2026年中考英语被动语态专项训练

**基本信息** 以“定义-结构-考点-应用”为逻辑主线，通过口诀、公式、记忆表系统提炼被动语态解题方法，覆盖中考核心考点与易错点，提升语言应用与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考点精讲|6大考点（含8种时态/3类特殊结构）|三步转换法、万能公式、特殊结构口诀、不规则分词分组记忆|从基础定义（be+过去分词）到时态对应，再到特殊结构（双宾语/感官动词/短语动词）及易错点（不及物动词无被动等）层层递进| |专项训练|6类题型（36单选+20填空+12转换+12翻译+4语篇+12改错）|主动变被动操作流程、语篇语境分析、错题归因策略|从单一句型转换到综合语篇应用，实现知识迁移与应试能力提升|

被动语态专练（初中） 一、什么是被动语态 简单来说：语态=表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系。主语"做"动作是主动，主语"被"做动作是被动。 主动语态（主语是动作的执行者）：Many people speak English. 许多人说英语。 被动语态（主语是动作的承受者）：English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人说。 一句话总结：主语承受动作，谓语就要用被动语态，结构是 be + 及物动词的过去分词。 结构公式：be + 过去分词（p.p.） + (by + 动作执行者) 例句：The window was broken by Tom. 窗户被汤姆打破了。 分析：the window 是承受者，was broken 是被动语态，by Tom 表示动作执行者。 核心口诀：变被动，三步走——宾变主，主变宾，动词改成 be + p.p. 主动变被动的三步操作 原句（主动）：Tom broke the window yesterday. 汤姆昨天打破了窗户。 第一步：把宾语 the window 提前作主语； 第二步：把谓语 broke 变为 was broken（时态保持过去，主语单数用 was）； 第三步：原主语 Tom 变为 by Tom 放句末（可省略）。 结果（被动）：The window was broken by Tom yesterday. 窗户昨天被汤姆打破了。 中考必考三考点：时态对应 + 特殊结构 + 主谓一致 二、被动语态考点精讲 考点1：八种时态的被动语态形式（最高频） 万能公式：把主动语态中的"实义动词"换成 be，再加上过去分词。 1. 一般现在时被动：am / is / are + p.p. 例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫。 例句：These books are written in English. 这些书是用英语写的。 2. 一般过去时被动：was / were + p.p. 例句：The bridge was built in 1998. 这座桥建于1998年。 例句：The trees were planted last spring. 这些树是去年春天种的。 3. 一般将来时被动：will be + p.p. 例句：A new hospital will be built here. 这里将建一所新医院。 例句：The problem will be solved soon. 这个问题很快就会被解决。 4. be going to 被动：be going to be + p.p. 例句：The meeting is going to be held tomorrow. 会议明天将要举行。 5. 现在进行时被动：am / is / are being + p.p. 例句：The road is being repaired now. 这条路正在被修理。 例句：A new bridge is being built over the river. 一座新桥正在河上修建。 6. 过去进行时被动：was / were being + p.p. 例句：The house was being painted when I arrived. 我到时房子正在被粉刷。 7. 现在完成时被动：have / has been + p.p. 例句：The work has been finished already. 工作已经完成了。 例句：Many trees have been planted since 2020. 自2020年以来已经种了许多树。 8. 含情态动词的被动：情态动词 + be + p.p. 例句：The homework must be handed in on time. 作业必须按时上交。 例句：This book can be borrowed for two weeks. 这本书可以借两周。 例句：Trees should be planted every spring. 每年春天都应该植树。 记忆表：is done / was done / will be done / is being done / has been done / can be done。 考点2：不能用被动语态的情况（易错点） 死规则：只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词绝对没有被动语态。 1. 常见不及物动词：happen, take place, break out, come true, belong to, last, appear, arrive ❌ 错：An accident was happened yesterday. √ 对：An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。 ❌ 错：My dream was come true. √ 对：My dream came true. 我的梦想实现了。 2. 表示状态的动词：have（有）, fit, cost, last, suit ❌ 错：A car is had by him. √ 对：He has a car. 他有一辆车。 口诀：发生、爆发、实现、属于，不及物动词无被动。 考点3：三大特殊结构（中考区分度最高） 1. 双宾语的被动（give / send / tell / show / teach / lend / pass） 主动：My father gave me a present. 爸爸给了我一件礼物。 被动一（间接宾语作主语）：I was given a present by my father. 我被爸爸送了一件礼物。 被动二（直接宾语作主语）：A present was given to me by my father. 一件礼物被爸爸送给了我。 注意：物作主语时，人前面要加介词 to 或 for。 例句：A new bike was bought for him. 一辆新自行车被买给了他。 2. 感官动词与使役动词的被动（省略的 to 要还原） 主动省 to，被动加 to：see / hear / watch / notice / make / feel 主动：I saw him enter the room. 我看见他进了房间。 被动：He was seen to enter the room. 有人看见他进了房间。 主动：The teacher made us clean the classroom. 老师让我们打扫教室。 被动：We were made to clean the classroom. 我们被要求打扫教室。 牢记：变被动时，被省略的 to 必须还原！这是中考选择题的经典陷阱。 3. 短语动词的被动（介词/副词不能丢） 常见短语：look after（照顾）、take care of（照料）、laugh at（嘲笑）、talk about（谈论）、pay attention to（注意）、put off（推迟）、turn on（打开） 主动：They looked after the baby well. 他们把婴儿照顾得很好。 被动：The baby was looked after well. 婴儿被照顾得很好。 例句：The meeting was put off because of the rain. 会议因雨推迟了。 例句：He was laughed at by his classmates. 他被同学们嘲笑了。 易错点：短语动词的介词或副词绝不能省略，否则句意不完整。 考点4：主谓一致与 by 短语 死规则：被动语态中 be 动词的单复数，由新主语（原宾语）决定。 例句：The book is read by many students. 这本书被许多学生阅读。 例句：The books are read by many students. 这些书被许多学生阅读。 by 短语的省略：当动作执行者是 people, someone, they 等泛指或不重要、不知道时，通常省略 by 短语。 例句：Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。（不必说谁种） 例句：The thief was caught last night. 小偷昨晚被抓住了。（不必说谁抓） by 与 with 的区别：by 后接动作执行者；with 后接工具或材料。 例句：The letter was written by Tom with a pen. 这封信是汤姆用钢笔写的。 考点5：主动形式表被动意义（高分点） 1. 系动词 + 形容词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel 例句：The cake tastes delicious. 蛋糕尝起来很美味。 2. 表示主语属性的动词：sell, wash, write, read, open 例句：The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 例句：This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布很好洗。 3. need / want / require + doing = need to be done 例句：The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 4. be worth doing（值得被……） 例句：The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。 考点6：中考高频不规则动词过去分词速记 被动语态的关键在于过去分词，下面按变化规律分组记忆，中考几乎每年都考。 1. AAA 型（原形、过去式、过去分词同形） cut－cut－cut（切）　put－put－put（放）　let－let－let（让）　cost－cost－cost（花费） hurt－hurt－hurt（伤害）　read－read－read（读，读音变化）　set－set－set（设置） 例句：The tree was cut down last week. 这棵树上周被砍掉了。 2. ABA 型（原形与过去分词同形） come－came－come（来）　become－became－become（变成）　run－ran－run（跑） 例句：His face has become red. 他的脸变红了。 3. ABB 型（过去式与过去分词同形） build－built－built（建造）　teach－taught－taught（教）　buy－bought－bought（买） catch－caught－caught（抓）　bring－brought－brought（带来）　think－thought－thought（想） send－sent－sent（送）　spend－spent－spent（花费）　keep－kept－kept（保持） leave－left－left（离开）　lose－lost－lost（丢失）　find－found－found（找到） 例句：The lost wallet was found by a kind man. 丢失的钱包被一位好心人找到了。 4. ABC 型（三者各不相同，最易失分） write－wrote－written（写）　speak－spoke－spoken（说）　break－broke－broken（打破） take－took－taken（拿）　give－gave－given（给）　eat－ate－eaten（吃） see－saw－seen（看见）　know－knew－known（知道）　grow－grew－grown（种植） choose－chose－chosen（选择）　drive－drove－driven（驾驶）　steal－stole－stolen（偷） 例句：The song was written by a young musician. 这首歌是一位年轻音乐家写的。 例句：My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 背诵建议：每天背 10 个，按"ABC 型优先"的顺序，因为它们最容易在被动语态中失分。 三、中考高频易错点总结 1. 被动语态的核心是 be + 过去分词，be 的形式随时态和主语变化，过去分词永远不变； 2. 不及物动词无被动：happen, take place, come true, belong to 等； 3. 感官、使役动词变被动时，省略的 to 必须还原； 4. 短语动词变被动时，介词、副词一个都不能少； 5. 双宾语变被动有两种写法，物作主语时人前加 to / for； 6. 情态动词的被动是 情态动词 + be + p.p.，切勿漏掉 be； 7. 谓语单复数看新主语，不要看 by 后面的名词。 四、专项随堂训练 题型一：单项选择（每小题 2 分，共 36 小题） 1. English ___ in many countries. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. is speaking 2. The classroom ___ every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 3. The bridge ___ two years ago. A. builds B. is built C. was built D. has built 4. A new library ___ in our school next year. A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. builds 5. The homework must ___ before class. A. finish B. be finished C. finished D. finishing 6. An accident ___ on this road last night. A. was happened B. happened C. is happened D. happens 7. The baby ___ well by her grandmother. A. looks after B. is looked after C. is looked D. looked after 8. The road ___ now. We have to take another way. A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. repairs D. repaired 9. The work ___ already. You needn't worry. A. has finished B. has been finished C. is finishing D. finished 10. He was seen ___ the classroom just now. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered 11. We were made ___ the room after school. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 12. A present ___ to me by my uncle. A. was given B. gave C. is giving D. give 13. My dream ___ at last. A. was come true B. came true C. is come true D. comes true 14. These books ___ in the library. A. can borrow B. can be borrowed C. borrows D. is borrowed 15. The letter was written ___ a pen ___ Tom. A. by; with B. with; by C. by; by D. with; with 16. This kind of book ___ well. A. is sold B. sells C. sold D. is selling 17. The meeting ___ off because of the heavy rain. A. put B. was put C. is putting D. puts 18. Trees ___ every spring in our city. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. are planting 19. The window ___ by Tom yesterday. A. is broken B. was broken C. broke D. breaks 20. Many trees ___ since 2018. A. were planted B. have been planted C. planted D. are planting 21. The bike needs ___. A. repair B. repairing C. to repair D. repaired 22. He ___ at by his classmates yesterday. A. laughed B. was laughed C. is laughed D. laughs 23. The Great Wall ___ by people all over the world. A. visits B. is visited C. visited D. is visiting 24. The sports meeting ___ next Friday. A. is going to hold B. is going to be held C. holds D. held 25. This book ___ to Lucy. Please give it back to her. A. is belonged B. belongs C. was belonged D. belonging 26. Attention must ___ to your handwriting. A. pay B. be paid C. paid D. paying 27. Rice ___ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. grew D. is growing 28. The house ___ when I passed by. A. was painting B. was being painted C. painted D. is painted 29. The film is worth ___. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. seen 30. The children ___ to sing an English song. A. were taught B. taught C. teach D. are teaching 31. The old man ___ good care of by the nurses. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. is taking 32. Nothing ___ about the matter so far. A. is said B. has been said C. said D. says 33. This kind of cloth ___ easily. A. is washed B. washes C. washed D. is washing 34. The lost dog ___ at last. A. found B. was found C. is finding D. finds 35. A lot of money ___ on books every year. A. spends B. is spent C. spent D. is spending 36. The problem ___ in a few days. A. will solve B. will be solved C. solves D. solved 题型二：单句语法填空（用所给动词的正确形式填空，共 20 小题） 1. The window ________ (break) by the naughty boy yesterday. 2. English ________ (speak) by more and more people now. 3. A new school ________ (build) in our town next year. 4. The homework must ________ (hand) in before Friday. 5. The old man ________ (look) after well by his children. 6. An accident ________ (happen) on the road last night. 7. The classroom ________ (clean) twice a day. 8. The bridge ________ (build) in 2005. 9. He was made ________ (work) for ten hours a day. 10. Many trees ________ (plant) since last year. 11. The road ________ (repair) now, so we must go another way. 12. This kind of car ________ (sell) very well. 13. My bike needs ________ (mend). 14. The books ________ (not allow) to be taken out of the room. 15. The boy was seen ________ (play) football on the playground. 16. Attention should ________ (pay) to your spelling. 17. The meeting ________ (hold) next Monday. 18. Rice ________ (grow) in southern China. 19. The work ________ (finish) already. 20. This book ________ (belong) to my sister. 题型三：句型转换（主动变被动，共 12 小题） 1. They clean the classroom every day. → ________________________________________________ 2. Tom broke the cup yesterday. → ________________________________________________ 3. We will finish the work tomorrow. → ________________________________________________ 4. You must hand in your homework on time. → ________________________________________________ 5. Someone is repairing the computer. → ________________________________________________ 6. They have built a new hospital in our city. → ________________________________________________ 7. My mother gave me a nice gift.（两种写法） → ________________________________________________ 8. The nurses take good care of the patients. → ________________________________________________ 9. I saw him cross the street. → ________________________________________________ 10. The teacher made the students copy the text. → ________________________________________________ 11. People speak English all over the world. → ________________________________________________ 12. They put off the sports meeting. → ________________________________________________ 题型四：句子翻译（共 12 小题） 1. 这座桥是十年前建成的。 2. 教室每天都被学生打扫。 3. 这些书不允许被带出图书馆。 4. 一所新医院将在这里建成。 5. 作业必须按时上交。 6. 那个婴儿被他的奶奶照顾得很好。 7. 有人看见他昨天进了商店。 8. 我们被要求每天读半小时英语。 9. 运动会因大雨被推迟了。 10. 自2019年以来已经种下了很多树。 11. 这种手机很畅销。 12. 应当注意你的书写。 题型五：中考综合语篇语法填空（中考仿真改编版） 要求：用括号内动词的正确形式填空，注意语态与时态。 语篇一（基础巩固） Our school 1.___ (build) in 1990. Every morning the classrooms 2.___ (clean) by students on duty. Last week a new library 3.___ (open) to all of us. Many new books 4.___ (buy) for the students. We are told that a new playground 5.___ (build) next year. 参考译文：我们学校建于1990年。每天早晨教室由值日生打扫。上周一座新图书馆向我们全体开放。学校为学生们买了很多新书。我们被告知明年将建一个新操场。 语篇二（中档拔高） Yesterday an accident 1.___ (happen) near our school. A little boy 2.___ (hit) by a car. Luckily, he 3.___ (send) to hospital at once and 4.___ (take) good care of by the nurses. Now he is much better. The driver 5.___ (must punish) for his careless driving. 参考译文：昨天在我们学校附近发生了一起事故。一个小男孩被汽车撞了。幸运的是，他立刻被送往医院，并得到护士们的悉心照料。现在他好多了。那位司机因粗心驾驶必须受到惩罚。 语篇三（中考仿真） Water 1.___ (need) by everyone, but it 2.___ (waste) badly in many places. Rivers 3.___ (pollute) by factories every year. We think something 4.___ (must do) to stop it. If everyone takes action, our environment 5.___ (protect) well in the future. 参考译文：每个人都需要水，但在许多地方水被严重浪费。河流每年都被工厂污染。我们认为必须采取措施来制止这种现象。如果人人行动起来，将来我们的环境就会得到很好的保护。 语篇四（能力提升） Paper 1.___ (invent) in China about two thousand years ago. Before that, words 2.___ (write) on bamboo. Today paper 3.___ (use) everywhere in our daily life. However, a lot of trees 4.___ (cut) down to make paper every year. Therefore, waste paper 5.___ (should recycle) as much as possible. 参考译文：纸大约在两千年前发明于中国。在那之前，文字被写在竹子上。今天纸被用于我们日常生活的方方面面。然而，每年都有大量树木被砍伐用来造纸。因此，废纸应尽可能地被回收利用。 题型六：单句改错（找出并改正一处错误，共 12 小题） 1. The window was broke by the boy. ____________ 2. An accident was happened last night. ____________ 3. The baby is looked well by her mother. ____________ 4. He was seen enter the room. ____________ 5. The homework must finished before Friday. ____________ 6. This book belongs to be Lucy. ____________ 7. A new school will built here next year. ____________ 8. The books is read by many students. ____________ 9. My dream was came true at last. ____________ 10. The road is repairing now. ____________ 11. We were made clean the classroom. ____________ 12. The letter was written by a pen. ____________ 参考答案 题型一：单项选择答案 1. B 解析：English 是动作承受者，一般现在时被动。 2. B 解析：every day 提示一般现在时被动。 3. C 解析：two years ago 提示一般过去时被动。 4. B 解析：next year 提示一般将来时被动 will be built。 5. B 解析：情态动词 must + be + p.p.。 6. B 解析：happen 是不及物动词，无被动。 7. B 解析：短语动词 look after 的被动形式。 8. B 解析：now 提示现在进行时被动 is being repaired。 9. B 解析：already 提示现在完成时被动。 10. B 解析：see 变被动时省略的 to 要还原。 11. B 解析：make 变被动时省略的 to 要还原。 12. A 解析：物作主语的双宾语被动，用 was given to me。 13. B 解析：come true 是不及物短语，无被动。 14. B 解析：情态动词 can + be + p.p.。 15. B 解析：with 接工具，by 接执行者。 16. B 解析：sell 主动形式表被动意义，意为"畅销"。 17. B 解析：put off 的被动形式，副词 off 不能丢。 18. B 解析：树是被种的，一般现在时被动。 19. B 解析：yesterday 提示一般过去时被动。 20. B 解析：since 2018 提示现在完成时被动。 21. B 解析：need doing 主动表被动，等于 need to be repaired。 22. B 解析：laugh at 的被动形式，介词 at 保留。 23. B 解析：长城被参观，一般现在时被动。 24. B 解析：be going to be + p.p.。 25. B 解析：belong to 无被动语态。 26. B 解析：pay attention to 的被动，must be paid。 27. B 解析：水稻是被种植的，一般现在时被动。 28. B 解析：过去进行时被动 was being painted。 29. B 解析：be worth doing 主动表被动。 30. A 解析：孩子们被教唱歌，一般过去时被动。 31. B 解析：take good care of 的被动形式。 32. B 解析：so far 提示现在完成时被动。 33. B 解析：wash 主动形式表被动意义。 34. B 解析：狗被找到，一般过去时被动。 35. B 解析：钱被花费，一般现在时被动。 36. B 解析：in a few days 提示将来时被动。 题型二：单句语法填空答案 1. was broken（一般过去时被动） 2. is spoken（一般现在时被动） 3. will be built（一般将来时被动） 4. be handed（情态动词 + be + p.p.） 5. is looked（短语动词 look after 的被动） 6. happened（不及物动词无被动） 7. is cleaned（一般现在时被动） 8. was built（一般过去时被动） 9. to work（make 变被动还原 to） 10. have been planted（现在完成时被动） 11. is being repaired（现在进行时被动） 12. sells（主动表被动） 13. mending（need doing 主动表被动） 14. are not allowed（一般现在时被动否定） 15. to play / playing（see 变被动还原 to） 16. be paid（情态动词 + be + p.p.） 17. will be held（一般将来时被动） 18. is grown（一般现在时被动） 19. has been finished（现在完成时被动） 20. belongs（belong to 无被动） 题型三：句型转换答案 1. The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫。 2. The cup was broken by Tom yesterday. 杯子昨天被汤姆打破了。 3. The work will be finished tomorrow. 工作明天将被完成。 4. Your homework must be handed in on time. 你的作业必须按时上交。 5. The computer is being repaired. 电脑正在被修理。 6. A new hospital has been built in our city. 我们市已建成一所新医院。 7. I was given a nice gift by my mother. A nice gift was given to me by my mother. 8. The patients are taken good care of by the nurses. 病人们被护士照顾得很好。 9. He was seen to cross the street. 有人看见他过了马路。 10. The students were made to copy the text. 学生们被要求抄写课文。 11. English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都说英语。 12. The sports meeting was put off. 运动会被推迟了。 题型四：句子翻译答案 1. The bridge was built ten years ago. 2. The classroom is cleaned by students every day. 3. These books are not allowed to be taken out of the library. 4. A new hospital will be built here. 5. The homework must be handed in on time. 6. The baby is well looked after by his grandmother. 7. He was seen to enter the shop yesterday. 8. We are asked to read English for half an hour every day. 9. The sports meeting was put off because of the heavy rain. 10. Many trees have been planted since 2019. 11. This kind of mobile phone sells well. 12. Attention should be paid to your handwriting. 题型五：语篇语法填空答案 语篇一答案 1. was built 2. are cleaned 3. was opened 4. were bought 5. will be built 语篇二答案 1. happened 2. was hit 3. was sent 4. was taken 5. must be punished 语篇三答案 1. is needed 2. is wasted 3. are polluted 4. must be done 5. will be protected 语篇四答案 1. was invented 2. were written 3. is used 4. are cut 5. should be recycled 题型六：单句改错答案 1. broke → broken 解析：被动语态用过去分词。 2. 去掉 was 解析：happen 无被动语态。 3. looked → looked after 解析：短语动词介词不能丢。 4. enter → to enter 解析：see 变被动要还原 to。 5. finished → be finished 解析：情态动词后需加 be。 6. 去掉 be 解析：belong to 无被动语态。 7. built → be built 解析：will 后需加 be。 8. is → are 解析：主语 The books 是复数。 9. 去掉 was 解析：come true 无被动语态。 10. is repairing → is being repaired 解析：路是被修的。 11. clean → to clean 解析：make 变被动要还原 to。 12. by → with 解析：钢笔是工具，用 with。 五、满分提醒 1. 判断是否用被动，只需问一句：主语是"做"还是"被做"？ 2. 变被动的顺序是先定时态，再定 be 的形式，最后加过去分词，切勿颠倒； 3. 不规则动词的过去分词表必须背熟，这是被动语态得分的基础； 4. 说明文、科普文与新闻报道中被动语态出现频率极高，阅读时要主动识别； 5. 书面表达中介绍学校、家乡、传统文化时使用被动语态，能有效提升表达的正式度。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $