【周周有招】新教材同步-尖子班讲义Unit 4-Natural Disasters第1讲-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册（教师版+学生版）

本讲义聚焦地震叙事的时间线结构（震前-震中-震后）、as if虚拟语气及who/which/whose定语从句，通过读前预判段落归属、读后时间轴验证搭建学习支架，逐段精讲时间标志词、反常细节、数字及语法点，辅以分层练习。 资料以任务驱动式阅读（预判-验证）培养思维品质，语法与语篇融合（如as if虚拟语气、定从实例）提升语言能力，分层练习设计（基础到挑战）助力课后查漏补缺，课中高效授课，课后自主巩固，符合学习能力培养要求。

2026—2027 学年·高一·上学期·新教材（人教版）英语·必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 阅读精讲·第 1 讲　（学生版） 地震叙事：跟着时间线、数字与虚拟语气读懂一场灾难 【课时安排】本讲为Unit 4 Reading第1讲，建议用时2课时 【学习目标】 1. 能通过时间标志词划分震前/震中/震后段落结构 2. 能判断as if虚拟语气并完成语法填空 3. 能区分who/which/whose并完成定从填空 一、读前：把一场灾难读成一条线 灾难纪实报道（disaster news report）不靠情节，靠时间线。写作者用时间词把一场天翻地覆按“震前—震中—震后”切成三段：反常、爆发、重生。先抓住这条线，全文的段落功能、信息顺序、写作目的就都有了落点。 先扣标题 the night the earth didn’t sleep——“地球不眠之夜”。地震在唐山，作者却怪“地球没睡”。地球以剧烈的方式“失眠”，恰恰是地底下有异常在积累的暗示：反常先积累，然后爆发，最后重建。这个标题，等于把全文“反常—爆发—重生”的路数先剧透了一遍。 下面两个任务不预习、不查答案，只练一件事：翻全文之前，先凭标题和首段对时间线结构做出预判。这一招，往后每篇灾难报道都通用。 任务一　预判段落归属（读前猜，不查原文） 下面这句话最可能出现在“震前／震中／震后”的哪一段？你的判断依据是什么？ 原文句：Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. 你的判断：属＿＿＿＿段；判断依据：＿＿＿＿（提示：抓住句中能暗示时间阶段的信号词） 任务二　一分钟画时间轴（读后回填，验证预判） 通读全文后，用三个时间标志词把全文连成一条线，并把每段时间内“发生了什么”补全： ① 震前：For several days → 井水＿＿＿＿，井壁＿＿＿＿，动物＿＿＿＿； ② 震中：At 3:42 a.m. → ＿＿＿＿爆发，＿＿＿＿倒下； ③ 震后：Soon after the quakes → 军队、医生、工人＿＿＿＿，城市慢慢＿＿＿＿。 任务一在翻页前做，任务是预判；任务二在通读后做，任务是验证。一前一后，正好是阅读最常用的两个动作：先建立预期，再核对预期。任务二能检验任务一猜得准不准，也能让你看清“时间词”在组织全文时到底起了什么作用。 二、课文全文　The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep 下方为课文完整原文。文中【 】框出的是本讲重点词块与语法结构，共 12 处——它们就是后面逐段精讲的对象；每段末尾附一道随文思考题，读完一段停下来想清楚，再往下读。 【Para 1】【Strange things were happening】 in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells 【rose and fell, rose and fell】. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were 【too nervous to eat】, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. 【随文思考①】这一段的“Strange things were happening”里，were happening 用的是什么时态？作者不用一般过去时 happened，而用进行时，想强调什么？ 【Para 2】At about 3:00 a.m. on 28 July 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard above the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city 【who thought little of these events】 were asleep as usual that night. 【Para 3】At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed 【as if the world were coming to an end】! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. In less than one minute, a large city 【lay in ruins】. 【Two-thirds of the people】 died or were injured during the earthquake. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 【随文思考②】as if the world were coming to an end 里，主语是 world（单数），为什么 be 用的是 were 而不是 was？作者用这种“与现实相反”的形式，想告诉读者什么？ 【Para 4】Everywhere survivors looked, there was 【nothing but ruins】. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals 【were gone】. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 【Para 5】But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to 【dig out those who were trapped】 and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to 【provide medical care】. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 【Para 6】Tangshan started to 【revive and get back up on its feet】. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 【随文思考③】结尾段说 Tangshan has proved...people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive。作者从“记事”转到“议论”，这样写的目的是什么？ 三、第一读：抓时间线，先摸骨架 第一遍读，不抠词，只做一件事：把时间线拎出来。对照读前画的时间轴——第 1、2 段是震前反常，第 3 段是震中爆发，第 4、5、6 段分别是震后的毁灭、救援、重生。回看任务一：你给那句 Strange things were happening 归到了哪一段？判断抓手是不是句中那个时间状语？翻回原文核对你的预判。 时间线在高考阅读里有三种考法，对应三种动作： ① 时间细节题（问具体时间点、先后）——先圈出时间标志词（At 3:42 a.m.、Soon after），再回原文定位，别凭记忆； ② 事件顺序／排序题——靠时间词给事件排队，时间词就是顺序标尺； ③ 时间词背后的结构意图题（Why does the writer arrange the events by time?）——时间词在切分段落结构，答“划分结构、交代过程、层层推进”这类作用。 不管哪一种，第一步都是先把时间标志词圈出来——它们是全文的路标。 四、第二读：震前段，反常细节全是伏笔（第 1、2 段） 作者写震前，不直说“要地震了”，而是堆一串本不该发生却发生了的反常：井水反复升降、井壁裂缝冒气、鸡猪不进食、狗不进窝、老鼠跑出田、鱼跳出水面、夜半亮光、无飞机却有飞机声、水管爆裂。 反常细节是伏笔。高考若问“作者为何写这些反常现象”，答案就一句话：它们都是震前的前兆，为后文铺垫。反常细节越密，越说明这场灾难“早有征兆”，也越衬托出人们“没当回事”的悲剧——正好接上后面 think little of 那处伏笔。把反常细节当伏笔来读，震前段的读法就抓住了。 1. rose and fell 重复两次 rose and fell, rose and fell 连说两遍，强调这种升降“反复、持续”，不是一次两次。阅读题若问“作者为何重复某词”，按四问自查：①重复的内容是什么？②它强调什么（持续／程度／频率）？③它服务什么情感或目的？④套高频标志词——正确项常带 emphasize、stress、highlight。 2. think little of ...who thought little of these events were asleep＝“没把这些事当回事”，与 think highly of（重视）相反。这是全篇最扎心的一处伏笔：不是没人发现异象，是发现了也没当回事，照常入睡。 完形里易混的三个短语，按轻视程度排：think little of（轻视）、think nothing of（不以为然，程度更深）、pay no attention to（根本没注意，侧重行动上无视）。记不住时，用“little 少→程度轻，nothing 无→彻底无视”来锚定。 3. too...to... Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat. too＋形容词／副词＋to do＝“太……以至于不能……”，自带否定含义。考场判断一句话：看到 too 就去找 to——too...to... 表否定，enough...to... 表肯定。 五、第三读：震中段，虚拟语气、数字与定语从句三座山（第 3 段） 1. as if 虚拟语气 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 主语 world 是单数，be 却用 were。原因：as if 引导的从句若与事实相反用虚拟；与现在事实相反时，be 一律用 were。这里“世界并没有真的毁灭”，只是“像要毁灭”，所以用虚拟。 语法填空遇 as if / as though，落笔前先问自己两件事：一看，从句内容与事实是否相反？（相反才虚拟）；二看，时间指向现在还是过去？（现在→be 用 were、一般过去时；过去→过去完成时）。想清楚这两件事，再填形式。 2. deadly 与 dead deadly 是“可致命的”（强调性质，会导致死亡）；dead 是“已死的”（强调状态，已经死亡）。地震本身是“能致人死命的”，绝非“已死的”，所以用 deadly 不用 dead。 考场判断：句意强调“致死的威胁／性质”→ deadly；强调“生命已结束的状态”→ dead。看它修饰的是“能造成危险的东西”还是“已经没生命的东西”。 3. lay in ruins 与 lie / lay 全家族 a large city lay in ruins 中，lay 是 lie 的过去式；in ruins＝成为废墟，固定用复数。要彻底分清 lie 与 lay，最稳的办法是记住完整变位表，尤其防住最阴的一个陷阱——lie 作“撒谎”时是规则动词（lied），与作“躺／位于”时的 lie—lay—lain 完全不是一套变化： 动词 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 躺／位于 lie lay lain lying 无宾语 放／搁 lay laid laid laying 有宾语 撒谎 lie lied lied lying 规则变化 考场两判：区分 lie（躺）与 lay（放）看有无宾语——有宾语用 lay，无宾语用 lie；区分“躺”与“撒谎”看语义——撒谎时规则变化 lied。 4. 分数表达 Two-thirds of the people died。分数构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于 1 时分母加 s（two-thirds）。“分数／百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语单复数看 of 后名词：of the people（复数）→ 谓语复数；of the water（不可数）→ 谓语单数。 5. 震中三抓 震中段落信息最密集，读它别想着“多记几个点”，按“三抓”走更稳：一抓时间——圈定 At 3:42 a.m.，锁定事件发生的精确时间点；二抓虚拟——认出 as if...were 与现在事实相反，读出“看似毁灭、实则未真毁灭”的分寸；三抓数字——two-thirds、400,000、11 公里、150 公里、不到一分钟，这些数字大概率在说明破坏规模、伤亡程度或地理范围。 数字对应高考“例证题”（例：Why does the author mention the number 400,000?），按三步回位法：①定位数字出现句；②判断它论证的中心观点（数字是论据，不是论点）；③排除只复述数字本身、未指向观点的干扰项，选“说明规模／强调程度”这类指向观点的项。 六、第四读：震后段，从一片废墟到重新站起来（第 4、5、6 段） 震后三段“先抑后扬”：第 4 段写毁灭之彻底，第 5 段写救援之有力，第 6 段写重生之坚定。先摸清这条情绪线，答作者态度题就有了方向——总体“悲中带振，最终乐观”。 第 4 段的破折号（People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again）表补充说明：先抛状态（震惊），再引转折（又一场强震），一前一后把“雪上加霜”写透。 1. nothing but 与它的兄弟们 there was nothing but ruins＝只有、仅仅，≈only。理解它的关键是 but 在这里等于 except：nothing but＝no thing except＝除了……没有别的＝只有。同一个逻辑能推出另外两个：anything but＝绝不是（除了……什么都行，唯独不是它）；all but＝几乎（除了……全都有了，差一点就全）。 完形遇这三个，先看上下文是“肯定只剩这个”（nothing but）还是“否定这个”（anything but），再用 but＝except 的逻辑代进去检验，比背中文译法更稳。 2. 数字＋比喻写惨状 数字：75 percent...90 percent...all of its hospitals were gone——一组递进数字讲清城市被掏空；注意 gone 是形容词“没了”，不是被动语态。 比喻：Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. 读比喻要抓“像什么，又不像什么”：秋叶能吹走，砖块吹不走，一个 but 点出废墟之重。 高考考修辞，不在审美欣赏，而在“写作手法／目的”类题（例：Why does the author use the simile here?）。按四问自查：①本体是谁，喻体是谁？②喻体的特征是什么？③作者借这个特征想强调什么（此处强调废墟堆积之重、难以清除）？④排除只解释表面意象的干扰项。 3. 三个破坏词 damage 部分损坏、可修复；destroy 彻底摧毁、无法复原；ruin 成废墟、价值尽失。考场排除：有数值／百分比→destroy；宾语抽象→ruin；宾语可修复→damage。 4. 三个受伤词 injure 事故伤、较重但不致命；hurt 最宽泛，身心通用、可不及物（My leg hurts.）；wound 专指刀枪外伤。 5. 救援与重生词块 dig out（dug out，挖出）；trap（be trapped，被困）；bury（buried，埋葬）；shelter 名词“避难所”、动词“庇护”。revive＝复苏；get back up on its feet 是习语，引申为“从困境中恢复元气”。 6. shock 词族 in shock 是固定搭配。语法填空若给动词 shock，先判成分，再判语态，最后定词形：①句子里缺谓语还是缺非谓语？②缺谓语→判时态语态（was shocked，被动）；缺非谓语→判主动／被动（主动 shocking，被动 shocked）；③前面有介词（如 in）→填名词 shock。完整路径：判成分 → 判语态 → 判情感方向。 7. 灾难主题写作加分语料 写作可复用的词块：in ruins、be trapped、dig out、provide medical care、build shelters、revive、unify。示范句：After the earthquake, the whole city lay in ruins. Soldiers came to dig out the trapped. 七、语言点聚焦：定语从句——本单元的核心语法 课文里定语从句反复出现，是本单元核心语法。先看懂它是什么，再掌握一套“拿到就能做”的程序。 1. 一句话看懂 定语从句＝名词后跟一个以关系词开头的句子，用来说明这个名词“是哪一个、什么样的”。看课文原句：the one million people who thought little of these events were asleep——先行词是 people，关系词是 who，说明“是哪些人”（那些没把这些事当回事的人）。 2. 定从题四步走 拿到题别急着填，先按四步过一遍： ① 划先行词：先找关系词前面的名词／代词，它就是要被说明的对象； ② 判人还是物：先行词是人还是物？人走 who／whom／that，物走 which／that； ③ 看成份：关系词在从句里当主语、宾语、定语，还是时间／地点／原因状语？缺宾语→关系词常可省；作定语→只能用 whose； ④ 套表落笔：按第②③步的结论到下面的“选词总表”里取词。 3. 选词总表（关系代词＋关系副词） 关系副词的本质是“介词＋which”的缩写：when＝at/in/on which，where＝in/at which，why＝for which。考场若在 when/where 与介词＋which 之间纠结，记住它们等价互换即可。 关系词 先行词 在从句中作 课文例句 who 人 主语 the people who were trapped whom 人 宾语（常可省） the doctors (whom) the army sent which 物 主语／宾语 a quake which caused damage that 人／物 主语／宾语 those that were trapped whose 人／物 定语（所属） survivors whose homes were destroyed when 时间名词 时间状语 the day when the quake hit where 地点名词 地点状语 the factory where workers built shelters why the reason 原因状语 the reason why it was rebuilt 4. 非限制性定语从句 以逗号隔开的定语从句叫非限制性定语从句，它只是补充说明，删掉不影响主句完整。三条铁律：①关系词不可省略；②不用 that；③which 不指人（指人用 who/whom）。课文第 3 段 “one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century, a quake that even caused damage...” 里的 a quake that... 就是对前面事件的补充说明。 5. 六个高频易错陷阱 陷阱一：作宾语的关系词可省略。怎么看——先行词后直接跟“主语＋谓语”（没有关系词），说明关系词被省略了，如 the book（that/which）I bought yesterday。作主语绝不能省。 陷阱二：whose 也能指物。怎么看——先行词后出现“所属关系”（whose＋名词），无论人是物都能用，如 the city whose name means mountain hall。 陷阱三：that 与 which 不可互换的两种情况。①先行词被序数词、最高级、the only/the very 修饰时只用 that；②介词直接放在关系词前时只用 which（about which, in which），不用 that。 陷阱四：定从中的主谓一致。关系词作主语时，从句谓语单复数看先行词：the people who were killed（people 复数→were）；the number of people who were killed 里，从句看 people，主句看 the number（单数）。 陷阱五：whose 也能接抽象名词。whose 后除具体名词（homes、name）外，也常接抽象名词，表“……的”所属，如 the idea whose importance we ignore（其重要性被我们忽视的那个想法）。语法填空见 whose 后接名词，先考虑所属关系。 陷阱六：分隔式定语从句。先行词与关系词之间被其他成分（介词短语、定语、状语）隔开，别因隔断就误判先行词，如 the city of Tangshan, whose people suffered so much, was rebuilt（先行词是 Tangshan）。判断时先找关系词，再回看它真正的先行词。 6. 课文例句对号入座（用选词总表 + 四步走，自己判断） 下列 5 个例句都出自课文。先划先行词，再判人／物、看成份，最后把判断结果填进空里： ① the one million people who thought little of these events — 先行词是＿＿（人／物），who 在从句中作＿＿。 ② dig out those who were trapped — 先行词是＿＿（人／物），who 在从句中作＿＿。 ③ survivors whose homes had been destroyed — 先行词是＿＿，whose 在从句中作＿＿（所属／主语／宾语）。 ④ a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away — 先行词是＿＿，that 在从句中作＿＿。 ⑤ doctors and nurses who came to provide medical care — 先行词是＿＿，who 在从句中作＿＿。 7. 写作升级：定从与分词互换 写作里要写出高分句，常把定语从句压缩成分词短语：关系词作主语时，删去“who/which＋be”即可。下面两个句子请按此法压缩成短语（注意判断是过去分词表被动，还是现在分词表主动）： the people who were trapped → the people ＿＿（＿＿分词，表＿＿） a soldier who is digging out survivors → a soldier ＿＿（＿＿分词，表＿＿） 两个简单句合并为定从：找出重复的名词，一个变先行词，另一个用关系词接上。 （本讲聚焦定语从句；名词性从句在后续讲次展开，此处不做混合辨析，以免与定从判断混淆。） 八、练一练：把读到的、学到的变成做题能力 共 45 题，分 6 组，按“单点直练—多维判断—语篇综合—推理挑战”递进：A 组词汇短语（基础）、B 组定语从句（中档）、C 组语法填空（综合）、D 组完形（综合）、E 组阅读（挑战）、F 组七选五（综合）。考点已标在题后，先独立完成，再回头核对思路，重点看“错项为什么错”。 A 组　词汇与短语（基础 ★，单一考点直接应用） 用所给词的适当形式或短语填空： 1. The whole city lay in ______ after the earthquake.（ruin）　考点：in＋名词 2. It seemed as if the world ______ coming to an end.（be）　考点：as if 虚拟 3. The number of people who were ______ in the quake was over 400,000.（injure）　考点：被动语态 变式（判断式，不给提示直接填空）： 4. Workers built ______ for the survivors.（用 shelter 的适当形式）　考点：名词数 5. Tangshan started to ______ and get back up on its feet.（用 revive 或它的名词形式，看空缺成分）　考点：词性判断 B 组　定语从句（中档 ★★，多维度判断） 用 that / which / who / whom / whose / when / where / why 填空，注意有的空需先判断“该不该填、作什么成分”： 6. The earthquake ______ hit Tangshan in 1976 was one of the most deadly in history.　考点：物作主语 7. The soldiers dug out the people ______ were trapped.　考点：人作主语 8. They built shelters for the survivors ______ homes were destroyed.　考点：whose 9. The city ______ name means “mountain hall” has been rebuilt.　考点：whose 指物 10. The doctors ______ came to Tangshan provided medical care.　考点：人作主语 11. He remembers the day ______ the big quake hit the city.　考点：时间状语（when） 12. This is the factory ______ workers built shelters after the quake.　考点：地点状语（where） 13. I don’t know the reason ______ the city was rebuilt so quickly.　考点：原因状语（why） 判断式（先判断该不该填）： 14. The book ______ I bought yesterday is about natural disasters.（填或不填）　考点：宾语关系词可省略 15. The man ______ is standing there is a doctor.（填或不填）　考点：主语关系词不可省 C 组　语篇型语法填空（综合 ★★，多考点融合） 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式： In the summer of 1976, a huge earthquake (16) ______ (strike) Tangshan. It seemed as if the world (17) ______ (be) coming to an end. In less than one minute, the whole city (18) ______ (lie) in ruins. Two-thirds of the people (19) ______ (kill) or badly injured. People were in shock, and many (20) ______ (survive) could not believe their eyes. But hope was not lost. The army sent soldiers (21) ______ (dig) out those who were trapped. Workers built shelters for (22) ______ (survive) whose homes had been destroyed. Slowly, the city began (23) ______ (breathe) again. Today, a new Tangshan (24) ______ (build) upon the ruins, and it has become home to more than seven million people. The disaster (25) ______ (teach) people to unify and stay positive in times of trouble. D 组　完形填空（综合 ★★★） 阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项： Shortly after midnight on 28 July 1976, the ground under Tangshan began to (26)____. In less than one minute, a city of one million people lay (27)____. Two-thirds of the residents were killed or injured. The quake was (28)____ — the most deadly of the 20th century. Survivors who crawled out of the ruins found a world (29)____ anything they had known. Bricks lay (30)____ red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Hospitals were gone; the injured had nowhere to go. People were (31)____, not knowing what to do next. But help was on the way. The army (32)____ 150,000 soldiers to dig out the trapped. Doctors and nurses (33)____ medical care. Workers built shelters for those (34)____ homes were destroyed. Slowly, hope returned, and the city began to (35)____ again. 26. A. fall　B. move　C. shake　D. break　考点：动词词义＋语境 27. A. dirt　B. pieces　C. parts　D. ruins　考点：固定搭配 in ruins 28. A. deadly　B. harmless　C. usual　D. gentle　考点：形容词词义 29. A. like　B. as　C. unlike　D. for　考点：介词与上下文对比 30. A. like　B. on　C. under　D. over　考点：比喻结构 like 31. A. at ease　B. in shock　C. in ruins　D. at peace　考点：固定搭配 32. A. asked　B. forced　C. ordered　D. sent　考点：动词搭配与语境 33. A. provided　B. accepted　C. received　D. refused　考点：动词搭配 provide 34. A. who　B. whose　C. which　D. whom　考点：定语从句 35. A. breathe　B. sleep　C. stop　D. worry　考点：习语 begin to breathe E 组　阅读理解（挑战 ★★★，推理与整合） Read the full text of The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep and choose the best answer. 36. What does the writer mainly want to show by listing the strange things in Paragraphs 1—2? A. That the people were too brave to leave the city B. That the animals were the first to feel the danger C. That the water in the wells was dangerous to drink D. That there were clear warning signs before the quake 37. Why does the author mention the number “400,000” in Paragraph 3? A. To show how big the city of Tangshan was B. To compare Tangshan with other cities C. To prove that the quake was extremely destructive D. To explain how the rescue teams worked 38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. All the hospitals were destroyed in the quake B. The earthquake lasted for more than one minute C. The army arrived before the second big quake D. Over 700,000 people now live in old Tangshan 39. The word revive in the last paragraph most probably means ______. A. to be completely destroyed B. to become larger in number C. to stay calm in danger D. to return to a strong and healthy state 40. What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of Tangshan? A. Doubtful　B. Indifferent　C. Hopeful　D. Worried F 组　七选五（综合 ★★★） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项： Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters. (41)____ Even in modern times, a single large quake can destroy a city in minutes. Scientists have long studied the warning signs before earthquakes. (42)____ For example, strange animal behaviour and changes in wells have been reported before many quakes. However, these signs are not reliable enough to predict exactly when or where a quake will strike. What matters most is preparation. (43)____ Schools and offices hold regular earthquake drills so that people know what to do when the ground begins to shake. After a quake, rescue and recovery are the priority. (44)____ Meanwhile, doctors treat the injured and workers rebuild homes and shelters. In the end, what an earthquake teaches us is not fear, but unity. (45)____ Just as the people of Tangshan proved, a community that stays united can rise again from the ruins. A. The army is often the first to dig out the trapped. B. Their power to destroy homes and lives is terrifying. C. Well-prepared communities recover far more quickly. D. Tangshan is now a home to more than seven million people. E. Animals have sometimes shown strange behaviour before quakes. F. People must unify and stay positive in times of disaster. G. Many quakes happen without any warning at all. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026—2027 学年·高一·上学期·新教材（人教版）英语·必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 阅读精讲·第 1 讲　（教师版） 地震叙事：跟着时间线、数字与虚拟语气读懂一场灾难 【课时安排】本讲为Unit 4 Reading第1讲，建议用时2课时 【学习目标】 1. 能通过时间标志词划分震前/震中/震后段落结构 2. 能判断as if虚拟语气并完成语法填空 3. 能区分who/which/whose并完成定从填空 一、读前：把一场灾难读成一条线 灾难纪实报道（disaster news report）不靠情节，靠时间线。写作者用时间词把一场天翻地覆按“震前—震中—震后”切成三段：反常、爆发、重生。先抓住这条线，全文的段落功能、信息顺序、写作目的就都有了落点。 先扣标题 the night the earth didn’t sleep——“地球不眠之夜”。地震在唐山，作者却怪“地球没睡”。地球以剧烈的方式“失眠”，恰恰是地底下有异常在积累的暗示：反常先积累，然后爆发，最后重建。这个标题，等于把全文“反常—爆发—重生”的路数先剧透了一遍。 下面两个任务不预习、不查答案，只练一件事：翻全文之前，先凭标题和首段对时间线结构做出预判。这一招，往后每篇灾难报道都通用。 任务一　预判段落归属（读前猜，不查原文） 下面这句话最可能出现在“震前／震中／震后”的哪一段？你的判断依据是什么？ 原文句：Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. 你的判断：属＿＿＿＿段；判断依据：＿＿＿＿（提示：抓住句中能暗示时间阶段的信号词） 任务二　一分钟画时间轴（读后回填，验证预判） 通读全文后，用三个时间标志词把全文连成一条线，并把每段时间内“发生了什么”补全： ① 震前：For several days → 井水＿＿＿＿，井壁＿＿＿＿，动物＿＿＿＿； ② 震中：At 3:42 a.m. → ＿＿＿＿爆发，＿＿＿＿倒下； ③ 震后：Soon after the quakes → 军队、医生、工人＿＿＿＿，城市慢慢＿＿＿＿。 任务一在翻页前做，任务是预判；任务二在通读后做，任务是验证。一前一后，正好是阅读最常用的两个动作：先建立预期，再核对预期。任务二能检验任务一猜得准不准，也能让你看清“时间词”在组织全文时到底起了什么作用。 二、课文全文　The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep 下方为课文完整原文。文中【 】框出的是本讲重点词块与语法结构，共 12 处——它们就是后面逐段精讲的对象；每段末尾附一道随文思考题，读完一段停下来想清楚，再往下读。 【Para 1】【Strange things were happening】 in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells 【rose and fell, rose and fell】. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were 【too nervous to eat】, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. 【随文思考①】这一段的“Strange things were happening”里，were happening 用的是什么时态？作者不用一般过去时 happened，而用进行时，想强调什么？ 【Para 2】At about 3:00 a.m. on 28 July 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard above the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city 【who thought little of these events】 were asleep as usual that night. 【Para 3】At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed 【as if the world were coming to an end】! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. In less than one minute, a large city 【lay in ruins】. 【Two-thirds of the people】 died or were injured during the earthquake. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 【随文思考②】as if the world were coming to an end 里，主语是 world（单数），为什么 be 用的是 were 而不是 was？作者用这种“与现实相反”的形式，想告诉读者什么？ 【Para 4】Everywhere survivors looked, there was 【nothing but ruins】. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals 【were gone】. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 【Para 5】But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to 【dig out those who were trapped】 and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to 【provide medical care】. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 【Para 6】Tangshan started to 【revive and get back up on its feet】. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 【随文思考③】结尾段说 Tangshan has proved...people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive。作者从“记事”转到“议论”，这样写的目的是什么？ 三、第一读：抓时间线，先摸骨架 第一遍读，不抠词，只做一件事：把时间线拎出来。对照读前画的时间轴——第 1、2 段是震前反常，第 3 段是震中爆发，第 4、5、6 段分别是震后的毁灭、救援、重生。回看任务一：那句 Strange things were happening 出现在第 1 段，属震前，判断抓手是 For several days 这个时间状语。 时间线在高考阅读里有三种考法，对应三种动作： ① 时间细节题（问具体时间点、先后）——先圈出时间标志词（At 3:42 a.m.、Soon after），再回原文定位，别凭记忆； ② 事件顺序／排序题——靠时间词给事件排队，时间词就是顺序标尺； ③ 时间词背后的结构意图题（Why does the writer arrange the events by time?）——时间词在切分段落结构，答“划分结构、交代过程、层层推进”这类作用。 不管哪一种，第一步都是先把时间标志词圈出来——它们是全文的路标。 四、第二读：震前段，反常细节全是伏笔（第 1、2 段） 作者写震前，不直说“要地震了”，而是堆一串本不该发生却发生了的反常：井水反复升降、井壁裂缝冒气、鸡猪不进食、狗不进窝、老鼠跑出田、鱼跳出水面、夜半亮光、无飞机却有飞机声、水管爆裂。 反常细节是伏笔。高考若问“作者为何写这些反常现象”，答案就一句话：它们都是震前的前兆，为后文铺垫。反常细节越密，越说明这场灾难“早有征兆”，也越衬托出人们“没当回事”的悲剧——正好接上后面 think little of 那处伏笔。把反常细节当伏笔来读，震前段的读法就抓住了。 1. rose and fell 重复两次 rose and fell, rose and fell 连说两遍，强调这种升降“反复、持续”，不是一次两次。阅读题若问“作者为何重复某词”，按四问自查：①重复的内容是什么？②它强调什么（持续／程度／频率）？③它服务什么情感或目的？④套高频标志词——正确项常带 emphasize、stress、highlight。 2. think little of ...who thought little of these events were asleep＝“没把这些事当回事”，与 think highly of（重视）相反。这是全篇最扎心的一处伏笔：不是没人发现异象，是发现了也没当回事，照常入睡。 完形里易混的三个短语，按轻视程度排：think little of（轻视）、think nothing of（不以为然，程度更深）、pay no attention to（根本没注意，侧重行动上无视）。记不住时，用“little 少→程度轻，nothing 无→彻底无视”来锚定。 3. too...to... Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat. too＋形容词／副词＋to do＝“太……以至于不能……”，自带否定含义。考场判断一句话：看到 too 就去找 to——too...to... 表否定，enough...to... 表肯定。 五、第三读：震中段，虚拟语气、数字与定语从句三座山（第 3 段） 1. as if 虚拟语气 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 主语 world 是单数，be 却用 were。原因：as if 引导的从句若与事实相反用虚拟；与现在事实相反时，be 一律用 were。这里“世界并没有真的毁灭”，只是“像要毁灭”，所以用虚拟。 语法填空遇 as if / as though，落笔前先问自己两件事：一看，从句内容与事实是否相反？（相反才虚拟）；二看，时间指向现在还是过去？（现在→be 用 were、一般过去时；过去→过去完成时）。想清楚这两件事，再填形式。本题“与现在事实相反”，所以 be 填 were。 2. deadly 与 dead deadly 是“可致命的”（强调性质，会导致死亡）；dead 是“已死的”（强调状态，已经死亡）。地震本身是“能致人死命的”，绝非“已死的”，所以用 deadly 不用 dead。 考场判断：句意强调“致死的威胁／性质”→ deadly；强调“生命已结束的状态”→ dead。看它修饰的是“能造成危险的东西”还是“已经没生命的东西”。 3. lay in ruins 与 lie / lay 全家族 a large city lay in ruins 中，lay 是 lie 的过去式；in ruins＝成为废墟，固定用复数。要彻底分清 lie 与 lay，最稳的办法是记住完整变位表，尤其防住最阴的一个陷阱——lie 作“撒谎”时是规则动词（lied），与作“躺／位于”时的 lie—lay—lain 完全不是一套变化： 动词 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 躺／位于 lie lay lain lying 无宾语 放／搁 lay laid laid laying 有宾语 撒谎 lie lied lied lying 规则变化 考场两判：区分 lie（躺）与 lay（放）看有无宾语——有宾语用 lay，无宾语用 lie；区分“躺”与“撒谎”看语义——撒谎时规则变化 lied。 4. 分数表达 Two-thirds of the people died。分数构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于 1 时分母加 s（two-thirds）。“分数／百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语单复数看 of 后名词：of the people（复数）→ 谓语复数；of the water（不可数）→ 谓语单数。 5. 震中三抓 震中段落信息最密集，读它别想着“多记几个点”，按“三抓”走更稳：一抓时间——圈定 At 3:42 a.m.，锁定事件发生的精确时间点；二抓虚拟——认出 as if...were 与现在事实相反，读出“看似毁灭、实则未真毁灭”的分寸；三抓数字——two-thirds、400,000、11 公里、150 公里、不到一分钟，这些数字大概率在说明破坏规模、伤亡程度或地理范围。 数字对应高考“例证题”（例：Why does the author mention the number 400,000?），按三步回位法：①定位数字出现句；②判断它论证的中心观点（数字是论据，不是论点）；③排除只复述数字本身、未指向观点的干扰项，选“说明规模／强调程度”这类指向观点的项。 六、第四读：震后段，从一片废墟到重新站起来（第 4、5、6 段） 震后三段“先抑后扬”：第 4 段写毁灭之彻底，第 5 段写救援之有力，第 6 段写重生之坚定。先摸清这条情绪线，答作者态度题就有了方向——总体“悲中带振，最终乐观”。 第 4 段的破折号（People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again）表补充说明：先抛状态（震惊），再引转折（又一场强震），一前一后把“雪上加霜”写透。 1. nothing but 与它的兄弟们 there was nothing but ruins＝只有、仅仅，≈only。理解它的关键是 but 在这里等于 except：nothing but＝no thing except＝除了……没有别的＝只有。同一个逻辑能推出另外两个：anything but＝绝不是（除了……什么都行，唯独不是它）；all but＝几乎（除了……全都有了，差一点就全）。 完形遇这三个，先看上下文是“肯定只剩这个”（nothing but）还是“否定这个”（anything but），再用 but＝except 的逻辑代进去检验，比背中文译法更稳。 2. 数字＋比喻写惨状 数字：75 percent...90 percent...all of its hospitals were gone——一组递进数字讲清城市被掏空；注意 gone 是形容词“没了”，不是被动语态。 比喻：Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. 读比喻要抓“像什么，又不像什么”：秋叶能吹走，砖块吹不走，一个 but 点出废墟之重。 高考考修辞，不在审美欣赏，而在“写作手法／目的”类题（例：Why does the author use the simile here?）。按四问自查：①本体是谁，喻体是谁？②喻体的特征是什么？③作者借这个特征想强调什么（此处强调废墟堆积之重、难以清除）？④排除只解释表面意象的干扰项。 3. 三个破坏词 damage 部分损坏、可修复；destroy 彻底摧毁、无法复原；ruin 成废墟、价值尽失。考场排除：有数值／百分比→destroy；宾语抽象→ruin；宾语可修复→damage。 4. 三个受伤词 injure 事故伤、较重但不致命；hurt 最宽泛，身心通用、可不及物（My leg hurts.）；wound 专指刀枪外伤。 5. 救援与重生词块 dig out（dug out，挖出）；trap（be trapped，被困）；bury（buried，埋葬）；shelter 名词“避难所”、动词“庇护”。revive＝复苏；get back up on its feet 是习语，引申为“从困境中恢复元气”。 6. shock 词族 in shock 是固定搭配。语法填空若给动词 shock，先判成分，再判语态，最后定词形：①句子里缺谓语还是缺非谓语？②缺谓语→判时态语态（was shocked，被动）；缺非谓语→判主动／被动（主动 shocking，被动 shocked）；③前面有介词（如 in）→填名词 shock。完整路径：判成分 → 判语态 → 判情感方向。 7. 灾难主题写作加分语料 写作可复用的词块：in ruins、be trapped、dig out、provide medical care、build shelters、revive、unify。示范句：After the earthquake, the whole city lay in ruins. Soldiers came to dig out the trapped. 七、语言点聚焦：定语从句——本单元的核心语法 课文里定语从句反复出现，是本单元核心语法。先看懂它是什么，再掌握一套“拿到就能做”的程序。 1. 一句话看懂 定语从句＝名词后跟一个以关系词开头的句子，用来说明这个名词“是哪一个、什么样的”。看课文原句：the one million people who thought little of these events were asleep——先行词是 people，关系词是 who，说明“是哪些人”（那些没把这些事当回事的人）。 2. 定从题四步走 拿到题别急着填，先按四步过一遍： ① 划先行词：先找关系词前面的名词／代词，它就是要被说明的对象； ② 判人还是物：先行词是人还是物？人走 who／whom／that，物走 which／that； ③ 看成份：关系词在从句里当主语、宾语、定语，还是时间／地点／原因状语？缺宾语→关系词常可省；作定语→只能用 whose； ④ 套表落笔：按第②③步的结论到下面的“选词总表”里取词。 3. 选词总表（关系代词＋关系副词） 关系词 先行词 在从句中作 课文例句 who 人 主语 the people who were trapped whom 人 宾语（常可省） the doctors (whom) the army sent which 物 主语／宾语 a quake which caused damage that 人／物 主语／宾语 those that were trapped whose 人／物 定语（所属） survivors whose homes were destroyed when 时间名词 时间状语 the day when the quake hit where 地点名词 地点状语 the factory where workers built shelters why the reason 原因状语 the reason why it was rebuilt 关系副词的本质是“介词＋which”的缩写：when＝at/in/on which，where＝in/at which，why＝for which。考场若在 when/where 与介词＋which 之间纠结，记住它们等价互换即可。 4. 非限制性定语从句 以逗号隔开的定语从句叫非限制性定语从句，它只是补充说明，删掉不影响主句完整。三条铁律：①关系词不可省略；②不用 that；③which 不指人（指人用 who/whom）。课文第 3 段 “one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century, a quake that even caused damage...” 里的 a quake that... 就是对前面事件的补充说明。 5. 六个高频易错陷阱 陷阱一：作宾语的关系词可省略。怎么看——先行词后直接跟“主语＋谓语”（没有关系词），说明关系词被省略了，如 the book（that/which）I bought yesterday。作主语绝不能省。 陷阱二：whose 也能指物。怎么看——先行词后出现“所属关系”（whose＋名词），无论人是物都能用，如 the city whose name means mountain hall。 陷阱三：that 与 which 不可互换的两种情况。①先行词被序数词、最高级、the only/the very 修饰时只用 that；②介词直接放在关系词前时只用 which（about which, in which），不用 that。 陷阱四：定从中的主谓一致。关系词作主语时，从句谓语单复数看先行词：the people who were killed（people 复数→were）；the number of people who were killed 里，从句看 people，主句看 the number（单数）。 陷阱五：whose 也能接抽象名词。whose 后除具体名词（homes、name）外，也常接抽象名词，表“……的”所属，如 the idea whose importance we ignore（其重要性被我们忽视的那个想法）。语法填空见 whose 后接名词，先考虑所属关系。 陷阱六：分隔式定语从句。先行词与关系词之间被其他成分（介词短语、定语、状语）隔开，别因隔断就误判先行词，如 the city of Tangshan, whose people suffered so much, was rebuilt（先行词是 Tangshan）。判断时先找关系词，再回看它真正的先行词。 6. 课文例句对号入座（教师版直接给出判断） ① the one million people who thought little of these events — 先行词 people（人），who 作主语。 ② dig out those who were trapped — 先行词 those（人），who 作主语。 ③ survivors whose homes had been destroyed — 先行词 survivors（人），whose 作定语（所属）。 ④ a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away — 先行词 a quake（物），that 作主语。 ⑤ doctors and nurses who came to provide medical care — 先行词 doctors and nurses（人），who 作主语。 7. 写作升级：定从与分词互换 写作里要写出高分句，常把定语从句压缩成分词短语：关系词作主语时，删去“who/which＋be”即可。 the people who were trapped → the people trapped（过去分词表被动） a soldier who is digging out survivors → a soldier digging out survivors（现在分词表主动） 两个简单句合并为定从：找出重复的名词，一个变先行词，另一个用关系词接上。 （本讲聚焦定语从句；名词性从句在后续讲次展开，此处不做混合辨析，以免与定从判断混淆。） 八、练一练：把读到的、学到的变成做题能力 共 45 题，分 6 组，按“单点直练—多维判断—语篇综合—推理挑战”递进：A 组词汇短语（基础）、B 组定语从句（中档）、C 组语法填空（综合）、D 组完形（综合）、E 组阅读（挑战）、F 组七选五（综合）。考点已标在题后，先独立完成，再对照解析核对思路，重点看“错项为什么错”。 A 组　词汇与短语（基础 ★，单一考点直接应用） 用所给词的适当形式或短语填空： 1. The whole city lay in ______ after the earthquake.（ruin）　考点：in＋名词 2. It seemed as if the world ______ coming to an end.（be）　考点：as if 虚拟 3. The number of people who were ______ in the quake was over 400,000.（injure）　考点：被动语态 变式（判断式，不给提示直接填空）： 4. Workers built ______ for the survivors.（用 shelter 的适当形式）　考点：名词数 5. Tangshan started to ______ and get back up on its feet.（用 revive 或它的名词形式，看空缺成分）　考点：词性判断 B 组　定语从句（中档 ★★，多维度判断） 用 that / which / who / whom / whose / when / where / why 填空，注意有的空需先判断“该不该填、作什么成分”： 6. The earthquake ______ hit Tangshan in 1976 was one of the most deadly in history.　考点：物作主语 7. The soldiers dug out the people ______ were trapped.　考点：人作主语 8. They built shelters for the survivors ______ homes were destroyed.　考点：whose 9. The city ______ name means “mountain hall” has been rebuilt.　考点：whose 指物 10. The doctors ______ came to Tangshan provided medical care.　考点：人作主语 11. He remembers the day ______ the big quake hit the city.　考点：时间状语（when） 12. This is the factory ______ workers built shelters after the quake.　考点：地点状语（where） 13. I don’t know the reason ______ the city was rebuilt so quickly.　考点：原因状语（why） 判断式（先判断该不该填）： 14. The book ______ I bought yesterday is about natural disasters.（填或不填）　考点：宾语关系词可省略 15. The man ______ is standing there is a doctor.（填或不填）　考点：主语关系词不可省 C 组　语篇型语法填空（综合 ★★，多考点融合） 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式： In the summer of 1976, a huge earthquake (16) ______ (strike) Tangshan. It seemed as if the world (17) ______ (be) coming to an end. In less than one minute, the whole city (18) ______ (lie) in ruins. Two-thirds of the people (19) ______ (kill) or badly injured. People were in shock, and many (20) ______ (survive) could not believe their eyes. But hope was not lost. The army sent soldiers (21) ______ (dig) out those who were trapped. Workers built shelters for (22) ______ (survive) whose homes had been destroyed. Slowly, the city began (23) ______ (breathe) again. Today, a new Tangshan (24) ______ (build) upon the ruins, and it has become home to more than seven million people. The disaster (25) ______ (teach) people to unify and stay positive in times of trouble. D 组　完形填空（综合 ★★★） 阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项： Shortly after midnight on 28 July 1976, the ground under Tangshan began to (26)____. In less than one minute, a city of one million people lay (27)____. Two-thirds of the residents were killed or injured. The quake was (28)____ — the most deadly of the 20th century. Survivors who crawled out of the ruins found a world (29)____ anything they had known. Bricks lay (30)____ red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Hospitals were gone; the injured had nowhere to go. People were (31)____, not knowing what to do next. But help was on the way. The army (32)____ 150,000 soldiers to dig out the trapped. Doctors and nurses (33)____ medical care. Workers built shelters for those (34)____ homes were destroyed. Slowly, hope returned, and the city began to (35)____ again. 26. A. fall　B. move　C. shake　D. break　考点：动词词义＋语境 27. A. dirt　B. pieces　C. parts　D. ruins　考点：固定搭配 in ruins 28. A. deadly　B. harmless　C. usual　D. gentle　考点：形容词词义 29. A. like　B. as　C. unlike　D. for　考点：介词与上下文对比 30. A. like　B. on　C. under　D. over　考点：比喻结构 like 31. A. at ease　B. in shock　C. in ruins　D. at peace　考点：固定搭配 32. A. asked　B. forced　C. ordered　D. sent　考点：动词搭配与语境 33. A. provided　B. accepted　C. received　D. refused　考点：动词搭配 provide 34. A. who　B. whose　C. which　D. whom　考点：定语从句 35. A. breathe　B. sleep　C. stop　D. worry　考点：习语 begin to breathe E 组　阅读理解（挑战 ★★★，推理与整合） Read the full text of The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep and choose the best answer. 36. What does the writer mainly want to show by listing the strange things in Paragraphs 1—2? A. That the people were too brave to leave the city B. That the animals were the first to feel the danger C. That the water in the wells was dangerous to drink D. That there were clear warning signs before the quake 37. Why does the author mention the number “400,000” in Paragraph 3? A. To show how big the city of Tangshan was B. To compare Tangshan with other cities C. To prove that the quake was extremely destructive D. To explain how the rescue teams worked 38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. All the hospitals were destroyed in the quake B. The earthquake lasted for more than one minute C. The army arrived before the second big quake D. Over 700,000 people now live in old Tangshan 39. The word revive in the last paragraph most probably means ______. A. to be completely destroyed B. to become larger in number C. to stay calm in danger D. to return to a strong and healthy state 40. What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of Tangshan? A. Doubtful　B. Indifferent　C. Hopeful　D. Worried F 组　七选五（综合 ★★★） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项： Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters. (41)____ Even in modern times, a single large quake can destroy a city in minutes. Scientists have long studied the warning signs before earthquakes. (42)____ For example, strange animal behaviour and changes in wells have been reported before many quakes. However, these signs are not reliable enough to predict exactly when or where a quake will strike. What matters most is preparation. (43)____ Schools and offices hold regular earthquake drills so that people know what to do when the ground begins to shake. After a quake, rescue and recovery are the priority. (44)____ Meanwhile, doctors treat the injured and workers rebuild homes and shelters. In the end, what an earthquake teaches us is not fear, but unity. (45)____ Just as the people of Tangshan proved, a community that stays united can rise again from the ruins. A. The army is often the first to dig out the trapped. B. Their power to destroy homes and lives is terrifying. C. Well-prepared communities recover far more quickly. D. Tangshan is now a home to more than seven million people. E. Animals have sometimes shown strange behaviour before quakes. F. People must unify and stay positive in times of disaster. G. Many quakes happen without any warning at all. 九、参考答案与解析 A 组 1. ruins　判定：in 后接名词，ruin 表“废墟”时常用复数 ruins，in ruins 是固定搭配。 2. were　判定：as if 表与现在事实相反用虚拟，be 一律用 were。干扰判断：若误答 was，是没识别“世界并未真毁灭”这一事实相反的前提。 3. injured　判定：were 后需过去分词构成被动语态。错项排查：injuring 是主动，与 were 不构成被动。 4. shelters　判定：build 后接名词，且为多处避难所，用复数。可数名词单数不能裸用。 5. revive　判定：started to 后接动词原形。注意 to 是不定式符号，不是介词，故不能用 reviving。 B 组 6. that/which　判定：先行词 earthquake 是物，作主语。排除 who/whom（是物）、whose（不缺定语）。 7. who/that　判定：先行词 people 是人，作主语。排除 whom（缺主语）、which（是人）。 8. whose　判定：homes 与 survivors 是所属关系（他们的家），作定语，用 whose。who/that 不能作定语。 9. whose　判定：先行词 city 是物，name 是“它的名字”，所属关系，whose 可指物。which/that 不表所属。 10. who/that　判定：先行词 doctors 是人，作主语。排除 whom（缺主语）、which（是人）。 11. when　判定：先行词 the day 是时间名词，从句缺时间状语，用 when（＝on which）。 12. where　判定：先行词 the factory 是地点名词，从句缺地点状语，用 where（＝in which）。 13. why　判定：先行词 the reason 表原因，从句缺原因状语，用 why（＝for which）。 14. （可省略）　判定：先行词 the book 是物，在从句中作 bought 的宾语，宾语关系词可省略。识别标志：先行词后直接跟主语 I。 15. 填 who/that　判定：先行词 the man 是人，在从句中作主语，主语关系词不可省略。识别标志：从句缺主语。 C 组 16. struck　判定：缺谓语，时态为一般过去时，strike 过去式 struck。 17. were　判定：as if 与现在事实相反，be 用 were（主语 world 单数也一律用 were）。 18. lay　判定：缺谓语，lie（躺/位于）过去式 lay，lie in ruins 是固定搭配。 19. were killed　判定：缺谓语，kill 与 people 是被动关系，一般过去时被动 were killed。 20. survivors　判定：作主语需名词，many 后接可数名词复数 survivors。 21. to dig　判定：send sb to do sth 不定式表目的，to dig。 22. survivors　判定：介词 for 后需名词，whose 先行词为复数名词 survivors。 23. to breathe　判定：begin to do sth，不定式 to breathe。 24. was built　判定：a new Tangshan 与 build 是被动关系，一般过去时被动 was built。 25. has taught／taught　判定：缺谓语，表“已造成的影响”可用现在完成时 has taught，也可用一般过去时 taught。 D 组 26. C　判定：ground 后接 shake（摇晃），与地震语境吻合。A fall 主语应为建筑物。 27. D　判定：lie in ruins 固定搭配“成废墟”。A dirt 语法不成立，B/C 无此搭配。 28. A　判定：deadly 致命的，对应后文“20 世纪最致命”。B harmless、C usual、D gentle 均与语境相反。 29. C　判定：a world unlike anything they had known＝一个他们从未见过的世界，unlike 表对比。A like 表相同，逻辑反。 30. A　判定：Bricks lay like red autumn leaves，like 表比喻“像”。其余介词不构成比喻。 31. B　判定：in shock 固定搭配“震惊中”，与“不知该怎么办”呼应。C in ruins 主语应是物。 32. D　判定：sent soldiers 派兵，与救援语境吻合。B forced、C ordered 语义偏命令，不符合。 33. A　判定：provided medical care 提供医疗，provide 固定搭配。B/C/D 方向反。 34. B　判定：先行词 those（人），homes 是“他们的家”，所属关系用 whose。A who 不作定语。 35. A　判定：begin to breathe again 习语“重新焕发生机”，对应前文 hope returned。B/C/D 与“hope returned”矛盾。 E 组 36. D　判定：列举反常现象是为了说明震前有清晰前兆（warning signs）。A 以偏概全（只说动物）；B 无原文依据；C 与“人们照常入睡”矛盾。 37. C　判定：400,000 是伤亡数字，作者举它证明地震破坏力之大（extremely destructive）。A 与数字无关；B 无比较对象；D 与救援无关。 38. A　判定：原文“all of its hospitals were gone”＝所有医院都被毁。B 与“less than one minute”冲突；C 军队震后才到，时间冲突；D 新唐山人口是七百多万，且是“new Tangshan”而非“old”。 39. D　判定：revive 的线索是下文 get back up on its feet（恢复元气）、a new Tangshan was built（重建），方向都是“恢复到强健状态”。A 与后文相反；B 指数量，无依据；C 与语境无关。 40. C　判定：态度题先划表价值判断的词（revive、improvements、brighter、unify 均褒义），褒多于贬→乐观（Hopeful）。A Doubtful、B Indifferent、D Worried 与褒义基调矛盾。 F 组 41. B　判定：空前说地震是最具破坏力的自然灾害之一，空后说单场大地震能在几分钟内摧毁一座城市，B“其摧毁家园和生命的力量令人恐惧”承上启下。 42. E　判定：空后举例“动物反常行为、水井变化”，E“动物有时在地震前表现出反常行为”引出例子，且与后文衔接。 43. C　判定：空后讲学校、办公室举行演练以便人们知道怎么做，C“准备充分的社区恢复得快得多”概括本段主旨“准备”（preparation）。 44. A　判定：空后“医生治疗伤者、工人重建家园”，与 A“军队往往最先挖出被困者”并列列举救援行动。 45. F　判定：空前“地震教会我们的不是恐惧而是团结”，F“灾难面前人们必须团结、保持积极”与主题一致，且呼应唐山人民。 （多余项 D、G：D 偏离“团结”主旨；G 与全文“准备与团结”主题不符。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $