专题05 Unit 5 Learning from nature-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案围绕“仿生学”主题系统整合12个高考高频词汇，以语境串记语篇为核心，通过词根拆解、词性变化总表等构建知识网络。设计语篇理解、词根联想等任务，引导学生自主梳理词汇用法及考点联系，形成层次分明的词汇体系。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如语法填空融入真题改编题，自我检测环节提供复述模板助力知识复盘，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。关联阅读和写作词汇升级活动，帮助学生自主诊断薄弱点，教师可依据学情精准指导，有效提升备考实效。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：lotus / termite / biomimicry / mimic / architect / employ / convert / superb / wisdom / withdraw / reluctant / attain （知识点来源：选修三 Unit 5 · Learning from nature + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 A lotus leaf stays spotless in muddy water, and a termite mound keeps cool without a single fan. Biomimicry is the science of borrowing such quiet tricks, and engineers now mimic what nature perfected long before we were here. An architect may employ the curve of a shell to convert thin walls into strong ones, so that a superb building is born from a very humble creature. Good design seldom shouts; it simply works. The wisdom of nature is patient: it never hurries and does not withdraw from a difficult problem. We are often reluctant to wait, yet only those who watch closely will attain a design worth keeping. 【中文译文】 莲（lotus）叶在泥水中依旧洁净无瑕，白蚁（termite）丘不用一台风扇也能保持凉爽。仿生学（biomimicry）就是借用这些无声妙招的科学，工程师如今模仿（mimic）着大自然在我们到来之前就已臻于完美的东西。 建筑师（architect）可以运用（employ）贝壳的弧线，把薄墙转化（convert）为坚固之墙，于是一座极佳的（superb）建筑便诞生于一个极其卑微的生灵。好的设计很少喧哗，它只是好用而已。 大自然的智慧（wisdom）是有耐心的：它从不匆忙，也不从难题前撤退（withdraw）。我们常常不情愿（reluctant）等待，然而只有那些细致观察的人，才能获得（attain）一个值得留存的设计。 Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 lotus /ˈləʊtəs/ n. 莲，荷花 ⚡考点：a lotus leaf 荷叶；the lotus effect 荷叶效应；lotus pond 荷塘 2 termite /ˈtɜːmaɪt/ n. 白蚁 ⚡考点：a termite mound 白蚁丘；termite colony 白蚁群落；termite-inspired 受白蚁启发的 3 biomimicry /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/ n. 仿生学，仿生设计 ⚡考点：the science of biomimicry 仿生学；biomimetic adj. 仿生的；bio- 生命 4 mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ v. 模仿，仿效；n. 善模仿者 ⚡考点：mimic nature 模仿自然；mimic sb.'s voice 模仿某人声音；mimicry n. 模仿 5 architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. 建筑师，设计师 ⚡考点：a famous architect 著名建筑师；the architect of …的缔造者；architecture n. 建筑 6 employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 运用，采用；雇用 ⚡考点：employ a method 采用方法；be employed to do 被用来做；employment n. 就业 7 convert /kənˈvɜːt/ v. 转化，改造，改变信仰 ⚡考点：convert A into B 把A变成B；be converted into 被改造成；conversion n. 转变 8 superb /suːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极好的，卓越的 ⚡考点：a superb building 极佳的建筑；superb quality 上乘品质；superbly adv. 极好地 9 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧，明智 ⚡考点：the wisdom of crowds 群体智慧；conventional wisdom 传统观念；wise adj. 明智的 10 withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤退，撤回，取（款）⚡考点：withdraw from 从…撤出；withdraw an application 撤回申请；withdrawal n. 撤回 11 reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ adj. 不情愿的，勉强的 ⚡考点：be reluctant to do 不愿做；a reluctant smile 勉强的微笑；reluctance n. 不情愿 12 attain /əˈteɪn/ v. 达到，获得，实现 ⚡考点：attain a goal 达成目标；attain a high level 达到高水平；attainment n. 成就 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. lotus /ˈləʊtəs/ n. 莲，荷花 【核心考点】 lotus是文化类与科普类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①莲，荷花——a lotus leaf（荷叶）、a lotus pond（荷塘）、lotus root（藕）；②科普语境中的专有搭配——the lotus effect（荷叶效应，指表面自洁现象），是仿生学最著名的案例之一。文化义：在中国文化中，lotus象征"出淤泥而不染"的高洁品格，写作中可用作意象。辨析：lotus（莲，含文化意象）vs water lily（睡莲）vs blossom（花朵，泛指）vs bloom（开花）。写作金句：Like a lotus that rises clean out of the mud, character is proved not by where one stands but by what one refuses to become（正如莲花洁净地升出淤泥，品格的证明不在于身处何地，而在于拒绝成为什么）。 【词根联想】 希腊语lotos（源自埃及语），本指尼罗河畔的水生植物→ 莲。联想：lotus在文学中还指希腊神话"食莲者"（lotus-eater），意为"贪图安逸的人"。记住：lotus = 泥中开出的洁净之花。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：lotus-eater为文学典故词，意为"沉溺享乐、不思进取的人"，出自《奥德赛》。阅读中若见此词，多为比喻义而非植物义。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A lotus leaf stays spotless in muddy water, and this self-cleaning surface is now copied in paints and fabrics."（荷叶在泥水中依旧洁净无瑕，这种自洁表面如今被复制到涂料和织物上。）（经典原句·lotus 莲） 【搭配词块】 a lotus leaf 荷叶 / the lotus effect 荷叶效应 / a lotus pond 荷塘 / lotus root 藕 2. termite /ˈtɜːmaɪt/ n. 白蚁 【核心考点】 termite是科普说明文的高频名词。用法要点：①白蚁——a termite mound（白蚁丘）、a termite colony（白蚁群落）；②仿生学经典案例——termite mounds keep a steady temperature without air conditioning（白蚁丘无需空调即可恒温），津巴布韦的Eastgate Centre即以此为原型设计。相关表达：termite-inspired design（受白蚁启发的设计）。辨析：termite（白蚁，社会性昆虫）vs ant（蚂蚁）vs bee（蜜蜂）vs colony（群落，集体名词）。写作金句：A termite is blind and tiny, yet together they build a tower that breathes—proof that cooperation can outdo cleverness（一只白蚁既盲且微，但它们合力筑起一座会呼吸的塔——足证协作可胜过聪明）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语termes"蛀木虫"（terere"磨损"）→ 啃木头的虫→ 白蚁。联想：ter"磨"→ termite（白蚁）、attrition（磨损）。记住：termite = 把木头磨没的小虫。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：termite在科技类阅读中常与mound（土丘）、ventilation（通风）、colony（群落）同现，构成"仿生建筑"话题词汇群，属高考科普阅读高频背景词。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A termite mound keeps cool without a single fan, and architects have copied its system of tunnels to cool whole office buildings."（白蚁丘不用一台风扇也能保持凉爽，建筑师已复制其隧道系统为整栋办公楼降温。）（经典原句·termite 白蚁） 【搭配词块】 a termite mound 白蚁丘 / a termite colony 白蚁群落 / termite-inspired 受白蚁启发的 / natural ventilation 自然通风 3. biomimicry /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/ n. 仿生学，仿生设计 【核心考点】 biomimicry是科技类说明文的核心话题名词（不可数）。用法要点：①仿生学，向自然学习的设计方法——the science of biomimicry（仿生学）、through biomimicry（通过仿生）；②常见句式——Biomimicry takes inspiration from nature（仿生学从自然汲取灵感）。同族词：biomimetic adj. 仿生的；mimic v. 模仿；mimicry n. 模仿（生物学中指"拟态"）。辨析：biomimicry（仿生学，学科）vs imitation（模仿，行为）vs copy（复制）vs adaptation（改编，适应）。写作金句：Biomimicry is a humble science, for it begins by admitting that nature has already solved the problem we are only now naming（仿生学是一门谦逊的科学，因为它始于承认：我们此刻才命名的问题，自然早已解决）。 【词根联想】 bio-"生命"（希腊语bios）+ mimesis"模仿"（希腊语mimeisthai）→ 模仿生命→ 仿生学。联想：bio"生命"→ biology（生物学）、biography（传记）、biodiversity（生物多样性）；mim"模仿"→ mimic（模仿）、mime（哑剧）。记住：bio + mimicry = 模仿生物。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mimicry在生物学中意为"拟态"（如竹节虫伪装成树枝），而在biomimicry中则指人类"向生物学习"，方向相反，阅读中需按语境判断。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Biomimicry is the science of borrowing such quiet tricks, and engineers now mimic what nature perfected long before we were here."（仿生学就是借用这些无声妙招的科学，工程师如今模仿着大自然在我们到来之前就已臻于完美的东西。）（经典原句·biomimicry 仿生学） 【搭配词块】 the science of biomimicry 仿生学 / through biomimicry 通过仿生 / biomimetic adj. 仿生的 / take inspiration from 从…汲取灵感 4. mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ v. 模仿，仿效；n. 善模仿者 【核心考点】 mimic是科普类与人物描写语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①模仿（动作、声音、外形）——mimic nature（模仿自然）、mimic sb.'s voice（模仿某人声音）；②（生物）拟态，酷似——The insect mimics a leaf（这种昆虫拟态成树叶）。注意拼写：mimic的过去式/过去分词为mimicked，现在分词为mimicking（加k），这是拼写题的高频陷阱。派生词：mimicry n. 模仿，拟态。辨析：mimic（模仿，常含滑稽或逼真意味）vs imitate（模仿，最通用）vs copy（照抄）vs simulate（模拟，用仪器/程序）。写作金句：To mimic nature is easy; to understand why nature chose that shape is the real education（模仿自然很容易，弄懂自然为何选择那个形状，才是真正的学习）。 【词根联想】 希腊语mimikos"模仿的"（mimos"模仿者，演员"）→ 模仿。联想：mim"模仿"→ mimic（模仿）、mime（哑剧演员）、mimicry（拟态）、pantomime（哑剧）。记住：mim = 学样。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mimic作形容词时意为"模拟的、假的"，如a mimic battle（模拟战）。另注意其拼写变化mimicked/mimicking须加k，避免误写为mimiced。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Engineers now mimic what nature perfected long before we were here, from shark skin to spider silk."（工程师如今模仿着自然在我们到来之前就已臻于完美的东西——从鲨鱼皮到蜘蛛丝。）（经典原句·mimic 模仿） 【搭配词块】 mimic nature 模仿自然 / mimic sb.'s voice 模仿某人声音 / mimicked/mimicking 拼写加k / mimicry n. 拟态 5. architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. 建筑师，设计师 【核心考点】 architect是文化类与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①建筑师——a famous architect（著名建筑师）、the architect who designed…（设计…的建筑师）；②（引申）缔造者，设计者——the architect of the reform（改革的设计师）、the architect of one's own fortune（自己命运的主宰）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：architecture n. 建筑（学），建筑风格→ traditional architecture（传统建筑）；architectural adj. 建筑上的→ architectural wonders（建筑奇观）。辨析：architect（建筑师，设计者）vs builder（施工者）vs engineer（工程师）vs designer（设计师，泛指）。写作金句：Every one of us is the architect of the habits we live in, though few of us ever read the plans（我们每个人都是自己所居习惯的建筑师，只是很少有人读过那份图纸）。 【词根联想】 希腊语arkhitekton"总工匠"（arkhi-"首要的"+tekton"工匠"）→ 首席工匠→ 建筑师。联想：archi"首要"→ architect（建筑师）、archive（档案）、monarch（君主）；tect/techn"技艺"→ technique（技术）、technology（科技）。记住：archi + tect = 头号工匠。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：architect可引申为"（某事的）缔造者、策划者"，如the chief architect of the plan（该计划的主要设计者）。此义在人物与时政类阅读中高频。 【真题原句】 （2023全国乙卷·语法填空真题）"Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings."（北京是一座连接古今的城市，二十一世纪的建筑奇观与历史建筑比肩而立。）（真题原句·architectural 建筑上的；为 architect 的形容词派生形式） 【搭配词块】 a famous architect 著名建筑师 / the architect of …的缔造者 / architecture n. 建筑 / architectural wonders 建筑奇观 6. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 运用，采用；雇用 【核心考点】 employ是说明文与议论文语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①运用，采用（方法、手段、技巧）——employ a method（采用方法）、be employed to do（被用来做）——这是高考阅读的高频"熟词生义"考点；②雇用——employ 200 workers（雇用200名工人）、be employed by（受雇于）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：employment n. 就业，雇用→ full employment（充分就业）；employer n. 雇主；employee n. 雇员；unemployment n. 失业。辨析：employ（运用/雇用，正式）vs use（使用，最通用）vs apply（应用，后接to）vs hire（雇用，多为短期）。写作金句：What matters is not how many methods we employ, but whether we understand the one we finally choose（重要的不是我们运用了多少方法，而是我们最终选定的那一个是否真正被理解）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语implicare"卷入，使参与"（in-"进入"+plicare"折叠"）→ 使投入其中→ 使用/雇用。联想：ply/plic"折叠"→ employ（运用）、apply（应用）、imply（暗示）、complicated（复杂的）。记住：em + ploy = 使投入使用。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：employ最重要的熟词生义为"运用、采用（方法/手段）"，而非"雇用"，如employ a new technique（采用新技术）。高考阅读中该义项出现频率远高于"雇用"义，必须掌握。 【真题原句】 （2023全国甲卷·阅读真题）"Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths."（卡森证明，一种世代相传的简单文学形式，今天仍可被用来唤起人们对重要真理的关注。）（真题原句·employ 运用、采用） 【搭配词块】 employ a method 采用方法 / be employed to do 被用来做 / employment n. 就业 / employer n. 雇主 7. convert /kənˈvɜːt/ v. 转化，改造，改变信仰 【核心考点】 convert是科技类与说明文语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①转化，改造（后接into）——convert A into B（把A转化为B）、be converted into（被改造成）——The old factory was converted into a museum；②改变信仰/观点——convert to Buddhism（皈依佛教）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：conversion n. 转变，改造→ the conversion of（…的改造）；converter n. 转换器；convertible adj. 可转换的。辨析：convert（转化，形式/用途改变）vs change（改变，最通用）vs transform（彻底改变，程度更深）vs turn into（变成，口语）。写作金句：Nature does not throw anything away; it simply converts one thing into the beginning of another（自然从不丢弃任何东西，它只是把一物转化为另一物的开端）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语convertere"完全转向"（con-"完全"+vertere"转"）→ 转变。联想：vert"转"→ convert（转化）、reverse（反转）、advertise（广告→ 使注意转向）、versatile（多才多艺的）。记住：con + vert = 彻底转过来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：convert作名词时意为"皈依者、改变信仰的人"，读音重音前移为/ˈkɒnvɜːt/，如a recent convert to vegetarianism（新近改吃素的人）。名动重音差异为语音题考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"An architect may employ the curve of a shell to convert thin walls into strong ones."（建筑师可以运用贝壳的弧线，把薄墙转化为坚固之墙。）（经典原句·convert 转化） 【搭配词块】 convert A into B 把A变成B / be converted into 被改造成 / conversion n. 转变 / convert to 皈依 8. superb /suːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极好的，卓越的 【核心考点】 superb是描写类与评论类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①极好的，卓越的（程度强于good/great）——a superb building（极佳的建筑）、superb quality（上乘品质）、a superb performance（精彩的表演）；②宏伟的，壮丽的——a superb view（壮丽的景色）。派生词：superbly adv. 极好地→ superbly designed（设计精妙的）。辨析：superb（极好的，含赞叹）vs excellent（优秀的）vs outstanding（突出的）vs magnificent（宏伟的，多指景物）。写作金句：A superb design is one you stop noticing, because it has quietly become part of how you live（极佳的设计是你不再留意的设计，因为它已悄悄成为你生活的一部分）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语superbus"高傲的，卓越的"（super"在上"）→ 高人一等→ 极好的。联想：super"上"→ superb（极好的）、superior（更优的）、supreme（至上的）、supervise（监督→ 从上看）。记住：super = 在上，superb = 高出一等。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：superb在拉丁语源中带"高傲"色彩，现代英语已完全褒义化，仅表"极好"。作表语或定语均可，但不与very连用（本身已是极端义）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A superb building is born from a very humble creature, and good design seldom shouts; it simply works."（一座极佳的建筑诞生于一个极其卑微的生灵；好的设计很少喧哗，它只是好用而已。）（经典原句·superb 极好的） 【搭配词块】 a superb building 极佳的建筑 / superb quality 上乘品质 / a superb view 壮丽的景色 / superbly adv. 极好地 9. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧，明智 【核心考点】 wisdom是议论文与说明文语篇的高频名词（不可数）。用法要点：①智慧，明智——the wisdom of nature（自然的智慧）、words of wisdom（至理名言）；②高频固定搭配——the wisdom of crowds（群体智慧）、conventional wisdom（传统观念，常用于被推翻的语境）；③question the wisdom of doing sth.（质疑做某事是否明智）。派生词：wise adj. 明智的；wisely adv. 明智地。辨析：wisdom（智慧，含阅历与判断）vs knowledge（知识，信息积累）vs intelligence（智力，认知能力）vs cleverness（聪明，反应快）。写作金句：Knowledge tells us that a tomato is a fruit; wisdom keeps us from putting it in a fruit salad（知识告诉我们番茄是水果，智慧让我们别把它放进水果沙拉）。 【词根联想】 古英语wisdom（wis"聪明的"+-dom"状态"）→ 聪明的状态→ 智慧。联想：-dom"领域/状态"→ wisdom（智慧）、freedom（自由）、kingdom（王国）、boredom（无聊）。记住：wise + dom = 明智之境。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conventional wisdom意为"传统看法、世俗观念"，在议论文中常作被质疑的对象，如Conventional wisdom says…, but new research shows…（传统观念认为……但新研究表明……）。此为阅读态度题标志句式。 【真题原句】 （2023新高考I卷·阅读真题）"On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the 'wisdom of crowds' effect."（1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿发表了一篇论文，阐明了后来被称为"群体智慧"效应的现象。）（真题原句·wisdom 智慧） 【搭配词块】 the wisdom of crowds 群体智慧 / conventional wisdom 传统观念 / words of wisdom 至理名言 / wise adj. 明智的 10. withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤退，撤回，取（款） 【核心考点】 withdraw是说明文与记叙文语篇的高频动词（不规则变化：withdraw-withdrew-withdrawn）。用法要点：①撤退，退出——withdraw from a competition（退出比赛）、withdraw from the room（退出房间）；②撤回，收回——withdraw an application（撤回申请）、withdraw a remark（收回言论）；③取（款）——withdraw money from the bank（从银行取钱）；④（性格）变得孤僻——withdraw into oneself（变得孤僻内向）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：withdrawal n. 撤回，取款；withdrawn adj. 孤僻的。辨析：withdraw（撤回/撤退，正式）vs retreat（撤退，军事）vs quit（放弃，口语）vs cancel（取消）。写作金句：To withdraw from a difficulty is not always defeat; sometimes it is the wisdom of choosing a better road（从困难中撤出未必是失败，有时那正是择更佳之路的智慧）。 【词根联想】 with-"向后，离开"（古英语withan"反对"）+ draw"拉"→ 往回拉→ 撤回。联想：draw"拉"→ withdraw（撤回）、drawer（抽屉→ 拉出来的）、drawback（缺点→ 往回拉的东西）。记住：with + draw = 拉回来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：withdrawn作形容词意为"孤僻的、内向的"，如a withdrawn child（孤僻的孩子）；withdrawal还可指"（药物）戒断反应"。这两个义项在人物描写与科普阅读中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The wisdom of nature is patient: it never hurries and does not withdraw from a difficult problem."（大自然的智慧是有耐心的：它从不匆忙，也不从难题前撤退。）（经典原句·withdraw 撤退） 【搭配词块】 withdraw from 从…撤出 / withdraw an application 撤回申请 / withdraw money 取钱 / withdrawal n. 撤回 11. reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ adj. 不情愿的，勉强的 【核心考点】 reluctant是记叙文与议论文语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①不情愿的（后接to do）——be reluctant to do sth.（不愿做某事）、be reluctant to admit（不愿承认）；②勉强的（作定语）——a reluctant smile（勉强的微笑）、a reluctant agreement（勉强的同意）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：reluctance n. 不情愿→ with reluctance（勉强地）、show reluctance to do；reluctantly adv. 不情愿地。辨析：reluctant（不情愿的，内心抵触）vs unwilling（不愿意的，态度更明确）vs hesitant（犹豫的，尚未决定）vs opposed to（反对的）。写作金句：We are reluctant to wait, and that impatience costs us most of what patience would have given（我们不情愿等待，而这份急躁使我们失去了耐心本会给予的大部分东西）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语reluctari"挣扎抵抗"（re-"反"+luctari"角力"）→ 心里较劲→ 不情愿。联想：luct"角力"→ reluctant（不情愿的）、reluctance（不情愿）。记住：re + luct = 反着较劲→ 不乐意。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reluctant作定语时可译为"勉强的、不得已的"，如a reluctant hero（不情愿当英雄的人）。此用法在人物描写中常带反差意味，注意与"不愿意"的表语用法区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We are often reluctant to wait, yet only those who watch closely will attain a design worth keeping."（我们常常不情愿等待，然而只有那些细致观察的人，才能获得一个值得留存的设计。）（经典原句·reluctant 不情愿的） 【搭配词块】 be reluctant to do 不愿做 / a reluctant smile 勉强的微笑 / with reluctance 勉强地 / reluctantly adv. 不情愿地 12. attain /əˈteɪn/ v. 达到，获得，实现 【核心考点】 attain是议论文与说明文语篇的高频动词（较正式）。用法要点：①达到（水平、标准、年龄）——attain a high level（达到高水平）、attain the age of 18（年满18岁）；②获得，实现（目标）——attain a goal（达成目标）、attain success（取得成功）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：attainment n. 成就，达到→ educational attainment（学业成就）；attainable adj. 可达到的→ an attainable goal（可实现的目标）。辨析：attain（达到，经努力，正式）vs achieve（实现，最通用）vs reach（到达，中性）vs obtain（获得，指物）。写作金句：A goal that can be attained without changing who we are was probably never worth setting（一个无需改变自我就能达成的目标，恐怕本就不值得设定）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语attingere"触及"（ad-"向"+tangere"触碰"）→ 触到→ 达到。联想：tain/tang"触/持"→ attain（达到）、contact（接触）、tangible（可触知的）、contain（容纳）。记住：at + tain = 伸手够到。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attain在正式语体中可表"（年龄、状态）达到"，如on attaining the age of 21（年满21岁时）。此用法多见于法律与说明性文本，注意其后直接接名词而非to。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Only those who watch closely will attain a design worth keeping."（只有那些细致观察的人，才能获得一个值得留存的设计。）（经典原句·attain 获得） 【搭配词块】 attain a goal 达成目标 / attain a high level 达到高水平 / attainment n. 成就 / attainable adj. 可达到的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 lotus lotus-like (adj.) --- --- a lotus leaf / the lotus effect termite termite mound (n.) --- --- a termite mound / a termite colony biomimicry biomimetic (adj.) biomimic (v.) --- the science of biomimicry / through biomimicry mimic mimicry (n.) mimicked (v.过去式) mimicking (v.现在分词) mimic nature / mimic sb.'s voice architect architecture (n.) architectural (adj.) --- a famous architect / architectural wonders employ employment (n.) employer (n.) employee (n.) employ a method / be employed to do convert conversion (n.) converter (n.) convertible (adj.) convert A into B / be converted into superb superbly (adv.) --- --- a superb building / superb quality wisdom wise (adj.) wisely (adv.) --- the wisdom of crowds / conventional wisdom withdraw withdrawal (n.) withdrawn (adj.) withdrew (v.过去式) withdraw from / withdraw an application reluctant reluctance (n.) reluctantly (adv.) --- be reluctant to do / with reluctance attain attainment (n.) attainable (adj.) --- attain a goal / attain a high level Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2023全国乙卷·语法填空·改编）Beijing has many 21st-century ____________ (architect) wonders standing beside historical buildings. 2.（2023全国甲卷·阅读·改编）A simple literary form can still be ____________ (employment) today to draw attention to important truths. 3.（2023新高考I卷·阅读·改编）The paper illustrated what is now known as the "____________ (wise) of crowds" effect. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）A ____________ (lotuses) leaf never gets dirty even in the muddiest pond. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）____________ (termites) mounds stay cool without any electric fan at all. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）____________ (mimic) has inspired a great many modern building designs. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）Engineers now ____________ (biomimicry) the structure of a shell in their designs. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The old cotton factory was ____________ (conversion) into an art museum last year. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The view from the top of the hill that morning was absolutely ____________ (superbly). 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）He decided to ____________ (withdrawal) his application at the very last minute. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）She seemed ____________ (reluctance) to talk about what had happened that night. 12.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Few people ____________ (attainment) such a high level of skill in only two years. 13.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The ____________ (architecture) who designed the new library won an international prize. 14.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The company ____________ (employment) more than two thousand workers at present. 15.（2026河南郑州·模拟）Her ____________ (reluctant) to speak at the meeting surprised everyone in the room. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 ____________（莲）叶在泥水中洁净如初，____________（白蚁）丘无风扇亦清凉。____________（仿生学）便是借用这些妙招的科学，工程师如今____________（模仿）自然早已完善之物。 ____________（建筑师）可____________（运用）贝壳弧线，把薄墙____________（转化）为坚墙，于是____________（极好的）建筑生于卑微生灵。自然的____________（智慧）有耐心，从不从难题前____________（撤退）；我们常____________（不情愿的）等待，唯细察者方能____________（获得）值得留存的设计。 Part 7 关联阅读 The lotus has puzzled scientists for centuries. Its leaf rises out of thick mud yet stays perfectly clean, because tiny bumps on the surface let water roll off and carry the dirt away. Not far from such a pond, a termite mound may hold a steady temperature all day long, though the desert outside swings from freezing night to burning noon. Biomimicry is the young science that studies these quiet solutions, and researchers now mimic them in paints, fabrics and cooling systems. Nature, after all, has been testing designs for millions of years, and it never publishes a product that does not work. Its ideas are judged by survival itself, and every failure is quietly removed from the record long before we admire the winners. In Zimbabwe, an architect looked at those termite mounds and asked a simple question: why should a building need so much air conditioning? He decided to employ the same system of tunnels and vents, allowing cool night air to enter and warm air to escape. The finished shopping centre uses a small fraction of the energy that a similar building would demand, and its owners were able to convert that saving into lower rents. Visitors call it a superb piece of work, yet the real designer was an insect that has never seen a drawing. The centre has now stood for nearly thirty years, and engineers from many countries still travel there simply to study how the whole structure breathes. The wisdom of this approach lies in patience rather than cleverness. Nature does not withdraw from a problem when the first attempt fails; it simply tries again across countless generations until something fits. Human designers are often reluctant to work that slowly, since deadlines reward speed and punish doubt. But those who are willing to watch, measure and wait usually attain results that last far longer. The lesson is not that we should copy every leaf and shell, but that we should learn how nature asks its questions. Perhaps the greatest gift of this young science is not a new material, but a new kind of humility toward the world outside our windows. 1. Why does a lotus leaf stay clean in muddy water? A. Tiny bumps let water roll off and carry the dirt away. B. Its surface is regularly washed by heavy rain. C. The mud around it contains no dust at all. D. It grows far above the surface of the pond. 2. What did the architect in Zimbabwe learn from termite mounds? A. How to build with cheaper local materials. B. How to attract more visitors to a shopping centre. C. How to cool a building with tunnels and vents. D. How to raise the rents of a large building. 3. Why are human designers often reluctant to work like nature? A. They believe nature's designs are too simple. B. Deadlines reward speed and punish doubt. C. They are not allowed to copy living things. D. Slow work is always more expensive. 4. What is the main lesson of the passage? A. Every leaf and shell should be copied exactly. B. Insects are better engineers than human beings. C. Air conditioning should be banned in hot countries. D. We should learn how nature asks and answers its questions. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：lotus, termite, biomimicry, mimic, architect, employ, convert, superb, wisdom, withdraw, reluctant, attain Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The water flower opens early every summer morning in the pond. → The ____________ opens early every summer morning in the pond. 2. Those small white insects built a tall mound of earth in the field. → Those ____________s built a tall mound of earth in the field. 3. Learning design ideas from living things has changed modern building. → ____________ has changed modern building. 4. The new material copies the structure of a spider's silk. → The new material ____________s the structure of a spider's silk. 5. The person who designed the museum studied in Paris for six years. → The ____________ of the museum studied in Paris for six years. 6. Scientists used a very simple method to solve the difficult problem. → Scientists ____________ed a very simple method to solve the difficult problem. 7. The old warehouse was changed into a public library last spring. → The old warehouse was ____________ed into a public library last spring. 8. The food served at the small country hotel was really excellent. → The food served at the small country hotel was ____________. 9. The old farmer's good sense saved the whole village that winter. → The old farmer's ____________ saved the whole village that winter. 10. He decided to pull out of the competition because of his injury. → He decided to ____________ from the competition because of his injury. 11. She was unwilling to accept any help from her former classmates. → She was ____________ to accept any help from her former classmates. 12. After years of practice he finally reached the highest level. → After years of practice he finally ____________ed the highest level. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：lotus → termite → biomimicry → mimic → architect → employ → convert → superb → wisdom → withdraw → reluctant → attain 复述模板（填空）： ____________（莲）叶泥中不染，____________（白蚁）丘无扇自凉；____________（仿生学）借此妙招，工程师____________（模仿）自然。 ____________（建筑师）____________（运用）贝壳弧线，将薄墙____________（转化）为坚墙，成就____________（极好的）建筑。自然的____________（智慧）在于耐心，从不____________（撤退）；人常____________（不情愿的）慢等，唯细察者能____________（获得）久存之设计。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：lotus / termite / biomimicry / mimic / architect / employ / convert / superb / wisdom / withdraw / reluctant / attain （知识点来源：选修三 Unit 5 · Learning from nature + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 A lotus leaf stays spotless in muddy water, and a termite mound keeps cool without a single fan. Biomimicry is the science of borrowing such quiet tricks, and engineers now mimic what nature perfected long before we were here. An architect may employ the curve of a shell to convert thin walls into strong ones, so that a superb building is born from a very humble creature. Good design seldom shouts; it simply works. The wisdom of nature is patient: it never hurries and does not withdraw from a difficult problem. We are often reluctant to wait, yet only those who watch closely will attain a design worth keeping. 【中文译文】 莲（lotus）叶在泥水中依旧洁净无瑕，白蚁（termite）丘不用一台风扇也能保持凉爽。仿生学（biomimicry）就是借用这些无声妙招的科学，工程师如今模仿（mimic）着大自然在我们到来之前就已臻于完美的东西。 建筑师（architect）可以运用（employ）贝壳的弧线，把薄墙转化（convert）为坚固之墙，于是一座极佳的（superb）建筑便诞生于一个极其卑微的生灵。好的设计很少喧哗，它只是好用而已。 大自然的智慧（wisdom）是有耐心的：它从不匆忙，也不从难题前撤退（withdraw）。我们常常不情愿（reluctant）等待，然而只有那些细致观察的人，才能获得（attain）一个值得留存的设计。 Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 lotus /ˈləʊtəs/ n. 莲，荷花 ⚡考点：a lotus leaf 荷叶；the lotus effect 荷叶效应；lotus pond 荷塘 2 termite /ˈtɜːmaɪt/ n. 白蚁 ⚡考点：a termite mound 白蚁丘；termite colony 白蚁群落；termite-inspired 受白蚁启发的 3 biomimicry /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/ n. 仿生学，仿生设计 ⚡考点：the science of biomimicry 仿生学；biomimetic adj. 仿生的；bio- 生命 4 mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ v. 模仿，仿效；n. 善模仿者 ⚡考点：mimic nature 模仿自然；mimic sb.'s voice 模仿某人声音；mimicry n. 模仿 5 architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. 建筑师，设计师 ⚡考点：a famous architect 著名建筑师；the architect of …的缔造者；architecture n. 建筑 6 employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 运用，采用；雇用 ⚡考点：employ a method 采用方法；be employed to do 被用来做；employment n. 就业 7 convert /kənˈvɜːt/ v. 转化，改造，改变信仰 ⚡考点：convert A into B 把A变成B；be converted into 被改造成；conversion n. 转变 8 superb /suːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极好的，卓越的 ⚡考点：a superb building 极佳的建筑；superb quality 上乘品质；superbly adv. 极好地 9 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧，明智 ⚡考点：the wisdom of crowds 群体智慧；conventional wisdom 传统观念；wise adj. 明智的 10 withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤退，撤回，取（款）⚡考点：withdraw from 从…撤出；withdraw an application 撤回申请；withdrawal n. 撤回 11 reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ adj. 不情愿的，勉强的 ⚡考点：be reluctant to do 不愿做；a reluctant smile 勉强的微笑；reluctance n. 不情愿 12 attain /əˈteɪn/ v. 达到，获得，实现 ⚡考点：attain a goal 达成目标；attain a high level 达到高水平；attainment n. 成就 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. lotus /ˈləʊtəs/ n. 莲，荷花 【核心考点】 lotus是文化类与科普类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①莲，荷花——a lotus leaf（荷叶）、a lotus pond（荷塘）、lotus root（藕）；②科普语境中的专有搭配——the lotus effect（荷叶效应，指表面自洁现象），是仿生学最著名的案例之一。文化义：在中国文化中，lotus象征"出淤泥而不染"的高洁品格，写作中可用作意象。辨析：lotus（莲，含文化意象）vs water lily（睡莲）vs blossom（花朵，泛指）vs bloom（开花）。写作金句：Like a lotus that rises clean out of the mud, character is proved not by where one stands but by what one refuses to become（正如莲花洁净地升出淤泥，品格的证明不在于身处何地，而在于拒绝成为什么）。 【词根联想】 希腊语lotos（源自埃及语），本指尼罗河畔的水生植物→ 莲。联想：lotus在文学中还指希腊神话"食莲者"（lotus-eater），意为"贪图安逸的人"。记住：lotus = 泥中开出的洁净之花。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：lotus-eater为文学典故词，意为"沉溺享乐、不思进取的人"，出自《奥德赛》。阅读中若见此词，多为比喻义而非植物义。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A lotus leaf stays spotless in muddy water, and this self-cleaning surface is now copied in paints and fabrics."（荷叶在泥水中依旧洁净无瑕，这种自洁表面如今被复制到涂料和织物上。）（经典原句·lotus 莲） 【搭配词块】 a lotus leaf 荷叶 / the lotus effect 荷叶效应 / a lotus pond 荷塘 / lotus root 藕 2. termite /ˈtɜːmaɪt/ n. 白蚁 【核心考点】 termite是科普说明文的高频名词。用法要点：①白蚁——a termite mound（白蚁丘）、a termite colony（白蚁群落）；②仿生学经典案例——termite mounds keep a steady temperature without air conditioning（白蚁丘无需空调即可恒温），津巴布韦的Eastgate Centre即以此为原型设计。相关表达：termite-inspired design（受白蚁启发的设计）。辨析：termite（白蚁，社会性昆虫）vs ant（蚂蚁）vs bee（蜜蜂）vs colony（群落，集体名词）。写作金句：A termite is blind and tiny, yet together they build a tower that breathes—proof that cooperation can outdo cleverness（一只白蚁既盲且微，但它们合力筑起一座会呼吸的塔——足证协作可胜过聪明）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语termes"蛀木虫"（terere"磨损"）→ 啃木头的虫→ 白蚁。联想：ter"磨"→ termite（白蚁）、attrition（磨损）。记住：termite = 把木头磨没的小虫。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：termite在科技类阅读中常与mound（土丘）、ventilation（通风）、colony（群落）同现，构成"仿生建筑"话题词汇群，属高考科普阅读高频背景词。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A termite mound keeps cool without a single fan, and architects have copied its system of tunnels to cool whole office buildings."（白蚁丘不用一台风扇也能保持凉爽，建筑师已复制其隧道系统为整栋办公楼降温。）（经典原句·termite 白蚁） 【搭配词块】 a termite mound 白蚁丘 / a termite colony 白蚁群落 / termite-inspired 受白蚁启发的 / natural ventilation 自然通风 3. biomimicry /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/ n. 仿生学，仿生设计 【核心考点】 biomimicry是科技类说明文的核心话题名词（不可数）。用法要点：①仿生学，向自然学习的设计方法——the science of biomimicry（仿生学）、through biomimicry（通过仿生）；②常见句式——Biomimicry takes inspiration from nature（仿生学从自然汲取灵感）。同族词：biomimetic adj. 仿生的；mimic v. 模仿；mimicry n. 模仿（生物学中指"拟态"）。辨析：biomimicry（仿生学，学科）vs imitation（模仿，行为）vs copy（复制）vs adaptation（改编，适应）。写作金句：Biomimicry is a humble science, for it begins by admitting that nature has already solved the problem we are only now naming（仿生学是一门谦逊的科学，因为它始于承认：我们此刻才命名的问题，自然早已解决）。 【词根联想】 bio-"生命"（希腊语bios）+ mimesis"模仿"（希腊语mimeisthai）→ 模仿生命→ 仿生学。联想：bio"生命"→ biology（生物学）、biography（传记）、biodiversity（生物多样性）；mim"模仿"→ mimic（模仿）、mime（哑剧）。记住：bio + mimicry = 模仿生物。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mimicry在生物学中意为"拟态"（如竹节虫伪装成树枝），而在biomimicry中则指人类"向生物学习"，方向相反，阅读中需按语境判断。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Biomimicry is the science of borrowing such quiet tricks, and engineers now mimic what nature perfected long before we were here."（仿生学就是借用这些无声妙招的科学，工程师如今模仿着大自然在我们到来之前就已臻于完美的东西。）（经典原句·biomimicry 仿生学） 【搭配词块】 the science of biomimicry 仿生学 / through biomimicry 通过仿生 / biomimetic adj. 仿生的 / take inspiration from 从…汲取灵感 4. mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ v. 模仿，仿效；n. 善模仿者 【核心考点】 mimic是科普类与人物描写语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①模仿（动作、声音、外形）——mimic nature（模仿自然）、mimic sb.'s voice（模仿某人声音）；②（生物）拟态，酷似——The insect mimics a leaf（这种昆虫拟态成树叶）。注意拼写：mimic的过去式/过去分词为mimicked，现在分词为mimicking（加k），这是拼写题的高频陷阱。派生词：mimicry n. 模仿，拟态。辨析：mimic（模仿，常含滑稽或逼真意味）vs imitate（模仿，最通用）vs copy（照抄）vs simulate（模拟，用仪器/程序）。写作金句：To mimic nature is easy; to understand why nature chose that shape is the real education（模仿自然很容易，弄懂自然为何选择那个形状，才是真正的学习）。 【词根联想】 希腊语mimikos"模仿的"（mimos"模仿者，演员"）→ 模仿。联想：mim"模仿"→ mimic（模仿）、mime（哑剧演员）、mimicry（拟态）、pantomime（哑剧）。记住：mim = 学样。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mimic作形容词时意为"模拟的、假的"，如a mimic battle（模拟战）。另注意其拼写变化mimicked/mimicking须加k，避免误写为mimiced。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Engineers now mimic what nature perfected long before we were here, from shark skin to spider silk."（工程师如今模仿着自然在我们到来之前就已臻于完美的东西——从鲨鱼皮到蜘蛛丝。）（经典原句·mimic 模仿） 【搭配词块】 mimic nature 模仿自然 / mimic sb.'s voice 模仿某人声音 / mimicked/mimicking 拼写加k / mimicry n. 拟态 5. architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. 建筑师，设计师 【核心考点】 architect是文化类与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①建筑师——a famous architect（著名建筑师）、the architect who designed…（设计…的建筑师）；②（引申）缔造者，设计者——the architect of the reform（改革的设计师）、the architect of one's own fortune（自己命运的主宰）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：architecture n. 建筑（学），建筑风格→ traditional architecture（传统建筑）；architectural adj. 建筑上的→ architectural wonders（建筑奇观）。辨析：architect（建筑师，设计者）vs builder（施工者）vs engineer（工程师）vs designer（设计师，泛指）。写作金句：Every one of us is the architect of the habits we live in, though few of us ever read the plans（我们每个人都是自己所居习惯的建筑师，只是很少有人读过那份图纸）。 【词根联想】 希腊语arkhitekton"总工匠"（arkhi-"首要的"+tekton"工匠"）→ 首席工匠→ 建筑师。联想：archi"首要"→ architect（建筑师）、archive（档案）、monarch（君主）；tect/techn"技艺"→ technique（技术）、technology（科技）。记住：archi + tect = 头号工匠。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：architect可引申为"（某事的）缔造者、策划者"，如the chief architect of the plan（该计划的主要设计者）。此义在人物与时政类阅读中高频。 【真题原句】 （2023全国乙卷·语法填空真题）"Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings."（北京是一座连接古今的城市，二十一世纪的建筑奇观与历史建筑比肩而立。）（真题原句·architectural 建筑上的；为 architect 的形容词派生形式） 【搭配词块】 a famous architect 著名建筑师 / the architect of …的缔造者 / architecture n. 建筑 / architectural wonders 建筑奇观 6. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 运用，采用；雇用 【核心考点】 employ是说明文与议论文语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①运用，采用（方法、手段、技巧）——employ a method（采用方法）、be employed to do（被用来做）——这是高考阅读的高频"熟词生义"考点；②雇用——employ 200 workers（雇用200名工人）、be employed by（受雇于）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：employment n. 就业，雇用→ full employment（充分就业）；employer n. 雇主；employee n. 雇员；unemployment n. 失业。辨析：employ（运用/雇用，正式）vs use（使用，最通用）vs apply（应用，后接to）vs hire（雇用，多为短期）。写作金句：What matters is not how many methods we employ, but whether we understand the one we finally choose（重要的不是我们运用了多少方法，而是我们最终选定的那一个是否真正被理解）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语implicare"卷入，使参与"（in-"进入"+plicare"折叠"）→ 使投入其中→ 使用/雇用。联想：ply/plic"折叠"→ employ（运用）、apply（应用）、imply（暗示）、complicated（复杂的）。记住：em + ploy = 使投入使用。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：employ最重要的熟词生义为"运用、采用（方法/手段）"，而非"雇用"，如employ a new technique（采用新技术）。高考阅读中该义项出现频率远高于"雇用"义，必须掌握。 【真题原句】 （2023全国甲卷·阅读真题）"Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths."（卡森证明，一种世代相传的简单文学形式，今天仍可被用来唤起人们对重要真理的关注。）（真题原句·employ 运用、采用） 【搭配词块】 employ a method 采用方法 / be employed to do 被用来做 / employment n. 就业 / employer n. 雇主 7. convert /kənˈvɜːt/ v. 转化，改造，改变信仰 【核心考点】 convert是科技类与说明文语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①转化，改造（后接into）——convert A into B（把A转化为B）、be converted into（被改造成）——The old factory was converted into a museum；②改变信仰/观点——convert to Buddhism（皈依佛教）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：conversion n. 转变，改造→ the conversion of（…的改造）；converter n. 转换器；convertible adj. 可转换的。辨析：convert（转化，形式/用途改变）vs change（改变，最通用）vs transform（彻底改变，程度更深）vs turn into（变成，口语）。写作金句：Nature does not throw anything away; it simply converts one thing into the beginning of another（自然从不丢弃任何东西，它只是把一物转化为另一物的开端）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语convertere"完全转向"（con-"完全"+vertere"转"）→ 转变。联想：vert"转"→ convert（转化）、reverse（反转）、advertise（广告→ 使注意转向）、versatile（多才多艺的）。记住：con + vert = 彻底转过来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：convert作名词时意为"皈依者、改变信仰的人"，读音重音前移为/ˈkɒnvɜːt/，如a recent convert to vegetarianism（新近改吃素的人）。名动重音差异为语音题考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"An architect may employ the curve of a shell to convert thin walls into strong ones."（建筑师可以运用贝壳的弧线，把薄墙转化为坚固之墙。）（经典原句·convert 转化） 【搭配词块】 convert A into B 把A变成B / be converted into 被改造成 / conversion n. 转变 / convert to 皈依 8. superb /suːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极好的，卓越的 【核心考点】 superb是描写类与评论类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①极好的，卓越的（程度强于good/great）——a superb building（极佳的建筑）、superb quality（上乘品质）、a superb performance（精彩的表演）；②宏伟的，壮丽的——a superb view（壮丽的景色）。派生词：superbly adv. 极好地→ superbly designed（设计精妙的）。辨析：superb（极好的，含赞叹）vs excellent（优秀的）vs outstanding（突出的）vs magnificent（宏伟的，多指景物）。写作金句：A superb design is one you stop noticing, because it has quietly become part of how you live（极佳的设计是你不再留意的设计，因为它已悄悄成为你生活的一部分）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语superbus"高傲的，卓越的"（super"在上"）→ 高人一等→ 极好的。联想：super"上"→ superb（极好的）、superior（更优的）、supreme（至上的）、supervise（监督→ 从上看）。记住：super = 在上，superb = 高出一等。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：superb在拉丁语源中带"高傲"色彩，现代英语已完全褒义化，仅表"极好"。作表语或定语均可，但不与very连用（本身已是极端义）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A superb building is born from a very humble creature, and good design seldom shouts; it simply works."（一座极佳的建筑诞生于一个极其卑微的生灵；好的设计很少喧哗，它只是好用而已。）（经典原句·superb 极好的） 【搭配词块】 a superb building 极佳的建筑 / superb quality 上乘品质 / a superb view 壮丽的景色 / superbly adv. 极好地 9. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧，明智 【核心考点】 wisdom是议论文与说明文语篇的高频名词（不可数）。用法要点：①智慧，明智——the wisdom of nature（自然的智慧）、words of wisdom（至理名言）；②高频固定搭配——the wisdom of crowds（群体智慧）、conventional wisdom（传统观念，常用于被推翻的语境）；③question the wisdom of doing sth.（质疑做某事是否明智）。派生词：wise adj. 明智的；wisely adv. 明智地。辨析：wisdom（智慧，含阅历与判断）vs knowledge（知识，信息积累）vs intelligence（智力，认知能力）vs cleverness（聪明，反应快）。写作金句：Knowledge tells us that a tomato is a fruit; wisdom keeps us from putting it in a fruit salad（知识告诉我们番茄是水果，智慧让我们别把它放进水果沙拉）。 【词根联想】 古英语wisdom（wis"聪明的"+-dom"状态"）→ 聪明的状态→ 智慧。联想：-dom"领域/状态"→ wisdom（智慧）、freedom（自由）、kingdom（王国）、boredom（无聊）。记住：wise + dom = 明智之境。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conventional wisdom意为"传统看法、世俗观念"，在议论文中常作被质疑的对象，如Conventional wisdom says…, but new research shows…（传统观念认为……但新研究表明……）。此为阅读态度题标志句式。 【真题原句】 （2023新高考I卷·阅读真题）"On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the 'wisdom of crowds' effect."（1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿发表了一篇论文，阐明了后来被称为"群体智慧"效应的现象。）（真题原句·wisdom 智慧） 【搭配词块】 the wisdom of crowds 群体智慧 / conventional wisdom 传统观念 / words of wisdom 至理名言 / wise adj. 明智的 10. withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤退，撤回，取（款） 【核心考点】 withdraw是说明文与记叙文语篇的高频动词（不规则变化：withdraw-withdrew-withdrawn）。用法要点：①撤退，退出——withdraw from a competition（退出比赛）、withdraw from the room（退出房间）；②撤回，收回——withdraw an application（撤回申请）、withdraw a remark（收回言论）；③取（款）——withdraw money from the bank（从银行取钱）；④（性格）变得孤僻——withdraw into oneself（变得孤僻内向）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：withdrawal n. 撤回，取款；withdrawn adj. 孤僻的。辨析：withdraw（撤回/撤退，正式）vs retreat（撤退，军事）vs quit（放弃，口语）vs cancel（取消）。写作金句：To withdraw from a difficulty is not always defeat; sometimes it is the wisdom of choosing a better road（从困难中撤出未必是失败，有时那正是择更佳之路的智慧）。 【词根联想】 with-"向后，离开"（古英语withan"反对"）+ draw"拉"→ 往回拉→ 撤回。联想：draw"拉"→ withdraw（撤回）、drawer（抽屉→ 拉出来的）、drawback（缺点→ 往回拉的东西）。记住：with + draw = 拉回来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：withdrawn作形容词意为"孤僻的、内向的"，如a withdrawn child（孤僻的孩子）；withdrawal还可指"（药物）戒断反应"。这两个义项在人物描写与科普阅读中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The wisdom of nature is patient: it never hurries and does not withdraw from a difficult problem."（大自然的智慧是有耐心的：它从不匆忙，也不从难题前撤退。）（经典原句·withdraw 撤退） 【搭配词块】 withdraw from 从…撤出 / withdraw an application 撤回申请 / withdraw money 取钱 / withdrawal n. 撤回 11. reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ adj. 不情愿的，勉强的 【核心考点】 reluctant是记叙文与议论文语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①不情愿的（后接to do）——be reluctant to do sth.（不愿做某事）、be reluctant to admit（不愿承认）；②勉强的（作定语）——a reluctant smile（勉强的微笑）、a reluctant agreement（勉强的同意）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：reluctance n. 不情愿→ with reluctance（勉强地）、show reluctance to do；reluctantly adv. 不情愿地。辨析：reluctant（不情愿的，内心抵触）vs unwilling（不愿意的，态度更明确）vs hesitant（犹豫的，尚未决定）vs opposed to（反对的）。写作金句：We are reluctant to wait, and that impatience costs us most of what patience would have given（我们不情愿等待，而这份急躁使我们失去了耐心本会给予的大部分东西）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语reluctari"挣扎抵抗"（re-"反"+luctari"角力"）→ 心里较劲→ 不情愿。联想：luct"角力"→ reluctant（不情愿的）、reluctance（不情愿）。记住：re + luct = 反着较劲→ 不乐意。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reluctant作定语时可译为"勉强的、不得已的"，如a reluctant hero（不情愿当英雄的人）。此用法在人物描写中常带反差意味，注意与"不愿意"的表语用法区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We are often reluctant to wait, yet only those who watch closely will attain a design worth keeping."（我们常常不情愿等待，然而只有那些细致观察的人，才能获得一个值得留存的设计。）（经典原句·reluctant 不情愿的） 【搭配词块】 be reluctant to do 不愿做 / a reluctant smile 勉强的微笑 / with reluctance 勉强地 / reluctantly adv. 不情愿地 12. attain /əˈteɪn/ v. 达到，获得，实现 【核心考点】 attain是议论文与说明文语篇的高频动词（较正式）。用法要点：①达到（水平、标准、年龄）——attain a high level（达到高水平）、attain the age of 18（年满18岁）；②获得，实现（目标）——attain a goal（达成目标）、attain success（取得成功）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：attainment n. 成就，达到→ educational attainment（学业成就）；attainable adj. 可达到的→ an attainable goal（可实现的目标）。辨析：attain（达到，经努力，正式）vs achieve（实现，最通用）vs reach（到达，中性）vs obtain（获得，指物）。写作金句：A goal that can be attained without changing who we are was probably never worth setting（一个无需改变自我就能达成的目标，恐怕本就不值得设定）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语attingere"触及"（ad-"向"+tangere"触碰"）→ 触到→ 达到。联想：tain/tang"触/持"→ attain（达到）、contact（接触）、tangible（可触知的）、contain（容纳）。记住：at + tain = 伸手够到。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attain在正式语体中可表"（年龄、状态）达到"，如on attaining the age of 21（年满21岁时）。此用法多见于法律与说明性文本，注意其后直接接名词而非to。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Only those who watch closely will attain a design worth keeping."（只有那些细致观察的人，才能获得一个值得留存的设计。）（经典原句·attain 获得） 【搭配词块】 attain a goal 达成目标 / attain a high level 达到高水平 / attainment n. 成就 / attainable adj. 可达到的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 lotus lotus-like (adj.) --- --- a lotus leaf / the lotus effect termite termite mound (n.) --- --- a termite mound / a termite colony biomimicry biomimetic (adj.) biomimic (v.) --- the science of biomimicry / through biomimicry mimic mimicry (n.) mimicked (v.过去式) mimicking (v.现在分词) mimic nature / mimic sb.'s voice architect architecture (n.) architectural (adj.) --- a famous architect / architectural wonders employ employment (n.) employer (n.) employee (n.) employ a method / be employed to do convert conversion (n.) converter (n.) convertible (adj.) convert A into B / be converted into superb superbly (adv.) --- --- a superb building / superb quality wisdom wise (adj.) wisely (adv.) --- the wisdom of crowds / conventional wisdom withdraw withdrawal (n.) withdrawn (adj.) withdrew (v.过去式) withdraw from / withdraw an application reluctant reluctance (n.) reluctantly (adv.) --- be reluctant to do / with reluctance attain attainment (n.) attainable (adj.) --- attain a goal / attain a high level Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2023全国乙卷·语法填空·改编）Beijing has many 21st-century ____________ (architect) wonders standing beside historical buildings. 2.（2023全国甲卷·阅读·改编）A simple literary form can still be ____________ (employment) today to draw attention to important truths. 3.（2023新高考I卷·阅读·改编）The paper illustrated what is now known as the "____________ (wise) of crowds" effect. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）A ____________ (lotuses) leaf never gets dirty even in the muddiest pond. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）____________ (termites) mounds stay cool without any electric fan at all. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）____________ (mimic) has inspired a great many modern building designs. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）Engineers now ____________ (biomimicry) the structure of a shell in their designs. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The old cotton factory was ____________ (conversion) into an art museum last year. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The view from the top of the hill that morning was absolutely ____________ (superbly). 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）He decided to ____________ (withdrawal) his application at the very last minute. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）She seemed ____________ (reluctance) to talk about what had happened that night. 12.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Few people ____________ (attainment) such a high level of skill in only two years. 13.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The ____________ (architecture) who designed the new library won an international prize. 14.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The company ____________ (employment) more than two thousand workers at present. 15.（2026河南郑州·模拟）Her ____________ (reluctant) to speak at the meeting surprised everyone in the room. 【答案】 1. architectural 2. employed 3. wisdom 4. lotus 5. Termite 6. Biomimicry 7. mimic 8. converted 9. superb 10. withdraw 11. reluctant 12. attain 13. architect 14. employs 15. reluctance 【逐题解析】 1. architectural — 提示词architect为名词，修饰名词wonders须用形容词architectural（建筑上的）。 2. employed — 提示词employment为名词，can still be后须用过去分词构成被动语态，employ在此为"运用、采用"的熟词生义。 3. wisdom — 提示词wise为形容词，定冠词the后须用名词，the wisdom of crowds为固定表达"群体智慧"。 4. lotus — 提示词lotuses为复数名词，不定冠词A后须用单数，a lotus leaf意为"荷叶"。 5. Termite — 提示词termites为复数，此处作定语修饰mounds须用单数名词，句首首字母大写为Termite。 6. Biomimicry — 提示词mimic为动词，本句缺主语须用名词，biomimicry意为"仿生学"，句首大写。 7. mimic — 提示词biomimicry为名词，now后须用谓语动词，主语Engineers为复数，用动词原形mimic。 8. converted — 提示词conversion为名词，was后须用过去分词构成被动语态，be converted into意为"被改造成"。 9. superb — 提示词superbly为副词，系动词was后须用形容词作表语，superb意为"极好的"。 10. withdraw — 提示词withdrawal为名词，decided to后须用动词原形withdraw（撤回）。 11. reluctant — 提示词reluctance为名词，seemed后须用形容词作表语，be reluctant to do意为"不愿做"。 12. attain — 提示词attainment为名词，主语Few people为复数，本句缺谓语，一般现在时用动词原形attain。 13. architect — 提示词architecture为名词（建筑学），此处指"人"须用architect（建筑师），后接who定语从句可佐证。 14. employs — 提示词employment为名词，本句缺谓语，主语The company为单数且时间状语为at present，用第三人称单数employs。 15. reluctance — 提示词reluctant为形容词，形容词性物主代词Her后须用名词，reluctance意为"不情愿"。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 ____________（莲）叶在泥水中洁净如初，____________（白蚁）丘无风扇亦清凉。____________（仿生学）便是借用这些妙招的科学，工程师如今____________（模仿）自然早已完善之物。 ____________（建筑师）可____________（运用）贝壳弧线，把薄墙____________（转化）为坚墙，于是____________（极好的）建筑生于卑微生灵。自然的____________（智慧）有耐心，从不从难题前____________（撤退）；我们常____________（不情愿的）等待，唯细察者方能____________（获得）值得留存的设计。 【答案】 lotus; termite; Biomimicry; mimic; architect; employ; convert; superb; wisdom; withdraw; reluctant; attain Part 7 关联阅读 The lotus has puzzled scientists for centuries. Its leaf rises out of thick mud yet stays perfectly clean, because tiny bumps on the surface let water roll off and carry the dirt away. Not far from such a pond, a termite mound may hold a steady temperature all day long, though the desert outside swings from freezing night to burning noon. Biomimicry is the young science that studies these quiet solutions, and researchers now mimic them in paints, fabrics and cooling systems. Nature, after all, has been testing designs for millions of years, and it never publishes a product that does not work. Its ideas are judged by survival itself, and every failure is quietly removed from the record long before we admire the winners. In Zimbabwe, an architect looked at those termite mounds and asked a simple question: why should a building need so much air conditioning? He decided to employ the same system of tunnels and vents, allowing cool night air to enter and warm air to escape. The finished shopping centre uses a small fraction of the energy that a similar building would demand, and its owners were able to convert that saving into lower rents. Visitors call it a superb piece of work, yet the real designer was an insect that has never seen a drawing. The centre has now stood for nearly thirty years, and engineers from many countries still travel there simply to study how the whole structure breathes. The wisdom of this approach lies in patience rather than cleverness. Nature does not withdraw from a problem when the first attempt fails; it simply tries again across countless generations until something fits. Human designers are often reluctant to work that slowly, since deadlines reward speed and punish doubt. But those who are willing to watch, measure and wait usually attain results that last far longer. The lesson is not that we should copy every leaf and shell, but that we should learn how nature asks its questions. Perhaps the greatest gift of this young science is not a new material, but a new kind of humility toward the world outside our windows. 1. Why does a lotus leaf stay clean in muddy water? A. Tiny bumps let water roll off and carry the dirt away. B. Its surface is regularly washed by heavy rain. C. The mud around it contains no dust at all. D. It grows far above the surface of the pond. 2. What did the architect in Zimbabwe learn from termite mounds? A. How to build with cheaper local materials. B. How to attract more visitors to a shopping centre. C. How to cool a building with tunnels and vents. D. How to raise the rents of a large building. 3. Why are human designers often reluctant to work like nature? A. They believe nature's designs are too simple. B. Deadlines reward speed and punish doubt. C. They are not allowed to copy living things. D. Slow work is always more expensive. 4. What is the main lesson of the passage? A. Every leaf and shell should be copied exactly. B. Insects are better engineers than human beings. C. Air conditioning should be banned in hot countries. D. We should learn how nature asks and answers its questions. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段原因状语从句是解题句——"because tiny bumps on the surface let water roll off and carry the dirt away"，叶面上细小的凸起使水珠滚落并带走污物，与A项完全对应，故选A。B项"暴雨冲洗"、C项"泥中无尘"、D项"远高于水面"均为无中生有。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段明确——"He decided to employ the same system of tunnels and vents, allowing cool night air to enter and warm air to escape"，建筑师借用白蚁丘的隧道与通风口系统为建筑降温，与C项How to cool a building with tunnels and vents吻合，故选C。A项"更便宜的本地材料"、B项"吸引游客"均未提及；D项与原文"convert that saving into lower rents（把节省转为更低租金）"相反。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第三段给出原因——"Human designers are often reluctant to work that slowly, since deadlines reward speed and punish doubt"，since引导的原因状语说明"截止期奖励速度、惩罚迟疑"，与B项一致，故选B。A项"认为自然设计太简单"、C项"不许模仿生物"、D项"慢工总更贵"均无依据。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文由荷叶、白蚁丘的自然方案，到津巴布韦仿生建筑，最后落到末句"The lesson is not that we should copy every leaf and shell, but that we should learn how nature asks its questions"，点明主旨在于学习自然的提问与求解方式，与D项吻合，故选D。A项与"not... copy every leaf and shell"直接矛盾；B项"昆虫比人更会工程"过度引申；C项"禁用空调"未提及。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：lotus, termite, biomimicry, mimic, architect, employ, convert, superb, wisdom, withdraw, reluctant, attain Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The water flower opens early every summer morning in the pond. → The ____________ opens early every summer morning in the pond. 2. Those small white insects built a tall mound of earth in the field. → Those ____________s built a tall mound of earth in the field. 3. Learning design ideas from living things has changed modern building. → ____________ has changed modern building. 4. The new material copies the structure of a spider's silk. → The new material ____________s the structure of a spider's silk. 5. The person who designed the museum studied in Paris for six years. → The ____________ of the museum studied in Paris for six years. 6. Scientists used a very simple method to solve the difficult problem. → Scientists ____________ed a very simple method to solve the difficult problem. 7. The old warehouse was changed into a public library last spring. → The old warehouse was ____________ed into a public library last spring. 8. The food served at the small country hotel was really excellent. → The food served at the small country hotel was ____________. 9. The old farmer's good sense saved the whole village that winter. → The old farmer's ____________ saved the whole village that winter. 10. He decided to pull out of the competition because of his injury. → He decided to ____________ from the competition because of his injury. 11. She was unwilling to accept any help from her former classmates. → She was ____________ to accept any help from her former classmates. 12. After years of practice he finally reached the highest level. → After years of practice he finally ____________ed the highest level. 【答案】 1. lotus 2. termite 3. Biomimicry 4. mimic 5. architect 6. employ 7. convert 8. superb 9. wisdom 10. withdraw 11. reluctant 12. attain Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：lotus → termite → biomimicry → mimic → architect → employ → convert → superb → wisdom → withdraw → reluctant → attain 复述模板（填空）： ____________（莲）叶泥中不染，____________（白蚁）丘无扇自凉；____________（仿生学）借此妙招，工程师____________（模仿）自然。 ____________（建筑师）____________（运用）贝壳弧线，将薄墙____________（转化）为坚墙，成就____________（极好的）建筑。自然的____________（智慧）在于耐心，从不____________（撤退）；人常____________（不情愿的）慢等，唯细察者能____________（获得）久存之设计。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：lotus; termite; Biomimicry; mimic; architect; employ; convert; superb; wisdom; withdraw; reluctant; attain 复述模板参考版本： A lotus leaf stays spotless in muddy water and a termite mound keeps cool without a fan, so biomimicry studies these quiet solutions while engineers mimic what nature perfected long ago. An architect may employ the curve of a shell to convert thin walls into strong ones, and a superb building is born from a humble creature. The wisdom of nature is patient: it never hurries and does not withdraw from a hard problem. We are often reluctant to wait, yet only those who watch closely will attain a design worth keeping. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $