Unit 5 动词不定式2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦动词不定式这一核心语法点，以“基本概念—功能应用”为支架，系统梳理其“to+动词原形”的基本形式及非谓语特性，进而分述作主语、宾语、目的状语、宾语补足语等功能，形成从概念理解到具体运用的递进学习路径。 资料通过表格归纳后接to-do的动词、对比带to与不带to的宾补用法等设计，助力学生构建语法知识网络，培养思维品质。配套练习涵盖填空、选择及句型转换，强化语言应用能力，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Unit 5 动词不定式 一、动词不定式基本概念 动词不定式属于非谓语动词，基本形式：to + 动词原形。 > 💡要点：不定式不作句子谓语，没有人称、数的变化；可在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等多种成分。 例句： 1. To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。（作主语） 2. What are you trying to do? 你想干什么？（作宾语） 3. The teacher asked us to read more English stories. 老师让我们多读英语故事。（作宾语补足语） 4. They got up early to catch the early bus. 他们早起去赶早班车。（作目的状语） 二、动词不定式作宾语 1. 后接to‑do作宾语的常用动词 afford agree choose decide forget hope learn manage plan prepare promise refuse try want 例句： I decided to visit my grandparents this weekend. 我决定这个周末去看望祖父母。 2. 不定式的否定形式 not to + 动词原形 例句：You must promise not to do this again. 你必须保证不再这么做了。 三、动词不定式作目的状语 用来表达动作发生的目的。 1. 基础形式：to + 动词原形 - We will move faster to build China into a country strong in sports. 我们要加快将中国建设成为体育强国。 - He stayed at the school to clean the classroom. 他留在学校打扫教室。 2. 加强语气：in order to + 动词原形 > ⚠️注意：`in order to`引导目的状语，可放句尾，也可置于句首。 - They left early in order to get there in time. 为了及时赶到那里，他们很早就出发了。 = In order to get there in time, they left early. - She is running quickly in order to catch the first bus. 为了赶上首班公交车，她正飞快地跑着。 - I will sit in the front in order to hear more clearly. 为了听得更清楚，我要坐在前面。 四、动词不定式作宾语补足语 用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态。句型结构：动词 + 宾语 + (to) do （一）带to的不定式作宾补 常用动词：ask、tell、order、invite、get、allow、wish、want、encourage、advise、warn、like、love、hate 例句： 1. I want you to sing a song to us. 我想让你给我们唱首歌。 2. My father asked me to clean my room. 我爸爸让我打扫一下我的房间。 3. What did your parents advise you to do? 你父母建议你怎么做？ 4. The policeman told the boys not to swim in the river. 警察告诉男孩们别在河里游泳。 > ✨否定宾补：动词 + 宾语 + not to do （二）不带to的不定式作宾补 1. 感官动词：hear、feel、see、watch、notice 2. 使役动词：let、make、have > 后直接跟动词原形，省略to。 例句： 1. I saw her open the door. 我看见她打开门。 2. You can let the boy go first. 你可以让那个男孩先走。 （三）动词help的特殊用法 help后面的不定式，to可加也可省略，即 `help sb. (to) do sth.` 1. She often helps me (to) do the housework. 她常常帮我做家务。 2. We helped him (to) fix his bike. 我们帮他修自行车。 五、配套基础练习 Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. He wants ________ (play) football after class. 2. I decided ________ (visit) my grandparents this weekend. 3. The teacher told us ________ (not talk) in class. 4. In order ________ (catch) the bus, he got up very early. 5. I saw him ________ (enter) the room. 6. She helps me ________ (learn) English. Ⅱ. 单项选择 1. My parents often encourage me ______ hard. A. study B. to study C. studying 2. Let him ______ a rest, he is too tired. A. have B. to have C. having 3. You must promise ______ late again. A. not be B. not to be C. don’t be Ⅲ. 句型转换 They left early so that they could get there in time.（改为in order to简单句） ________________________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ. 1. to play 2. to visit 3. not to talk 4. to catch 5. enter 6. (to) learn Ⅱ. 1.B 2.A 3.B Ⅲ. They left early in order to get there in time. / In order to get there in time, they left early. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $