 追逐；追赶 chase away 赶走；驱逐 in chase of 追求 (追赶) 5. the first time But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class, I really became interested in a subject for the first time. 但是在 15 岁那年，我走进了詹金斯老师的课堂，第一次对一个学科真正产生了兴趣。 【积累拓展】 the first time 具有连词功能，引导时间状语从句 for the first time 介词短语，作状语，不具有连词功能，不可用来引导状语从句 6. associate…with I have a never-ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online. 我总是不停地收到交往的网友发来的信息和最新消息。 【积累拓展】 associate…with… 把…… 和…… 联系起来 be associated with… 与…… 有关 ◆同根词 association n. 协会；社团；联合；交往 in association with… 与…… 联合 / 合作 二、核心语法精讲 过去完成时表示在过去的事件之前已经发生的事件或存在的状态，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的构成是：主语+had+动词过去分词。 难点提示： 1. 过去完成时的基本结构 肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词 否定句：主语+had not+动词过去分词 疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词 被动语态：主语+had+been+动词过去分词 2. 使用过去完成时，过去时间有时由一个时间状语表示出来（如例1），但在更多情况下过去时间都由上下文表示出来（如例2、例3）。 例1：By the end of last month, they had treated over 10, 000 patients. 例2：She found she had left her suitcase on the train. 例3：The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 3. 过去完成时和一般过去时可以用在同一个句子中，体现过去事件发生的顺序。比较下列句子： When I arrived, she left. (I arrived and then she left. ) 我到达时她离开了。 When I arrived, she had left. (She left before I arrived. ) 我到达时她已经离开了。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 话题内容： 邀请外教担任英语朗读比赛评委 主题语境： 人与社会——学校生活与活动组织 文体类型： 应用文——邀请信（电子邮件） 写作要点： - 发出邀请（担任评委） - 告知具体安排（时间、地点、活动内容） - 提出附加请求（推荐文学作品） 2. 写作框架 第一段：开篇点题 - 功能：写信目的 + 活动基本信息（时间、地点、内容、组织方） - 核心句式：I'm writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at 3 p.m. next Wednesday in the lecture hall. 第二段：正文展开 - 功能：委婉邀请 + 说明具体角色 + 附加请求 - 核心句式： - If available then, could you do us a favor? - We would appreciate having you as a judge. - By the way, it would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. 第三段：结尾收束 - 功能：表达感谢 + 期待回复 - 核心句式： - Thanks for considering our request. - I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience! 3. 写作素材 3.1 开篇句（写信目的） 1. I'm writing to invite you to be present at ... 2. I'm writing on behalf of the school's reading club to invite you to ... 3. It is my great honor to invite you to ... 4. I would like to invite you to attend ... 3.2 活动安排句（告知时间、地点、内容） 1. The contest will be held in the lecture hall at 3 p.m. next Wednesday. 2. The event is scheduled to take place in the school hall from 2 to 5 p.m. this Friday. 3. We have organized a reading contest, which will begin at 3 p.m. next Wednesday in the lecture hall. 3.3 委婉邀请句（核心邀请） 1. If available then, could you do us a favor? 2. We would be grateful if you could spare some time to join us. 3. Would you be available to act as a judge for the contest? 4. We would appreciate it if you could come and be our judge. 3.4 明确角色句（说明做什么） 1. We would appreciate having you as a judge. 2. You would be responsible for listening to all the speeches and grading the performances. 3. We would like you to evaluate the contestants' pronunciation and fluency. 4. Could you please give some comments on the students' performances? 3.5 附加请求句（提出额外请求） 1. It would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. 2. We would also appreciate it if you could suggest some English poems for us to read. 3. By the way, could you please recommend some English novels that are suitable for high school students? 3.6 结尾句（感谢与期待回复） 1. Thanks for considering our request. 2. We would appreciate your timely reply. 3. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 4. Thank you for your time and we hope to hear from you soon. 3.7 常用短语积累 - be present at：出席 - do sb a favor：帮某人一个忙 - be responsible for：负责…… - at one's earliest convenience：尽早 - on behalf of：代表 - look forward to：期待 - organize / hold / host：组织/举办/主办 - appreciate doing sth：感激做某事 4. 范文背诵 题目： 邀请外教 Mr. White 担任英语朗读比赛评委 Dear Mr. White, I'm writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at 3 p.m. next Wednesday in the lecture hall. If available then, could you do us a favor? And we would appreciate having you as a judge. By the way, it would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. Thanks for considering our request. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 背诵重点句（5句核心）： 1. I'm writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at 3 p.m. next Wednesday in the lecture hall. （开篇+安排：时间/地点/内容/组织方） 2. If available then, could you do us a favor? （委婉邀请） 3. We would appreciate having you as a judge. （明确角色：评委） 4. It would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. （附加请求：推荐作品） 5. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. （期待回复） 5. 变式场景拓展 - 朗读比赛 → 邀请角色：judge（评委） - 英语讲座 → 邀请角色：guest speaker（演讲嘉宾） - 运动会 → 邀请角色：referee（裁判） - 文艺晚会 → 邀请角色：performer（表演嘉宾） - 英语角 → 邀请角色：advisor（指导老师） - 演讲比赛 → 邀请角色：judge（评委） - 校园开放日 → 邀请角色：guide（引导员） 易错点01 a couple of 作主语时的主谓一致 【一句话辨异】A couple of new students have just joined our class, but the couple is planning to move to another city next month. 有几位新生刚加入我们班，但那对夫妻计划下个月搬到另一个城市去。 【错因辨析】 1. a couple of + 可数名词复数：意为“几个/两三个”，表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。此用法占考题90%以上。 - A couple of my classmates have signed up for the school running club. 我的几个同学已经报名参加了学校跑步社团。（强调“几个人”，用复数） 2. the couple：指“夫妻/情侣”这一对整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调夫妻二人各自行动，谓语可用复数（但高考及日常使用中单数更为常见、稳妥）。 - The young couple is celebrating their first wedding anniversary today. 那对年轻夫妇今天在庆祝他们的结婚一周年纪念日。（强调一个整体，用单数） - 区分口诀：a couple of 接复数（几个），the couple 是一对（整体单数） 【对点训练】 3. In the past few weeks, a couple of volunteers ______ to help organize the campus book fair. A. has offered B. have offered C. is offering D. offers 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查a couple of的主谓一致。a couple of + 复数名词 volunteers，表示“几位志愿者”，谓语动词应用复数形式，排除A、C、D（均为单数），故选B have offered。时间状语In the past few weeks提示用现在完成时。 易错点02 so far 的时态搭配 【一句话辨异】I have learned over 3,000 English words so far, and I will keep reviewing them regularly so that I can remember them longer. 到目前为止我已经学了3000多个英语单词，而且我会继续定期复习，以便记得更久。 【错因辨析】 1. so far = up to now（到目前为止），是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，谓语动词必须用现在完成时（have/has done）。此为高考高频考点，占比超95%。 - So far, we have raised enough money to buy new books for the library. 到目前为止，我们已经募集了足够为图书馆购买新书的资金。 2. so far 不可与一般过去时或一般现在时搭配使用，这是考生最易犯的错误。 - ❌ So far, we finish half of the project.（错误） - ✅ So far, we have finished half of the project.（正确） 3. 易混淆词辨析： - by now（到现在为止）→ 也用现在完成时 - up to now（直到现在）→ 也用现在完成时 - until now（直到现在）→ 用现在完成时或一般过去时均可（视语境） 【对点训练】 4. So far, the research team ______ great progress in exploring the causes of the disease. A. makes B. made C. has made D. was making 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查so far的时态搭配。so far是现在完成时的标志词，意为“到目前为止”，谓语必须用现在完成时have/has done，排除A（一般现在时）、B（一般过去时）、D（过去进行时），故选C has made。 易错点03 once 作连词引导时间状语从句的时态 【一句话辨异】Once you step onto the stage, you will feel the tremendous energy from the audience. 一旦你走上舞台，你就会感受到来自观众的强大能量。 【错因辨析】 1. once 作连词，意为“一旦……就……”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。从句中用一般现在时表将来（即“主将从现”），这是高考核心考点。 - Once you understand the basic rules of the game, you will find it much easier to play. 一旦你理解了游戏的基本规则，你就会发现玩起来容易多了。（从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时） 2. once 还可引导条件状语从句，同样遵循“主将从现”原则。 - Once you have made a decision, you should stick to it. 一旦你做出了决定，就应该坚持下去。 3. 考生常见错误：在once引导的从句中误用将来时（will do）。 - ❌ Once you will arrive at the station, call me.（错误） - ✅ Once you arrive at the station, call me.（正确） 4. once 与 as soon as / the moment / immediately 等引导时间状语从句时，用法相同，均遵循“主将从现”。 【对点训练】 5. Once you ______ the importance of peer pressure, you ______ better ways to deal with it. A. will realize; find B. realize; will find C. realized; found D. have realized; found 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查once引导时间状语从句的“主将从现”原则。once引导从句，从句中应用一般现在时表将来，排除A（从句用将来时，错误）；主句应用将来时，排除C和D（均为过去时），故选B。 易错点04 including 作介词，不接不定式 【一句话辨异】All the students, including those who are weak in math, have passed the final exam without any difficulty. 所有学生，包括那些数学薄弱的学生，都毫无困难地通过了期末考试。 【错因辨析】 1. including 是介词，意为“包括”，后面必须接名词/代词/动名词（-ing），绝对不接不定式（to do）。此为高频易错点。 - I have read many classic novels, including Journey to the West and The Dream of the Red Chamber. 我读过很多经典小说，包括《西游记》和《红楼梦》。（接名词） - Everyone was invited to the party, including me. 所有人都被邀请了参加聚会，包括我。（接代词） 2. 考生常见错误：受汉语“包括去做某事”的干扰，误用including to do。 - ❌ The course covers many topics, including to learn how to write a good essay.（错误） - ✅ The course covers many topics, including learning how to write a good essay.（正确，接动名词） 3. 同义词辨析： - including（包括）→ 介词，接名词/动名词 - containing（包含）→ 及物动词，接名词作宾语 - inclusive of（包括……在内）→ 形容词短语，接名词 4. 拓展：included（包括的）作后置定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。 - Everyone laughed, me included. 所有人都笑了，包括我在内。 【对点训练】 6. The school offers a variety of after-class activities, ______ playing basketball, painting and learning to play a musical instrument. A. included B. including C. include D. to include 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查including的介词用法。空格后接playing、painting、learning等动名词，说明此处需要介词，including意为“包括”，符合题意，故选B。A项included需置于被修饰词之后（如activities included）；C项include为动词原形，不能作介词；D项to include为不定式，不能直接接动名词作宾语。 一、默写重点单词 A. 英译汉 1. a sense of humour ______ 2. for the first time ______ 3. pour...into ______ 4. add up to ______ 5. give a presentation ______ 6. the path to success ______ 7. have access to ______ 8. point out ______ 9. be eager to do ______ 10. give feedback ______ 11. in reality ______ 12. go without ______ 13. check through ______ 14. turn...into ______ 15. face to face ______ 16. take up ______ B. 汉译英 1. 过去经常 ______ 2. 几个 ______ 3. 缺乏自信 ______ 4. 和……交朋友 ______ 5. 擅长 ______ 6. 感到烦恼 ______ 7. 提出问题 ______ 8. 回信息 ______ 9. 感到孤独 ______ 10. 与某人交往 ______ 11. 根据 ______ 12. 优点和缺点 ______ 13. 同意某人的意见 ______ 14. 力求达到 ______ 15. 代表 ______ 16. 迄今为止 ______ 【答案】 A. 英译汉 1. 幽默感 2. 初次，第一次 3. 投入，倒……于某物 4. 总计为 5. 做介绍，做说明 6. 通往成功的道路 7. 可以接近，可以使用 8. 指出 9. 热切地做（某事） 10. 给出反馈 11. 事实上 12. 没有……也行 13. 查看，检查 14. 使……变成 15. 面对面 16. 占据 B. 汉译英 1. used to 2. a couple of 3. lack confidence 4. make friends with 5. be good at 6. get upset 7. raise a question 8. answer a text message 9. feel lonely 10. associate with sb. 11. according to 12. strengths and weaknesses 13. agree with sb. 14. aim to 15. on behalf of 16. so far 二、词汇运用 1. The programme tries to make science more ______ to children. (access) 2. Parents can influence the ______ of their children. (behave) 3. The hotel offers a high standard of service at ______ rates. (compete) 4. The new learning method has proved more ______ than expected. (effect) 5. Most successful people I know are very ______ about their work. (passion) 6. He works for us on an ______ basis. (occasion) 7. These methods can help increase students' ______ and interest. (motivate) 8. The soldiers showed ______ bravery. (admire) 9. I haven't heard any ______ about the approach we're taking. (complain) 10. He was one of the most creative and ______ engineers of his generation. (innovate) 【答案】 1. accessible 2. behaviour 3. competitive 4. effective 5. passionate 6. occasional 7. motivation 8. admirable 9. complaints 10. innovative 三、重点句型 1. 多重从句嵌套（定语从句+表语从句） The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! 我上学时学的数学，唯一还记得的内容就是三角形内角和是180度！ 2. catch sb. doing sth. 搭配+宾语从句 Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage! 有一次我撞见他和朋友们比赛谁从学校舞台上跳下来跳得最远！ 3. 主语从句+表语从句 What is really worrying is that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey. 真正令人担忧的是，我认识的所有人（包括我自己）都没法彻底戒掉（相关习惯）。 4. 定语从句+方式状语结构 People who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves may be more likely to seek their peers' approval by going along with risky suggestions or choosing the "wrong" path. 自信心不足、对自己缺乏把握的人，更容易听从冒险的提议或是选择“错误”的道路，以此来寻求同龄人的认可。 四、课文语法填空 Mark has hundreds of friends online and never stops ______ (1) ______ them, but he still always feels very lonely. As soon as he wakes up in the morning, he checks through all social networking apps, reads his emails and ______ (2) ______. And he will repeat all this over and over again through the day. However, he is not the only kid to do this. According to a research, two-thirds of young people ______ (3) ______ to make friends online than it is “in real life”. It seems that people ______ (4) ______ by phones but the reality says no. Mark ______ (5) ______ how many followers he has on his account more than his oldest mates. His life ______ (6) ______ by social networking such as ______ (7) ______ the new songs rather than enjoying them. He constantly feels ______ (8) ______, dissatisfied and alone because he ______ (9) ______ things that are important in real life. His family and friends spend most of their time with their phones and can not imagine what life would be like without them. The problem is that they are ______ (10) ______, but they are more disconnected than ever. 【答案】 1) socializing with 2) answers text messages 3) find it easier 4) are brought closer 5) obsesses over 6) is dominated 7) chasing after 8) depressed 9) keeps delaying 10) hard-wired in 五、阅读理解 A Public speaking can be stressful, but sufficient preparation can reduce the stress of speaking in front of people. Here are a few steps to help you make an effective presentation. Prepare Select and research your topic carefully. Wide reading will help you gather enough material and focus your research at the preparation stage. Develop a rough outline of what you might include-this can come from any key points your lecture has told you to include. Organize your research into your outline. Keep the time limit in mind, and make any cuts of unnecessary or irrelevant information. Write a draft of your speech. It is especially useful if you are using vocabulary that you might be finding difficult to remember. Summarise your written speech into brief notes. These will eventually become your numbered note cards. Prepare any visual that you are going to use to support your presentation. Remember visual aids should be simple and effective in supporting whatever you are saying. Practise Know your stuff-confidence comes with knowledge of content, If you know what you are talking about, then you won’t feel nervous about what you are going to say. Practice presenting your speech in front of a mirror, and if you have enough courage, ask your trusted friends to watch you. The more you practice, the more confident you will be. Ask for constructive advice. Ask your friends for advice about your gestures, speed of delivery, and even the clarity of your message. Present Get to the presentation early and meet your audience as they walk in. This might be a good way to calm your nerves, as you know who are in the room. Practice standing at the front to get your feel for the room and space before you begin. Also, make sure any technology that you are using in the presentation is working. Relax-if you are fully prepared, you will make it! 1. What can be included in the outline of your speech? A. The reason you choose the topic. B. The key points required to talk about. C. The words you find hard to remember. D. The list of material you read on the topic. 2. How can you reduce nervousness in a presentation? A. Know your speech content well. B. Arrive at the presentation on time. C. Take all the advice from your friends D. Use no technology in case it goes wrong. 3. To make an effective speech, you need to__________. A. write down every detail on the numbered note cards B. present as much information as possible to convey your ideas C. read extensively to collect sufficient material related to your topic D. use vivid and complex visual aids to draw the attention of audience 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了几个可以帮助你做一个有效演讲的步骤。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Develop a rough outline of what you might include-this can come from any key points your lecture has told you to include.(对你可能包括的内容做一个粗略的概述——这可以是你的演讲告诉你要包括的任何关键点。)”可知，演讲大纲中可以包括需要谈论的要点。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Practise部分下的第一段“Know your stuff-confidence comes with knowledge of content. If you know what you are talking about, then you won’t feel nervous about what you are going to say.(了解你的东西——自信伴随着对内容的了解。如果你知道你在说什么，那么你就不会对你将要说的感到紧张。)”可知，熟悉演讲内容可以减少演讲中的紧张情绪，故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wide reading will help you gather enough material and focus your research at the preparation stage.(广泛的阅读将帮助你收集足够的材料，并在准备阶段集中你的研究。)”可知，为了做一个有效的演讲，你需要广泛地阅读来收集与你的主题相关的足够的材料，故选C。 B My wife Hannah and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. After my diagnosis (诊断) with a brain cancer, I loved to have something green and alive around us. And then I got a lucky bamboo plant in a pot from my friend Mitch. I told Hannah I wanted to care for the plant myself. As a physician, I was used to providing care. Since my diagnosis, I had to rely on help from other people, leaving me feeling aimless and upset. Watering the plant taught me I could still be a caregiver. Over the next few months, I recovered from surgery and completed the first round of treatment. Both the bamboo and I were thriving (繁荣). Then, mysteriously, it began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept dropping to the floor, making me discouraged and uneasy. “I can’t even care for simple plant!” I yelled. “I’m failing!” Hannah reminded me that we’d seen houseplants die before. She asked me why I was getting so worked up about this particular one. “If my lucky bamboo dies,” I cried out, “I might die too!” Identifying with the plant had offered me comfort. Now that the plant was struggling, I felt increasingly fearful. Suddenly, one day, I realized I had wrongly connected my care for the plant—something over which I had at least some control — with my own survival — something over which I had no control. When my cancer returned, it would not be because of any failure on my part — not because I ate sugar occasionally and certainly not because I failed to keep this plant alive. As my anxiety lessened, I learned from online tips to care for my dying plant. I moved the bamboo to a larger pot, separating its roots to give it room to grow. When it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive again. 4. What made the author change his attitude toward keeping houseplants? A. He recovered from surgery. B. He got a lucky bamboo plant. C. He was diagnosed with a cancer. D. He learned how to water a plant. 5. What was the main cause for the author’s anxiety? A. His struggle with cancer. B. His decision to care for the plant. C. His inability to look after himself. D. His belief in linking his survival to the plant’s. 6. What can we learn from the passage? A. Everything comes to those who wait. B. Positive thinking is a cure of anxiety. C. Trust yourself that you can do it and get it. D. You carry the passport to your own success. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者患癌之后养了一盆竹子，护理这盆竹子让作者慢慢找到了自己的意义，但由于作者将竹子与自己的生存联系在一起，竹子的不良反应让作者非常气馁不安，后来作者意识到了这一点，坦然接受了自己患癌这件无法控制的事情，也把这棵濒死的植物救了回来。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My wife Hannah and I usually don’t keep houseplants.(我和妻子Hannah通常不养室内植物。)”，“After my diagnosis (诊断) with a brain cancer, I loved to have something green and alive around us.(在我被诊断出患有脑癌后，我喜欢在我们周围有一些绿色和有生命的东西。)”可知，作者被确诊患有脑癌后，他开始喜欢养室内植物了。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“‘If my lucky bamboo dies,’ I cried out, ‘I might die too!’(‘如果我的幸运竹子死了，’我喊道，‘我可能也会死！’)”，第七段“Identifying with the plant had offered me comfort. Now that the plant was struggling, I felt increasingly fearful.(认同这株植物给了我安慰。现在这株植物正在挣扎，我感到越来越害怕。)”和第八段中的“Suddenly, one day, I realized I had wrongly connected my care for the plant — something over which I had at least some control — with my own survival — something over which I had no control.(突然，有一天，我意识到我错误地将我对植物的照顾——我至少可以控制的事情——与我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。)”可知，作者感觉竹子死了的话自己也会死，所以看到这棵竹子在垂死挣扎，自己也非常害怕，后来他才意识到自己将照顾竹子和自己的生存联系在一起，前者是可以控制的事情，而后者是不可控制的事情。由此可推测出，作者内心焦虑是因为他将自己的生存与竹子的命运联系在一起。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第八段中的“Suddenly, one day, I realized I had wrongly connected my care for the plant — something over which I had at least some control — with my own survival — something over which I had no control.(突然，有一天，我意识到我错误地将我对植物的照顾——我至少可以控制的事情——与我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。)”并结合全文内容可知，作者患癌之后养了一盆竹子，对它悉心照料，不知不觉中将竹子与自己的存活联系在了一起，竹子的不良反应让作者非常焦虑，后来作者意识到了这一点，明白了自己癌症复发并不是自己的问题，也不是竹子造成的影响。再根据最后一段中的“As my anxiety lessened, I learned from online tips to care for my dying plant.(随着我的焦虑减轻，我从网上学到了照顾濒临死亡的植物的技巧。)”可知，作者明白了这些道理后焦虑减轻了。由此可推测出，作者在思想上由消极到积极的转变让作者减轻了焦虑，积极的思想是治疗焦虑的良药。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Relationship 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. ___________________ 看望我的侄女 2. ___________________ 和我的侄子玩 3. ___________________ 患上流感 4. ___________________ 从不同角度 5. ___________________ 发射火箭 6. ___________________ 燃料耗尽 7. ___________________ 酸雨 8. ___________________ 水流 9. ___________________ 弯下腰 10. ___________________ 内向的人 11. ___________________ 感到紧张焦虑 12. ___________________ 住在宿舍 13. ___________________ 精神刺激 14. ___________________ 含酒精的饮料 15. ___________________ 技术创新 16. ___________________ 主要竞争对手 17. ___________________ 清晰地 18. ___________________ 职业发展 19. ___________________ 公众参与 20. ___________________ 阻塞道路 21. ___________________ 药物滥用 22. ___________________ 钦佩地 23. ___________________ 寻求批准 24. ___________________ 坚持原则 25. ___________________ 进入政界 二、写作词汇： 1. ___________________ 对……充满热情 2. ___________________ 外向的性格 3. ___________________ 难以置信的成就 4. ___________________ 变得情绪化 5. ___________________ 对……感激 6. ___________________ 极其重要 7. ___________________ 偶尔拜访 8. ___________________ 勉强起身离开 9. ___________________ 缺乏睡眠 10. ___________________ 有途径使用/获得 11. ___________________ 实践经验 12. ___________________ 值得做某事 13. ___________________ 做演示/报告 14. ___________________ 良好的行为 15. ___________________ 处理问题 16. ___________________ 感到心烦 17. ___________________ 提高意识 18. ___________________ 强调重要性 19. ___________________ 对……感到羞愧 20. ___________________ 要求高的工作 21. ___________________ 有效措施 22. ___________________ 对……敏感 23. ___________________ for 偏爱 24. ___________________ of 无意…… 25. ___________________ 以礼貌的方式 26. ___________________ 主导市场 27. ___________________ 推迟做某事 28. ___________________ 抱怨 29. ___________________ 渴望…… 30. ___________________ 激烈的竞争 31. ___________________ 感到沮丧 32. ___________________ 非凡的才能 33. ___________________ 不断变化 34. ___________________ 几乎不够 35. ___________________ 赶上截止日期 36. ___________________ 真诚希望 37. ___________________ 接受邀请 38. ___________________ 代表 39. ___________________ 感到不安全 40. ___________________ 防御/保卫 41. ___________________ 感到缺乏动力 42. ___________________ 相比之下 43. ___________________ 缺乏动力 三、词汇变形： 1. practical（形容词，实际的；实用的；务实的）→________（动词，练习；践行） 2. lack（动词，缺乏，不足）→________（名词，缺乏；短缺） 3. presentation（名词，报告；展示；陈述）→________（动词，展示；呈现） 4. behaviour（名词，行为，举止）→________（动词，表现；举止） 5. access（名词/动词，通道；使用权；访问，进入）→________（形容词，可使用的；可接触到的） 6. educationalist（名词，教育家）→________（形容词，教育的；有教育意义的） 7. preference（名词，偏爱；偏好）→________（动词，更喜欢；偏好） 8. ashamed（形容词，羞愧的；惭愧的）→________（名词，羞愧；耻辱） 9. intention（名词，意图；目的）→________（动词，打算；意欲） 10. demanding（形容词，要求高的；费力的）→________（动词，要求；需要） 11. effective（形容词，有效的；起作用的）→________（名词，效果；影响） 12. sensitive（形容词，敏感的；善解人意的）→________（名词，敏感性） 13. socialise（动词，社交、交际）→________（形容词，社会的、社交的） 14. constantly（副词，不断地；时常）→________（形容词，持续的；恒定的） 15. associate（动词，联系；交往）→________（名词，协会；联系） 16. obsess（动词，使痴迷；困扰）→________（形容词，痴迷的；念念不忘的） 17. reality（名词，现实；真实情况）→________（形容词，真实的） 18. stimulation（名词，刺激；激励）→________（动词，刺激；激发） 19. complain（动词，抱怨；投诉）→________（名词，抱怨；投诉） 四、拓展词汇 1. adoption n. 采用；收养；选定 2. apology n. 道歉 3. approval n. 赞成；批准，通过 4. argument n. 论据，论点；争吵，争论，争辩 5. delivery n. 传送，递送 6. depressed adj. 沮丧的，抑郁的 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的，令人抑郁的 depression n. 沮丧；抑郁症 7. interruption n. 打扰，插嘴 8. invitation n. 邀请 inviting adj. 诱人的，吸引人的 9. knowledgeable adj. 博学的；知识渊博的 10. practical adj. 实际的；切实可行的 11. preference n. 偏爱，喜爱，偏好；偏爱的事物，最喜爱的东西 12. refusal n. 拒绝，回绝 13. response n. 回答，答复；反应，响应 14. socialise/socialize v. 使适应社会；（和他人）交际，交往 15. appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有趣的 16. applause n. 鼓掌，喝彩 17. cooperation n. 合作，协作 cooperative adj. 合作的；协助的 18. departure n. 离开，启程，出发 19. distinguished adj. 杰出的，著名的；高贵的，值得尊敬的 20. division n. 分歧，差异；分开，分隔；除（法） 五、熟词生义 1. host：熟义=主人；主持人；生义=主办；做……的东道主（动词） 2. handle：熟义=手柄；把手；生义=处理（难题）；应付（局面） 3. raise：熟义=提高；举起；抚养；生义=提出（问题、话题等）；提起 4. highlight：熟义=强调；使突出；生义=标出；突出显示 5. access：熟义=通道；入口；接近；生义=接触的机会；进入权 6. chase：熟义=追逐；追赶；生义=努力赢得（如机会、目标） 7. scroll：熟义=卷轴；卷状物；生义=上下滚动（屏幕内容，动词） 8. bend：熟义=弯曲；使弯曲；生义=弯腰；俯身 9. sensitive：熟义=敏感的（指感官或情感）；生义=善解人意的（指人际交往） 10. presentation：熟义=展示；演示；赠送；生义=报告；陈述（口头或书面） 11. appointment：熟义=任命；职位；正式约会；生义=约定；约会（非正式或普通会面） 12. secondary：熟义=次要的；第二的；生义=中等教育的（如 secondary school） 13. pour：熟义=倒；倾泻；生义=灌；注（常与 into 搭配，表投入） 14. drag：熟义=拖；拉（物理动作）；生义=拖；拉（也指被动带往某处） 写作 句型 句式1 出处： Lesson 1 · My Teacher 原句： I know that I wasn't a willing student, but I wasn't slow to learn new things. 结构分析： - 主句：I know - that 引导宾语从句：that I wasn't a willing student - but 连接并列分句：I wasn't slow to learn new things（省略 that，与前面并列） - 整体为“主谓宾 + 转折并列”结构，适用于表达自我认知或对比观点。 译文： 我知道自己不是一个好学的学生，但我学新东西并不慢。 句式2 出处： Lesson 1 · My Student 原句： I think it's important to understand that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student. 结构分析： - 主句：I think - 宾语从句（省略 that）：it's important to understand ... - 其中 it 作形式主语，真正主语是 to understand ... - understand 后接 that 引导的宾语从句：that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student - 该句式适用于表达个人观点或教育理念。 译文： 我认为，理解“没有所谓的好学生或坏学生”这一点很重要。 句式3 出处： Lesson 1 · My Student 原句： The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn. 结构分析： - 主句：The thing about being a teacher is ... - that 引导表语从句：that you have access to children's minds - when 引导时间状语从句：when they are open and eager to learn（修饰 have access） - 该句式适合下定义或阐述某个职业/事物的特点。 译文： 当老师的好处在于，你能在孩子们心扉敞开且渴望学习时进入他们的思想世界。 句式4 出处： Lesson 3 · Social Networking 原句： What is really worrying is that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey. 结构分析： - 主语从句：What is really worrying（作整个句子的主语） - 系动词：is - that 引导表语从句：that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey - 其中 I know 为定语从句修饰 no one - 该句式适合引出令人担忧或值得注意的事实。 译文： 真正令人担忧的是，我认识的每一个人（包括我自己）都无法彻底戒掉社交网络。 句式5 出处： Lesson 3 · Social Networking 原句： Not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. 结构分析： - 否定词 Not once 置于句首，引起部分倒装 - 助动词 did 提前，主语 she 后接动词原形 lift - 正常语序为：She did not once lift her head ... - 该句式用于强调“从未/几乎没有”做过某事，适合描写遗憾或批评。 译文： 她一次都没有抬起头来欣赏窗外的景色。 语法 过去完成时 过去完成时表示在过去的事件之前已经发生的事件或存在的状态，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的构成是：主语+had+动词过去分词。 难点提示： 1. 过去完成时的基本结构 肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词 否定句：主语+had not+动词过去分词 疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词 被动语态：主语+had+been+动词过去分词 2. 使用过去完成时，过去时间有时由一个时间状语表示出来（如例1），但在更多情况下过去时间都由上下文表示出来（如例2、例3）。 例1：By the end of last month, they had treated over 10, 000 patients. 例2：She found she had left her suitcase on the train. 例3：The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 3. 过去完成时和一般过去时可以用在同一个句子中，体现过去事件发生的顺序。比较下列句子： When I arrived, she left. (I arrived and then she left. ) 我到达时她离开了。 When I arrived, she had left. (She left before I arrived. ) 我到达时她已经离开了。 写作 邀请信——邀请外教 Mr. White 担任英语朗读比赛评委 假定你是李华，是校读书俱乐部的负责人。俱乐部将要进行英语朗读比赛。请你给外教 Mr. White 写一封电子邮件。内容如下： 1. 邀请他担任比赛评委； 2. 告知比赛的具体安排（如时间、地点、内容等）； 3. 请他向学生推荐合适的文学作品。 Dear Mr. White， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mr. White, I’m writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at three next Wednesday afternoon in the lecture hall. If available then, could you do us a favor? And we would appreciate having you as a judge. By the way, it would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. Thanks for considering our request. I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】 本文是一封邀请类电子邮件。作者以李华的身份向外教Mr. White写信，邀请对方参加英语朗读比赛并担任评委，同时告知比赛相关信息，请求对方为学生推荐合适的英文文学作品，语言礼貌得体，覆盖全部写作要点。 【详解】 1. I’m writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at three next Wednesday afternoon in the lecture hall. 开篇直接说明写信目的；过去分词短语organized by the reading club作后置定语，修饰the reading contest。补充规范表达建议：时间调整为at 3 p.m. next Wednesday，语序更加符合英文习惯。 2. If available then, could you do us a favor? And we would appreciate having you as a judge. If available then 为条件状语从句的省略形式；do us a favor 请求帮忙，句式口语化且礼貌；appreciate doing sth 为固定搭配，表示“感激做某事”。 3. By the way, it would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. 使用委婉句型it would be very nice if you could…提出请求；形容词短语suitable for us students作后置定语，修饰works。 4. I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience! 正式书信常用结尾句，用于礼貌期待对方回复。 【点睛】 ① 文章要点齐全，逻辑清晰，依次交代赛事信息、邀请担任评委、请求推荐读物三大内容； ② 灵活运用分词作定语、状语从句省略结构等语法，丰富句式； ③ 多处使用委婉请求句式，契合邀请信礼貌正式的语言要求； ④ 积累短语：be present at 出席；do sb a favor 帮忙；at one’s earliest convenience 尽早。 一、知识点精讲 1. lack The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself. 我的问题是对自己缺乏信心。 【双语释义】 lack ◆vt. to have none or not enough of sth 缺乏 She lacks the determination that her brother has. 她没有决心，而她的兄弟却有。 ◆n. the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth 缺乏 There was no lack of volunteers. 志愿者不乏其人。 【积累拓展】 (a/the) lack of sth 缺乏某物 lack (for) nothing 没有，缺乏；不足，不够 for lack of… 因缺乏…… 2. access The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn. 做老师意味着，你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候，走进他们的心灵。 【双语释义】 ◆access n. (1) the opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb/sth 进入；接触的机会 Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有机会接触到好的资源。 (2) a way of entering or reaching a place 通道；通路；入径 The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 前往那个农舍唯一的道路要穿过田野。 ◆access vt. to reach, enter or use sth 进入；到达；使用 The loft can be accessed by a ladder. 可以搭梯子上阁楼。 【积累拓展】 get access to sth 获得；接近；可以使用 give access to sth 让…… 进入 have access to sth 可以使用 3. raise It also gives us an opportunity to raise further questions about anything we don’t understand. 这也让我们有机会对我们不理解的东西提出进一步的问题。 【双语释义】 ◆raise vt. (1) to mention sth for people to discuss or sb to deal with 提出，提起 The book raises many important questions. 这本书提出了许多重要问题。 (2) to lift or move sth to a higher level 提升；举起；提起 He raised a hand in greeting. 他扬起手表示问候。 (3) to move sth/sb/yourself to a vertical position (使) 直立，站立 Somehow we managed to raise her to her feet. 不管怎样，我们终于让她站了起来。 (4) to bring or collect money or people together; to manage to get or form sth 筹募；征集；召集；组建 We are raising money for charity. 我们在进行慈善募捐。 (5) to care for a child or young animal until it is able to take care of itself 抚养；养育；培养 They were both raised in the South. 他们俩都是在南方长大的。 ◆raise n. an increase in salary（工资或薪金的）提高，增加 He wants a raise and some perks. 他希望加工资和津贴。 【积累拓展】 raise up 举起，抬起 4. chase The stimulation is in chasing after the next song rather than truly enjoying it. 我的兴奋点是寻找下一首歌而不是真正欣赏音乐。 【双语释义】 chase ◆vi. & vt. to run, drive, etc. after sb/sth in order to catch them 追逐，追赶 The kids chased each other around the kitchen table. 孩子们围着厨房的桌子相互追逐嬉戏。 ◆n. an act of running or driving after sb/sth in order to catch them 追逐，追赶 The thieves were caught by police after a short chase. 经过短暂的追捕，小偷被警察擒获。 【积累拓展】 chase after 追逐；追赶 chase away 赶走；驱逐 in chase of 追求 (追赶) 5. the first time But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class, I really became interested in a subject for the first time. 但是在 15 岁那年，我走进了詹金斯老师的课堂，第一次对一个学科真正产生了兴趣。 【积累拓展】 the first time 具有连词功能，引导时间状语从句 for the first time 介词短语，作状语，不具有连词功能，不可用来引导状语从句 6. associate…with I have a never-ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online. 我总是不停地收到交往的网友发来的信息和最新消息。 【积累拓展】 associate…with… 把…… 和…… 联系起来 be associated with… 与…… 有关 ◆同根词 association n. 协会；社团；联合；交往 in association with… 与…… 联合 / 合作 二、核心语法精讲 过去完成时表示在过去的事件之前已经发生的事件或存在的状态，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的构成是：主语+had+动词过去分词。 难点提示： 1. 过去完成时的基本结构 肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词 否定句：主语+had not+动词过去分词 疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词 被动语态：主语+had+been+动词过去分词 2. 使用过去完成时，过去时间有时由一个时间状语表示出来（如例1），但在更多情况下过去时间都由上下文表示出来（如例2、例3）。 例1：By the end of last month, they had treated over 10, 000 patients. 例2：She found she had left her suitcase on the train. 例3：The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 3. 过去完成时和一般过去时可以用在同一个句子中，体现过去事件发生的顺序。比较下列句子： When I arrived, she left. (I arrived and then she left. ) 我到达时她离开了。 When I arrived, she had left. (She left before I arrived. ) 我到达时她已经离开了。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 话题内容： 邀请外教担任英语朗读比赛评委 主题语境： 人与社会——学校生活与活动组织 文体类型： 应用文——邀请信（电子邮件） 写作要点： - 发出邀请（担任评委） - 告知具体安排（时间、地点、活动内容） - 提出附加请求（推荐文学作品） 2. 写作框架 第一段：开篇点题 - 功能：写信目的 + 活动基本信息（时间、地点、内容、组织方） - 核心句式：I'm writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at 3 p.m. next Wednesday in the lecture hall. 第二段：正文展开 - 功能：委婉邀请 + 说明具体角色 + 附加请求 - 核心句式： - If available then, could you do us a favor? - We would appreciate having you as a judge. - By the way, it would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. 第三段：结尾收束 - 功能：表达感谢 + 期待回复 - 核心句式： - Thanks for considering our request. - I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience! 3. 写作素材 3.1 开篇句（写信目的） 1. I'm writing to invite you to be present at ... 2. I'm writing on behalf of the school's reading club to invite you to ... 3. It is my great honor to invite you to ... 4. I would like to invite you to attend ... 3.2 活动安排句（告知时间、地点、内容） 1. The contest will be held in the lecture hall at 3 p.m. next Wednesday. 2. The event is scheduled to take place in the school hall from 2 to 5 p.m. this Friday. 3. We have organized a reading contest, which will begin at 3 p.m. next Wednesday in the lecture hall. 3.3 委婉邀请句（核心邀请） 1. If available then, could you do us a favor? 2. We would be grateful if you could spare some time to join us. 3. Would you be available to act as a judge for the contest? 4. We would appreciate it if you could come and be our judge. 3.4 明确角色句（说明做什么） 1. We would appreciate having you as a judge. 2. You would be responsible for listening to all the speeches and grading the performances. 3. We would like you to evaluate the contestants' pronunciation and fluency. 4. Could you please give some comments on the students' performances? 3.5 附加请求句（提出额外请求） 1. It would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. 2. We would also appreciate it if you could suggest some English poems for us to read. 3. By the way, could you please recommend some English novels that are suitable for high school students? 3.6 结尾句（感谢与期待回复） 1. Thanks for considering our request. 2. We would appreciate your timely reply. 3. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 4. Thank you for your time and we hope to hear from you soon. 3.7 常用短语积累 - be present at：出席 - do sb a favor：帮某人一个忙 - be responsible for：负责…… - at one's earliest convenience：尽早 - on behalf of：代表 - look forward to：期待 - organize / hold / host：组织/举办/主办 - appreciate doing sth：感激做某事 4. 范文背诵 题目： 邀请外教 Mr. White 担任英语朗读比赛评委 Dear Mr. White, I'm writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at 3 p.m. next Wednesday in the lecture hall. If available then, could you do us a favor? And we would appreciate having you as a judge. By the way, it would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. Thanks for considering our request. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 背诵重点句（5句核心）： 1. I'm writing to invite you to be present at the reading contest organized by the reading club at 3 p.m. next Wednesday in the lecture hall. （开篇+安排：时间/地点/内容/组织方） 2. If available then, could you do us a favor? （委婉邀请） 3. We would appreciate having you as a judge. （明确角色：评委） 4. It would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students. （附加请求：推荐作品） 5. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. （期待回复） 5. 变式场景拓展 - 朗读比赛 → 邀请角色：judge（评委） - 英语讲座 → 邀请角色：guest speaker（演讲嘉宾） - 运动会 → 邀请角色：referee（裁判） - 文艺晚会 → 邀请角色：performer（表演嘉宾） - 英语角 → 邀请角色：advisor（指导老师） - 演讲比赛 → 邀请角色：judge（评委） - 校园开放日 → 邀请角色：guide（引导员） 易错点01 a couple of 作主语时的主谓一致 【一句话辨异】A couple of new students have just joined our class, but the couple is planning to move to another city next month. 有几位新生刚加入我们班，但那对夫妻计划下个月搬到另一个城市去。 【错因辨析】 1. a couple of + 可数名词复数：意为“几个/两三个”，表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。此用法占考题90%以上。 - A couple of my classmates have signed up for the school running club. 我的几个同学已经报名参加了学校跑步社团。（强调“几个人”，用复数） 2. the couple：指“夫妻/情侣”这一对整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调夫妻二人各自行动，谓语可用复数（但高考及日常使用中单数更为常见、稳妥）。 - The young couple is celebrating their first wedding anniversary today. 那对年轻夫妇今天在庆祝他们的结婚一周年纪念日。（强调一个整体，用单数） - 区分口诀：a couple of 接复数（几个），the couple 是一对（整体单数） 【对点训练】 3. In the past few weeks, a couple of volunteers ______ to help organize the campus book fair. A. has offered B. have offered C. is offering D. offers 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查a couple of的主谓一致。a couple of + 复数名词 volunteers，表示“几位志愿者”，谓语动词应用复数形式，排除A、C、D（均为单数），故选B have offered。时间状语In the past few weeks提示用现在完成时。 易错点02 so far 的时态搭配 【一句话辨异】I have learned over 3,000 English words so far, and I will keep reviewing them regularly so that I can remember them longer. 到目前为止我已经学了3000多个英语单词，而且我会继续定期复习，以便记得更久。 【错因辨析】 1. so far = up to now（到目前为止），是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，谓语动词必须用现在完成时（have/has done）。此为高考高频考点，占比超95%。 - So far, we have raised enough money to buy new books for the library. 到目前为止，我们已经募集了足够为图书馆购买新书的资金。 2. so far 不可与一般过去时或一般现在时搭配使用，这是考生最易犯的错误。 - ❌ So far, we finish half of the project.（错误） - ✅ So far, we have finished half of the project.（正确） 3. 易混淆词辨析： - by now（到现在为止）→ 也用现在完成时 - up to now（直到现在）→ 也用现在完成时 - until now（直到现在）→ 用现在完成时或一般过去时均可（视语境） 【对点训练】 4. So far, the research team ______ great progress in exploring the causes of the disease. A. makes B. made C. has made D. was making 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查so far的时态搭配。so far是现在完成时的标志词，意为“到目前为止”，谓语必须用现在完成时have/has done，排除A（一般现在时）、B（一般过去时）、D（过去进行时），故选C has made。 易错点03 once 作连词引导时间状语从句的时态 【一句话辨异】Once you step onto the stage, you will feel the tremendous energy from the audience. 一旦你走上舞台，你就会感受到来自观众的强大能量。 【错因辨析】 1. once 作连词，意为“一旦……就……”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。从句中用一般现在时表将来（即“主将从现”），这是高考核心考点。 - Once you understand the basic rules of the game, you will find it much easier to play. 一旦你理解了游戏的基本规则，你就会发现玩起来容易多了。（从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时） 2. once 还可引导条件状语从句，同样遵循“主将从现”原则。 - Once you have made a decision, you should stick to it. 一旦你做出了决定，就应该坚持下去。 3. 考生常见错误：在once引导的从句中误用将来时（will do）。 - ❌ Once you will arrive at the station, call me.（错误） - ✅ Once you arrive at the station, call me.（正确） 4. once 与 as soon as / the moment / immediately 等引导时间状语从句时，用法相同，均遵循“主将从现”。 【对点训练】 5. Once you ______ the importance of peer pressure, you ______ better ways to deal with it. A. will realize; find B. realize; will find C. realized; found D. have realized; found 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查once引导时间状语从句的“主将从现”原则。once引导从句，从句中应用一般现在时表将来，排除A（从句用将来时，错误）；主句应用将来时，排除C和D（均为过去时），故选B。 易错点04 including 作介词，不接不定式 【一句话辨异】All the students, including those who are weak in math, have passed the final exam without any difficulty. 所有学生，包括那些数学薄弱的学生，都毫无困难地通过了期末考试。 【错因辨析】 1. including 是介词，意为“包括”，后面必须接名词/代词/动名词（-ing），绝对不接不定式（to do）。此为高频易错点。 - I have read many classic novels, including Journey to the West and The Dream of the Red Chamber. 我读过很多经典小说，包括《西游记》和《红楼梦》。（接名词） - Everyone was invited to the party, including me. 所有人都被邀请了参加聚会，包括我。（接代词） 2. 考生常见错误：受汉语“包括去做某事”的干扰，误用including to do。 - ❌ The course covers many topics, including to learn how to write a good essay.（错误） - ✅ The course covers many topics, including learning how to write a good essay.（正确，接动名词） 3. 同义词辨析： - including（包括）→ 介词，接名词/动名词 - containing（包含）→ 及物动词，接名词作宾语 - inclusive of（包括……在内）→ 形容词短语，接名词 4. 拓展：included（包括的）作后置定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。 - Everyone laughed, me included. 所有人都笑了，包括我在内。 【对点训练】 6. The school offers a variety of after-class activities, ______ playing basketball, painting and learning to play a musical instrument. A. included B. including C. include D. to include 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查including的介词用法。空格后接playing、painting、learning等动名词，说明此处需要介词，including意为“包括”，符合题意，故选B。A项included需置于被修饰词之后（如activities included）；C项include为动词原形，不能作介词；D项to include为不定式，不能直接接动名词作宾语。 一、默写重点单词 A. 英译汉 1. a sense of humour ______ 2. for the first time ______ 3. pour...into ______ 4. add up to ______ 5. give a presentation ______ 6. the path to success ______ 7. have access to ______ 8. point out ______ 9. be eager to do ______ 10. give feedback ______ 11. in reality ______ 12. go without ______ 13. check through ______ 14. turn...into ______ 15. face to face ______ 16. take up ______ B. 汉译英 1. 过去经常 ______ 2. 几个 ______ 3. 缺乏自信 ______ 4. 和……交朋友 ______ 5. 擅长 ______ 6. 感到烦恼 ______ 7. 提出问题 ______ 8. 回信息 ______ 9. 感到孤独 ______ 10. 与某人交往 ______ 11. 根据 ______ 12. 优点和缺点 ______ 13. 同意某人的意见 ______ 14. 力求达到 ______ 15. 代表 ______ 16. 迄今为止 ______ 二、词汇运用 1. The programme tries to make science more ______ to children. (access) 2. Parents can influence the ______ of their children. (behave) 3. The hotel offers a high standard of service at ______ rates. (compete) 4. The new learning method has proved more ______ than expected. (effect) 5. Most successful people I know are very ______ about their work. (passion) 6. He works for us on an ______ basis. (occasion) 7. These methods can help increase students' ______ and interest. (motivate) 8. The soldiers showed ______ bravery. (admire) 9. I haven't heard any ______ about the approach we're taking. (complain) 10. He was one of the most creative and ______ engineers of his generation. (innovate) 三、重点句型 1. 多重从句嵌套（定语从句+表语从句） The only thing I can remember from school maths is ______________________________________ . 我上学时学的数学，唯一还记得的内容就是三角形内角和是180度！ 2. catch sb. doing sth. 搭配+宾语从句 Once I ______________________________________ who could jump the farthest off the school stage! 有一次我撞见他和朋友们比赛谁从学校舞台上跳下来跳得最远！ 3. 主语从句+表语从句 ______________________________________ that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey. 真正令人担忧的是，我认识的所有人（包括我自己）都没法彻底戒掉（相关习惯）。 4. 定语从句+方式状语结构 People______________________________________ may be more likely to seek their peers' approval by going along with risky suggestions or choosing the "wrong" path. 自信心不足、对自己缺乏把握的人，更容易听从冒险的提议或是选择“错误”的道路，以此来寻求同龄人的认可。 四、课文语法填空 Mark has hundreds of friends online and never stops ______ (1) ______ them, but he still always feels very lonely. As soon as he wakes up in the morning, he checks through all social networking apps, reads his emails and ______ (2) ______. And he will repeat all this over and over again through the day. However, he is not the only kid to do this. According to a research, two-thirds of young people ______ (3) ______ to make friends online than it is “in real life”. It seems that people ______ (4) ______ by phones but the reality says no. Mark ______ (5) ______ how many followers he has on his account more than his oldest mates. His life ______ (6) ______ by social networking such as ______ (7) ______ the new songs rather than enjoying them. He constantly feels ______ (8) ______, dissatisfied and alone because he ______ (9) ______ things that are important in real life. His family and friends spend most of their time with their phones and can not imagine what life would be like without them. The problem is that they are ______ (10) ______, but they are more disconnected than ever. 五、阅读理解 A Public speaking can be stressful, but sufficient preparation can reduce the stress of speaking in front of people. Here are a few steps to help you make an effective presentation. Prepare Select and research your topic carefully. Wide reading will help you gather enough material and focus your research at the preparation stage. Develop a rough outline of what you might include-this can come from any key points your lecture has told you to include. Organize your research into your outline. Keep the time limit in mind, and make any cuts of unnecessary or irrelevant information. Write a draft of your speech. It is especially useful if you are using vocabulary that you might be finding difficult to remember. Summarise your written speech into brief notes. These will eventually become your numbered note cards. Prepare any visual that you are going to use to support your presentation. Remember visual aids should be simple and effective in supporting whatever you are saying. Practise Know your stuff-confidence comes with knowledge of content, If you know what you are talking about, then you won’t feel nervous about what you are going to say. Practice presenting your speech in front of a mirror, and if you have enough courage, ask your trusted friends to watch you. The more you practice, the more confident you will be. Ask for constructive advice. Ask your friends for advice about your gestures, speed of delivery, and even the clarity of your message. Present Get to the presentation early and meet your audience as they walk in. This might be a good way to calm your nerves, as you know who are in the room. Practice standing at the front to get your feel for the room and space before you begin. Also, make sure any technology that you are using in the presentation is working. Relax-if you are fully prepared, you will make it! 1. What can be included in the outline of your speech? A. The reason you choose the topic. B. The key points required to talk about. C. The words you find hard to remember. D. The list of material you read on the topic. 2. How can you reduce nervousness in a presentation? A. Know your speech content well. B. Arrive at the presentation on time. C. Take all the advice from your friends D. Use no technology in case it goes wrong. 3. To make an effective speech, you need to__________. A. write down every detail on the numbered note cards B. present as much information as possible to convey your ideas C. read extensively to collect sufficient material related to your topic D. use vivid and complex visual aids to draw the attention of audience B My wife Hannah and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. After my diagnosis (诊断) with a brain cancer, I loved to have something green and alive around us. And then I got a lucky bamboo plant in a pot from my friend Mitch. I told Hannah I wanted to care for the plant myself. As a physician, I was used to providing care. Since my diagnosis, I had to rely on help from other people, leaving me feeling aimless and upset. Watering the plant taught me I could still be a caregiver. Over the next few months, I recovered from surgery and completed the first round of treatment. Both the bamboo and I were thriving (繁荣). Then, mysteriously, it began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept dropping to the floor, making me discouraged and uneasy. “I can’t even care for simple plant!” I yelled. “I’m failing!” Hannah reminded me that we’d seen houseplants die before. She asked me why I was getting so worked up about this particular one. “If my lucky bamboo dies,” I cried out, “I might die too!” Identifying with the plant had offered me comfort. Now that the plant was struggling, I felt increasingly fearful. Suddenly, one day, I realized I had wrongly connected my care for the plant—something over which I had at least some control — with my own survival — something over which I had no control. When my cancer returned, it would not be because of any failure on my part — not because I ate sugar occasionally and certainly not because I failed to keep this plant alive. As my anxiety lessened, I learned from online tips to care for my dying plant. I moved the bamboo to a larger pot, separating its roots to give it room to grow. When it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive again. 4. What made the author change his attitude toward keeping houseplants? A. He recovered from surgery. B. He got a lucky bamboo plant. C. He was diagnosed with a cancer. D. He learned how to water a plant. 5. What was the main cause for the author’s anxiety? A. His struggle with cancer. B. His decision to care for the plant. C. His inability to look after himself. D. His belief in linking his survival to the plant’s. 6. What can we learn from the passage? A. Everything comes to those who wait. B. Positive thinking is a cure of anxiety. C. Trust yourself that you can do it and get it. D. You carry the passport to your own success. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $