Unit 1 Cultural Heritage（知识清单）英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语单元知识清单围绕“文化遗产”主题，全面覆盖词汇、语法、写作三大核心模块。词汇部分细分为阅读词汇、写作词汇、词汇变形等五类，语法聚焦定语从句的考情分析与用法对比，写作提供从话题分析到范文背诵的完整框架，为学生搭建从基础积累到综合运用的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“词汇分层+语法精析+写作模板”的立体架构，突出实用性与系统性。词汇模块通过“熟词生义”专栏（如document的“记录”义项）帮助学生拓展语境理解能力，语法部分设计“限制性与非限制性定语从句对比表”培养思维品质，写作环节提供“书信/演讲稿”框架及倒装、非谓语等高级句式模板。练习题涵盖默写、语法填空等多元题型，标注易错点（如preserve/protect辨析），既便利学生自主检测，也为教师精准教学提供支持，有效提升语言能力与文化意识。

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.heritage n. ________（指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色） 2.temple n. ________ 3.relic n. ________ 4.clue n. ________ 5.dam n. ________ 6.committee n. ________ 7.fund n. ________ 8.document n. ________；（计算机）________ vt. ________ 9.republic n. ________ 10.archaeologist n. ________ 11.pyramid n.（古埃及的）； 12.sheet n. 一________（纸）； ________ 13.parade n. ________vi. ________庆祝；________示威 14.mirror n. ________ 15.digital adj. ________；________ 16.image n. ________ 17.cave n. ________ 18.quote vt. ________ 二、写作词汇： 1.________ n. 山峰 vt. 爬上；骑上 vi. 爬；登上 2.________ n. 抗议 vi. & vt. (公开) 反对；抗议 3.________ vt. 阻止；阻碍；阻挠 4.________ n. 部；司；科 5.________ n. 重要议题；争论的问题 vt. 宣布；公布 6.________ n. & vt. 企图；试图；尝试 7.________ adj. 值得做的；值得花时间的 8.________ vt. 下载 n. 下载；已下载的数据资料 9.________ n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工 10.________ adj. 海外的 adv. 在海外 11.________ n. 出口；通道 vi. & vt. 出去；离去 12.________ n. 顶部；屋顶 13.________ n. 龙 14.________ prep. 各处；遍及；自始至终 15.________ n. 质量；品质；素质；特征 adj. 优质的；高质量的 16.________ adv. (far 的比较级) 更远；进一步 17.________ n. 意见；想法；看法 18.________ n. 对比；对照 vt. 对比；对照 19.________ adv. 永远；长久地 三、词汇变形： 1.________ adj. 创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的 → ________ adv. 创造性地；有创造力地 → ________ n. 创造力；创造性 → ________ vt. 创造 → ________ n. 创造；创作；作品 2.________ n. 申请 (表); 用途；运用；应用 (程序) → ________ vi. 申请 vt. 应用；使用 → ________ n. 申请人 3.________ n. 提议；建议 → ________ vt. 建议；提议 4.________ adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地 → (反) ________ adj. 不可能的 adv. 不可能地 5.________ n. 限度；限制 vt. 限制；限定 → ________ adj. 有限的 → (反) ________ adj. 无限的 6.________ n. 丧失；损失 → ________ vt. 丢失；丧失；迷路 → ________ adj. 丢失的 7.________ n. 入口；进入 → ________ vi. & vt. 进入 8.________ adj. 历史上著名 (或重要) 的；有史时期的 → ________ n. 历史 → ________ n. 历史学家 → ________ adj. (有关) 历史的；历史上的 9.________ n. 比较；相比 → ________ vt. & vi. 与…… 相比较 10.________ vt. 确认；认出；找到 → ________ n. 身份 → ________ n. 识别；身份证明 四、拓展词汇 1.donate ...to ... 2.lead to 3.make sure 4.turn to 5.take part in 6.work together for a better tomorrow 7.keep balance 8.give way to ；屈服 9.at the entrance to 10.make a proposal 11.prevent ...from ... ；不准 12.be familiar with 五、熟词生义 1. mount 常见义项：n. 山（如 Mount Tai） 生义：v. 登上；爬上 ▶ 教材语境：mount the platform（登上讲台） ▶ 例句：He mounted the stairs slowly, carrying a heavy box. 2. process 常见义项：n. 过程；步骤 生义：v. 处理；加工 ▶ 教材语境：与文化遗产保护相关的 “process data”（处理数据） ▶ 例句：The company processes old documents to digitize cultural relics. 3. document 常见义项：n. 文件；文献 生义：v. 记录；用文件证明 ▶ 教材用法：document the heritage site（记录遗产地） ▶ 例句：Photographers documented the ancient temple before its restoration. 4. conduct 常见义项：n. 行为；举止 生义：v. 组织；实施；进行 ▶ 教材语境：conduct an investigation（开展调查） ▶ 例句：The committee will conduct a survey on cultural relics protection. 5. issue 常见义项：n. 问题；议题 生义：v. 发布；颁布；发出 ▶ 教材用法：issue a policy（发布政策） ▶ 例句：The government issued a statement to protect cultural heritage. 6. balance 常见义项：n. 平衡 生义：v. 使平衡；权衡 ▶ 教材用法：balance study and rest（平衡学习与休息） ▶ 例句：She balanced the plate on her hand while walking. 7. lead to 常见义项：导致（后接结果） 生义：通向（物理方向） ▶ 教材语境：The path leads to the ancient temple.（小路通向古庙） ▶ 例句：This road leads to the entrance of the heritage site. 8. fund 常见义项：n. 基金；资金 生义：v. 资助；为…… 提供资金 ▶ 教材用法：fund the preservation project（资助保护项目） ▶ 例句：The organization is funded by donations from the public. 9. exit 常见义项：n. 出口 生义：v. 离开；退出 ▶ 教材语境：exit the cave（离开洞穴） ▶ 例句：Visitors are required to exit the heritage site before 5 p.m. 10. mirror 常见义项：n. 镜子 生义：v. 反映；映照 ▶ 教材语境：The film mirrors the history of cultural heritage.（电影反映文化遗产历史） ▶ 例句：Her actions mirror her deep love for traditional culture. 11. quality 常见义项：n. 质量；品质 生义：adj. 优质的；高质量的（较少见，需结合语境） ▶ 教材语境：quality cultural relics（优质文物） ▶ 例句：They use quality materials to restore the ancient building. 写作 句型 句型公式 1：There comes a time when ...（……的时代已经到来） 译文：_________________________________________________________________________ 译文：_________________________________________________________________________ 句型公式 2：not only ... but (also) ...（不但……而且……） 译文：_________________________________________________________________________ 译文：_________________________________________________________________________ 句型公式 3：neither ... nor ...（既不……也不……） 译文：_________________________________________________________________________ 译文：_________________________________________________________________________ 语法 定语从句 写作 写一封信介绍一场关于“文化遗产保护”的讲座 1、 知识点精讲 [1. creative adj. 创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的] 【教材原句】： Students from different countries are working creatively to protect a temple in China.（出自教材第2页Listening and Speaking 部分） 【归纳拓展】： - creative thinking 创造性思维 - creative solution 创造性的解决方案 - creativity n. 创造力；创造性 【链接高考】： ① (2022年全国甲卷阅读理解A篇) This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do creative things. ② (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解七选五，第37题) Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? ③ (2022年全国甲卷阅读理解A篇) Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：I believe that creative ideas are badly needed to make our school's cultural festival more attractive and meaningful. - 读后续写：Faced with the seemingly unsolvable puzzle, the young detective applied his creative thinking and finally uncovered the truth hidden beneath the surface. 【易混辨析】： - creative 强调“具有创造力，能产生新颖、独特的东西”，常用于形容人、想法、作品等。 - innovative 更强调“引入新事物、新方法，尤其在已有基础上进行革新”，常用于科技、设计、制度等领域。 典型例句对比： - creative: She is a creative artist who always invents surprising color combinations. - innovative: The company introduced an innovative production line that doubled output. 【单句语法填空】： ① The young artist is known for his ______ (create) use of colors and materials. ② We need to think ______ (creative) to find a way out of this difficult situation. ③ The ______ (create) of this amazing work took him almost three years. [2. preserve vt. 保存；保护；维持 n. 保护区] 【教材原句】： There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.（出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - preserve sth from... 保护某物免受…… - well-preserved 保存良好的 - preservation n. 保存；保护 【链接高考】： ① (2024年全国甲卷语法填空，第46-47题) This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. ② (2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷语法填空，第40-41题) The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations”. ③ (2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇) The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：Our school is launching a campaign to preserve the local cultural heritage, and we sincerely invite all students to participate. - 读后续写：Determined to preserve the old man's precious memories, the young volunteer spent months organizing his photo albums and recording his stories. 【易混辨析】： - preserve 强调“保持原状、防止变质或损坏”，侧重“维持原有状态”，可指保护文物、保存食物等。 - protect 强调“使免受伤害、攻击或损失”，侧重“提供安全屏障”。 - conserve 强调“节约使用、避免浪费”，常用于自然资源、能源等，也可指“使（文化遗产）持续存在”。 典型例句对比： - preserve: We should preserve these ancient manuscripts from decay. - protect: Wearing a helmet protects your head from injury. - conserve: The government encourages citizens to conserve water during the drought. 【单句语法填空】： ① The ancient temple has been well ______ (preserve) for over a thousand years. ② We should take measures ______ (preserve) these historic buildings from being damaged. ③ The ______ (preserve) of cultural heritage is of great importance to a nation. [3. promote vt. 促进；提升；推销；晋级] 【教材原句】： The purpose of the camp is to promote Mount Tai by introducing it to young people in a fun and easy way.（出自教材第7页阅读课文"PROMOTING CULTURE THROUGH DIGITAL IMAGES"） 【归纳拓展】： - promote economic growth 促进经济增长 - promote cultural exchanges 促进文化交流 - be promoted to 被提升到…… - promotion n. 促进；提升；促销 【链接高考】： ① (2022年全国乙卷语法填空，第65题) China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. ② (2022年全国乙卷语法填空，第47题) The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges. ③ (2022年全国甲卷语法填空，第65题) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental protection. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：This activity is aimed at promoting students' awareness of cultural heritage protection and encouraging them to take action. - 读后续写：Promoted to the position of team leader, the young man felt a great sense of responsibility and worked even harder than before. 【易混辨析】： - promote 泛指“推动事物向前发展”，可用于促进活动、提升职位、推销产品等，适用范围广。 - advance 侧重“向前推进”，常指科技进步、事业发展，或提出理论、观点。 - boost 侧重“提高、增加”，常指提升数量、水平、信心等，语气较口语化。 典型例句对比： - promote: The new policy aims to promote trade between the two countries. - advance: His research has greatly advanced our understanding of the disease. - boost: A good breakfast can boost your energy for the whole morning. 【单句语法填空】： ① The new policy aims ______ (promote) the balanced development of education in urban and rural areas. ② She worked hard and was soon ______ (promote) to senior manager. ③ The ______ (promote) of cultural heritage is essential for maintaining national identity. [4. application n. 申请；申请书；应用；运用] 【教材原句】： The application of new technologies can help to protect our cultural heritage.（出自教材第6页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - make an application (to sb) for sth （向某人）申请某事 - application form 申请表 - apply vt. 申请；应用 vi. 适用 - applied adj. 应用的；实用的 【链接高考】： ① (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇) And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. ② (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇) I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. ③ (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇) What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. ④ (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇) When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：I am writing to make an application for the volunteer position in the cultural heritage protection project. - 读后续写：Having submitted his application at the last minute, the young man waited anxiously for the reply, his heart pounding with hope and fear. 【易混辨析】： - application 指“正式的书面申请”或“理论、技术等的实际运用”，强调“将理论付诸实践”或“正式请求”。 - request 指“口头或书面的请求”，语气较正式，但不一定是书面申请。 - use 泛指“使用、利用”，是最通用的词，强调“用某物做某事”。 典型例句对比： - application: The application of solar energy has greatly reduced electricity costs in this area. - request: The teacher made a request for more books for the school library. - use: We should make good use of our time to achieve more. 【单句语法填空】： ① The ______ (apply) of this new teaching method has proved very effective. ② She made an application ______ the scholarship to support her further study. ③ All ______ (apply) should fill in the form and attach their resume. [5. balance n. 平衡；均匀 vt. 使平衡] 【教材原句】： Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. （出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡 - keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持平衡 - balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 【链接高考】： ① (2025年全国一卷语法填空，第63-64题) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. ② (2022年全国甲卷&乙卷听力长对话第16题) It's kind of hard to find a balance between what you have to do and what you want to do. ③ (2022年全国甲卷&乙卷听力长对话第16题) Yeah, it's really important for me to balance study and work. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：As students, we should keep a balance between our academic studies and extracurricular activities to achieve all-round development. - 读后续写：Balancing the heavy schoolbag on one shoulder, the little girl hurried to catch the last bus, her heart pounding with anxiety. 【易混辨析】： - balance 指“不同事物之间保持适当的比例或均衡”，强调“协调、不偏重”。 - equality 指“数量、价值、地位等方面的完全相等”，强调“等同”。 - harmony 指“各部分之间协调一致、融洽相处”，强调“和谐、统一”。 典型例句对比： - balance: You need to balance your work and family life. - equality: The law requires equality between men and women in the workplace. - harmony: The neighbors live in harmony with each other. 【单句语法填空】： ① It is difficult ______ (balance) the needs of different groups in society. ② She lost her ______ (balance) and fell off the bike. ③ A ______ (balance) diet is important for maintaining good health. [6. proposal n. 提议；建议；提案] 【教材原句】： But the proposal led to protests.（出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - make/put forward a proposal 提出建议/提案 - accept/reject a proposal 接受/拒绝提案 - propose vt. 提议；建议 【链接高考】： ① (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇，第25题) What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：I would like to put forward a proposal that our school should organize more volunteer activities to help the elderly in our community. - 读后续写：Having listened to everyone's opinions, the chairman put forward a proposal that surprised all the members present. 【易混辨析】： - proposal 指“正式提出的建议、计划或方案”，常用于会议、商业、政治等正式场合，强调“供讨论或批准”。 - suggestion 指“一般的建议或意见”，语气较随意，适用范围更广，不一定是正式的。 - recommendation 指“基于经验或专业知识的建议”，强调“推荐”，通常含有“值得采纳”的意味。 典型例句对比： - proposal: The government's proposal to raise taxes was rejected by parliament. - suggestion: She made a helpful suggestion about where to eat. - recommendation: The doctor's recommendation is to get at least eight hours of sleep. 【单句语法填空】： ① The government ______ (proposal) a new plan to protect the historical sites. ② His proposal ______ (build) a new library was supported by most of the students. ③ The proposal ______ (put) forward at yesterday's meeting has been rejected. [7. protest n. 抗议；反对 vi. & vt. (公开)反对；抗议] 【教材原句】： But the proposal led to protests.（出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - in protest at/against 抗议…… - protest against 反对…… - make a protest 提出抗议 【链接高考】： ① (1999年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 完形填空第32题) Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the church and have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. ② (2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）完形填空第52题) “But Dad, it's 18 miles!” My protests and apologies were useless. Dad walked home that day. ③ (2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）完形填空第49题) I told her that I couldn't put her to that trouble, but she brushed aside my protests. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：Some students protested against the decision to cancel the annual school trip, arguing that it was an important part of their school life. - 读后续写：In protest at the unjust treatment he had received, the young man decided to speak out, his voice trembling with anger and determination. 【易混辨析】： - protest 指“通过口头或行动公开表达反对”，强调“公开、明确”，可作名词或动词。 - object 指“不赞同、反对”，语气较委婉，常接介词to，强调“提出不同意见”。 - oppose 指“反对、抵制”，语气较强，强调“积极抵抗或阻止”，常用于政治、政策等语境。 典型例句对比： - protest: The workers protested against the pay cut by going on strike. - object: I object to being treated like a child. - oppose: Many people oppose the new law because it restricts freedom of speech. 【单句语法填空】： ① The workers went on strike ______ (protest) against the company's decision to cut their wages. ② Many people made a strong ______ (protest) about the new traffic regulations. ③ She ______ (protest) that she had been wrongly accused of the crime. [8. conduct vt. 实施；执行；指挥；引导 n. 行为；举止] 【教材原句】： Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved.（出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - conduct a survey/an experiment 进行调查/实验 - conduct research 进行研究 - conduct oneself 表现；举止得体 【链接高考】： ① (2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷听力第14题) What is the man doing? (选项设置) B. Hosting a workshop. C. Conducting an interview. ② (2024年新课标全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解A篇) We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：We plan to conduct a survey among students to learn about their opinions on the school's new uniform policy. - 读后续写：Conducting himself with remarkable calmness in the face of danger, the young firefighter saved three people from the burning building. 【易混辨析】： - conduct 指“组织并实施”某项活动、实验、调查等，强调“执行、管理”；也可指“指挥（乐队）”或“引导”。 - perform 指“执行、履行”某项任务、职责或表演，强调“完成动作或展示技能”。 - carry out 是动词短语，意为“执行、实施（计划、命令等）”，强调“将某事付诸实践”，与conduct近义，但更口语化。 典型例句对比： - conduct: The manager conducted a meeting to discuss the new project. - perform: The surgeon performed the operation successfully. - carry out: The soldiers carried out the orders without hesitation. 【单句语法填空】： ① The scientists ______ (conduct) an experiment to test the new drug's effectiveness. ② The orchestra was ______ (conduct) by a famous musician from Vienna. ③ The student's ______ (conduct) in class has greatly improved this semester. [9. process n. 过程；进程 vt. 加工；处理] 【归纳拓展】： - in the process of 在……的过程中 - process information 处理信息 - production process 生产过程 【链接高考】： ① (2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）阅读理解) The process is tiring. ② (2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）阅读理解) In the process of finding your talents, you should not forget the weaknesses as well. ③ (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B篇) When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：The process of applying for the exchange program may seem complicated, but we are here to help you every step of the way. - 读后续写：In the process of searching for the lost treasure, the adventurers discovered something far more valuable——the true meaning of friendship. 【易混辨析】： - process 指“一系列连续的操作或变化”，强调“步骤、阶段和进展”，可作名词或动词。 - procedure 指“特定的、正式的操作程序或步骤”，强调“规范性”和“固定的流程”。 - progress 指“向前发展、进步”，强调“前进的方向和取得的成果”，不可数名词。 典型例句对比： - process: The manufacturing process involves several stages. - procedure: Please follow the safety procedure when using the machine. - progress: We have made great progress in our research. 【单句语法填空】： ① The new factory is still in the ______ (process) of being built. ② It takes a long time ______ (process) all the applications. ③ The ______ (process) of change is often slow and painful. 二、核心语法精讲 定语从句 考情速递（2024-2026） 考点类型 考查次数 考查年份范围 关系代词与关系副词的辨析 6 2024-2026 非限制性定语从句 5 2024-2026 “介词+关系代词” 4 2024-2026 主谓一致陷阱 3 2024-2026 【感知·语法规律】 教材原文感知 1.“There comes a time when the old must give way to the new” 先行词为 “time”，表示时间，关系词 “when” 在从句中作时间状语。 2.“The project, which was led by the local government, aimed to protect the ancient temple.” 先行词为 “project”，关系词 “which” 在从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，对 “project” 进行补充说明。 3.“The scientists who were responsible for the research made great contributions.” （必修二 Unit1 改写） 先行词为 “scientists”，指人，关系词 “who” 在从句中作主语。 高考真题感知 1.（2022年全国乙卷语法填空） But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 2.（2024年新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空） The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route ______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 3.（2025年高考北京卷语法填空） She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare ______ seemed to be struggling. 4.（2025年全国高考一卷语法填空） They line up in front of stands ______ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 5.（2026年高考北京卷语法填空） So far, this model has produced well-known universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society, which allows everybody ______ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 【精讲·语法知识】 关系代词的用法 1.that：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The girl that is singing on the stage is my sister.（作主语） 例句：The book (that) I borrowed from the library is very useful.（作宾语） 2.which：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The building which stands near the river is our school.（作主语） 例句：The pen (which) he lost yesterday was a birthday gift.（作宾语） 3.who：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The man who is talking to our teacher is my father.（作主语） 例句：The person (who) we met at the party was very friendly.（作宾语） 4.whom：指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用 who 或 that 代替。 例句：The woman whom we helped just now is a famous singer.（作宾语） 5.whose：既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。 例句：The boy whose hair is brown is from America.（指人） 例句：The house whose windows face south is very bright.（指物） 关系副词的用法 1.when：引导定语从句时，先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 2.where：引导定语从句时，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。 例句：This is the place where we had a picnic last week. 3.why：引导定语从句时，先行词常常为 reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 例句：The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句对比 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 核心定义 对先行词起限定作用，是句子必要成分 对先行词起补充说明作用，是句子非必要成分 标点符号 无逗号分隔 用逗号与主句隔开 引导词 可用 that / who / whom / which / whose / where / when 不可用 that，可用 who / whom / which / whose / where / when / as 先行词类型 普通名词、不定代词（如 all, any 等） 单个名词、代词、整个主句（which/as 引导时） 语义功能 明确先行词的范围或属性，省略会改变句意 提供附加信息，省略后不影响主句核心意思 典型例句 The girl who wears glasses is my classmate. （限定“戴眼镜的女孩”） My father, who is a doctor, likes playing chess. （补充职业，主句核心是“喜欢下棋”） 翻译逻辑 通常译为先行词的修饰语，如“……的” 通常译为并列分句，如“，他/它……” 特殊注意① — which 可指代整个主句，如：He failed the exam, which made him sad. 特殊注意② — as 可引导从句，如：As we know, the earth is round. 专有名词作先行词 较少见，通常用限制性 通常用非限制性，如：Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. 1.限制性定语从句：与先行词关系紧密，对先行词起修饰限定作用，若去掉从句，主句意思不完整或失去意义。不用逗号与先行词隔开。 例句：The students who work hard will get good grades. 2.非限制性定语从句：与先行词关系松散，是对先行词的附加说明，去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整。用逗号与先行词隔开。不能用 that 引导，关系词不可省略。 例句：My mother, who is a teacher, likes reading. 以下是通过同一基础句子，分别使用限制性和非限制性定语从句导致语义差异的典型例子： 先行词类型 从句类型与核心差异 典例 人（群体） 限制性定语从句：区分部分 The teachers who arrive early will get a bonus. → 只有部分早到的老师获奖 非限制性定语从句：说明全体 The teachers, who arrive early, will get a bonus. → 全体老师都早到，且都获奖 事物（唯一性） 限制性定语从句：限定具体哪套 The house that he bought last year is now for sale. → 特指去年买的那一套（可能有多套房） 非限制性定语从句：仅附加信息 The house, which he bought last year, is now for sale. → 唯一住房，补充购买时间 地点（专有名词） 限制性定语从句：缩小范围 The city where she grew up has changed a lot. → 特指她长大的城市（可能存在多个） 非限制性定语从句：背景补充 Shanghai, where she grew up, has changed a lot. → 专有名词上海，补充成长背景 时间（年份） 限制性定语从句：附加事件 The year when the war ended was 1945. → 特指战争结束的那一年（排除其他年份） 非限制性定语从句：定义年份 1945, when the war ended, was a historic year. → 1945年已知，补充事件背景 抽象概念 限制性定语从句：性限定途径 Success that comes from hard work is meaningful. → 特指努力得来的成功（非其他途径） 非限制性定语从句：普遍说明 Success, which comes from hard work, is meaningful. → 对成功的普遍解释（所有成功都如此） 例 1： The students who failed the exam must retake it." →限制性：（那些没通过考试的学生必须补考。）限定特定学生群体，其他学生无需补考。 "The students, who failed the exam, must retake it." → 非限制性：（学生们没通过考试，必须补考。）所有学生都没通过，全体补考。 例 2： "I like books that challenge my perspective." → 限制性：（我喜欢能挑战我观点的书。）只喜欢特定类型的书，而非全部。 "I like books, which challenge my perspective." →非限制性：（我喜欢书，它们能挑战我的观点。）喜欢所有书，并补充说明书的共性。 【对点练习】 单句填空（含复杂结构与特殊用法）​ 1.The man you think is reliable turned out to be a fraud. 2.This is the reason he gave for his absence, sounds unconvincing. 3.The day will come soon we will use the new energy vehicle that/which is invented by our company. 4.She is the only one of the students who/that able to answer this question which about ancient history. 5.The house, the windows of face the south, belongs to a famous writer has written many popular novels. 单句改错（含多重错误与易混点） 1.The woman who her daughter is in my class is a doctor working in a big hospital. 2.I still remember the days when we spent together in the countryside last year. 3.The factory where we visited yesterday produces electronic products that exports to Europe. 4.He is the student whose the composition won the first prize in the competition held last week. 5.The reason why he explained at the meeting for his mistake made all of us angry. 翻译句子（含长难句与高级表达） 1.那个在会议上提出保护文化遗产建议的专家，其观点得到了政府的高度认可。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.我们正在寻找一个既有丰富教学经验又能与学生良好沟通的老师。 ___________________________________________________________________________​ 3.她向我们展示了她在国外旅行时拍的所有照片，其中大部分都充满了异国风情。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 4.我永远不会忘记我在英国学习的那段时间，在那时我交到了很多志同道合的朋友。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 5.他创作的这部小说，不仅讲述了一个感人的故事，还反映了社会的种种问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 三、单元写作清单 写作话题：文化遗产（Cultural Heritage） 适用体裁：书信、报道、演讲稿 适用场景：介绍活动、提出建议、表达观点 1. 话题分析 是什么：文化遗产包含物质文化遗产（如长城、故宫）和非物质文化遗产（如剪纸、京剧）。 为什么重要：它们是民族智慧的结晶，承载历史记忆，具有教育、艺术和旅游价值。 面临问题：自然侵蚀、人为破坏、保护意识不足、传承人老龄化等。 怎么做：通过立法保护、教育宣传、创新传承（如数字化记录、文创产品）等方式守护遗产。 2. 写作框架（三段式） 体裁 开头（引入话题） 主体（展开细节） 结尾（总结呼吁） 书信 问候 + 写信目的（如分享经历、提出建议） 按时间/逻辑顺序描述活动、问题或建议 表达期待（如“期待你的回信”）+ 行动呼吁 报道 交代活动时间、地点、主题、参与人员 介绍活动过程（如讲座内容、展示项目、互动环节） 总结活动意义（如“活动增强了保护意识”） 演讲稿 点明演讲主题（如“守护我们的根”）+ 引起听众兴趣 分点论述观点（如重要性→问题→措施），多用过渡词（Firstly） 升华主题 + 强烈呼吁（如“让我们从现在做起！”） 3. 写作素材 高频词汇 核心名词：cultural heritage（文化遗产）, cultural relics（文物）, intangible heritage（非物质文化遗产）, civilization（文明）, generation（代） 动词短语：pass down（传承）, take measures（采取措施）, raise awareness（提高意识）, contribute to（贡献） 形容词：precious（珍贵的）, ancient（古老的）, diverse（多样的）, endangered（濒危的） 经典句式 功能 句式 开头 ① Recently, our school launched a campaign themed “...”. ② It is my great honor to speak here about... 主体 ① Not only does it represent... but it also reflects...（倒装） ② Faced with severe challenges, we must...（非谓语） ③ The reason why we should protect... is that...（复合句） 结尾 ① Only by working together can we...（倒装） ② Let’s spare no effort to... 4. 范文背诵 范文一（书信：介绍文化遗产活动） 亮点：非谓语（Having attended）、倒装（Not only...but also）、复合句（what impressed me most） Dear Tom, How's everything? I’m writing to share my unforgettable experience at the “Intangible Cultural Heritage Campus Tour” held in our school last Friday. Having attended the event, I was deeply impressed by the paper-cutting workshop and Peking Opera performance. Not only did the inheritors demonstrate their exquisite skills, but also they encouraged us to try hands-on. What impressed me most was the shadow play, which told stories about local history. This activity made me realize that protecting heritage is not just about preserving old objects, but keeping our cultural roots alive. Only by embracing tradition creatively can we pass it down to future generations. Looking forward to your sharing! Yours, Li Hua 范文二（议论文：保护文化遗产的紧迫性） 亮点：倒装（Only when...）、非谓语（Endangered by...）、复合句（Since...so...） “Protect Our Roots, Secure Our Future” Only when we fully understand the value of cultural heritage can we take effective action. Endangered by pollution, tourism, and modernization, sites like the Great Wall are fading away. Since heritage contains our ancestors’ wisdom, so must we treat it with respect. Firstly, governments should tighten laws against vandalism. Secondly, schools can integrate heritage education into curricula. Finally, every citizen should act as a guardian—not just admiring relics, but reporting damage in time. Only through joint efforts can we ensure our children still marvel at the beauty of their history. Let’s act now! 建议： 1.范文可灵活替换题目关键词（如“讲座”→“展览”，“长城”→“当地古建筑”）。 2.背诵时重点关注划线句的语法结构，并尝试模仿造句。 易错点01 preserve / protect / prevent 辨析 【一句话辨异】 We should preserve the ancient temple from being damaged, protect it from natural disasters, and prevent anyone from painting graffiti on its walls. 我们应该保存这座古庙免遭破坏，保护它免受自然灾害侵袭，并阻止任何人在其墙上涂鸦。 【助记口诀】 preserve 保“原样”， protect 护“安全”， prevent 防“发生” ——三“保”分工各不同。 【错因辨析】 这三个词都含“保护”之意，但侧重点和用法截然不同： 1. preserve vt. 保存；保护；维持（侧重“保持原状、完好保存”，使某物免受破坏或变质） preserve ... from ... 保护……免受…… 常见搭配：preserve cultural heritage / preserve historical sites / well-preserved 例句：The government has taken measures to preserve the old town from being torn down. 政府已采取措施保护这座古镇免遭拆除。 拓展：preservation n. 保护；保存；preserved adj. 保护的；腌制的 2. protect vt. 保护（侧重“使免受伤害、危险”，强调采取防护措施） protect ... from / against ... 保护……不受……侵袭 例句：We should wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the strong sunlight. 我们应该戴太阳镜保护眼睛免受强光伤害。 3. prevent vt. 阻止；阻碍；阻挠（侧重“防止某事发生”，强调“不让……做……”） prevent / stop / keep ... from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 注意：在主动语态中，prevent ... from ... 中的 from 可以省略；但在被动语态中，from 不可省略。 例句：The heavy rain prevented us (from) going camping. 大雨阻止了我们去露营。 【对点训练】 ( )1.The local government has set up a nature reserve to ______ the endangered wildlife ______ being hunted. A. preserve; from B. protect; against C. prevent; from D. A and B ( )2.To ______ the cultural heritage, the museum uses advanced technology to ______ the paintings from air pollution. A. preserve; protect B. protect; preserve C. prevent; protect D. preserve; prevent 易错点02 give way to / give in to / give up 辨析 【一句话辨异】 The old building had to give way to the new railway, but the local residents never gave up fighting to save it; however, they finally had to give in to the government's decision. 这座老建筑不得不让位于新铁路，但当地居民从未放弃争取保留它；然而，他们最终不得不屈从于政府的决定。 【助记口诀】 give way 让“位置”，give in 认“输理”，give up 放“弃”己。 【错因辨析】 1. give way to 让步；屈服；让位于 侧重“被……取代、让出位置”，宾语通常是物或抽象概念（如新事物、时代变迁等） 例句：Traditional customs gradually gave way to modern lifestyles. 传统习俗逐渐让位于现代生活方式。 例句：We should never give way to difficulties. 我们绝不应该向困难屈服。 2. give in to 向……屈服/让步 侧重“在争论、压力等面前认输、妥协”，主语通常是人，宾语可以是人或抽象事物 例句：After hours of argument, he finally gave in to his wife's request. 经过数小时争论，他最终向妻子的要求让步了。 3. give up 放弃；投降；抛弃 侧重“停止做某事或放弃某物”，后接名词、代词或动名词 例句：Never give up your dream of protecting cultural heritage. 永远不要放弃保护文化遗产的梦想。 【对点训练】 ( )1.With the development of modern technology, traditional handicrafts are gradually ______ modern industrial products. A. giving in to B. giving way to C. giving up D. giving away ( )2.After a long debate, the committee finally ______ the protesters' demands and agreed to preserve the ancient site. A. gave way to B. gave up C. gave in to D. gave away 易错点03 take part in / join / join in / attend 辨析 【一句话辨异】 I joined the Heritage Protection Club last year, and I often take part in the activities organized by it; yesterday I joined in the discussion about how to attend an international heritage conference online. 我去年加入了遗产保护俱乐部，经常参加它组织的活动；昨天我参加了关于如何线上参加国际遗产会议的讨论。 【助记口诀】 join 入“组织”，join in 入“活动”，take part in “起作用”，attend 出“席”会。 【错因辨析】 1. take part in 参加（有组织的群众性活动），并在其中发挥一定作用 part前若有修饰语，可用 take an active part in（积极参加） 例句：Everyone should take an active part in protecting cultural heritage. 每个人都应该积极参与保护文化遗产。 2. join 加入（党派、团体、组织等），成为其中一员 也可用于 join sb. (in doing sth.) 加入某人一起做某事 例句：He joined the army / the club / the Party. 他参军了/加入俱乐部了/入党了。 3. join in 参加（正在进行的活动，如游戏、讨论、谈话等） 常用结构：join in sth. 或 join sb. in sth. 例句：Would you like to join in the discussion? 你愿意加入讨论吗？ 4. attend 出席、参加（会议、婚礼、讲座、学校等） 侧重“到场、出席”，不强调是否在其中发挥作用 例句：She attended an important meeting on cultural heritage protection. 她出席了一个关于文化遗产保护的重要会议。 【对点训练】 ( )1.More than 500 people ______ the international conference on cultural heritage held in Beijing last month. A. joined B. took part in C. joined in D. attended ( )2.I ______ the school's Heritage Protection Club two years ago and have ______ many meaningful activities since then. A. joined; taken part in B. took part in; joined C. attended; joined in D. joined in; attended 易错点04 限制性定语从句中关系代词 that / which / who 的选择 【一句话辨异】 This is the famous museum that/which was built in the Ming Dynasty and the expert who/that gave us a wonderful lecture is a specialist in cultural relics. 这就是那座建于明朝的著名博物馆，给我们做精彩讲座的那位专家是一位文物专家。 【助记口诀】 that 指人又指物，which 只能指物属； who 指人作主语，whom 作宾要记住； 下列情况只用 that——最高、序数、不定代，既指人又指物，who/which 开头要避开。 【错因辨析】 定语从句是本单元的核心语法重点。关系代词的选择是最大易错点： 1. that 和 which 的区别——只能用 that 的六种情况： ① 先行词既指人又指物时 例句：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他谈到了他拜访过的老师和学校。 ② 先行词被 all, every, any, little, much, no 等不定代词修饰，或先行词本身是 all, much, everything, anything, nothing 等 例句：All that I want is to protect this cultural relic. 我所想要的就是保护这件文物。 ③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰 例句：This is the most beautiful temple that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最美的寺庙。 ④ 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same 修饰 例句：This is the very heritage site that we are looking for. 这正是我们在寻找的遗产地。 ⑤ 有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词 例句：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered. 他们谈论了他们记得的人和事。 ⑥ 主句以 who, what, which 开头的特殊疑问句 例句：Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那里的那个人是谁？ 2. who / whom / that 指人： who 作主语 whom 作宾语（在口语或非正式文体中可用 who 代替） that 可作主语或宾语（指人时可用 who 代替） 3. which 指物：可作主语或宾语 【对点训练】 ( )1.This is the most interesting cultural relic ______ I have ever visited in China. A. which B. that C. what D. who ( )2.The scientist ______ discovered the ancient tomb gave a detailed report at the conference. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose ( )3.She is the only student in our class ______ has visited the Mogao Caves. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 易错点05 contribute to / make a contribution to 的用法 【一句话辨异】 Everyone should contribute money and effort to the protection of cultural heritage, and together we can make a great contribution to passing on our precious traditions to future generations. 每个人都应该为保护文化遗产捐钱出力，共同努力我们就能为将宝贵传统传给后代做出巨大贡献。 【错因辨析】 1. contribute to 有助于；导致；向……投稿；捐献 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词 例句：Everyone should contribute to protecting cultural heritage. 每个人都应为保护文化遗产做贡献。 注意：contribute ... to ... 把……捐献给…… 2. make a contribution / contributions to 为……作出贡献 to 同样是介词，后接名词或动名词 例句：He made a great contribution to the preservation of the ancient city. 他为古城的保护做出了巨大贡献。 3. 易错点： ❌ 错误：contribute to do sth. ✅ 正确：contribute to doing sth.（to 是介词） ❌ 错误：make a contribution to do sth. ✅ 正确：make a contribution to doing sth. 【对点训练】 ( )1.The scientist ______ a lot ______ the research on the protection of cultural relics. A. contributed; to do B. contributed; to doing C. made contributions; to do D. contributed; for doing ( )2.All the volunteers are trying their best to ______ the success of the heritage protection project. A. contribute to B. contribute C. make contribution for D. contribute for 易错点06 be likely to do / It is likely that 的用法 【一句话辨异】 The ancient temple is likely to collapse if no action is taken, so it is likely that the government will start a restoration project soon. 如果不采取行动，这座古庙很可能会倒塌，所以政府很可能很快会启动修复项目。 【错因辨析】 1. be likely to do sth. 可能做某事 主语可以是人或物 例句：The old wall is likely to fall down in the heavy rain. 这面老墙在大雨中很可能会倒塌。 2. It is likely that ... 很可能…… It 作形式主语，that 从句是真正主语 例句：It is likely that the project will be completed next year. 这个项目很可能明年完工。 3. 易错点： ❌ 错误：It is likely to do sth.（缺少真正主语） ✅ 正确：It is likely that + 句子 ❌ 错误：Sb. is likely that ... ✅ 正确：Sb. is likely to do ... 注意：likely 是形容词，不是副词，前面用 be 动词 4. 否定形式： Sb. be unlikely to do sth. = It is unlikely that sb. ... 【对点训练】 ( ) 1. ______ the cultural heritage site will be open to the public next month. A. It is likely to B. It is likely that C. That is likely D. It is likely ( ) 2. The ancient city ______ destroyed if no effective measures are taken. A. likely to be B. is likely to be C. is likely that D. likely is 一、默写重点单词（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 根据首字母或中文提示，写出本单元所学单词的正确形式。 1. d___________ n. 争论，辩论 v. 辩论，争论 2. h___________ n. 遗产（指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色） 3. t___________ n. 庙；寺 4. r___________ n. 遗物；遗迹 5. c___________ n. 线索；提示 6. p___________ vt. 保存；保护；维持 n. 保护区 7. c___________ adj. 创造性的；有创造力的 8. d___________ vt. （尤指向慈善机构）捐赠；赠送；献（血） 9. p___________ vt. 促进；提升；推销 10. a___________ n. 申请（表）；用途；运用；应用（程序） 二、词汇运用（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The Great Wall is one of the most famous cultural ________ (site) in the world. 2. Many ancient relics ________ (damage) by natural disasters in recent years. 3. It is important for us ________ (preserve) our traditional customs. 4. The temple, ________ (build) in the 12th century, has been well maintained. 5. The government has taken measures ________ (protect) cultural heritage from being destroyed. 6. She devoted all her time to ________ (study) the history of local heritage. 7. ________ (fortunate), the fire didn’t cause much damage to the old building. 8. We need more ________ (profession) to help with the restoration work. 9. The project ________ (approve) by the committee last month. 10. Local businesses have agreed ________ (contribute) to the heritage protection fund. B. 根据汉语提示完成句子（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1. I believe old farming methods should ________ ________ ________ (给……让步) improved modern ones. 2. The task of a translator is to ________ ________ ________ (保持平衡) between the author and the reader. 3. I hold the firm belief that all these measures will ________ ________ (导致) a great improvement in their life. 4. We’d like to ________ ________ ________ (提出建议) that we raise all the people’s awareness of protecting the environment. 5. After the terrible earthquake, many people ________ ________ (给……捐款) the people there. 三、重点句型（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据所给句式和中文提示完成句子。 1. 句型公式：动词-ing短语作主语 ________________________________________ is a really big challenge. （在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点并加以保持，真是一项巨大的挑战。） 2. 句型公式：There comes a time when... ________________________________________, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. （新旧更替的时代已经到来，在迈向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。） 3. 句型公式：It is/was + n./adj. + to do sth. It is necessary ________________________________________. （采取有效措施保护传统手工艺是必要的。） 4. 句型公式：with复合结构 ________________________________________, more and more cultural relics are in danger of disappearing. （随着世界经济的发展，越来越多的文化遗迹将面临消失的危险。） 5. 句型公式：find it + adj. + to do sth. We ________________________________________ for heritage protection. （我们发现为遗产保护筹集资金是必要的。） 四、课文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Economic development is necessary 1.________ we want to improve society. There comes a time 2.________ the old must give way to the new. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites 3.________ (be) a big challenge. A committee 4.________ (establish) to limit damage to the Egyptian temples and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different 5.________ (department) and raised funds within the international community. 6.________ (expert) investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a 7.________ (propose) for how the temples could be saved. The project brought together governments and 8.________ (environment) from around the world. The cultural heritage of a country represents 9.________ (it) long history and rich traditions. It is our responsibility 10.________ (protect) these treasures for future generations. 五、阅读理解（共2篇，8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分） A [2025山东省实验中学期末考试·改编] Deep in the forests of Cambodia’s Siem Reap Province, the five lotus-shaped towers of Angkor Wat stand tall towards the sky. When tourists arrive at the main gate, they will be attracted to the large temple. Angkor Wat was part of a city as big as London, which was the heart of an empire that covered an area from southern Vietnam to Laos, and from the Mekong River to Eastern Myanmar between the 9th and 15th centuries. By around 1500 A.D., the Khmer Empire’s capital was left empty, most likely after heavy floods and long droughts. Later, forests grew all around the temples and buildings that lay hidden until their rediscovery in 1860. Angkor Wat’s inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1992 marked a milestone in the country’s recovery. The action of the International Coordinating Committee for the protection and development of this cultural site is a typical example of international solidarity and proves to be one of UNESCO’s most important achievements. Thirty countries and a group of experts were brought together to work on scientific projects for the restoration of these amazing sites. 1. What can we learn about Angkor Wat from the passage? A. It was built in the 9th century. B. It was once the center of a powerful empire. C. It was destroyed by wars. D. It has always been known to the world. 2. Why was the Khmer Empire’s capital left empty around 1500 A.D.? A. Because of wars and invasions. B. Because of heavy floods and long droughts. C. Because people moved to other places. D. Because the empire broke down. 3. What does the underlined word “solidarity” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Competition B. Conflict C. Unity D. Independence 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the history and protection of Angkor Wat. B. To explain why Angkor Wat was abandoned. C. To encourage tourists to visit Cambodia. D. To compare Angkor Wat with other world heritage sites. B [2025·原创·文化遗产主题] When we talk about cultural heritage, we often think of grand buildings, ancient temples, and valuable artworks. However, cultural heritage is much more than that. It also includes traditions, customs, languages, and knowledge that have been passed down from generation to generation. Intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) has gained increasing attention in recent years. According to UNESCO, intangible cultural heritage includes oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, and traditional craftsmanship. Unlike physical heritage, intangible heritage is alive and constantly evolving. It is passed on through communities and groups in response to their environment and history. China is home to a rich variety of intangible cultural heritage. The Chinese government has made great efforts to protect it. For example, many traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival, have been included in the national list of intangible cultural heritage. Traditional crafts like paper-cutting, shadow puppetry, and Peking opera are also well protected. However, protecting intangible cultural heritage is not without challenges. As society modernizes, many traditional practices are disappearing. Young people are often less interested in learning traditional skills. To address this, schools have started to include cultural heritage education in their curricula. Social media platforms are also being used to promote traditional culture to a wider audience. Every one of us can contribute to the protection of cultural heritage. By learning about our traditions and sharing them with others, we help keep our cultural identity alive for future generations. 5. What does intangible cultural heritage include according to the passage? A. Grand buildings and ancient temples. B. Oral traditions, performing arts, and social practices. C. Valuable artworks and relics. D. Modern technologies and innovations. 6. Why is protecting intangible cultural heritage challenging? A. Because it is too expensive to protect. B. Because the government does not support it. C. Because many traditional practices are disappearing with modernization. D. Because UNESCO does not recognize it. 7. What measures have been taken to protect intangible cultural heritage in China? A. Only the government is responsible for protection. B. Traditional festivals have been included in the national protection list. C. All traditional crafts have been completely preserved. D. Young people are forced to learn traditional skills. 8. What is the author’s attitude towards the protection of cultural heritage? A. Indifferent. B. Pessimistic. C. Positive and encouraging. D. Doubtful. 六、七选五（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is heritage? 1.________ It includes the traditions, objects, and culture that are passed down from generation to generation. Heritage can be both tangible (有形的) and intangible. Tangible heritage includes physical objects like buildings, monuments, artworks, and artifacts. 2.________ These are the things we can see and touch. The Great Wall, the Pyramids, and the Terracotta Warriors are all examples of tangible heritage. 3.________ This includes traditions, customs, languages, music, and performing arts. While you cannot touch these things, they are equally important in defining a culture. For example, the way people celebrate festivals or the stories they tell their children are part of intangible heritage. Why is it important to protect heritage? Heritage tells us where we come from. 4.________ It gives us a sense of identity and belonging. When we protect heritage, we are not just preserving old things — we are keeping our stories alive for future generations. However, heritage is under threat. Natural disasters, wars, and modernization can all damage or destroy cultural heritage. 5.________ International organizations like UNESCO work with countries around the world to identify and protect important heritage sites. A. Intangible heritage, on the other hand, is not physical. B. It helps us understand our history and culture. C. Heritage is what we inherit from the past. D. That is why protection efforts are so important. E. Everyone should travel to see heritage sites. F. Museums and galleries are full of such treasures. G. Modern technology has made protection easier. 七、书面表达（共1题，15分） 假设你是李华，你所在的学校即将举办一场“文化遗产保护”主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点写一篇演讲稿： 1. 文化遗产的重要性； 2. 当前文化遗产面临的主要威胁； 3. 我们作为青少年可以为保护文化遗产做些什么。 注意： - 词数100词左右； - 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； - 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your listening! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.heritage n. 遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色) 2.temple n. 庙;寺 3.relic n. 遗物;遗迹 4.clue n. 线索;提示 5.dam n. 水坝;拦河坝 6.committee n. 委员会 7.fund n. 基金;专款 8.document n. 文件;公文;(计算机)文档vt. 记录;记载(详情) 9.republic n.共和国 10.archaeologist n. 考古学家  11.pyramid n. (古埃及的)金字塔;棱锥体  12.sheet n. 一张(纸);床单;被单  13.parade n. 游行;检阅 vi. 游行庆祝;游行示威 14.mirror n. 镜子  15.digital adj. 数码的;数字显示的  16.image n. 形象;印象  17.cave n. 山洞;洞穴  18.quote vt. 引用  二、写作词汇： 1.mount n.山峰vt.爬上;骑上vi.爬;登上 2.protest n.抗议 vi.& vt.(公开)反对;抗议 3.prevent vt.阻止;阻碍;阻挠 4.department n.部;司;科 5.issue n.重要议题;争论的问题vt.宣布;公布 6.attempt n.& vt.企图;试图;尝试 7.worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花时间的 8.download vt.下载 n.下载;已下载的数据资料 9.process n.过程;进程;步骤vt.处理;加工 10.overseas adj.海外的adv.在海外 11.exit n.出口;通道 vi.& vt.出去;离去 12.roof n.顶部;屋顶 13.dragon n.龙 14.throughout prep.各处;遍及;自始至终  15.quality n.质量;品质;素质;特征 adj.优质的;高质量的  16.further adv.(far的比较级)更远;进一步  17.opinion n.意见;想法;看法 18.contrast n.对比;对照 vt.对比;对照 19.forever adv.永远;长久地 三、词汇变形： 1.creative adj.创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的→creatively adv.创造性地;有创造力地→creativity n.创造力;创造性→create vt.创造→creation n.创造;创作;作品 2.application n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)→apply vi.申请vt.应用;使用→applicant n.申请人 3.proposal n.提议;建议→propose vt.建议;提议 4.likely adj.可能的adv.可能地→(反) unlikely adj.不可能的adv.不可能地 5.limit n.限度;限制vt.限制;限定→limited adj.有限的→(反) limitless adj.无限的 6.loss n.丧失;损失→lose vt.丢失;丧失;迷路→lost adj.丢失的 7.entrance n.入口;进入→enter vi.& vt.进入  8.historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的→history n.历史→historian n.历史学家→historical adj.(有关)历史的;历史上的  9.comparison n.比较;相比→compare vt.& vi.与……相比较 10.identify vt.确认;认出;找到→identity n.身份→identification n.识别;身份证明 四、拓展词汇 1.donate ...to ... 向…… 捐赠…… 2.make sure 确保；设法保证 3.turn to 向…… 求助 4.take part in 参与 (某事)；参加 (某活动) 5.work together for a better tomorrow 共同合作创造美好未来 6.keep balance 保持平衡 7.give way to 让步；屈服 8.at the entrance to 在…… 入口处 9.make a proposal 提出建议 10.prevent ...from ... 阻止；不准 11.be familiar with 熟悉 五、熟词生义 1. mount 常见义项：n. 山（如 Mount Tai） 生义：v. 登上；爬上 ▶ 教材语境：mount the platform（登上讲台） ▶ 例句：He mounted the stairs slowly, carrying a heavy box. 2. process 常见义项：n. 过程；步骤 生义：v. 处理；加工 ▶ 教材语境：与文化遗产保护相关的 “process data”（处理数据） ▶ 例句：The company processes old documents to digitize cultural relics. 3. document 常见义项：n. 文件；文献 生义：v. 记录；用文件证明 ▶ 教材用法：document the heritage site（记录遗产地） ▶ 例句：Photographers documented the ancient temple before its restoration. 4. conduct 常见义项：n. 行为；举止 生义：v. 组织；实施；进行 ▶ 教材语境：conduct an investigation（开展调查） ▶ 例句：The committee will conduct a survey on cultural relics protection. 5. issue 常见义项：n. 问题；议题 生义：v. 发布；颁布；发出 ▶ 教材用法：issue a policy（发布政策） ▶ 例句：The government issued a statement to protect cultural heritage. 6. balance 常见义项：n. 平衡 生义：v. 使平衡；权衡 ▶ 教材用法：balance study and rest（平衡学习与休息） ▶ 例句：She balanced the plate on her hand while walking. 7. lead to 常见义项：导致（后接结果） 生义：通向（物理方向） ▶ 教材语境：The path leads to the ancient temple.（小路通向古庙） ▶ 例句：This road leads to the entrance of the heritage site. 8. fund 常见义项：n. 基金；资金 生义：v. 资助；为…… 提供资金 ▶ 教材用法：fund the preservation project（资助保护项目） ▶ 例句：The organization is funded by donations from the public. 9. exit 常见义项：n. 出口 生义：v. 离开；退出 ▶ 教材语境：exit the cave（离开洞穴） ▶ 例句：Visitors are required to exit the heritage site before 5 p.m. 10. mirror 常见义项：n. 镜子 生义：v. 反映；映照 ▶ 教材语境：The film mirrors the history of cultural heritage.（电影反映文化遗产历史） ▶ 例句：Her actions mirror her deep love for traditional culture. 11. quality 常见义项：n. 质量；品质 生义：adj. 优质的；高质量的（较少见，需结合语境） ▶ 教材语境：quality cultural relics（优质文物） ▶ 例句：They use quality materials to restore the ancient building. 写作 句型 句型公式 1：There comes a time when ...（……的时代已经到来） 译文：新旧更替的时代已经到来，在我们迈向未来的过程中，不可能保留过去的一切。 译文： 在数字时代，正如最新调查所示，越来越多的人通过在线学习获取知识的时代已经到来。 句型公式 2：not only ... but (also) ...（不但……而且……） 译文： 这些国家不仅找到了一条不破坏过去遗迹的未来之路，而且它们也认识到，各国携手合作共创更美好的明天是可能的。 译文： 作为一名交换生，我不仅会让自己适应美国的生活方式，而且还会通过举办各种活动（包括传统节日和书法课）来帮助他们更好地了解中国文化。 句型公式 3：neither ... nor ...（既不……也不……） 译文： 人也好，建筑也好，都不会永恒长存，但陈雷的照片能帮助我们记住它们。 译文： 如果不从错误中吸取教训，我们就既无法提高技能，也无法实现目标。这就是为什么许多教育工作者强调反思在学习过程中重要性的原因。 语法 定语从句 写作 写一封信，介绍一场关于“文化遗产保护”的讲座 1、 知识点精讲 [1. creative adj. 创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的] 【教材原句】： Students from different countries are working creatively to protect a temple in China.（出自教材第2页Listening and Speaking 部分） 【归纳拓展】： - creative thinking 创造性思维 - creative solution 创造性的解决方案 - creativity n. 创造力；创造性 【链接高考】： ① (2022年全国甲卷阅读理解A篇) This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do creative things. ② (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解七选五，第37题) Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? ③ (2022年全国甲卷阅读理解A篇) Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：I believe that creative ideas are badly needed to make our school's cultural festival more attractive and meaningful. - 读后续写：Faced with the seemingly unsolvable puzzle, the young detective applied his creative thinking and finally uncovered the truth hidden beneath the surface. 【易混辨析】： - creative 强调“具有创造力，能产生新颖、独特的东西”，常用于形容人、想法、作品等。 - innovative 更强调“引入新事物、新方法，尤其在已有基础上进行革新”，常用于科技、设计、制度等领域。 典型例句对比： - creative: She is a creative artist who always invents surprising color combinations. - innovative: The company introduced an innovative production line that doubled output. 【单句语法填空】： ① The young artist is known for his ______ (create) use of colors and materials. ② We need to think ______ (creative) to find a way out of this difficult situation. ③ The ______ (create) of this amazing work took him almost three years. 答案：① creative ② creatively ③ creation [2. preserve vt. 保存；保护；维持 n. 保护区] 【教材原句】： There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.（出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - preserve sth from... 保护某物免受…… - well-preserved 保存良好的 - preservation n. 保存；保护 【链接高考】： ① (2024年全国甲卷语法填空，第46-47题) This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. ② (2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷语法填空，第40-41题) The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations”. ③ (2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇) The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：Our school is launching a campaign to preserve the local cultural heritage, and we sincerely invite all students to participate. - 读后续写：Determined to preserve the old man's precious memories, the young volunteer spent months organizing his photo albums and recording his stories. 【易混辨析】： - preserve 强调“保持原状、防止变质或损坏”，侧重“维持原有状态”，可指保护文物、保存食物等。 - protect 强调“使免受伤害、攻击或损失”，侧重“提供安全屏障”。 - conserve 强调“节约使用、避免浪费”，常用于自然资源、能源等，也可指“使（文化遗产）持续存在”。 典型例句对比： - preserve: We should preserve these ancient manuscripts from decay. - protect: Wearing a helmet protects your head from injury. - conserve: The government encourages citizens to conserve water during the drought. 【单句语法填空】： ① The ancient temple has been well ______ (preserve) for over a thousand years. ② We should take measures ______ (preserve) these historic buildings from being damaged. ③ The ______ (preserve) of cultural heritage is of great importance to a nation. 答案：① preserved ② to preserve ③ preservation [3. promote vt. 促进；提升；推销；晋级] 【教材原句】： The purpose of the camp is to promote Mount Tai by introducing it to young people in a fun and easy way.（出自教材第7页阅读课文"PROMOTING CULTURE THROUGH DIGITAL IMAGES"） 【归纳拓展】： - promote economic growth 促进经济增长 - promote cultural exchanges 促进文化交流 - be promoted to 被提升到…… - promotion n. 促进；提升；促销 【链接高考】： ① (2022年全国乙卷语法填空，第65题) China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. ② (2022年全国乙卷语法填空，第47题) The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges. ③ (2022年全国甲卷语法填空，第65题) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental protection. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：This activity is aimed at promoting students' awareness of cultural heritage protection and encouraging them to take action. - 读后续写：Promoted to the position of team leader, the young man felt a great sense of responsibility and worked even harder than before. 【易混辨析】： - promote 泛指“推动事物向前发展”，可用于促进活动、提升职位、推销产品等，适用范围广。 - advance 侧重“向前推进”，常指科技进步、事业发展，或提出理论、观点。 - boost 侧重“提高、增加”，常指提升数量、水平、信心等，语气较口语化。 典型例句对比： - promote: The new policy aims to promote trade between the two countries. - advance: His research has greatly advanced our understanding of the disease. - boost: A good breakfast can boost your energy for the whole morning. 【单句语法填空】： ① The new policy aims ______ (promote) the balanced development of education in urban and rural areas. ② She worked hard and was soon ______ (promote) to senior manager. ③ The ______ (promote) of cultural heritage is essential for maintaining national identity. 答案：① to promote ② promoted ③ promotion [4. application n. 申请；申请书；应用；运用] 【教材原句】： The application of new technologies can help to protect our cultural heritage.（出自教材第6页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - make an application (to sb) for sth （向某人）申请某事 - application form 申请表 - apply vt. 申请；应用 vi. 适用 - applied adj. 应用的；实用的 【链接高考】： ① (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇) And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. ② (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇) I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. ③ (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇) What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. ④ (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇) When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：I am writing to make an application for the volunteer position in the cultural heritage protection project. - 读后续写：Having submitted his application at the last minute, the young man waited anxiously for the reply, his heart pounding with hope and fear. 【易混辨析】： - application 指“正式的书面申请”或“理论、技术等的实际运用”，强调“将理论付诸实践”或“正式请求”。 - request 指“口头或书面的请求”，语气较正式，但不一定是书面申请。 - use 泛指“使用、利用”，是最通用的词，强调“用某物做某事”。 典型例句对比： - application: The application of solar energy has greatly reduced electricity costs in this area. - request: The teacher made a request for more books for the school library. - use: We should make good use of our time to achieve more. 【单句语法填空】： ① The ______ (apply) of this new teaching method has proved very effective. ② She made an application ______ the scholarship to support her further study. ③ All ______ (apply) should fill in the form and attach their resume. 答案：① application ② for ③ applicants [5. balance n. 平衡；均匀 vt. 使平衡] 【教材原句】： Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. （出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡 - keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持平衡 - balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 【链接高考】： ① (2025年全国一卷语法填空，第63-64题) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. ② (2022年全国甲卷&乙卷听力长对话第16题) It's kind of hard to find a balance between what you have to do and what you want to do. ③ (2022年全国甲卷&乙卷听力长对话第16题) Yeah, it's really important for me to balance study and work. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：As students, we should keep a balance between our academic studies and extracurricular activities to achieve all-round development. - 读后续写：Balancing the heavy schoolbag on one shoulder, the little girl hurried to catch the last bus, her heart pounding with anxiety. 【易混辨析】： - balance 指“不同事物之间保持适当的比例或均衡”，强调“协调、不偏重”。 - equality 指“数量、价值、地位等方面的完全相等”，强调“等同”。 - harmony 指“各部分之间协调一致、融洽相处”，强调“和谐、统一”。 典型例句对比： - balance: You need to balance your work and family life. - equality: The law requires equality between men and women in the workplace. - harmony: The neighbors live in harmony with each other. 【单句语法填空】： ① It is difficult ______ (balance) the needs of different groups in society. ② She lost her ______ (balance) and fell off the bike. ③ A ______ (balance) diet is important for maintaining good health. 答案：① to balance ② balance ③ balanced [6. proposal n. 提议；建议；提案] 【教材原句】： But the proposal led to protests.（出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - make/put forward a proposal 提出建议/提案 - accept/reject a proposal 接受/拒绝提案 - propose vt. 提议；建议 【链接高考】： ① (2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇，第25题) What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：I would like to put forward a proposal that our school should organize more volunteer activities to help the elderly in our community. - 读后续写：Having listened to everyone's opinions, the chairman put forward a proposal that surprised all the members present. 【易混辨析】： - proposal 指“正式提出的建议、计划或方案”，常用于会议、商业、政治等正式场合，强调“供讨论或批准”。 - suggestion 指“一般的建议或意见”，语气较随意，适用范围更广，不一定是正式的。 - recommendation 指“基于经验或专业知识的建议”，强调“推荐”，通常含有“值得采纳”的意味。 典型例句对比： - proposal: The government's proposal to raise taxes was rejected by parliament. - suggestion: She made a helpful suggestion about where to eat. - recommendation: The doctor's recommendation is to get at least eight hours of sleep. 【单句语法填空】： ① The government ______ (proposal) a new plan to protect the historical sites. ② His proposal ______ (build) a new library was supported by most of the students. ③ The proposal ______ (put) forward at yesterday's meeting has been rejected. 答案：① proposed ② to build ③ put [7. protest n. 抗议；反对 vi. & vt. (公开)反对；抗议] 【教材原句】： But the proposal led to protests.（出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - in protest at/against 抗议…… - protest against 反对…… - make a protest 提出抗议 【链接高考】： ① (1999年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 完形填空第32题) Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the church and have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. ② (2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）完形填空第52题) “But Dad, it's 18 miles!” My protests and apologies were useless. Dad walked home that day. ③ (2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）完形填空第49题) I told her that I couldn't put her to that trouble, but she brushed aside my protests. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：Some students protested against the decision to cancel the annual school trip, arguing that it was an important part of their school life. - 读后续写：In protest at the unjust treatment he had received, the young man decided to speak out, his voice trembling with anger and determination. 【易混辨析】： - protest 指“通过口头或行动公开表达反对”，强调“公开、明确”，可作名词或动词。 - object 指“不赞同、反对”，语气较委婉，常接介词to，强调“提出不同意见”。 - oppose 指“反对、抵制”，语气较强，强调“积极抵抗或阻止”，常用于政治、政策等语境。 典型例句对比： - protest: The workers protested against the pay cut by going on strike. - object: I object to being treated like a child. - oppose: Many people oppose the new law because it restricts freedom of speech. 【单句语法填空】： ① The workers went on strike ______ (protest) against the company's decision to cut their wages. ② Many people made a strong ______ (protest) about the new traffic regulations. ③ She ______ (protest) that she had been wrongly accused of the crime. 答案：① to protest ② protest ③ protested [8. conduct vt. 实施；执行；指挥；引导 n. 行为；举止] 【教材原句】： Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved.（出自教材第4页阅读课文"FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS"） 【归纳拓展】： - conduct a survey/an experiment 进行调查/实验 - conduct research 进行研究 - conduct oneself 表现；举止得体 【链接高考】： ① (2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷听力第14题) What is the man doing? (选项设置) B. Hosting a workshop. C. Conducting an interview. ② (2024年新课标全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解A篇) We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：We plan to conduct a survey among students to learn about their opinions on the school's new uniform policy. - 读后续写：Conducting himself with remarkable calmness in the face of danger, the young firefighter saved three people from the burning building. 【易混辨析】： - conduct 指“组织并实施”某项活动、实验、调查等，强调“执行、管理”；也可指“指挥（乐队）”或“引导”。 - perform 指“执行、履行”某项任务、职责或表演，强调“完成动作或展示技能”。 - carry out 是动词短语，意为“执行、实施（计划、命令等）”，强调“将某事付诸实践”，与conduct近义，但更口语化。 典型例句对比： - conduct: The manager conducted a meeting to discuss the new project. - perform: The surgeon performed the operation successfully. - carry out: The soldiers carried out the orders without hesitation. 【单句语法填空】： ① The scientists ______ (conduct) an experiment to test the new drug's effectiveness. ② The orchestra was ______ (conduct) by a famous musician from Vienna. ③ The student's ______ (conduct) in class has greatly improved this semester. 答案：① conducted ② conducted ③ conduct [9. process n. 过程；进程 vt. 加工；处理] 【归纳拓展】： - in the process of 在……的过程中 - process information 处理信息 - production process 生产过程 【链接高考】： ① (2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）阅读理解) The process is tiring. ② (2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）阅读理解) In the process of finding your talents, you should not forget the weaknesses as well. ③ (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B篇) When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. 【写作佳句】： - 应用文：The process of applying for the exchange program may seem complicated, but we are here to help you every step of the way. - 读后续写：In the process of searching for the lost treasure, the adventurers discovered something far more valuable——the true meaning of friendship. 【易混辨析】： - process 指“一系列连续的操作或变化”，强调“步骤、阶段和进展”，可作名词或动词。 - procedure 指“特定的、正式的操作程序或步骤”，强调“规范性”和“固定的流程”。 - progress 指“向前发展、进步”，强调“前进的方向和取得的成果”，不可数名词。 典型例句对比： - process: The manufacturing process involves several stages. - procedure: Please follow the safety procedure when using the machine. - progress: We have made great progress in our research. 【单句语法填空】： ① The new factory is still in the ______ (process) of being built. ② It takes a long time ______ (process) all the applications. ③ The ______ (process) of change is often slow and painful. 答案：① process ② to process ③ process 二、核心语法精讲 定语从句 考情速递（2024-2026） 考点类型 考查次数 考查年份范围 关系代词与关系副词的辨析 6 2024-2026 非限制性定语从句 5 2024-2026 “介词+关系代词” 4 2024-2026 主谓一致陷阱 3 2024-2026 【感知·语法规律】 教材原文感知 1.“There comes a time when the old must give way to the new” 先行词为 “time”，表示时间，关系词 “when” 在从句中作时间状语。 2.“The project, which was led by the local government, aimed to protect the ancient temple.” 先行词为 “project”，关系词 “which” 在从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，对 “project” 进行补充说明。 3.“The scientists who were responsible for the research made great contributions.” （必修二 Unit1 改写） 先行词为 “scientists”，指人，关系词 “who” 在从句中作主语。 高考真题感知 1.（2022年全国乙卷语法填空） But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】：which 【解析】：先行词为“place”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用“which”（也可用that，但此处答案为which）。 2.（2024年新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空） The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route ______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】：which 【解析】：先行词为“the Silk Route”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用“which”。 3.（2025年高考北京卷语法填空） She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare ______ seemed to be struggling. 【答案】：which 【解析】：先行词为“hare”（野兔，视作物），关系词在从句中作主语，故用“which”。 4.（2025年全国高考一卷语法填空） They line up in front of stands ______ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】：which 【解析】：先行词为“stands”（摊位），指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用“which”。 5.（2026年高考北京卷语法填空） So far, this model has produced well-known universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society, which allows everybody ______ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 【答案】：who 【解析】：先行词为“everybody”，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用“who”（也可用that，但答案给出who）。 【精讲·语法知识】 关系代词的用法 1.that：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The girl that is singing on the stage is my sister.（作主语） 例句：The book (that) I borrowed from the library is very useful.（作宾语） 2.which：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The building which stands near the river is our school.（作主语） 例句：The pen (which) he lost yesterday was a birthday gift.（作宾语） 3.who：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 例句：The man who is talking to our teacher is my father.（作主语） 例句：The person (who) we met at the party was very friendly.（作宾语） 4.whom：指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用 who 或 that 代替。 例句：The woman whom we helped just now is a famous singer.（作宾语） 5.whose：既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。 例句：The boy whose hair is brown is from America.（指人） 例句：The house whose windows face south is very bright.（指物） 关系副词的用法 1.when：引导定语从句时，先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 2.where：引导定语从句时，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。 例句：This is the place where we had a picnic last week. 3.why：引导定语从句时，先行词常常为 reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 例句：The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句对比 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 核心定义 对先行词起限定作用，是句子必要成分 对先行词起补充说明作用，是句子非必要成分 标点符号 无逗号分隔 用逗号与主句隔开 引导词 可用 that / who / whom / which / whose / where / when 不可用 that，可用 who / whom / which / whose / where / when / as 先行词类型 普通名词、不定代词（如 all, any 等） 单个名词、代词、整个主句（which/as 引导时） 语义功能 明确先行词的范围或属性，省略会改变句意 提供附加信息，省略后不影响主句核心意思 典型例句 The girl who wears glasses is my classmate. （限定“戴眼镜的女孩”） My father, who is a doctor, likes playing chess. （补充职业，主句核心是“喜欢下棋”） 翻译逻辑 通常译为先行词的修饰语，如“……的” 通常译为并列分句，如“，他/它……” 特殊注意① — which 可指代整个主句，如：He failed the exam, which made him sad. 特殊注意② — as 可引导从句，如：As we know, the earth is round. 专有名词作先行词 较少见，通常用限制性 通常用非限制性，如：Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. 1.限制性定语从句：与先行词关系紧密，对先行词起修饰限定作用，若去掉从句，主句意思不完整或失去意义。不用逗号与先行词隔开。 例句：The students who work hard will get good grades. 2.非限制性定语从句：与先行词关系松散，是对先行词的附加说明，去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整。用逗号与先行词隔开。不能用 that 引导，关系词不可省略。 例句：My mother, who is a teacher, likes reading. 以下是通过同一基础句子，分别使用限制性和非限制性定语从句导致语义差异的典型例子： 先行词类型 从句类型与核心差异 典例 人（群体） 限制性定语从句：区分部分 The teachers who arrive early will get a bonus. → 只有部分早到的老师获奖 非限制性定语从句：说明全体 The teachers, who arrive early, will get a bonus. → 全体老师都早到，且都获奖 事物（唯一性） 限制性定语从句：限定具体哪套 The house that he bought last year is now for sale. → 特指去年买的那一套（可能有多套房） 非限制性定语从句：仅附加信息 The house, which he bought last year, is now for sale. → 唯一住房，补充购买时间 地点（专有名词） 限制性定语从句：缩小范围 The city where she grew up has changed a lot. → 特指她长大的城市（可能存在多个） 非限制性定语从句：背景补充 Shanghai, where she grew up, has changed a lot. → 专有名词上海，补充成长背景 时间（年份） 限制性定语从句：附加事件 The year when the war ended was 1945. → 特指战争结束的那一年（排除其他年份） 非限制性定语从句：定义年份 1945, when the war ended, was a historic year. → 1945年已知，补充事件背景 抽象概念 限制性定语从句：性限定途径 Success that comes from hard work is meaningful. → 特指努力得来的成功（非其他途径） 非限制性定语从句：普遍说明 Success, which comes from hard work, is meaningful. → 对成功的普遍解释（所有成功都如此） 例 1： The students who failed the exam must retake it." →限制性：（那些没通过考试的学生必须补考。）限定特定学生群体，其他学生无需补考。 "The students, who failed the exam, must retake it." → 非限制性：（学生们没通过考试，必须补考。）所有学生都没通过，全体补考。 例 2： "I like books that challenge my perspective." → 限制性：（我喜欢能挑战我观点的书。）只喜欢特定类型的书，而非全部。 "I like books, which challenge my perspective." →非限制性：（我喜欢书，它们能挑战我的观点。）喜欢所有书，并补充说明书的共性。 【对点练习】 单句填空（含复杂结构与特殊用法）​ 1.The man you think is reliable turned out to be a fraud. 解析：先行词 “the man” 指人，在定语从句中作主语，关系词用 who 或 that；“you think” 为插入语，不影响句子结构。 2.This is the reason he gave for his absence, sounds unconvincing. 解析：that 或 which, which.第一空先行词 “reason” 在从句 “he gave” 中作宾语，用 that 或 which；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整句话，用 which。 3.The day will come soon we will use the new energy vehicle that/which is invented by our company. 解析：when, that 或 which.第一空先行词 “the day” 在从句中作时间状语，用 when；第二空先行词 “vehicle” 在从句中作主语，用 that 或 which。 4.She is the only one of the students who/that able to answer this question which about ancient history. 解析：is, is.“the only one of + 复数名词” 结构中，先行词为 the only one，定语从句谓语用单数；“question” 为单数，第二个空也用 is。 5.The house, the windows of face the south, belongs to a famous writer has written many popular novels. 解析： which, who/that.第一空 “the windows of which” 等同于 “whose windows”，先行词为物；第二空先行词 “writer” 指人，在从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。 单句改错（含多重错误与易混点） 1.The woman who her daughter is in my class is a doctor working in a big hospital. 错误：who her 重复，应改为 whose（作定语修饰 daughter）。 2.I still remember the days when we spent together in the countryside last year. 错误：when 在从句中作时间状语，此处先行词 “days” 在从句中作宾语，应改为 that 或 which。 3.The factory where we visited yesterday produces electronic products that exports to Europe. 错误：where 在从句中作地点状语，此处先行词 “factory” 在从句中作宾语，应改为 that 或 which；“products” 为复数，从句谓语用原形 export。 4.He is the student whose the composition won the first prize in the competition held last week. 错误：whose 已作定语修饰 composition，删掉 the。 5.The reason why he explained at the meeting for his mistake made all of us angry. 错误：why 在从句中作原因状语，此处先行词 “reason” 在从句中作宾语，应改为 that 或 which。 翻译句子（含长难句与高级表达） 1.那个在会议上提出保护文化遗产建议的专家，其观点得到了政府的高度认可。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.我们正在寻找一个既有丰富教学经验又能与学生良好沟通的老师。 ___________________________________________________________________________​ 3.她向我们展示了她在国外旅行时拍的所有照片，其中大部分都充满了异国风情。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 4.我永远不会忘记我在英国学习的那段时间，在那时我交到了很多志同道合的朋友。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 5.他创作的这部小说，不仅讲述了一个感人的故事，还反映了社会的种种问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】： 1.The expert who put forward the proposal to protect cultural heritage at the meeting, whose views were highly recognized by the government. 2.We are looking for a teacher who not only has rich teaching experience but also can communicate well with students. 3.She showed us all the photos she took during her trip abroad, most of which are full of exotic customs. 4.I will never forget the time when I studied in the UK, during which I made many like-minded friends. 5.The novel he created not only tells a touching story but also reflects various social problems. 三、单元写作清单 写作话题：文化遗产（Cultural Heritage） 适用体裁：书信、报道、演讲稿 适用场景：介绍活动、提出建议、表达观点 1. 话题分析 是什么：文化遗产包含物质文化遗产（如长城、故宫）和非物质文化遗产（如剪纸、京剧）。 为什么重要：它们是民族智慧的结晶，承载历史记忆，具有教育、艺术和旅游价值。 面临问题：自然侵蚀、人为破坏、保护意识不足、传承人老龄化等。 怎么做：通过立法保护、教育宣传、创新传承（如数字化记录、文创产品）等方式守护遗产。 2. 写作框架（三段式） 体裁 开头（引入话题） 主体（展开细节） 结尾（总结呼吁） 书信 问候 + 写信目的（如分享经历、提出建议） 按时间/逻辑顺序描述活动、问题或建议 表达期待（如“期待你的回信”）+ 行动呼吁 报道 交代活动时间、地点、主题、参与人员 介绍活动过程（如讲座内容、展示项目、互动环节） 总结活动意义（如“活动增强了保护意识”） 演讲稿 点明演讲主题（如“守护我们的根”）+ 引起听众兴趣 分点论述观点（如重要性→问题→措施），多用过渡词（Firstly） 升华主题 + 强烈呼吁（如“让我们从现在做起！”） 3. 写作素材 高频词汇 核心名词：cultural heritage（文化遗产）, cultural relics（文物）, intangible heritage（非物质文化遗产）, civilization（文明）, generation（代） 动词短语：pass down（传承）, take measures（采取措施）, raise awareness（提高意识）, contribute to（贡献） 形容词：precious（珍贵的）, ancient（古老的）, diverse（多样的）, endangered（濒危的） 经典句式 功能 句式 开头 ① Recently, our school launched a campaign themed “...”. ② It is my great honor to speak here about... 主体 ① Not only does it represent... but it also reflects...（倒装） ② Faced with severe challenges, we must...（非谓语） ③ The reason why we should protect... is that...（复合句） 结尾 ① Only by working together can we...（倒装） ② Let’s spare no effort to... 4. 范文背诵 范文一（书信：介绍文化遗产活动） 亮点：非谓语（Having attended）、倒装（Not only...but also）、复合句（what impressed me most） Dear Tom, How's everything? I’m writing to share my unforgettable experience at the “Intangible Cultural Heritage Campus Tour” held in our school last Friday. Having attended the event, I was deeply impressed by the paper-cutting workshop and Peking Opera performance. Not only did the inheritors demonstrate their exquisite skills, but also they encouraged us to try hands-on. What impressed me most was the shadow play, which told stories about local history. This activity made me realize that protecting heritage is not just about preserving old objects, but keeping our cultural roots alive. Only by embracing tradition creatively can we pass it down to future generations. Looking forward to your sharing! Yours, Li Hua 范文二（议论文：保护文化遗产的紧迫性） 亮点：倒装（Only when...）、非谓语（Endangered by...）、复合句（Since...so...） “Protect Our Roots, Secure Our Future” Only when we fully understand the value of cultural heritage can we take effective action. Endangered by pollution, tourism, and modernization, sites like the Great Wall are fading away. Since heritage contains our ancestors’ wisdom, so must we treat it with respect. Firstly, governments should tighten laws against vandalism. Secondly, schools can integrate heritage education into curricula. Finally, every citizen should act as a guardian—not just admiring relics, but reporting damage in time. Only through joint efforts can we ensure our children still marvel at the beauty of their history. Let’s act now! 建议： 1.范文可灵活替换题目关键词（如“讲座”→“展览”，“长城”→“当地古建筑”）。 2.背诵时重点关注划线句的语法结构，并尝试模仿造句。 易错点01 preserve / protect / prevent 辨析 【一句话辨异】 We should preserve the ancient temple from being damaged, protect it from natural disasters, and prevent anyone from painting graffiti on its walls. 我们应该保存这座古庙免遭破坏，保护它免受自然灾害侵袭，并阻止任何人在其墙上涂鸦。 【助记口诀】 preserve 保“原样”， protect 护“安全”， prevent 防“发生” ——三“保”分工各不同。 【错因辨析】 这三个词都含“保护”之意，但侧重点和用法截然不同： 1. preserve vt. 保存；保护；维持（侧重“保持原状、完好保存”，使某物免受破坏或变质） preserve ... from ... 保护……免受…… 常见搭配：preserve cultural heritage / preserve historical sites / well-preserved 例句：The government has taken measures to preserve the old town from being torn down. 政府已采取措施保护这座古镇免遭拆除。 拓展：preservation n. 保护；保存；preserved adj. 保护的；腌制的 2. protect vt. 保护（侧重“使免受伤害、危险”，强调采取防护措施） protect ... from / against ... 保护……不受……侵袭 例句：We should wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the strong sunlight. 我们应该戴太阳镜保护眼睛免受强光伤害。 3. prevent vt. 阻止；阻碍；阻挠（侧重“防止某事发生”，强调“不让……做……”） prevent / stop / keep ... from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 注意：在主动语态中，prevent ... from ... 中的 from 可以省略；但在被动语态中，from 不可省略。 例句：The heavy rain prevented us (from) going camping. 大雨阻止了我们去露营。 【对点训练】 The local government has set up a nature reserve to ______ the endangered wildlife ______ being hunted. A. preserve; from B. protect; against C. prevent; from D. A and B 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查preserve和protect的辨析。句意“当地政府建立了自然保护区以保护濒危野生动物免遭猎杀”。preserve...from和protect...from/against都可以表示“保护……免受……”，语法和语义均正确；prevent...from表示“阻止……做某事”，侧重“不让其发生”，但此处强调的是“保护”而非“阻止”，与语境不符。故选D。 To ______ the cultural heritage, the museum uses advanced technology to ______ the paintings from air pollution. A. preserve; protect B. protect; preserve C. prevent; protect D. preserve; prevent 【答案】A 【解析】第一空表示“保存文化遗产”，用preserve；第二空表示“保护画作免受空气污染”，用protect...from。故选A。 易错点02 give way to / give in to / give up 辨析 【一句话辨异】 The old building had to give way to the new railway, but the local residents never gave up fighting to save it; however, they finally had to give in to the government's decision. 这座老建筑不得不让位于新铁路，但当地居民从未放弃争取保留它；然而，他们最终不得不屈从于政府的决定。 【助记口诀】 give way 让“位置”，give in 认“输理”，give up 放“弃”己。 【错因辨析】 1. give way to 让步；屈服；让位于 侧重“被……取代、让出位置”，宾语通常是物或抽象概念（如新事物、时代变迁等） 例句：Traditional customs gradually gave way to modern lifestyles. 传统习俗逐渐让位于现代生活方式。 例句：We should never give way to difficulties. 我们绝不应该向困难屈服。 2. give in to 向……屈服/让步 侧重“在争论、压力等面前认输、妥协”，主语通常是人，宾语可以是人或抽象事物 例句：After hours of argument, he finally gave in to his wife's request. 经过数小时争论，他最终向妻子的要求让步了。 3. give up 放弃；投降；抛弃 侧重“停止做某事或放弃某物”，后接名词、代词或动名词 例句：Never give up your dream of protecting cultural heritage. 永远不要放弃保护文化遗产的梦想。 【对点训练】 With the development of modern technology, traditional handicrafts are gradually ______ modern industrial products. A. giving in to B. giving way to C. giving up D. giving away 【答案】B 【解析】句意“随着现代科技的发展，传统手工艺品正逐渐让位于现代工业产品”。此处表示“被取代、让出位置”，应用give way to。give in to表示“向……屈服”；give up表示“放弃”；give away表示“赠送；泄露”。故选B。 After a long debate, the committee finally ______ the protesters' demands and agreed to preserve the ancient site. A. gave way to B. gave up C. gave in to D. gave away 【答案】C 【解析】句意“经过长时间辩论，委员会最终向抗议者的要求让步，同意保护这一古迹”。此处表示“在压力下屈服妥协”，应用give in to。give way to侧重“被取代”，与语境不符。故选C。 易错点03 take part in / join / join in / attend 辨析 【一句话辨异】 I joined the Heritage Protection Club last year, and I often take part in the activities organized by it; yesterday I joined in the discussion about how to attend an international heritage conference online. 我去年加入了遗产保护俱乐部，经常参加它组织的活动；昨天我参加了关于如何线上参加国际遗产会议的讨论。 【助记口诀】 join 入“组织”，join in 入“活动”，take part in “起作用”，attend 出“席”会。 【错因辨析】 1. take part in 参加（有组织的群众性活动），并在其中发挥一定作用 part前若有修饰语，可用 take an active part in（积极参加） 例句：Everyone should take an active part in protecting cultural heritage. 每个人都应该积极参与保护文化遗产。 2. join 加入（党派、团体、组织等），成为其中一员 也可用于 join sb. (in doing sth.) 加入某人一起做某事 例句：He joined the army / the club / the Party. 他参军了/加入俱乐部了/入党了。 3. join in 参加（正在进行的活动，如游戏、讨论、谈话等） 常用结构：join in sth. 或 join sb. in sth. 例句：Would you like to join in the discussion? 你愿意加入讨论吗？ 4. attend 出席、参加（会议、婚礼、讲座、学校等） 侧重“到场、出席”，不强调是否在其中发挥作用 例句：She attended an important meeting on cultural heritage protection. 她出席了一个关于文化遗产保护的重要会议。 【对点训练】 More than 500 people ______ the international conference on cultural heritage held in Beijing last month. A. joined B. took part in C. joined in D. attended 【答案】D 【解析】句意“500多人出席了上个月在北京举行的文化遗产国际会议”。“出席会议”用attend，表示“到场出席”。join侧重加入组织；take part in侧重参与活动并发挥作用；join in侧重加入正在进行的活动。故选D。 I ______ the school's Heritage Protection Club two years ago and have ______ many meaningful activities since then. A. joined; taken part in B. took part in; joined C. attended; joined in D. joined in; attended 【答案】A 【解析】第一空“加入俱乐部”用join（加入组织）；第二空“参加活动”用take part in（参与活动并发挥作用）。故选A。 易错点04 限制性定语从句中关系代词 that / which / who 的选择 【一句话辨异】 This is the famous museum that/which was built in the Ming Dynasty and the expert who/that gave us a wonderful lecture is a specialist in cultural relics. 这就是那座建于明朝的著名博物馆，给我们做精彩讲座的那位专家是一位文物专家。 【助记口诀】 that 指人又指物，which 只能指物属； who 指人作主语，whom 作宾要记住； 下列情况只用 that——最高、序数、不定代，既指人又指物，who/which 开头要避开。 【错因辨析】 定语从句是本单元的核心语法重点。关系代词的选择是最大易错点： 1. that 和 which 的区别——只能用 that 的六种情况： ① 先行词既指人又指物时 例句：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他谈到了他拜访过的老师和学校。 ② 先行词被 all, every, any, little, much, no 等不定代词修饰，或先行词本身是 all, much, everything, anything, nothing 等 例句：All that I want is to protect this cultural relic. 我所想要的就是保护这件文物。 ③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰 例句：This is the most beautiful temple that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最美的寺庙。 ④ 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same 修饰 例句：This is the very heritage site that we are looking for. 这正是我们在寻找的遗产地。 ⑤ 有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词 例句：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered. 他们谈论了他们记得的人和事。 ⑥ 主句以 who, what, which 开头的特殊疑问句 例句：Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那里的那个人是谁？ 2. who / whom / that 指人： who 作主语 whom 作宾语（在口语或非正式文体中可用 who 代替） that 可作主语或宾语（指人时可用 who 代替） 3. which 指物：可作主语或宾语 【对点训练】 This is the most interesting cultural relic ______ I have ever visited in China. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【解析】先行词被形容词最高级 the most interesting 修饰，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。故选B。 The scientist ______ discovered the ancient tomb gave a detailed report at the conference. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 【答案】C 【解析】先行词 The scientist 指人，且在定语从句中作主语，应用 who。which 指物；whom 作宾语；whose 作定语。故选C。 She is the only student in our class ______ has visited the Mogao Caves. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】先行词被 the only 修饰，虽然指人，用 who 或 that 均可。但选项中只有 who 正确。which 指物；whom 作宾语；whose 作定语。故选B。 易错点05 contribute to / make a contribution to 的用法 【一句话辨异】 Everyone should contribute money and effort to the protection of cultural heritage, and together we can make a great contribution to passing on our precious traditions to future generations. 每个人都应该为保护文化遗产捐钱出力，共同努力我们就能为将宝贵传统传给后代做出巨大贡献。 【错因辨析】 1. contribute to 有助于；导致；向……投稿；捐献 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词 例句：Everyone should contribute to protecting cultural heritage. 每个人都应为保护文化遗产做贡献。 注意：contribute ... to ... 把……捐献给…… 2. make a contribution / contributions to 为……作出贡献 to 同样是介词，后接名词或动名词 例句：He made a great contribution to the preservation of the ancient city. 他为古城的保护做出了巨大贡献。 3. 易错点： ❌ 错误：contribute to do sth. ✅ 正确：contribute to doing sth.（to 是介词） ❌ 错误：make a contribution to do sth. ✅ 正确：make a contribution to doing sth. 【对点训练】 The scientist ______ a lot ______ the research on the protection of cultural relics. A. contributed; to do B. contributed; to doing C. made contributions; to do D. contributed; for doing 【答案】B 【解析】contribute to 中的 to 是介词，后接动名词 doing，表示“为……做贡献”。A和C中 to do 错误；D中 for 搭配错误。故选B。 All the volunteers are trying their best to ______ the success of the heritage protection project. A. contribute to B. contribute C. make contribution for D. contribute for 【答案】A 【解析】contribute to 表示“有助于、促成”，后接名词 the success。B缺少介词to；C搭配错误（应为make a contribution to）；D介词错误。故选A。 易错点06 be likely to do / It is likely that 的用法 【一句话辨异】 The ancient temple is likely to collapse if no action is taken, so it is likely that the government will start a restoration project soon. 如果不采取行动，这座古庙很可能会倒塌，所以政府很可能很快会启动修复项目。 【错因辨析】 1. be likely to do sth. 可能做某事 主语可以是人或物 例句：The old wall is likely to fall down in the heavy rain. 这面老墙在大雨中很可能会倒塌。 2. It is likely that ... 很可能…… It 作形式主语，that 从句是真正主语 例句：It is likely that the project will be completed next year. 这个项目很可能明年完工。 3. 易错点： ❌ 错误：It is likely to do sth.（缺少真正主语） ✅ 正确：It is likely that + 句子 ❌ 错误：Sb. is likely that ... ✅ 正确：Sb. is likely to do ... 注意：likely 是形容词，不是副词，前面用 be 动词 4. 否定形式： Sb. be unlikely to do sth. = It is unlikely that sb. ... 【对点训练】 ______ the cultural heritage site will be open to the public next month. A. It is likely to B. It is likely that C. That is likely D. It is likely 【答案】B 【解析】“很可能……”的句型为 It is likely that + 句子。A项 It is likely to 后应接动词原形，不能接句子；C、D结构不完整。故选B。 The ancient city ______ destroyed if no effective measures are taken. A. likely to be B. is likely to be C. is likely that D. likely is 【答案】B 【解析】“某物很可能……”用“主语 + be likely to do”结构。The ancient city 作主语，谓语用 is likely to be destroyed。故选B。 一、默写重点单词（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 根据首字母或中文提示，写出本单元所学单词的正确形式。 1. d___________ n. 争论，辩论 v. 辩论，争论 2. h___________ n. 遗产（指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色） 3. t___________ n. 庙；寺 4. r___________ n. 遗物；遗迹 5. c___________ n. 线索；提示 6. p___________ vt. 保存；保护；维持 n. 保护区 7. c___________ adj. 创造性的；有创造力的 8. d___________ vt. （尤指向慈善机构）捐赠；赠送；献（血） 9. p___________ vt. 促进；提升；推销 10. a___________ n. 申请（表）；用途；运用；应用（程序） 【答案】 1. debate 2. heritage 3. temple 4. relic 5. clue 6. preserve 7. creative 8. donate 9. promote 10. application 二、词汇运用（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The Great Wall is one of the most famous cultural ________ (site) in the world. 2. Many ancient relics ________ (damage) by natural disasters in recent years. 3. It is important for us ________ (preserve) our traditional customs. 4. The temple, ________ (build) in the 12th century, has been well maintained. 5. The government has taken measures ________ (protect) cultural heritage from being destroyed. 6. She devoted all her time to ________ (study) the history of local heritage. 7. ________ (fortunate), the fire didn’t cause much damage to the old building. 8. We need more ________ (profession) to help with the restoration work. 9. The project ________ (approve) by the committee last month. 10. Local businesses have agreed ________ (contribute) to the heritage protection fund. 【答案】 1. sites 2. have been damaged 3. to preserve 4. built 5. to protect 6. studying 7. Fortunately 8. professionals 9. was approved 10. to contribute B. 根据汉语提示完成句子（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1. I believe old farming methods should ________ ________ ________ (给……让步) improved modern ones. 2. The task of a translator is to ________ ________ ________ (保持平衡) between the author and the reader. 3. I hold the firm belief that all these measures will ________ ________ (导致) a great improvement in their life. 4. We’d like to ________ ________ ________ (提出建议) that we raise all the people’s awareness of protecting the environment. 5. After the terrible earthquake, many people ________ ________ (给……捐款) the people there. 【答案】 1. give way to 2. keep a balance 3. lead to 4. put forward a proposal 5. donated to 三、重点句型（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据所给句式和中文提示完成句子。 1. 句型公式：动词-ing短语作主语 ________________________________________ is a really big challenge. （在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点并加以保持，真是一项巨大的挑战。） 2. 句型公式：There comes a time when... ________________________________________, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. （新旧更替的时代已经到来，在迈向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。） 3. 句型公式：It is/was + n./adj. + to do sth. It is necessary ________________________________________. （采取有效措施保护传统手工艺是必要的。） 4. 句型公式：with复合结构 ________________________________________, more and more cultural relics are in danger of disappearing. （随着世界经济的发展，越来越多的文化遗迹将面临消失的危险。） 5. 句型公式：find it + adj. + to do sth. We ________________________________________ for heritage protection. （我们发现为遗产保护筹集资金是必要的。） 【答案】 1. Finding and keeping a proper balance between development and cultural heritage protection 2. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new 3. to take effective measures to preserve traditional crafts 4. With the development of the world economy 5. find it necessary to raise funds 四、课文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Economic development is necessary 1.________ we want to improve society. There comes a time 2.________ the old must give way to the new. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites 3.________ (be) a big challenge. A committee 4.________ (establish) to limit damage to the Egyptian temples and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different 5.________ (department) and raised funds within the international community. 6.________ (expert) investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a 7.________ (propose) for how the temples could be saved. The project brought together governments and 8.________ (environment) from around the world. The cultural heritage of a country represents 9.________ (it) long history and rich traditions. It is our responsibility 10.________ (protect) these treasures for future generations. 【答案】 1. if 2. when 3. is 4. was established 5. departments 6. Experts 7. proposal 8. environmentalists 9. its 10. to protect 五、阅读理解（共2篇，8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分） A [2025山东省实验中学期末考试·改编] Deep in the forests of Cambodia’s Siem Reap Province, the five lotus-shaped towers of Angkor Wat stand tall towards the sky. When tourists arrive at the main gate, they will be attracted to the large temple. Angkor Wat was part of a city as big as London, which was the heart of an empire that covered an area from southern Vietnam to Laos, and from the Mekong River to Eastern Myanmar between the 9th and 15th centuries. By around 1500 A.D., the Khmer Empire’s capital was left empty, most likely after heavy floods and long droughts. Later, forests grew all around the temples and buildings that lay hidden until their rediscovery in 1860. Angkor Wat’s inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1992 marked a milestone in the country’s recovery. The action of the International Coordinating Committee for the protection and development of this cultural site is a typical example of international solidarity and proves to be one of UNESCO’s most important achievements. Thirty countries and a group of experts were brought together to work on scientific projects for the restoration of these amazing sites. 1. What can we learn about Angkor Wat from the passage? A. It was built in the 9th century. B. It was once the center of a powerful empire. C. It was destroyed by wars. D. It has always been known to the world. 2. Why was the Khmer Empire’s capital left empty around 1500 A.D.? A. Because of wars and invasions. B. Because of heavy floods and long droughts. C. Because people moved to other places. D. Because the empire broke down. 3. What does the underlined word “solidarity” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Competition B. Conflict C. Unity D. Independence 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the history and protection of Angkor Wat. B. To explain why Angkor Wat was abandoned. C. To encourage tourists to visit Cambodia. D. To compare Angkor Wat with other world heritage sites. 【答案】 1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Angkor Wat was part of a city as big as London, which was the heart of an empire”可知，吴哥窟曾是一个强大帝国的中心。A项时间错误；C项文中未提及战争摧毁；D项与“hidden until their rediscovery in 1860”矛盾。 2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“most likely after heavy floods and long droughts”可知，帝国都城被遗弃最可能是由于洪水和干旱。 3. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文“Thirty countries and a group of experts were brought together”可知，多个国家共同参与文化遗产保护工作，体现了国际合作与团结，solidarity意为“团结、联合”。 4. A【解析】主旨大意题。文章介绍了吴哥窟的历史背景及其被列入世界遗产名录后的保护工作，主要目的是介绍其历史与保护。 B [2025·原创·文化遗产主题] When we talk about cultural heritage, we often think of grand buildings, ancient temples, and valuable artworks. However, cultural heritage is much more than that. It also includes traditions, customs, languages, and knowledge that have been passed down from generation to generation. Intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) has gained increasing attention in recent years. According to UNESCO, intangible cultural heritage includes oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, and traditional craftsmanship. Unlike physical heritage, intangible heritage is alive and constantly evolving. It is passed on through communities and groups in response to their environment and history. China is home to a rich variety of intangible cultural heritage. The Chinese government has made great efforts to protect it. For example, many traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival, have been included in the national list of intangible cultural heritage. Traditional crafts like paper-cutting, shadow puppetry, and Peking opera are also well protected. However, protecting intangible cultural heritage is not without challenges. As society modernizes, many traditional practices are disappearing. Young people are often less interested in learning traditional skills. To address this, schools have started to include cultural heritage education in their curricula. Social media platforms are also being used to promote traditional culture to a wider audience. Every one of us can contribute to the protection of cultural heritage. By learning about our traditions and sharing them with others, we help keep our cultural identity alive for future generations. 5. What does intangible cultural heritage include according to the passage? A. Grand buildings and ancient temples. B. Oral traditions, performing arts, and social practices. C. Valuable artworks and relics. D. Modern technologies and innovations. 6. Why is protecting intangible cultural heritage challenging? A. Because it is too expensive to protect. B. Because the government does not support it. C. Because many traditional practices are disappearing with modernization. D. Because UNESCO does not recognize it. 7. What measures have been taken to protect intangible cultural heritage in China? A. Only the government is responsible for protection. B. Traditional festivals have been included in the national protection list. C. All traditional crafts have been completely preserved. D. Young people are forced to learn traditional skills. 8. What is the author’s attitude towards the protection of cultural heritage? A. Indifferent. B. Pessimistic. C. Positive and encouraging. D. Doubtful. 【答案】 5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“intangible cultural heritage includes oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, and traditional craftsmanship”可知。 6. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“As society modernizes, many traditional practices are disappearing”可知，现代化导致许多传统习俗正在消失，这是保护面临的挑战。 7. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“many traditional festivals...have been included in the national list of intangible cultural heritage”可知。 8. C【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段“Every one of us can contribute...we help keep our cultural identity alive”可知，作者对文化遗产保护持积极鼓励的态度。 六、七选五（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is heritage? 1.________ It includes the traditions, objects, and culture that are passed down from generation to generation. Heritage can be both tangible (有形的) and intangible. Tangible heritage includes physical objects like buildings, monuments, artworks, and artifacts. 2.________ These are the things we can see and touch. The Great Wall, the Pyramids, and the Terracotta Warriors are all examples of tangible heritage. 3.________ This includes traditions, customs, languages, music, and performing arts. While you cannot touch these things, they are equally important in defining a culture. For example, the way people celebrate festivals or the stories they tell their children are part of intangible heritage. Why is it important to protect heritage? Heritage tells us where we come from. 4.________ It gives us a sense of identity and belonging. When we protect heritage, we are not just preserving old things — we are keeping our stories alive for future generations. However, heritage is under threat. Natural disasters, wars, and modernization can all damage or destroy cultural heritage. 5.________ International organizations like UNESCO work with countries around the world to identify and protect important heritage sites. A. Intangible heritage, on the other hand, is not physical. B. It helps us understand our history and culture. C. Heritage is what we inherit from the past. D. That is why protection efforts are so important. E. Everyone should travel to see heritage sites. F. Museums and galleries are full of such treasures. G. Modern technology has made protection easier. 【答案】 1. C 2. F 3. A 4. B 5. D 七、书面表达（共1题，15分） 假设你是李华，你所在的学校即将举办一场“文化遗产保护”主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点写一篇演讲稿： 1. 文化遗产的重要性； 2. 当前文化遗产面临的主要威胁； 3. 我们作为青少年可以为保护文化遗产做些什么。 注意： - 词数100词左右； - 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； - 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your listening! 【参考范文】 Dear fellow students, It is my great honor to speak here today about cultural heritage protection. Cultural heritage is the precious treasure of our nation, carrying the wisdom and spirit of our ancestors. It not only shapes our cultural identity but also serves as a bridge connecting the past, present, and future. However, cultural heritage is now facing serious threats. Natural disasters and climate change cause damage to historic sites, while urbanization and human activities may lead to the disappearance of some traditional crafts. Also, the lack of awareness leads to neglect and improper protection. As teenagers, we can take small but meaningful actions. We can learn about our local cultural heritage and share its stories with others. We can also take part in volunteer activities to help protect historic sites and spread the importance of preservation. Moreover, we can use social media to raise public awareness. Let us join hands and make a difference! Thank you for your listening! 解析 【思路点拨】 本篇书面表达是一篇演讲稿，属于应用文。要求考生围绕“文化遗产保护”主题，从重要性、威胁及青少年行动三个角度展开论述。文章应以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主。写作时需观点鲜明，论证充分，语言富有感召力。 【结构布局】 开头：阐述文化遗产的重要性 中心：分析当前面临的威胁，提出青少年的具体行动建议 结尾：发出呼吁，总结全文 【高分词汇】 ① precious treasure（宝贵的财富） ② cultural identity（文化身份） ③ serve as a bridge（充当桥梁） ④ natural disasters and climate change（自然灾害与气候变化） ⑤ lead to the disappearance of（导致……的消失） ⑥ lack of awareness（缺乏意识） ⑦ take small but meaningful actions（采取微小但有意义的行动） ⑧ take part in volunteer activities（参加志愿活动） ⑨ raise public awareness（提高公众意识） 【高分句型】 ① It is my great honor to speak here today about cultural heritage protection.（`It`作形式主语，不定式`to speak...`作真正主语） ② Cultural heritage is the precious treasure of our nation, carrying the wisdom and spirit of our ancestors.（现在分词短语`carrying...`作伴随状语，补充说明文化财富的具体内涵） ③ Natural disasters and climate change cause damage to historic sites, while urbanization and human activities may lead to the disappearance of some traditional crafts.（`while`连接并列分句，表对比） ④ Let us join hands and make a difference!（祈使句，发出呼吁；`make a difference`表“产生影响”） 【拓展词汇】 ① pass down from generation to generation（代代相传） ② historical significance（历史意义） ③ cultural diversity（文化多样性） ④ preservation efforts（保护努力） ⑤ sense of responsibility（责任感） 【拓展句型】 ① What we need to realize is that cultural heritage is irreplaceable and once lost, it can never be recovered.（我们需要认识到的是，文化遗产是不可替代的，一旦失去就永远无法恢复。）（`what`引导主语从句；`that`引导表语从句；`once lost`为条件状语从句的省略形式） ② Only by working together can we ensure that our rich cultural heritage is passed down to future generations.（只有通过共同努力，我们才能确保我们丰富的文化遗产得以传承给后代。）（“`only+状语`”置于句首引起的部分倒装；`that`引导宾语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $