内容正文:
人教英语七下Unit8语法讲解及习题:
一般现在时与一般过去时辨析
第一部分 语法精讲
一、两大时态核心用法对比
1. 一般现在时(常态、客观、规律)
核心用法:用于描述不受时间限制的客观真理、事物固有属性、经常性习惯性动作、书籍/故事的客观评价与固定设定。
例句:
1. 客观真理/自然规律:The moon goes around the earth.(月亮绕着地球转。)
2. 长期习惯动作:The little boy always helps small animals.(这个小男孩总是帮助小动物。)
3. 故事书籍客观评价:This fable teaches us a useful lesson.(这个寓言教会我们一个有用的道理。)
4. 角色固有常态行为:The fox is very clever in most stories.(在大多数故事里,狐狸都很聪明。)
高频标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, never(频率副词),无时间词的客观描述
2. 一般过去时(过去、单次、已结束)
核心用法:用于描述过去某一时间发生、已经结束的单次动作,或过去短暂存在的状态 。
例句:
1. 故事具体情节(单次动作):A mouse bit the net and saved the lion.(一只老鼠咬破网救了狮子。)
2. 过去短暂状态:The lion was very angry at that moment.(狮子那一刻非常愤怒。)
3. 过去单次经历:I read the story of The Emperor’s New Clothes last week.(我上周读了《皇帝的新装》的故事。)
高频标志词:once upon a time(从前)、one day、yesterday、last+时间、ago、then(那时)
二、完整句型结构对比
1. 肯定句结构
一般现在时
✅ 非三单主语(I/you/we/复数)+ 动词原形 例句:They like reading fables.(他们喜欢读寓言。)
✅ 三单主语(he/she/it/单数)+ 动词s/es 例句:The story tells us to be honest.(这个故事告诉我们要诚实。)
一般过去时
✅ 所有人称 + 动词过去式(无三单变化) 例句:The two brothers cheated the emperor.(两兄弟欺骗了皇帝。)
✅ be动词过去式:单数用was,复数用were 例句:The emperor was foolish.(皇帝很愚蠢。)
2. 否定句结构(高频易错)
一般现在时
✅ 非三单:主语+don’t+动词原形 例句:I don’t like sad stories.(我不喜欢悲伤的故事。)
✅ 三单:主语+doesn’t+动词原形(动词还原) 例句:The fox doesn’t trust others easily.(狐狸不会轻易相信别人。)
一般过去时
✅ 所有人称:主语+didn’t+动词原形(唯一结构) 例句:The mouse didn’t fear the big lion.(老鼠不害怕大狮子。)
✅ be动词否定:wasn’t/weren’t 例句:There weren’t any new clothes for the emperor.(皇帝没有新衣服。)
3. 一般疑问句结构
一般现在时
✅ 非三单:Do+主语+动词原形? 例句:Do you know this fable?(你知道这个寓言吗?)
✅ 三单:Does+主语+动词原形? 例句:Does the story have a happy ending?(这个故事有圆满的结局吗?)
一般过去时
✅ 所有人称:Did+主语+动词原形? 例句:Did the artist finish the painting quickly?(画家很快画完画了吗?)
4. 特殊疑问句结构
口诀:现在三单does,过去全用did,助动词出现,动词必还原
例句:What does the story mean?(这个故事是什么意思?)
例句:What did the boy do in the story?(故事里的小男孩做了什么?)
三、单元核心重难点:故事时态切换规则
1. 用一般现在时:评价故事、讲述故事道理、介绍书籍固定属性、角色常态特点
例句:This story is very educational.(这个故事很有教育意义。)
2. 用一般过去时:讲述故事具体情节、人物单次动作、过去瞬间状态
例句:One day, the lion met a small mouse in the forest.(有一天,狮子在森林里遇到了一只小老鼠。)
四、单元高频动词变形(规则+不规则)
1. 规则变形:ask→asked、answer→answered、paint→painted、smile→smiled、promise→promised
2. 不规则必考变形:bite→bit、take→took、say→said、grow→grew、lie(撒谎)→lied
五、高频易错点汇总
1. did/doesn’t/does 后必须用动词原形,严禁使用三单或过去式;
2. 故事评价用现在时,故事情节用过去时,禁止时态混用;
3. lie 区分记忆:撒谎→lied(规则),躺→lay(不规则);
4. 一般过去时实义动词无三单变化,所有人称变形一致。
第二部分 专项练习题
题型一:单项选择
1. ______ you learn this fable in your English class yesterday?
A. Do B. Did C. Are D. Were
2. This story ______ us to be kind to others. It’s a good lesson.
A. tell B. tells C. told D. telling
3. One day, a little mouse ______ a big lion in the green forest.
A. meet B. meets C. met D. will meet
4. The little animal ______ afraid of the big tiger, so it ran away quickly.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
5. My father usually ______ stories to me before bedtime, but he ______ a new story last night.
A. tell; tell B. tells; told C. told; tells D. tells; tell
6. —What ______ the lion ______ at that time? —He waited for help.
A. do; do B. does; do C. did; do D. did; does
7. The two men ______ to the king. They were not honest.
A. lie B. lies C. lied D. lying
8. Generally, summer ______ hot, but last summer ______ cool in our city.
A. is; was B. was; is C. is; is D. was; was
9. The artist ______ a wonderful horse for the king just now.
A. paint B. paints C. painted D. painting
10. —Does the story have a happy ending? —No, it ______.
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. didn’t D. wasn’t
题型二:动词适当形式填空
1. This fable ________ (teach) us not to look down on small people.
2. Once upon a time, a clever girl ________ (save) a little bird.
3. The king ________ (not know) the truth at that moment.
4. My sister often ________ (read) storybooks on weekends.
5. The mouse ________ (bite) the rope and helped the rabbit out yesterday.
6. —What ________ you ________ (do) last Sunday? —I read fairy tales.
7. The old man ________ (promise) to keep his word in the story.
8. Water ________ (be) important for all living things.(客观真理)
题型三:时态辨析选词填空
从 is / was / tell / tells / told 中选词填空,每词可适当复用。
1. This story ________ very interesting and meaningful.
2. He ________ me a funny fable yesterday afternoon.
3. My grandpa always ________ old stories for me.
4. The weather ________ fine yesterday, so we read stories in the park.
5. Authors usually ________ stories to show their ideas.
题型四:句型转换
1. The story tells us a great lesson.(改为一般疑问句)
_____________________________________________________________________
2. He read a fairy tale last night.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
3. The mouse helped the poor cat.(对划线动作提问)
_____________________________________________________________________
4. This book is very educational.(改为一般疑问句并否定回答)
_____________________________________________________________________
5. People usually learn lessons from fables.(改为一般疑问句)
_____________________________________________________________________
6. The king grew angry after waiting long.(对划线时间提问)
_____________________________________________________________________
7. She tells stories to her little brother every day.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
题型五:句子改错
找出句中唯一错误,写出完整正确句子。
1. Did he told you the new story yesterday?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. This story don’t have a sad ending. It is happy.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. One day, the lion meet a mouse and became friendly.
_____________________________________________________________________
第三部分 参考答案与解析
题型一:单项选择
1. B
解析:yesterday 为一般过去时标志,实义动词一般疑问句用Did开头。
2. B
解析:讲述故事固有属性,用一般现在时,主语this story为三单,动词变tells。
3. C
解析:One day 讲述过往故事情节,用一般过去时,meet不规则变形met。
4. B
解析:后半句ran为过去式,时态统一,主语单数,be动词用was。
5. B
解析:usually常态用一般现在时三单tells;last night过去时间用过去式told。
6. C
解析:at that time指代过去时刻,过去时疑问句用did,后接动词原形do。
7. C
解析:后句were提示过去时态,lie(撒谎)过去式为lied。
8. A
解析:前半句客观常态用一般现在时is;后半句last summer过去时间用was。
9. C
解析:just now刚才,过去时标志,paint规则变化加ed。
10. B
解析:Does引导的一般现在时疑问句,否定回答统一用doesn’t。
题型二:动词填空
1. teaches
解析:讲述寓言固有道理,一般现在时,主语三单变形。
2. saved
解析:Once upon a time从前,过去时,save直接加ed。
3. didn’t know
解析:at that moment过去语境,过去时否定用didn’t+动词原形。
4. reads
解析:often经常性动作,一般现在时,主语三单变形。
5. bit
解析:yesterday过去时,bite不规则过去式bit。
6. did; do
解析:last Sunday过去时间,疑问句借助did,动词用原形。
7. promised
解析:讲述故事过往情节,动词用过去式。
8. is
解析:客观真理永恒成立,始终用一般现在时。
题型三:选词填空
1. is
解析:评价故事属性,一般现在时,主语单数用is。
2. told
解析:yesterday过去时间,用tell的过去式told。
3. tells
解析:always常态动作,一般现在时,主语三单。
4. was
解析:yesterday过去状态,be动词用was。
5. tell
解析:usually常态,主语authors复数,用动词原形。
题型四:句型转换
1. 答案:Does the story tell us a great lesson?
解析:一般现在时三单主语,疑问用Does,动词还原原形tell。
2. 答案:He didn’t read a fairy tale last night.
解析:过去时实义动词否定,didn’t+动词原形read。
3. 答案:What did the mouse do?
解析:对动作提问用What,过去时借助did,动词还原do。
4. 答案:—Is this book very educational? —No, it isn’t.
解析:be动词一般现在时疑问,直接提前,问答时态一致。
5. 答案:Do people usually learn lessons from fables?
解析:一般现在时复数主语,疑问用Do,动词用原形。
6. 答案:When did the king grow angry?
解析:对时间提问用When,过去时借助did,动词还原grow。
7. 答案:She doesn’t tell stories to her little brother every day.
解析:一般现在时三单否定,doesn’t+动词原形。
题型五:句子改错
1. 改正:Did he tell you the new story yesterday?
解析:Did为助动词,后必须接动词原形,told改为tell。
2. 改正:This story doesn’t have a sad ending. It is happy.
解析:主语三单,一般现在时否定用doesn’t,不用don’t。
3. 改正:One day, the lion met a mouse and became friendly.
解析:One day讲述过去情节,动词用过去式met,时态统一。
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