Unit8 单元讲义2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语单元复习讲义以“现在完成时（II）”为核心，通过对比表格系统梳理延续性动词与瞬间动词的用法差异，用转换对照表清晰呈现瞬间动词变延续性动词的规则，分课时整合重点短语、词汇讲解与课文语境，构建“语法-词汇-语用”递进的知识脉络，突出动词时态转换这一重难点。 讲义亮点在于“语法专练+即学即练”的分层设计，如通过“用since/for填空”“完成译句”等题型巩固语法，结合语境完成文段的练习培养语言运用能力，词汇讲解中对比provide/offer等用法培养思维品质。基础题帮助学生掌握规则，综合题提升语用能力，为教师实施精准教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

Unit 8 Making a Difference 单元语法专题: 现在完成时 (II) 一、延续性动词 1. 特点：表示可以持续一段时间的动作或状态。 2. 用法：用于现在完成时，直接表示动作或状态从过去某一刻开始，一直持续到现在或将持续下去。 3. 时间状语：常与表示“一段时间”的状语连用，如 for、since。 ① I have lived here for ten years. ② She has worked in the company since 2020. 4. for 和 since 的用法： 词汇 词性 含义 后续内容 例句 for 介词 表示“长达……”，指一段时间。 一段时间 I have lived here for five years. since 介词/连词 表示“自从……以来”，指时间的起点。对其提问用“how long”。 一个时间点 I have lived here since five years ago. 二、瞬间动词（非延续性动词） 1. 特点：表示瞬间完成、无法持续的动作。 2. 用法：可以用于现在完成时，表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的结果或影响。 3. 常见瞬间动词：buy、die、join、leave、come、go、begin、borrow、lend、marry、open、close、arrive 等。 ① He has joined the army.（正确） ② He has joined the army for two years.（错误） 【注意】在否定句中，瞬间动词可以与 for/since 短语连用。 I haven't bought any new clothes since last year. 我从去年起就没买过新衣服了。 三、瞬间动词转换为延续性动词 为了解决瞬间动词在肯定句中不能与“一段时间”连用的问题，我们需要将其转换为相应的延续性动词或表示状态的短语。以下是一些常见的转换对照表： 瞬间动词 延续性动词（结构） 例句 borrow（借入） keep（保管） She has kept this book for three weeks. buy（购买） have（拥有） He has had this bike for two years. arrive/come/go/reach（到达/来/去/抵达） be in/at（在……） My mum has been in Beijing for two months. leave（离开） be away (from)（离开……） They have been away from home for two days. begin/start（开始） be on（在进行中） The film has been on for an hour. finish/end/stop（结束/停止） be over（结束了） The meeting has been over for two hours. die（去世） be dead（已故的） The lamb has been dead for some time. join（加入） be in/be a member of（是……的一员） Simon has been a member of the club since last year. become（成为） be（是） How long has your sister been a teacher? open（打开） be open（开着的） The shop has been open for ten hours. close（关闭） be closed（关闭的） The market has been closed since 2010. fall asleep（入睡） be asleep（睡着的） The dog has been asleep for several hours. catch a cold（患感冒） have a cold（患着感冒） How long have you had a cold? get married（结婚） be married（已婚的） They have been married for fifteen years. come back（回来） be back（回来了的） Their cat has been back since last night. ✎ 【语法专练】 I. 根据所给提示，完成句子。 1. I haven't seen him since yesterday.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ haven't you seen him? 2. She has been a member of the club for two years.（改为同义句） She ________ the club two years ________. 3. That shop has been closed for two months.（改为同义句） That shop has been closed ________ two months ________. 4. 会议已经结束一个小时了。（完成译句） The meeting has ________ ________ for an hour. 5. 这本书我借了两周了。（完成译句） I ________ ________ this book for two weeks. 6. 我拥有这台电脑已经三年了。（完成译句） I ________ ________ this computer since three years ago. 7. 这部电影已经开始20分钟了。（完成译句） The movie has ________ ________ for twenty minutes. 8. 他的爷爷已经去世十年了。（完成译句） His grandfather has ________ ________ for ten years. 9. 他们离开家乡很久了。（完成译句） They have ________ ________ from their hometown for a long time. 10. 他们结婚二十年了。（完成译句） They've ________ ________ for twenty years. II. 用 since 或 for 填空。 1. He has lived here ________ 2008. 2. She has been a teacher ________ ten years. 3. They have been married ________ five years ago. 4. They have been friends ________ they were five. 5. The library has been closed ________ last month. 6. My parents have worked in this factory ________ a long time. 7. Nothing has been the same ________ you left. 8. The train has been away ________ fifteen minutes. III. 语法选择。 I started collecting stamps when I was in primary school. My uncle ___1___ me my first album（集邮簿）as a birthday gift. He ___2___ for ten years, and his wife often helps me find special stamps. Since I started this hobby, I ___3___ stamps from over twenty countries. I ___4___ at least three online stamp collectors' clubs so far. The members there are very friendly and knowledgeable. Looking at my growing collection today, I realize this is more than just a hobby. It has connected me with different cultures and wonderful people around the world ___5___ I began this hobby. ( ) 1. A. gave B. have given C. was giving ( ) 2. A. has married B. has been married C. married ( ) 3. A. have collected B. collected C. collect ( ) 4. A. am joining B. joined C. have joined ( ) 5. A. for B. since C. when 第一课时 (Section A 1a—2d) 课文呈现 Section A, 1b and 1c Interview 1 Interviewer: Excuse me, are you a volunteer here? Volunteer 1: Yes, I am. Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer with this football organization? Volunteer 1: Oh, I’ve been a volunteer since last year. Interviewer: What do you do? Volunteer 1: Lots, really! I help the players and give directions. I clean up the stadium after matches too. Interview 2 Interviewer: Sir, are you a volunteer here at the art museum? Volunteer 2: That’s right! Interviewer: May I know what you do? Volunteer 2: I guide visitors through the museum and provide information about the paintings. You see, I’m studying art history at university. Interviewer: That’s a good use of your skills! How long have you been a volunteer at the museum? Volunteer 2: Well, I’ve only been a guide here for two weeks. Interview 3 Interviewer: Let’s talk to one of the volunteers with the beach clean-up organization. Excuse me, Miss. How is the clean-up going? Volunteer 3: It’s going well! I’ve picked up three bags of bottles and cans since our team arrived this morning. Interviewer: You’ve worked hard! Have you been a volunteer with the organization for long? Volunteer 3: Yes, for about seven years. Interviewer: Wow! You must really care about the beach. Volunteer 3: Yes, I think it’s everyone’s duty to look after it! Section A, 2b and 2c Conversation 1 Rose: Hi Robert. What are you watching? Robert: Oh, it’s a show about volunteering. It’s quite inspiring! Rose: Hey, I’ve watched that before. Robert: Really? Did it inspire you to volunteer? Rose: Yeah. In fact, I’ve been a volunteer at an animal shelter for two years now. Robert: Wow! What do you do there? Rose: Well, I clean the cages and feed the animals ... And I look after the new dogs. Some of them are in poor condition and need more care! And I collect donations for the shelter too. Robert: Goodness! Hey, do you need help? Can I volunteer too? Rose: Of course! Conversation 2 Interviewer: Have you ever been to our animal shelter, Robert? Robert: No, I haven’t, but my friend Rose has told me all about it. Interviewer: Have you taken care of animals before? Robert: Yes. I had a dog when I was young. I walked her, and I filled her food and water bowls. Because of her, I learnt that every animal is special and needs love. Interviewer: You’re right! Now, how often can you volunteer? Robert: About once a week? Interviewer: Perfect! Let me show you around. 重点短语 1. 有（重要）作用；带来改变 ________ a difference 2. 指路；指引方向 give ________ 3. 引导游客；为参观者做向导 ________ visitors 4. 探望老人 visit the ________ 5. 进行垃圾分类 ________ waste 6. 清扫体育场 clean up the ________ 7. 捡起；接载；顺便购买 ________ up 8. 提供关于……的信息 ________ information about ... 9. 找到走失宠物的主人 find ________ of lost pets 10. 遛狗 ________ dogs 11. 激励你参与志愿服务 ________ you to volunteer 12. 一家动物收容所 an animal ________ 13. 清理笼子 clean the ________ 14. 为……募捐 collect ________ for 15. 主动提出做志愿服务 offer to ________ 重点讲解 1. provide/offer 搭配用法 含义 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 provide sth for sb 给某人提供某物 ① The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service ________ guests. = The hotel provides guests ________ a shoe-cleaning service. 该宾馆为客人提供擦鞋服务。 ② A map was ________ for visitors. 为参观者们提供了一张地图。 【拓展】其他表示“给某人提供某物”的词汇还有 offer/give/supply。其常见搭配如下： • offer sb sth = offer sth ________ sb • give sb sth = give sth ________ sb • supply sb ________ sth = supply sth ________ sb ① Peter offered ________ ________ them how to swim. 彼得主动提出教他们如何游泳。 ② Can I offer ________ ________ to drink? 我给你拿点喝的好吗？ ③ He turned down an offer to run the company. 他拒绝了经营那家公司的________。 ④ We accepted their offer. 我们接受了他们的________。 2. difference 【典句】Making a Difference 有（重要）作用 【探究】difference 作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“差异”，反义词为 similarity。形容词为 different，副词为 differently。常见搭配用法如下： • make a/no difference to ... 对……有/无（重要）作用 • be different from ... 与……不同 = be not the same as ... = be not similar to ... • be different in ... 在（某方面）不同 • tell the difference between ... and ... 区分……和…… • difference (in sth) between A and B （在某方面）A 与 B 之间的差异 ① My hat is ________ ________ Kate's. = My hat is not the ________ ________ Kate's. 我的帽子与凯特的不同。 ② Do children know the difference ________ right ________ wrong? 儿童知道对和错的区别吗？ ③ There's not much difference ________ price ________ the two computers. 这两台电脑价格上没有多大的差别。 ④ Exercise can ________ ________ big difference ________ your health. 锻炼会对你的健康产生重大影响。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 My cousin and I both love reading, but our tastes are different in many ways. He likes science fiction, which is the same ________ most of his friends. I like history books. Last week, our school library provided us ________ a chance to recommend books for it. I ________ (主动提出帮助) the librarian make a list. I believe a good book can ________ (对……有作用) a student's interests and even his life. 第二课时 (Section A 3a—3d) 课文呈现 重点短语 1. 做一些志愿工作 do some ________ work 2. 和我的青年小组一起 with my ________ group 3. 帮助他们保持活力 help them stay ________ 4. 关爱/照料老人 care ________ the elderly 5. 人生故事和经历 life stories and ________ 6. 加入你们的志愿者团队 ________ your group of volunteers 7. 赶快；跟着来 come ________ 重点讲解 1. 不定式（短语）作后置定语 【典句】You know, they actually have so many interesting life stories and experiences to share with us. 你知道的，他们其实有很多精彩的人生故事和经历可以与我们分享。 【探究】“to share with us”是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词（词组）。 1. 表示需要做的事情 I have an email to write. 2. 表示事物的用途 I need a house to live in. 若动词为不及物动词，则其后的介词不可省略。 ① I need a chair to sit on.（正确） ② I need a chair to sit.（错误） 一些名词后常接不定式作定语，如：time、chance、way、the first、the second、the last、the best 等。 ① It's time to have lunch. ② He is always the first one to come to the classroom. 例如： ① This is the best way ________ ________ the problem. 这是解决问题的最好方法。 ② There is nothing to worry ________. 没什么好担心的。 ③ I want to borrow a piece of paper to write ________. 我想借一张纸写点儿东西。 ④ This is the best room for you to live ________. 你住这间房间最好不过了。 ⑤ I get a chance ________ ________ Beijing. 我得到一个参观北京的机会。 ⑥ That was the most exciting game ________ ________ this year. 那是今年最值得观看的激动人心的比赛。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 My grandparents are both over seventy years old, but they have a great way ________ (stay) active. Every morning, they go to the park to do Tai Chi. Last weekend, we went to visit them because we know it's important to ________ (照顾) the elderly and spend time with them. We were just about to leave for the supermarket when my grandma said, "________ (赶快), everyone! Don't be so slow!" She was even faster than us! We were so happy to see them so full of energy. 第三课时 (Grammar Focus 4a—4d) 重点短语1. 在军队服役 ________ in the army 2. 加入这个组织 ________ the organization 3. 一所小学 a ________ school 4. 与……合作；与……共事 work ________ 5. 分担工作；帮忙做 help ________ 6. 一场慈善比赛 a ________ match 7. 热情地感谢我 thank me ________ 8. 帮我在足球上签名 ________ a football for me 重点讲解 1. serve / service 【典句】Linda likes serving in the army. 琳达喜欢在军队服役。 【探究】serve 为动词，意为“给某人端上、提供食物；为某人服务”，名词为 service。常见搭配用法如下： • serve sth 提供/端上（食物/饮料） • serve sb sth = serve sth to sb = serve sb with sth 为某人端上（食物） • serve the public/country 服务公众/国家 • It serves you right. 你自作自受。 • before serving 在上菜之前 • provide the best service 提供最好的服务 ① The hotel ________ ________ from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. 这家酒店从早上7点到10点供应早餐。 ② The waiter ________ ________ a large bowl of soup just now. 服务员刚刚给我们端上了一大碗汤。 ③ She served the guests ________ some fresh fruit. 她给客人们端上了一些新鲜水果。 ④ Policemen and doctors work hard to ________ the ________. 警察和医生努力工作以服务公众。 ⑤ You didn't study hard, so you failed the exam. It ________ you ________! 你不努力学习，所以考试不及格。你活该！ ⑥ The cook added a little salt to the soup before ________. 厨师在上菜前往汤里加了一点盐。 ⑦ The restaurant tries to provide the best ________ to its customers. 这家餐馆努力为其顾客提供最优质的服务。 2. join 【典句】I've made a lot of friends since I joined the organization. 自从我加入了这个组织，我交到了很多朋友。 【探究】join the organization 意为“加入这个组织”。与 join 相关的常见搭配如下： • join in sth = take part in sth 参加…… • join sb/sth 加入（某人/团体/组织）（注：不用介词 in） • join sb to do sth = join sb in doing sth 加入某人做某事 ① Will you ________ ________ for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭好吗？ ② I decided to ________ the army. 我决定去参军。 ③ I want to ________ the school basketball team. 我想加入学校篮球队。 ④ Come on! Let's ________ ________ the game! 快来！我们一起加入游戏吧！ 3. help out 【典句】Since I started, I have helped out at over ten different sports events. 自从我开始参与以来，我已经在超过十场不同的体育赛事中提供过帮助。 【探究】help out 意为“分担工作；帮忙做”，可作及物或不及物动词短语，更强调“在某人需要帮助时伸出援手”，通常是临时性的、为了解决特定困难或人手不足的情况。具体搭配用法如下： • help out 分担工作；帮忙做 • help sb out 帮某人一把 • help out with sth 帮忙做某事 • help sb out with sth 帮某人做某事 ① He's always willing to ________ ________. 他总是急人之难。 ② Thank you for ________ ________ ________ the project. 谢谢你帮我完成了这个项目。 ③ I often ________ ________ ________ chores on weekends. 我经常在周末帮忙做家务。 ④ I helped ________ ________ when her cat was missing. 她的猫不见了，我帮了她一把。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 Last month, our school organized a community ________ (serve) event to clean up the city park. I decided to ________ (加入) my classmates to make our neighbourhood cleaner. At first, some of us were a bit shy, but the organizers ________ (warm) encouraged everyone to ________ (参加) the activities. We were there to ________ (serve) our community, and our main tasks included picking up litter and planting new flowers. When my friend Lily found a big area full of rubbish, I went over to help her ________. It was a great experience to work ________ so many kind-hearted people. We all felt happy and proud of what we did together. 第四课时 (Section B 1a—1e) 课文呈现 Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting me to speak to you about Blue Sky Rescue today. Let me begin with my own story. Back in 2008, I was hiking in the mountains with some friends when one of them fell and got a bad head injury. We had to find help quickly, so we called an emergency number. It was already dark, and we couldn’t even see where we were. After some time, we heard dogs barking and the voices of the Blue Sky Rescue team. I nearly started crying. We were so thankful that they found us! I’ve never forgotten that day. Since then, I’ve wanted to help others too. I signed up with Blue Sky Rescue in 2009, and I’ve been a volunteer ever since. We’ve been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the worst. We’ve also rescued people during emergencies. We’ve provided medical aid and searched for missing people after natural disasters, like the 2013 earthquake in Ya’an and the typhoon in the Philippines in the same year. In 2023, we even helped in places as far away as Türkiye! Working as a volunteer has taught me many practical life-saving skills. It has also helped me understand the power of teamwork because it’s the key to successful rescues. Most of all, being a volunteer has taught me the value of every life. The work is difficult. It’s voluntary, so we aren’t paid. We often go without food or sleep. But our goal has always been to save as many people as we can. I’m just an ordinary person, but I’ll rush into danger, just like everyone else in Blue Sky Rescue. To the people we’ve saved and their loved ones, I know we’re their heroes. And that makes everything we do worth it. We want to do even more, but we can’t do it all alone. Will you join us as a volunteer? Together we can make a difference! 重点短语 1. 女士们先生们 ________ and ________ 2. 头部严重受伤 get a bad head ________ 3. 一个急救电话 an ________ number 4. 过了一段时间 after some ________ 5. 听到狗在叫 hear dogs ________ 6. 如此感激…… be so ________ that ... 7. 与……签约；报名加入…… ________ up with 8. 自从；自……以后 ever ________ 9. 儿童和成人 children and ________ 10. 为最坏的情况做好准备 prepare ________ the worst 11. 在紧急情况中救援人员 ________ people during ________ 12. 提供医疗援助 provide medical ________ 13. 搜寻失踪人员 search for ________ people 14. 自然灾害之后 after natural ________ 15. 同年 ________ the same year 16. 远至…… ________ far away ________ 17. 作为一名志愿者工作 work ________ a volunteer 18. 实用的救生技能 ________ life-saving ________ 19. 团队合作的力量 the power of ________ 20. 成功救援的关键 the ________ to successful rescues 21. 最主要的是 ________ of all 22. 每一个生命的价值 the ________ of every life 23. 是自愿的 be ________ 24. 不进食或不睡觉 go ________ food or sleep 25. 一个普通人 an ________ person 26. 冲进危险之中 rush into ________ 27. 独自完成所有事 do it all ________ 28. 加入我们成为一名志愿者 ________ ________ as a volunteer 29. 向听众致意 greet the ________ 30. 愿意做某事 be ________ to do sth 31. 将他自己的生命置于危险之中 put his life ________ danger 重点讲解 1. successful / successfully / success / succeed 【探究】success 作名词时，表示抽象概念为不可数名词；表示具体成功的人或事则为可数名词。动词 succeed 是不及物动词，过去式为 succeeded，其后不能接不定式。形容词为 successful，反义词是 unsuccessful。常见用法搭配如下： • succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 = do sth successfully 成功做某事 = be successful in doing sth 在……方面成功 = have success in doing sth 在……方面成功 • the key to success 成功的关键 • achieve success 获得成功 • a big success 一件成功的事；一个成功的人（反义词：failure） 【注意】fail to do sth 意为“未能做某事”；failure 意为“失败；失败的人/事”。 ① Every little step along the way is a success. 路上每一小步都是一个胜利。 ② He ________ ________ ________ with pressure. = He ________ ________ pressure ________ . = He ________ ________ ________ dealing with pressure. = He ________ ________ ________ dealing with pressure. 他成功地克服了压力。 ③ Through years of research, the scientist finally ________ ________. = Through years of research, the scientist finally ________. 经过多年研究，这位科学家终于获得了成功。 【活学巧辨】Ma Yun does his business ________ and he becomes a great ________. He is one of the most ________ businessmen in China. Nobody knew that he could ________ in making so much money when he was young. 马云把生意做得很成功，他成了一名成功人士。他是中国最成功的企业家之一。当他年轻时，没人想到他能成功赚到这么多钱。 2. value / valuable 【探究】value 作名词，意为“重要作用；价值”；作动词，意为“重视；珍视”。形容词 valuable 意为“很有用的；宝贵的”，需注意其正确拼写，去 e，再加上后缀“-able”。具体搭配用法如下： • valuable experience/information 宝贵的经验/信息 • be valuable to sb/sth 对某人/某物来说很有价值 • the value of ... ……的价值/重要性 • sb's values 某人的价值观 • value sb's advice/opinions 重视某人的建议/意见 ① Your support is very ________ ________ me. 你的支持对我来说非常有价值。 ② Luckily, ________ ________ was stolen. 幸运的是，没有贵重的物品被偷。 ③ We have learned the value ________ ________. 我们知道了友情的价值。 ④ Everyone has different personal ________. 每个人都有不同的个人价值观。 ⑤ We ________ the ________ that we spend with our family in our everyday lives. 我们珍惜日常生活中和家人在一起的时光。 ⑥ I ________ our ________ more than anything else. 我珍惜我们的友情胜过任何事。 3. worth 【探究】worth 词性为形容词，与 be 动词构成谓语，意为“值（多少钱）；值（某物）；值得（做）”。常见搭配用法如下： • be worth sth 值（多少钱）；值（某物） • be worth doing 值得做 • be worth the effort/trouble 值得付出努力/这番周折 ① Our house ________ ________ £100,000. 我们的房子值十万英镑。 ② The museum is worth a ________. = The museum is worth ________. 这个博物馆值得一游。 ③ It ________ not ________ the trouble to wait in line for two hours just for a cup of milk tea. 只为了一杯奶茶费力排两个小时的队，不值得。 4. have been to、have gone to 与 have been in 【典句】We've been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the worst. 我们去过学校和其他社区，教导儿童和成人如何保证安全并为最坏的情况做好准备。 【辨析】have been to、have gone to 与 have been in 短语 核心含义与用法 have been to 表示“曾经去过某地（现已返回）”，强调经历。常与 ever、never、before、once、twice 等连用。 have gone to 表示“已经去了某地（现在不在此地）”，强调去向。不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 since 或 for 构成的时间状语。 have been in 表示“一直在某地（持续一段时间）”，强调状态延续。多与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 since 或 for 构成的时间状语。 ① I ________ ________ ________ Shanghai twice. 我去过上海两次。 ② —Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪？ —He ________ ________ ________ the library. 他去图书馆了。 ③ They ________ ________ ________ this city since 2021. 他们自2021年起就在这座城市。 ④ I ________ ________ ________ this city for the past five years. 过去的五年里我一直待在这个城市。 【注意】以下为常见的错误表述： ① My friend has gone to Japan several times.（错误） ② My friend has been to Japan for two years.（错误） ③ My friend has been in Japan several times.（错误） 5. go without 【典句】We often go without food or sleep. 我们经常不吃饭也不睡觉。 【探究】“go without (sth)”意为“没有……而勉强应付；没有……也行”，强调的是一种“不得已而为之”或“主动选择放弃”的状态，其后可以接名词；若接动词，则必须使用动名词（-ing）形式。例如： ① There wasn't time for breakfast, so I had to ________ ________. 没有时间吃早饭，我只好不吃了。 ② It's not a good habit to go ________ ________. 不吃早餐不是一个好习惯。 ③ She went without ________ for three days. 她三天没吃东西。 6. “to + sb”提前表强调 【典句】To the people we've saved and their loved ones, I know we're their heroes. 对于我们所拯救的人以及他们的亲友来说，我知道我们就是他们心目中的英雄。 【探究】“to + sb”构成的介词短语提前至句首，用以强调。意为“在某人看来；对于某人来说；向某人宣告”。例如： ① ________ all my friends, thank you ________ your support! 向我所有的朋友，感谢你们的支持！ ② ________ a doctor in an emergency room, every second is ________. 在急诊室医生看来，每一秒钟都是宝贵的。 ③ ________ my parents, I will always be a child. 在我父母眼里，我永远是个孩子。 ④ ________ all who supported me, I give my deepest thanks. 向所有支持我的人，我献上最深的感谢。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 To me, learning to draw has always seemed like a magical thing. ________ (自从) I saw my cousin's beautiful sketchbook（素描簿）, I have dreamed of drawing like her. Last week, I finally ________ (成功完成) a portrait（肖像画）! I thought it was worth ________ (spend) my pocket money on a good art class, so I ________ (报名加入) a local art studio（工作室）. My parents were glad that I was ________ (愿意练习) patiently every day. ________ (最主要的是), they thought it was a ________ (value) experience that could teach me the importance of persistence（坚持）, not just how to draw. I ________ (曾经去过) the studio only three times so far, but every lesson is so inspiring that I can't ________ (没有……也行) drawing something in my sketchbook each day. 第五课时 (Section B 2a—Reflecting) 重点短语 1. 一个礼貌的措辞 a polite ________ 2. 精力充沛 full of ________ 3. 忙碌的 on the ________ 4. 帮助那些需要帮助的人 help those in ________ 5. 在社区里寻找…… ________ the neighbourhood for ... 6. 获得成功 achieve ________ 7. 有一个清晰的目标 have a ________ goal 8. 坚持 stick ________ 9. 养老院 the ________ home 10. 我的哥哥 my ________ brother 11. 帮助老人 help the ________ 12. 值得付出努力 be ________ the effort 13. 捐出零用钱 ________ pocket money 14. 帮助他的社区 help ________ his community 15. 向人们分发热餐 hand ________ hot meals to people 16. 报名成为志愿者 sign up ________ a volunteer 17. 通晓；熟悉 be familiar ________ 18. 你的技能和才华 your skills and ________ 19. 看到你的广告 see your ________ 重点讲解 1. donate / donation 【探究】donate 作动词，指“将（金钱、财物、时间、血液、器官等）无偿给予某个组织或个人”，通常用于慈善、公益目的，名词形式为 donation，意为“捐献物；捐赠”。常见搭配用法如下： • donate sth (to sb/sth) 把某物捐赠（给某人/某组织） • collect donations for 为……募捐 • make a donation (to sb/sth) （向某人/某组织）捐赠 ① We can ________ our clothes ________ children in need. 我们可以把衣服捐给需要帮助的孩子们。 ② They are ________ ________ ________ the sick student. 他们正在为那位生病的同学募捐。 ③ Thank you for ________ ________ ________ to help us. 感谢您捐赠来帮助我们。 2. effort 【探究】effort 作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“努力；艰难的尝试”，通常指完成某项特定任务所需付出的努力。常见搭配用法如下： • put more effort into your work 把更多精力花在工作上 • be (well) worth the effort （非常）值得付出努力 • make an effort/every effort to do sth 尽力、努力去做某事 ① If you ________ more ________ ________ your study, you will get better grades. 如果你把更多精力花在学习上，你会取得更好的成绩。 ② Learning English is difficult, but it ________ well ________ the ________. 学习英语难，但它非常值得付出努力。 ③ I will ________ ________ ________ ________ finish my reading this weekend. 这个周末我会努力完成我的阅读任务。 3. talent / talented 【探究】talent 作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“才能；天赋；天才”，与 gift 同义。形容词为 talented，与 gifted 同义。常见的搭配用法如下： • be talented in ... = have a talent for ... 在……方面有天赋 • show a talent for ... 展现出……方面的天赋 • have many talents 有很多才艺 ① My cousin is talented ________ playing basketball. = My cousin has a talent ________ playing basketball. 我的表哥在打篮球方面很有天赋。 ② The little girl ________ a great talent ________ drawing when she was only five. 这个小女孩在只有五岁时就展现出了巨大的绘画天赋。 ③ I admire people who have many ________. 我钦佩那些有很多才艺的人。 4. search 【典句】The police have searched the neighbourhood for the missing child. 为了寻找那个失踪的孩子，警察已经把社区都搜遍了。 【探究】search 作及物动词时，指“搜查”某个地点或对象；作不及物动词时，指“寻找”某个目标；作名词，则指“搜索”这一行为或过程。常见搭配用法如下： • search for sb/sth = look for sb/sth 寻找某人/某物 • search + 地点 + for sb/sth 在某地寻找某人/某物 • in search of ... 搜寻…… ① The police ________ ________ ________ yesterday. 警察昨天搜查了该医院。 ② She ________ the kitchen ________ a drink. = She went into the kitchen ________ ________ ________ a drink. = She went into the kitchen to ________ ________ a drink. 她进入厨房去找喝的。 ③ The man took her suitcase from her and then ________ ________. 那名男子拿过她手中的手提箱，然后对她搜身。 5. familiar 【典句】We hope you are familiar with the arts: Chinese dance, calligraphy, music, etc. 我们希望您能熟悉这些艺术形式：中国舞蹈、书法、音乐等。 【探究】familiar 作形容词，意为“熟悉的”，指某人熟悉某物或某物对某人来说是熟悉的，反义词为 unfamiliar。常见搭配用法如下： • sb + be familiar with sth 某人对某物熟悉 • sth + look/sound familiar 某物看起来/听起来是熟悉的 • sth + be familiar to sb 某物为某人所熟悉 ① I am familiar ________ that book. 我熟悉那本书。 ② That book is familiar ________ me. 那本书对我来说是熟悉的。 ③ This song sounds familiar ________ everyone. 这首歌大家听起来都很耳熟。 ④ The language is ________ ________ him. 这种语言对他来说很陌生。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示或语境完成文段。 Last month, our teacher told us that a local animal shelter was ________ need of supplies. Our class decided to ________ (努力) to help them. We started a two-week activity to ________ (为……募捐) the shelter. Some people donated old clothes and food ________ the animals. To find out what else the shelter needed, we searched ________ its "Wish List" online. My friend, Jack, who is talented ________ art, drew amazing posters to advertise our activity. The name of the shelter, "Paws and Claws", is familiar ________ many people in our town now because of our activity. 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Making a Difference 单元语法专题: 现在完成时 (II) 一、延续性动词 1. 特点：表示可以持续一段时间的动作或状态。 2. 用法：用于现在完成时，直接表示动作或状态从过去某一刻开始，一直持续到现在或将持续下去。 3. 时间状语：常与表示“一段时间”的状语连用，如 for、since。 ① I have lived here for ten years. ② She has worked in the company since 2020. 4. for 和 since 的用法： 词汇 词性 含义 后续内容 例句 for 介词 表示“长达……”，指一段时间。 一段时间 I have lived here for five years. since 介词/连词 表示“自从……以来”，指时间的起点。对其提问用“how long”。 一个时间点 I have lived here since five years ago. 二、瞬间动词（非延续性动词） 1. 特点：表示瞬间完成、无法持续的动作。 2. 用法：可以用于现在完成时，表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的结果或影响。 3. 常见瞬间动词：buy、die、join、leave、come、go、begin、borrow、lend、marry、open、close、arrive 等。 ① He has joined the army.（正确） ② He has joined the army for two years.（错误） 【注意】在否定句中，瞬间动词可以与 for/since 短语连用。 I haven't bought any new clothes since last year. 我从去年起就没买过新衣服了。 三、瞬间动词转换为延续性动词 为了解决瞬间动词在肯定句中不能与“一段时间”连用的问题，我们需要将其转换为相应的延续性动词或表示状态的短语。以下是一些常见的转换对照表： 瞬间动词 延续性动词（结构） 例句 borrow（借入） keep（保管） She has kept this book for three weeks. buy（购买） have（拥有） He has had this bike for two years. arrive/come/go/reach（到达/来/去/抵达） be in/at（在……） My mum has been in Beijing for two months. leave（离开） be away (from)（离开……） They have been away from home for two days. begin/start（开始） be on（在进行中） The film has been on for an hour. finish/end/stop（结束/停止） be over（结束了） The meeting has been over for two hours. die（去世） be dead（已故的） The lamb has been dead for some time. join（加入） be in/be a member of（是……的一员） Simon has been a member of the club since last year. become（成为） be（是） How long has your sister been a teacher? open（打开） be open（开着的） The shop has been open for ten hours. close（关闭） be closed（关闭的） The market has been closed since 2010. fall asleep（入睡） be asleep（睡着的） The dog has been asleep for several hours. catch a cold（患感冒） have a cold（患着感冒） How long have you had a cold? get married（结婚） be married（已婚的） They have been married for fifteen years. come back（回来） be back（回来了的） Their cat has been back since last night. ✎ 【语法专练】 I. 根据所给提示，完成句子。 1. I haven't seen him since yesterday.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ haven't you seen him? 2. She has been a member of the club for two years.（改为同义句） She ________ the club two years ________. 3. That shop has been closed for two months.（改为同义句） That shop has been closed ________ two months ________. 4. 会议已经结束一个小时了。（完成译句） The meeting has ________ ________ for an hour. 5. 这本书我借了两周了。（完成译句） I ________ ________ this book for two weeks. 6. 我拥有这台电脑已经三年了。（完成译句） I ________ ________ this computer since three years ago. 7. 这部电影已经开始20分钟了。（完成译句） The movie has ________ ________ for twenty minutes. 8. 他的爷爷已经去世十年了。（完成译句） His grandfather has ________ ________ for ten years. 9. 他们离开家乡很久了。（完成译句） They have ________ ________ from their hometown for a long time. 10. 他们结婚二十年了。（完成译句） They've ________ ________ for twenty years. II. 用 since 或 for 填空。 1. He has lived here ________ 2008. 2. She has been a teacher ________ ten years. 3. They have been married ________ five years ago. 4. They have been friends ________ they were five. 5. The library has been closed ________ last month. 6. My parents have worked in this factory ________ a long time. 7. Nothing has been the same ________ you left. 8. The train has been away ________ fifteen minutes. III. 语法选择。 I started collecting stamps when I was in primary school. My uncle ___1___ me my first album（集邮簿）as a birthday gift. He ___2___ for ten years, and his wife often helps me find special stamps. Since I started this hobby, I ___3___ stamps from over twenty countries. I ___4___ at least three online stamp collectors' clubs so far. The members there are very friendly and knowledgeable. Looking at my growing collection today, I realize this is more than just a hobby. It has connected me with different cultures and wonderful people around the world ___5___ I began this hobby. ( ) 1. A. gave B. have given C. was giving ( ) 2. A. has married B. has been married C. married ( ) 3. A. have collected B. collected C. collect ( ) 4. A. am joining B. joined C. have joined ( ) 5. A. for B. since C. when Ⅰ. 1. How long 2. joined ago 3. since ago 4. been over 5. have kept 6. have had 7. been on 8. been dead 9. been away 10. been married Ⅱ. 1. since 2. for 3. since 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. since 8. for Ⅲ. 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 第一课时 (Section A 1a—2d) 课文呈现 Section A, 1b and 1c Interview 1 Interviewer: Excuse me, are you a volunteer here? Volunteer 1: Yes, I am. Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer with this football organization? Volunteer 1: Oh, I’ve been a volunteer since last year. Interviewer: What do you do? Volunteer 1: Lots, really! I help the players and give directions. I clean up the stadium after matches too. Interview 2 Interviewer: Sir, are you a volunteer here at the art museum? Volunteer 2: That’s right! Interviewer: May I know what you do? Volunteer 2: I guide visitors through the museum and provide information about the paintings. You see, I’m studying art history at university. Interviewer: That’s a good use of your skills! How long have you been a volunteer at the museum? Volunteer 2: Well, I’ve only been a guide here for two weeks. Interview 3 Interviewer: Let’s talk to one of the volunteers with the beach clean-up organization. Excuse me, Miss. How is the clean-up going? Volunteer 3: It’s going well! I’ve picked up three bags of bottles and cans since our team arrived this morning. Interviewer: You’ve worked hard! Have you been a volunteer with the organization for long? Volunteer 3: Yes, for about seven years. Interviewer: Wow! You must really care about the beach. Volunteer 3: Yes, I think it’s everyone’s duty to look after it! Section A, 2b and 2c Conversation 1 Rose: Hi Robert. What are you watching? Robert: Oh, it’s a show about volunteering. It’s quite inspiring! Rose: Hey, I’ve watched that before. Robert: Really? Did it inspire you to volunteer? Rose: Yeah. In fact, I’ve been a volunteer at an animal shelter for two years now. Robert: Wow! What do you do there? Rose: Well, I clean the cages and feed the animals ... And I look after the new dogs. Some of them are in poor condition and need more care! And I collect donations for the shelter too. Robert: Goodness! Hey, do you need help? Can I volunteer too? Rose: Of course! Conversation 2 Interviewer: Have you ever been to our animal shelter, Robert? Robert: No, I haven’t, but my friend Rose has told me all about it. Interviewer: Have you taken care of animals before? Robert: Yes. I had a dog when I was young. I walked her, and I filled her food and water bowls. Because of her, I learnt that every animal is special and needs love. Interviewer: You’re right! Now, how often can you volunteer? Robert: About once a week? Interviewer: Perfect! Let me show you around. 重点短语 1. 有（重要）作用；带来改变 ________ a difference 2. 指路；指引方向 give ________ 3. 引导游客；为参观者做向导 ________ visitors 4. 探望老人 visit the ________ 5. 进行垃圾分类 ________ waste 6. 清扫体育场 clean up the ________ 7. 捡起；接载；顺便购买 ________ up 8. 提供关于……的信息 ________ information about ... 9. 找到走失宠物的主人 find ________ of lost pets 10. 遛狗 ________ dogs 11. 激励你参与志愿服务 ________ you to volunteer 12. 一家动物收容所 an animal ________ 13. 清理笼子 clean the ________ 14. 为……募捐 collect ________ for 15. 主动提出做志愿服务 offer to ________ 1. make 2. directions 3. guide 4. elderly 5. sort 6. stadium 7. pick 8. provide 9. owners 10. walk 11. inspire 12. shelter 13. cages 14. donations 15. volunteer 重点讲解 1. provide/offer 搭配用法 含义 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 provide sth for sb 给某人提供某物 ① The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service ________ guests. = The hotel provides guests ________ a shoe-cleaning service. 该宾馆为客人提供擦鞋服务。 ② A map was ________ for visitors. 为参观者们提供了一张地图。①for with ②provided 【拓展】其他表示“给某人提供某物”的词汇还有 offer/give/supply。其常见搭配如下： • offer sb sth = offer sth ________ sb • give sb sth = give sth ________ sb • supply sb ________ sth = supply sth ________ sb 拓展:to to with to ① Peter offered ________ ________ them how to swim. 彼得主动提出教他们如何游泳。 ② Can I offer ________ ________ to drink? 我给你拿点喝的好吗？ ③ He turned down an offer to run the company. 他拒绝了经营那家公司的________。 ④ We accepted their offer. 我们接受了他们的________。 ① to teach ② you something ③ 提议；邀请 ④ 报价；提议 2. difference 【典句】Making a Difference 有（重要）作用 【探究】difference 作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“差异”，反义词为 similarity。形容词为 different，副词为 differently。常见搭配用法如下： • make a/no difference to ... 对……有/无（重要）作用 • be different from ... 与……不同 = be not the same as ... = be not similar to ... • be different in ... 在（某方面）不同 • tell the difference between ... and ... 区分……和…… • difference (in sth) between A and B （在某方面）A 与 B 之间的差异 ① My hat is ________ ________ Kate's. = My hat is not the ________ ________ Kate's. 我的帽子与凯特的不同。 ② Do children know the difference ________ right ________ wrong? 儿童知道对和错的区别吗？ ③ There's not much difference ________ price ________ the two computers. 这两台电脑价格上没有多大的差别。 ④ Exercise can ________ ________ big difference ________ your health. 锻炼会对你的健康产生重大影响。①different from same as ②between and ③in between ④make a to ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 My cousin and I both love reading, but our tastes are different in many ways. He likes science fiction, which is the same ________ most of his friends. I like history books. Last week, our school library provided us ________ a chance to recommend books for it. I ________ (主动提出帮助) the librarian make a list. I believe a good book can ________ (对……有作用) a student's interests and even his life. as ；with ；offered to help ；make a difference to 第二课时 (Section A 3a—3d) 课文呈现 重点短语 1. 做一些志愿工作 do some ________ work 2. 和我的青年小组一起 with my ________ group 3. 帮助他们保持活力 help them stay ________ 4. 关爱/照料老人 care ________ the elderly 5. 人生故事和经历 life stories and ________ 6. 加入你们的志愿者团队 ________ your group of volunteers 7. 赶快；跟着来 come ________ 1. volunteer 2. youth 3. active 4. for 5. experiences 6. join 7. along 重点讲解 1. 不定式（短语）作后置定语 【典句】You know, they actually have so many interesting life stories and experiences to share with us. 你知道的，他们其实有很多精彩的人生故事和经历可以与我们分享。 【探究】“to share with us”是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词（词组）。 1. 表示需要做的事情 I have an email to write. 2. 表示事物的用途 I need a house to live in. 若动词为不及物动词，则其后的介词不可省略。 ① I need a chair to sit on.（正确） ② I need a chair to sit.（错误） 一些名词后常接不定式作定语，如：time、chance、way、the first、the second、the last、the best 等。 ① It's time to have lunch. ② He is always the first one to come to the classroom. 例如： ① This is the best way ________ ________ the problem. 这是解决问题的最好方法。 ② There is nothing to worry ________. 没什么好担心的。 ③ I want to borrow a piece of paper to write ________. 我想借一张纸写点儿东西。 ④ This is the best room for you to live ________. 你住这间房间最好不过了。 ⑤ I get a chance ________ ________ Beijing. 我得到一个参观北京的机会。 ⑥ That was the most exciting game ________ ________ this year. 那是今年最值得观看的激动人心的比赛。①to solve ②about ③on ④in ⑤to visit ⑥to watch ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 My grandparents are both over seventy years old, but they have a great way ________ (stay) active. Every morning, they go to the park to do Tai Chi. Last weekend, we went to visit them because we know it's important to ________ (照顾) the elderly and spend time with them. We were just about to leave for the supermarket when my grandma said, "________ (赶快), everyone! Don't be so slow!" She was even faster than us! We were so happy to see them so full of energy. to stay ；care for ；Come along 第三课时 (Grammar Focus 4a—4d) 重点短语 1. 在军队服役 ________ in the army 2. 加入这个组织 ________ the organization 3. 一所小学 a ________ school 4. 与……合作；与……共事 work ________ 5. 分担工作；帮忙做 help ________ 6. 一场慈善比赛 a ________ match 7. 热情地感谢我 thank me ________ 8. 帮我在足球上签名 ________ a football for me 1. serve 2. join 3. primary 4. with 5. out 6. charity 7. warmly 8. sign 重点讲解 1. serve / service 【典句】Linda likes serving in the army. 琳达喜欢在军队服役。 【探究】serve 为动词，意为“给某人端上、提供食物；为某人服务”，名词为 service。常见搭配用法如下： • serve sth 提供/端上（食物/饮料） • serve sb sth = serve sth to sb = serve sb with sth 为某人端上（食物） • serve the public/country 服务公众/国家 • It serves you right. 你自作自受。 • before serving 在上菜之前 • provide the best service 提供最好的服务 ① The hotel ________ ________ from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. 这家酒店从早上7点到10点供应早餐。 ② The waiter ________ ________ a large bowl of soup just now. 服务员刚刚给我们端上了一大碗汤。 ③ She served the guests ________ some fresh fruit. 她给客人们端上了一些新鲜水果。 ④ Policemen and doctors work hard to ________ the ________. 警察和医生努力工作以服务公众。 ⑤ You didn't study hard, so you failed the exam. It ________ you ________! 你不努力学习，所以考试不及格。你活该！ ⑥ The cook added a little salt to the soup before ________. 厨师在上菜前往汤里加了一点盐。 ⑦ The restaurant tries to provide the best ________ to its customers. 这家餐馆努力为其顾客提供最优质的服务。①serves breakfast ②served us ③with ④serve public ⑤serves right ⑥serving ⑦service 2. join 【典句】I've made a lot of friends since I joined the organization. 自从我加入了这个组织，我交到了很多朋友。 【探究】join the organization 意为“加入这个组织”。与 join 相关的常见搭配如下： • join in sth = take part in sth 参加…… • join sb/sth 加入（某人/团体/组织）（注：不用介词 in） • join sb to do sth = join sb in doing sth 加入某人做某事 ① Will you ________ ________ for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭好吗？ ② I decided to ________ the army. 我决定去参军。 ③ I want to ________ the school basketball team. 我想加入学校篮球队。 ④ Come on! Let's ________ ________ the game! 快来！我们一起加入游戏吧！ ①join us ②join ③join ④join in 3. help out 【典句】Since I started, I have helped out at over ten different sports events. 自从我开始参与以来，我已经在超过十场不同的体育赛事中提供过帮助。 【探究】help out 意为“分担工作；帮忙做”，可作及物或不及物动词短语，更强调“在某人需要帮助时伸出援手”，通常是临时性的、为了解决特定困难或人手不足的情况。具体搭配用法如下： • help out 分担工作；帮忙做 • help sb out 帮某人一把 • help out with sth 帮忙做某事 • help sb out with sth 帮某人做某事 ① He's always willing to ________ ________. 他总是急人之难。 ② Thank you for ________ ________ ________ the project. 谢谢你帮我完成了这个项目。 ③ I often ________ ________ ________ chores on weekends. 我经常在周末帮忙做家务。 ④ I helped ________ ________ when her cat was missing. 她的猫不见了，我帮了她一把。①help out ②helping me out with ③help out with ④her out ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 Last month, our school organized a community ________ (serve) event to clean up the city park. I decided to ________ (加入) my classmates to make our neighbourhood cleaner. At first, some of us were a bit shy, but the organizers ________ (warm) encouraged everyone to ________ (参加) the activities. We were there to ________ (serve) our community, and our main tasks included picking up litter and planting new flowers. When my friend Lily found a big area full of rubbish, I went over to help her ________. It was a great experience to work ________ so many kind-hearted people. We all felt happy and proud of what we did together.service ；join ；warmly ；join in ；serve ；out ；with 第四课时 (Section B 1a—1e) 课文呈现 Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting me to speak to you about Blue Sky Rescue today. Let me begin with my own story. Back in 2008, I was hiking in the mountains with some friends when one of them fell and got a bad head injury. We had to find help quickly, so we called an emergency number. It was already dark, and we couldn’t even see where we were. After some time, we heard dogs barking and the voices of the Blue Sky Rescue team. I nearly started crying. We were so thankful that they found us! I’ve never forgotten that day. Since then, I’ve wanted to help others too. I signed up with Blue Sky Rescue in 2009, and I’ve been a volunteer ever since. We’ve been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the worst. We’ve also rescued people during emergencies. We’ve provided medical aid and searched for missing people after natural disasters, like the 2013 earthquake in Ya’an and the typhoon in the Philippines in the same year. In 2023, we even helped in places as far away as Türkiye! Working as a volunteer has taught me many practical life-saving skills. It has also helped me understand the power of teamwork because it’s the key to successful rescues. Most of all, being a volunteer has taught me the value of every life. The work is difficult. It’s voluntary, so we aren’t paid. We often go without food or sleep. But our goal has always been to save as many people as we can. I’m just an ordinary person, but I’ll rush into danger, just like everyone else in Blue Sky Rescue. To the people we’ve saved and their loved ones, I know we’re their heroes. And that makes everything we do worth it. We want to do even more, but we can’t do it all alone. Will you join us as a volunteer? Together we can make a difference! 重点短语 1. 女士们先生们 ________ and ________ 2. 头部严重受伤 get a bad head ________ 3. 一个急救电话 an ________ number 4. 过了一段时间 after some ________ 5. 听到狗在叫 hear dogs ________ 6. 如此感激…… be so ________ that ... 7. 与……签约；报名加入…… ________ up with 8. 自从；自……以后 ever ________ 9. 儿童和成人 children and ________ 10. 为最坏的情况做好准备 prepare ________ the worst 11. 在紧急情况中救援人员 ________ people during ________ 12. 提供医疗援助 provide medical ________ 13. 搜寻失踪人员 search for ________ people 14. 自然灾害之后 after natural ________ 15. 同年 ________ the same year 16. 远至…… ________ far away ________ 17. 作为一名志愿者工作 work ________ a volunteer 18. 实用的救生技能 ________ life-saving ________ 19. 团队合作的力量 the power of ________ 20. 成功救援的关键 the ________ to successful rescues 21. 最主要的是 ________ of all 22. 每一个生命的价值 the ________ of every life 23. 是自愿的 be ________ 24. 不进食或不睡觉 go ________ food or sleep 25. 一个普通人 an ________ person 26. 冲进危险之中 rush into ________ 27. 独自完成所有事 do it all ________ 28. 加入我们成为一名志愿者 ________ ________ as a volunteer 29. 向听众致意 greet the ________ 30. 愿意做某事 be ________ to do sth 31. 将他自己的生命置于危险之中 put his life ________ danger 1. ladies gentlemen 2. injury 3. emergency 4. time 5. barking 6. thankful 7. sign 8. since 9. adults 10. for 11. rescue emergencies 12. aid 13. missing 14. disasters 15. in 16. as as 17. as 18. practical skills 19. teamwork 20. key 21. most 22. value 23. voluntary 24. without 25. ordinary 26. danger 27. alone 28. join us 29. audience 30. willing 31. in 重点讲解 1. successful / successfully / success / succeed 【探究】success 作名词时，表示抽象概念为不可数名词；表示具体成功的人或事则为可数名词。动词 succeed 是不及物动词，过去式为 succeeded，其后不能接不定式。形容词为 successful，反义词是 unsuccessful。常见用法搭配如下： • succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 = do sth successfully 成功做某事 = be successful in doing sth 在……方面成功 = have success in doing sth 在……方面成功 • the key to success 成功的关键 • achieve success 获得成功 • a big success 一件成功的事；一个成功的人（反义词：failure） 【注意】fail to do sth 意为“未能做某事”；failure 意为“失败；失败的人/事”。 ① Every little step along the way is a success. 路上每一小步都是一个胜利。 ② He ________ ________ ________ with pressure. succeeded in dealing = He ________ ________ pressure ________ . dealt with successfully = He ________ ________ ________ dealing with pressure. was successful in = He ________ ________ ________ dealing with pressure. 他成功地克服了压力。had success in ③ Through years of research, the scientist finally ________ ________. achieved success = Through years of research, the scientist finally ________. 经过多年研究，这位科学家终于获得了成功。succeeded 【活学巧辨】Ma Yun does his business ________ and he becomes a great ________. He is one of the most ________ businessmen in China. Nobody knew that he could ________ in making so much money when he was young. 马云把生意做得很成功，他成了一名成功人士。他是中国最成功的企业家之一。当他年轻时，没人想到他能成功赚到这么多钱。successfully success successful succeed 2. value / valuable 【探究】value 作名词，意为“重要作用；价值”；作动词，意为“重视；珍视”。形容词 valuable 意为“很有用的；宝贵的”，需注意其正确拼写，去 e，再加上后缀“-able”。具体搭配用法如下： • valuable experience/information 宝贵的经验/信息 • be valuable to sb/sth 对某人/某物来说很有价值 • the value of ... ……的价值/重要性 • sb's values 某人的价值观 • value sb's advice/opinions 重视某人的建议/意见 ① Your support is very ________ ________ me. 你的支持对我来说非常有价值。 ② Luckily, ________ ________ was stolen. 幸运的是，没有贵重的物品被偷。 ③ We have learned the value ________ ________. 我们知道了友情的价值。 ④ Everyone has different personal ________. 每个人都有不同的个人价值观。 ⑤ We ________ the ________ that we spend with our family in our everyday lives. 我们珍惜日常生活中和家人在一起的时光。 ⑥ I ________ our ________ more than anything else. 我珍惜我们的友情胜过任何事。 ①valuable to ②nothing valuable ③of friendship ④values ⑤value time ⑥value friendship 3. worth 【探究】worth 词性为形容词，与 be 动词构成谓语，意为“值（多少钱）；值（某物）；值得（做）”。常见搭配用法如下： • be worth sth 值（多少钱）；值（某物） • be worth doing 值得做 • be worth the effort/trouble 值得付出努力/这番周折 ① Our house ________ ________ £100,000. 我们的房子值十万英镑。 ② The museum is worth a ________. = The museum is worth ________. 这个博物馆值得一游。 ③ It ________ not ________ the trouble to wait in line for two hours just for a cup of milk tea. 只为了一杯奶茶费力排两个小时的队，不值得。①is worth ②visit visiting ③is worth 4. have been to、have gone to 与 have been in 【典句】We've been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the worst. 我们去过学校和其他社区，教导儿童和成人如何保证安全并为最坏的情况做好准备。 【辨析】have been to、have gone to 与 have been in 短语 核心含义与用法 have been to 表示“曾经去过某地（现已返回）”，强调经历。常与 ever、never、before、once、twice 等连用。 have gone to 表示“已经去了某地（现在不在此地）”，强调去向。不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 since 或 for 构成的时间状语。 have been in 表示“一直在某地（持续一段时间）”，强调状态延续。多与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 since 或 for 构成的时间状语。 ① I ________ ________ ________ Shanghai twice. 我去过上海两次。 ② —Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪？ —He ________ ________ ________ the library. 他去图书馆了。 ③ They ________ ________ ________ this city since 2021. 他们自2021年起就在这座城市。 ④ I ________ ________ ________ this city for the past five years. 过去的五年里我一直待在这个城市。①have been to ②has gone to ③have been in ④have been in 【注意】以下为常见的错误表述： ① My friend has gone to Japan several times.（错误） ② My friend has been to Japan for two years.（错误） ③ My friend has been in Japan several times.（错误） 5. go without 【典句】We often go without food or sleep. 我们经常不吃饭也不睡觉。 【探究】“go without (sth)”意为“没有……而勉强应付；没有……也行”，强调的是一种“不得已而为之”或“主动选择放弃”的状态，其后可以接名词；若接动词，则必须使用动名词（-ing）形式。例如： ① There wasn't time for breakfast, so I had to ________ ________. 没有时间吃早饭，我只好不吃了。 ② It's not a good habit to go ________ ________. 不吃早餐不是一个好习惯。 ③ She went without ________ for three days. 她三天没吃东西。 ①go without ②without breakfast ③eating 6. “to + sb”提前表强调 【典句】To the people we've saved and their loved ones, I know we're their heroes. 对于我们所拯救的人以及他们的亲友来说，我知道我们就是他们心目中的英雄。 【探究】“to + sb”构成的介词短语提前至句首，用以强调。意为“在某人看来；对于某人来说；向某人宣告”。例如： ① ________ all my friends, thank you ________ your support! 向我所有的朋友，感谢你们的支持！ ② ________ a doctor in an emergency room, every second is ________. 在急诊室医生看来，每一秒钟都是宝贵的。 ③ ________ my parents, I will always be a child. 在我父母眼里，我永远是个孩子。 ④ ________ all who supported me, I give my deepest thanks. 向所有支持我的人，我献上最深的感谢。①To for ②To valuable ③To ④To ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 To me, learning to draw has always seemed like a magical thing. ________ (自从) I saw my cousin's beautiful sketchbook（素描簿）, I have dreamed of drawing like her. Last week, I finally ________ (成功完成) a portrait（肖像画）! I thought it was worth ________ (spend) my pocket money on a good art class, so I ________ (报名加入) a local art studio（工作室）. My parents were glad that I was ________ (愿意练习) patiently every day. ________ (最主要的是), they thought it was a ________ (value) experience that could teach me the importance of persistence（坚持）, not just how to draw. I ________ (曾经去过) the studio only three times so far, but every lesson is so inspiring that I can't ________ (没有……也行) drawing something in my sketchbook each day. Ever since succeeded in finishing spending signed up with willing to practise Most of all valuable have been to go without 第五课时 (Section B 2a—Reflecting) 重点短语 1. 一个礼貌的措辞 a polite ________ 2. 精力充沛 full of ________ 3. 忙碌的 on the ________ 4. 帮助那些需要帮助的人 help those in ________ 5. 在社区里寻找…… ________ the neighbourhood for ... 6. 获得成功 achieve ________ 7. 有一个清晰的目标 have a ________ goal 8. 坚持 stick ________ 9. 养老院 the ________ home 10. 我的哥哥 my ________ brother 11. 帮助老人 help the ________ 12. 值得付出努力 be ________ the effort 13. 捐出零用钱 ________ pocket money 14. 帮助他的社区 help ________ his community 15. 向人们分发热餐 hand ________ hot meals to people 16. 报名成为志愿者 sign up ________ a volunteer 17. 通晓；熟悉 be familiar ________ 18. 你的技能和才华 your skills and ________ 19. 看到你的广告 see your ________ 1. term 2. energy 3. go 4. need 5. search 6. success 7. clear 8. to 9. nursing 10. elder 11. elderly 12. worth 13. donate 14. out 15. out 16. as 17. with 18. talents 19. advertisement 重点讲解 1. donate / donation 【探究】donate 作动词，指“将（金钱、财物、时间、血液、器官等）无偿给予某个组织或个人”，通常用于慈善、公益目的，名词形式为 donation，意为“捐献物；捐赠”。常见搭配用法如下： • donate sth (to sb/sth) 把某物捐赠（给某人/某组织） • collect donations for 为……募捐 • make a donation (to sb/sth) （向某人/某组织）捐赠 ① We can ________ our clothes ________ children in need. 我们可以把衣服捐给需要帮助的孩子们。 ② They are ________ ________ ________ the sick student. 他们正在为那位生病的同学募捐。 ③ Thank you for ________ ________ ________ to help us. 感谢您捐赠来帮助我们。 ①donate to ②collecting donations for ③making a donation 2. effort 【探究】effort 作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“努力；艰难的尝试”，通常指完成某项特定任务所需付出的努力。常见搭配用法如下： • put more effort into your work 把更多精力花在工作上 • be (well) worth the effort （非常）值得付出努力 • make an effort/every effort to do sth 尽力、努力去做某事 ① If you ________ more ________ ________ your study, you will get better grades. 如果你把更多精力花在学习上，你会取得更好的成绩。 ② Learning English is difficult, but it ________ well ________ the ________. 学习英语难，但它非常值得付出努力。 ③ I will ________ ________ ________ ________ finish my reading this weekend. 这个周末我会努力完成我的阅读任务。 ①put effort into ②is worth effort ③make an/every effort to 3. talent / talented 【探究】talent 作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“才能；天赋；天才”，与 gift 同义。形容词为 talented，与 gifted 同义。常见的搭配用法如下： • be talented in ... = have a talent for ... 在……方面有天赋 • show a talent for ... 展现出……方面的天赋 • have many talents 有很多才艺 ① My cousin is talented ________ playing basketball. = My cousin has a talent ________ playing basketball. 我的表哥在打篮球方面很有天赋。 ② The little girl ________ a great talent ________ drawing when she was only five. 这个小女孩在只有五岁时就展现出了巨大的绘画天赋。 ③ I admire people who have many ________. 我钦佩那些有很多才艺的人。 ①in for ②showed for ③talents 4. search 【典句】The police have searched the neighbourhood for the missing child. 为了寻找那个失踪的孩子，警察已经把社区都搜遍了。 【探究】search 作及物动词时，指“搜查”某个地点或对象；作不及物动词时，指“寻找”某个目标；作名词，则指“搜索”这一行为或过程。常见搭配用法如下： • search for sb/sth = look for sb/sth 寻找某人/某物 • search + 地点 + for sb/sth 在某地寻找某人/某物 • in search of ... 搜寻…… ① The police ________ ________ ________ yesterday. 警察昨天搜查了该医院。 ② She ________ the kitchen ________ a drink. = She went into the kitchen ________ ________ ________ a drink. = She went into the kitchen to ________ ________ a drink. 她进入厨房去找喝的。 ③ The man took her suitcase from her and then ________ ________. 那名男子拿过她手中的手提箱，然后对她搜身。 ①searched the hospital ②searched for in search of search/look for ③searched her 5. familiar 【典句】We hope you are familiar with the arts: Chinese dance, calligraphy, music, etc. 我们希望您能熟悉这些艺术形式：中国舞蹈、书法、音乐等。 【探究】familiar 作形容词，意为“熟悉的”，指某人熟悉某物或某物对某人来说是熟悉的，反义词为 unfamiliar。常见搭配用法如下： • sb + be familiar with sth 某人对某物熟悉 • sth + look/sound familiar 某物看起来/听起来是熟悉的 • sth + be familiar to sb 某物为某人所熟悉 ① I am familiar ________ that book. 我熟悉那本书。 ② That book is familiar ________ me. 那本书对我来说是熟悉的。 ③ This song sounds familiar ________ everyone. 这首歌大家听起来都很耳熟。 ④ The language is ________ ________ him. 这种语言对他来说很陌生。 ①with ②to ③to ④unfamiliar to ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示或语境完成文段。 Last month, our teacher told us that a local animal shelter was ________ need of supplies. Our class decided to ________ (努力) to help them. We started a two-week activity to ________ (为……募捐) the shelter. Some people donated old clothes and food ________ the animals. To find out what else the shelter needed, we searched ________ its "Wish List" online. My friend, Jack, who is talented ________ art, drew amazing posters to advertise our activity. The name of the shelter, "Paws and Claws", is familiar ________ many people in our town now because of our activity. in ；make an effort ；collect donations for ；to ；for ；in ；to 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $