内容正文:
Unit 6 动词及基本句型
一、动词分类
动词主要分为行为动词(实义动词)、连系动词两大类。
二、行为动词(实义动词)
行为动词有实际含义,可以在句中独立作谓语,表示动作或者状态。分为不及物动词和及物动词。
1. 不及物动词
本身语义完整,后面不需要接宾语。
✅句型结构:S + V(主语 + 谓语)
例句:
1. We all laughed. 我们都笑了。
2. Peter is swimming in the pool now. 彼得现在正在泳池里游泳。
2. 及物动词
本身语义不完整,后面必须接宾语,动作要有作用对象。
✅句型结构:S + V + O(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语)
例句:
1. Kitty will watch a film this Sunday. 基蒂这个星期天会去看电影。
2. The restaurant serves many traditional Chinese dishes. 这家餐馆供应许多传统中式菜肴。
> 💡小提示:部分动词既是及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,需要结合语境判断。
三、连系动词
1. 定义
连系动词自身有词义,但语义不完整,后面必须接表语,构成S+V+P(主+系+表)句型。表语常为形容词、名词等,用来说明主语身份、特征、状态。
2. 连系动词分类
类别
单词
be 动词
am, is, are, was, were
感官动词
look, sound, feel, smell, taste
表 “变化”
become, get, grow, turn
表 “保持”
remain, keep, stay
表 “似乎”
seem, appear
3. 经典例句
(1)He is a teacher. 他是一位教师。(名词作表语)
(2)The story sounds very interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。(形容词作表语)
(3)Her face turned red. 她的脸变红了。(形容词作表语)
(4)China remains unchanged in building good relationships with other countries.
中国同其他国家建立良好关系的决心没有改变。
> ⚠️易错提醒:连系动词后面常用形容词作表语,不要误用副词。
> ✔ look good 看起来很好;❌ look well(well作形容词只表示身体好)
四、强化分层练习题
Ⅰ. 分类辨析(区分:及物动词 / 不及物动词 / 连系动词)
请为每个句子括号内的动词选择类别,A=及物动词,B=不及物动词,C=连系动词
1. The music (sounds) wonderful. ( )
2. Birds (fly) in the sky. ( )
3. My brother (finished) his homework yesterday. ( )
4. The leaves (turn) yellow in autumn. ( )
5. Everybody (is sleeping) now. ( )
6. She (bought) a new dictionary last week. ( )
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. The soup smells ______. I want to have some.
A. nicely B. good C. well D. badly
2. Which sentence belongs to the structure S+V(主谓结构)?
A. He keeps quiet.
B. The sun rises.
C. I know him.
D. She is a nurse.
3. After doing sports, his face ______ red.
A. turns B. looks at C. smells D. listens
4. You should keep ______ when you are in the library.
A. quietly B. quiet C. loudly D. happily
5. —What is your sister?
—She ______ a nurse.
A. becomes B. seems C. is D. gets
6. The girl seems ______ because she lost her keys.
A. sad B. sadly C. sadness D. sadly
7. Which of the following is a S+V+O(主谓宾)sentence?
A. Time flies.
B. The flowers look beautiful.
C. We enjoy the soft music.
D. He stays healthy.
Ⅲ. 句型判断:写出句子句型(S+V / S+V+O / S+V+P)
1. My father reads newspapers every evening. ____________
2. The little baby is crying. ____________
3. This piece of bread tastes delicious. ____________
4. The weather gets colder in winter. ____________
5. Many students love cartoons. ____________
Ⅳ. 改错(划出错误单词,写出正确形式)
1. The flower smells sweetly. ________________
2. He looked happily when he heard the news. ________________
3. All of us seemed sadly. ________________
Ⅴ. 句子翻译(重点考察系动词用法)
1. 这个计划听起来很棒。
____________________________________
2. 冬天白天变得越来越短。
____________________________________
3. 请保持安静。
____________________________________
Ⅵ. 拓展判断(对的写T,错的写F)
( ) 1. 不及物动词后面可以直接加宾语。
( ) 2. 连系动词后面一般接形容词或者名词作表语。
( ) 3. “He runs fast.”是主谓(S+V)句型。
( ) 4. taste属于表示“变化”类的连系动词。
参考答案
Ⅰ. 分类辨析
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C
Ⅲ. 句型判断
1. S+V+O
2. S+V
3. S+V+P
4. S+V+P
5. S+V+O
Ⅳ. 改错
1. sweetly → sweet
2. happily → happy
3. sadly → sad
Ⅴ. 句子翻译
1. The plan sounds great.
2. The days get shorter and shorter in winter.
3. Please keep quiet.
Ⅵ. 拓展判断
1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F
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