专题05 Unit 5 A delicate world-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦12个高考高频词汇，以麦夸里岛生态故事为语境主线串联考点，通过知识点列表、词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理词形、词义及搭配，引导学生在语篇理解中自主构建词汇网络，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于语境复现与个性化自测设计，如语法填空融入真题改编题，写作运用设置词汇升级练习，自我检测通过记忆链复述模板帮助学生自主诊断掌握情况，培养语言能力和学习能力。教师可依托多样化练习反馈学情，实现精准指导，助力学生高效备考。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：habitat / biological / dramatically / invasion / collapse / multiply / vegetation / erosion / endangered / mysterious / intervention / prosper （知识点来源：选修二 Unit 5 · A delicate world + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Macquarie Island, a small green island in the Southern Ocean, was once a perfect habitat for millions of seabirds. For centuries the island had no large land animals at all, and its biological balance remained simple and stable. Then, in the nineteenth century, sailors brought rats and mice ashore by accident, and everything changed dramatically. With no natural enemies on the island, the rodents soon spread across the whole island, and their invasion destroyed the nests of the seabirds, whose eggs had never been threatened before. To control the rats, people later brought in cats, but the cats quickly began hunting the seabirds as well, and the island's ecology started to collapse. Rabbits that arrived even later multiplied so fast that they ate the native vegetation down to the roots, and the loss of plants on the windy hills caused serious soil erosion, so that whole slopes slipped into the sea. Within a few decades, many bird species had become endangered, and the island itself looked like a battlefield of hungry animals. Scientists finally realised that no single measure would ever work. After years of careful study, a large-scale intervention was carried out: planes spread poison over the island, and teams of hunters removed the remaining rats and rabbits one by one. It was a mysterious and risky plan, and nobody could promise that it would succeed. Years later, however, the island began to recover. The vegetation grew back, the soil stayed in place, and the seabirds returned in great numbers. Today the island prospers once again, and its story reminds us that nature is delicate: every living thing is connected. 【中文译文】 麦夸里岛，南大洋中一座小小的绿色岛屿，曾经是数百万海鸟的完美栖息地（habitat）。几个世纪以来，岛上没有任何大型陆生动物，生物的（biological）平衡简单而稳定。然而19世纪，水手们无意中把老鼠带上了岸，一切都显著地（dramatically）改变了。由于岛上没有天敌，啮齿动物很快遍布全岛，它们的入侵（invasion）摧毁了海鸟的巢穴——这些鸟蛋以前从未受过威胁。 为了控制老鼠，人们后来引进了猫，但猫很快也开始捕食海鸟，岛的生态开始崩溃（collapse）。更晚到达的兔子繁殖（multiply）得飞快，把原生植被（vegetation）啃到根部，多风山丘上植被的消失引发了严重的水土侵蚀（erosion），整面山坡滑入海中。短短几十年，许多鸟类濒危（endangered），岛本身看上去就像一个饥饿动物的战场。 科学家们终于意识到，任何单一措施都不会奏效。经过多年仔细研究，一场大规模的人为干预（intervention）展开了：飞机向岛上撒播毒药，猎人队伍一只只清除残余的老鼠和兔子。这是一个神秘（mysterious）而冒险的计划，没有人敢保证它会成功。然而多年后，岛开始恢复：植被重新长出来，土壤固定下来，海鸟大批归来。如今，这座岛再次繁荣（prosper）起来，它的故事提醒我们：自然是脆弱的，每一个生命都相互关联。 Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 ⚡考点：a natural habitat 自然栖息地；wildlife habitat 野生动物栖息地；native habitat 原生栖息地 2 biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生物的，生物学的 ⚡考点：biological diversity 生物多样性；biological balance 生态平衡；biology n. 生物学 3 dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 戏剧性地；显著地 ⚡考点：change dramatically 显著变化；increase dramatically 急剧增加；dramatic adj. 显著的 4 invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒn/ n. 入侵，侵略 ⚡考点：the invasion of... …的入侵；an invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私；invade v. 入侵 5 collapse /kəˈlæps/ v./n. 崩溃，倒塌 ⚡考点：ecosystem collapse 生态崩溃；collapse under pressure 压力下崩溃；economic collapse 经济崩溃 6 multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ v. 繁殖；成倍增加 ⚡考点：multiply quickly 迅速繁殖；multiply by 乘以；multiplication n. 繁殖；乘法 7 vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ n. 植被，植物 ⚡考点：native vegetation 原生植被；dense vegetation 茂密的植被；vegetable n. 蔬菜 8 erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ n. 侵蚀，腐蚀 ⚡考点：soil erosion 水土流失；coastal erosion 海岸侵蚀；erode v. 侵蚀 9 endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的 ⚡考点：endangered species 濒危物种；endanger v. 危及；be in danger of 处于…危险中 10 mysterious /mɪˈstɪəriəs/ adj. 神秘的 ⚡考点：a mysterious place 神秘的地方；mystery n. 谜；mysteriously adv. 神秘地 11 intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 干预，介入 ⚡考点：human intervention 人为干预；military intervention 军事干预；intervene v. 干预 12 prosper /ˈprɒspə(r)/ v. 繁荣，兴旺 ⚡考点：prosper and grow 繁荣发展；prosperous adj. 繁荣的；prosperity n. 繁荣 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 【核心考点】 habitat是说明文与环保类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①栖息地——a natural habitat（自然栖息地）、wildlife habitat（野生动物栖息地）、native habitat（原生栖息地）；②（动植物的）生长环境——the habitat of the panda（大熊猫的栖息地）。辨析：habitat（栖息地，动物自然生长的地方）vs home（家）vs environment（环境，大范围）vs ecosystem（生态系统）。写作金句：To protect a species is to protect its habitat, for no creature can live where its home has disappeared（保护一个物种就是保护它的栖息地，因为家园消失之处没有生物能够生存）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语habitare"居住"（habere"拥有，保持"）→ 居住之地→ 栖息地。联想：hab"居住"→ habitat（居住地→栖息地）、inhabit（居住于）、inhabitant（居民）、habit（习惯→长期保持的行为）。记住：habit=居住，habitat即"常住之地"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：habitat还可表示"（人）惯常的环境，聚集地"，如the natural habitat of the artist（艺术家惯常活动的圈子）。此义较少见，阅读中注意。 【真题原句】 （2024新高考I卷·语法填空真题）"...the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England."（丝路古道把植物从它们在亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，最终成就了英国园艺的大部分丰富内涵。）（真题原句·habitat 栖息地） 【搭配词块】 a natural habitat 自然栖息地 / wildlife habitat 野生动物栖息地 / native habitat 原生栖息地 / the habitat of... …的栖息地 2. biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生物的，生物学的 【核心考点】 biological是说明文与科技类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①生物的，生物学的——biological diversity（生物多样性）、biological balance（生态平衡）、biological research（生物学研究）；②（血缘）亲生的——biological parents（亲生父母）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：biology n. 生物学；biologist n. 生物学家；biologically adv. 生物学地。辨析：biological（生物的，生物学的）vs organic（有机的）vs ecological（生态的）vs natural（自然的）。写作金句：Biological diversity is the library of life, and once a species is lost, the book can never be rewritten（生物多样性是生命的图书馆，一个物种一旦消失，这本书就再也无法重写）。 【词根联想】 希腊语bios"生命"+logos"学说"→ 研究生命的学说→ 生物的。联想：bio"生命"→ biological（生命的→生物的）、biology（生物学）、biography（传记→书写生命）、antibiotic（抗生素→抗生命的）。记住：bio=生命，biological即"关乎生命的"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：biological还可表示"（武器、战争）生物（战）的"，如biological weapons（生物武器）。此义出现于新闻类语篇，阅读中注意。 【真题原句】 （2022新高考I卷·语法填空真题）"The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones..."（大熊猫国家公园的设计遵循保护自然生态系统的真实性与完整性、保护生物多样性、保护生态缓冲区的指导原则……）（真题原句·biological 生物的） 【搭配词块】 biological diversity 生物多样性 / biological balance 生态平衡 / biological research 生物学研究 / biological parents 亲生父母 3. dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 戏剧性地；显著地 【核心考点】 dramatically是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频副词。用法要点：①显著地，急剧地——change dramatically（显著变化）、increase dramatically（急剧增加）、decrease dramatically（急剧减少）；②戏剧性地——The story ended dramatically。派生词是语法填空高频考点：dramatic adj. 显著的；戏剧性的→ a dramatic change（显著的变化）；drama n. 戏剧。辨析：dramatically（显著地，大幅地）vs significantly（显著地）vs sharply（急剧地）vs greatly（大大地）。写作金句：Small daily choices, repeated over years, can change a life dramatically（微小的日常选择，年复一年地重复，能显著地改变一生）。 【词根联想】 希腊语drama"行动，戏剧"（dran"做"）→ 像戏剧一样→ 戏剧性地。联想：dra"做"→ dramatic（戏剧性的→显著的）、drama（戏剧）、dramatist（剧作家）、dramatize（使戏剧化）。记住：drama=戏，dramatically即"像演戏一样夸张"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：dramatically意义稳定，无生义。注意dramatically常与increase/change/reduce等动词连用，表示"幅度大"，是阅读与写作的高频搭配。 【真题原句】 （2024年1月浙江卷·阅读D真题）"But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago..."（但当我们重塑了周围的世界，大幅降低了获取卡路里的成本与努力时，我们的大脑仍与几千年前一样……）（真题原句·dramatically 显著地） 【搭配词块】 change dramatically 显著变化 / increase dramatically 急剧增加 / dramatically reduce 大幅减少 / a dramatic change 显著的变化 4. invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒn/ n. 入侵，侵略 【核心考点】 invasion是新闻与历史类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①入侵，侵略——the invasion of...（…的入侵）、a military invasion（军事入侵）；②（有害生物的）侵入，大批涌入——the invasion of the rats（老鼠的入侵）、an invasion of privacy（侵犯隐私）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：invade v. 入侵；invader n. 入侵者；invasive adj. 侵入的→ invasive species（入侵物种）。辨析：invasion（入侵，侵入）vs attack（攻击）vs aggression（侵略，侵犯）vs intrusion（闯入，打扰）。写作金句：The invasion of a foreign species can be as destructive as the invasion of an army, for nature has no border guards（外来物种的入侵可以像军队入侵一样具有破坏性，因为自然界没有边防守卫）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语invadere"进入"（in-"进入"+vadere"走"）→ 强行走入→ 入侵。联想：vad"走"→ invasion（强行走入→入侵）、invade（入侵）、invader（入侵者）、evade（逃避→走开）、pervade（弥漫→走遍）。记住：in + vade = 闯进去。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：invasion还可表示"（人群的）涌入，蜂拥而至"，如the annual invasion of tourists（每年蜂拥而至的游客）。此义中invasion不带贬义，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"With no natural enemies on the island, the rodents soon spread across the whole island, and their invasion destroyed the nests of the seabirds."（岛上没有天敌，啮齿动物很快遍布全岛，它们的入侵摧毁了海鸟的巢穴。）（经典原句·invasion 入侵） 【搭配词块】 the invasion of... …的入侵 / a military invasion 军事入侵 / an invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私 / invasive species 入侵物种 5. collapse /kəˈlæps/ v./n. 崩溃，倒塌 【核心考点】 collapse是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①倒塌——The bridge collapsed in the flood；②崩溃，垮掉——The economy collapsed；The whole system collapsed；③（人）倒下——He collapsed from exhaustion。名词用法：崩溃，倒塌——ecosystem collapse（生态崩溃）、the collapse of the building（大楼倒塌）。辨析：collapse（崩溃，倒塌，突然且彻底）vs fall down（倒下）vs break down（出故障；崩溃）vs crash（（飞机等）坠毁；崩溃）。写作金句：An ecosystem may take thousands of years to build, but it can collapse in a single careless season（一个生态系统可能需要数千年建成，却可能在一个疏忽的季节里崩溃）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语collabi"一起倒下"（col-"共同"+labi"滑落"）→ 一起滑落→ 倒塌。联想：lapse"滑落"→ collapse（一起滑落→倒塌）、lapse（失误；流逝）、elapse（（时间）流逝）、relapse（复发→重新滑落）。记住：col + lapse = 一起滑下去。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：collapse还可作名词表示"（价格的）暴跌，（身体的）虚脱"，如the collapse of prices（物价暴跌）、suffer a collapse（虚脱）。此义出现于经济与健康类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"To control the rats, people later brought in cats, but the cats quickly began hunting the seabirds as well, and the island's ecology started to collapse."（为了控制老鼠，人们后来引进了猫，但猫很快也开始捕食海鸟，岛的生态开始崩溃。）（经典原句·collapse 崩溃） 【搭配词块】 ecosystem collapse 生态崩溃 / the collapse of... …的倒塌 / economic collapse 经济崩溃 / collapse from exhaustion 累倒 6. multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ v. 繁殖；成倍增加 【核心考点】 multiply是说明文与数学类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①繁殖——multiply quickly（迅速繁殖）——Rabbits multiply very fast；②成倍增加，增多——Our problems multiplied；③（数学）乘——multiply 3 by 5（3乘以5）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：multiplication n. 繁殖；乘法；multiple adj. 多重的。辨析：multiply（繁殖；倍增）vs increase（增加）vs grow（增长，生长）vs reproduce（繁殖，复制）。写作金句：Trouble multiplies when we ignore it, while courage multiplies when we share it（忽视时麻烦会倍增，分享时勇气会倍增）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语multiplicare"使多倍"（multus"多"+plicare"折叠"）→ 折叠多份→ 倍增。联想：multi"多"+ply"折叠"→ multiply（折成多份→倍增）、multiple（多重的）、multitude（众多）、complicated（复杂的→折叠在一起的）。记住：multi + ply = 折成多份。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：multiply还可表示"（使）大幅增加"，如Reading multiplies the joys of life（阅读使生活的乐趣倍增）。此义中multiply不指繁殖，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Rabbits that arrived even later multiplied so fast that they ate the native vegetation down to the roots."（更晚到达的兔子繁殖得飞快，把原生植被啃到只剩根部。）（经典原句·multiply 繁殖） 【搭配词块】 multiply quickly 迅速繁殖 / multiply by 乘以 / multiplication n. 繁殖；乘法 / multiple adj. 多重的 7. vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ n. 植被，植物 【核心考点】 vegetation是说明文与地理类语篇的高频名词（不可数）。用法要点：①植被，草木——native vegetation（原生植被）、dense vegetation（茂密的植被）、lush vegetation（繁茂的植被）；②（某地区的）植物总称——the vegetation of the island（岛上的植物）。辨析：vegetation（植被，植物总称，不可数）vs plant（植物，可数）vs vegetable（蔬菜）vs flora（植物群）。写作金句：Vegetation is the skin of the earth; strip it away, and the soil begins to bleed（植被是大地的皮肤；剥去它，土壤就开始流血）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语vegetare"使有活力"（vegere"有生气"）→ 有生气之物→ 植物。联想：veg"有生气"→ vegetation（生机勃勃→植被）、vegetable（蔬菜）、vigor（活力）、vigorous（精力充沛的）。记住：veg=生气，vegetation即"有生气的草木"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：vegetation意义稳定，无生义。注意vegetation为不可数名词，无复数形式，语法填空中注意搭配（如the loss of vegetation）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The rabbits ate the native vegetation down to the roots, and the loss of plants on the windy hills caused serious soil erosion."（兔子把原生植被啃到根部，多风山丘上植物的消失引发了严重的水土侵蚀。）（经典原句·vegetation 植被） 【搭配词块】 native vegetation 原生植被 / dense vegetation 茂密的植被 / lush vegetation 繁茂的植被 / the vegetation of... …的植物 8. erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ n. 侵蚀，腐蚀 【核心考点】 erosion是说明文与地理类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①侵蚀，腐蚀——soil erosion（水土流失）、coastal erosion（海岸侵蚀）、water erosion（水流侵蚀）；②（抽象）削弱，侵蚀——the erosion of trust（信任的削弱）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：erode v. 侵蚀；eroding adj. 侵蚀的。辨析：erosion（侵蚀，磨损）vs corrosion（腐蚀，锈蚀）vs weathering（风化）vs destruction（破坏）。写作金句：Soil erosion begins with the loss of one blade of grass, and trust erosion begins with one unkept promise（水土流失始于失去一根草，信任流失始于一个未兑现的诺言）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语erodere"啃掉"（e-"向外"+rodere"啃"）→ 啃蚀→ 侵蚀。联想：rod"啃"→ erosion（啃掉→侵蚀）、erode（侵蚀）、rodent（啮齿动物→会啃的）、corrode（腐蚀→共同啃掉）。记住：e + rose = 啃蚀而出。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：erosion还可表示"（信心、权利等的）逐步丧失，削弱"，如the erosion of public confidence（公众信心的逐步丧失）。此义较抽象，出现于议论文语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The loss of plants on the windy hills caused serious soil erosion, so that whole slopes slipped into the sea."（多风山丘上植被的消失引发了严重的水土侵蚀，整面山坡滑入海中。）（经典原句·erosion 侵蚀） 【搭配词块】 soil erosion 水土流失 / coastal erosion 海岸侵蚀 / the erosion of trust 信任的削弱 / erode v. 侵蚀 9. endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的 【核心考点】 endangered是说明文与环保类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①濒危的——endangered species（濒危物种）、an endangered animal（濒危动物）；②（生命等）受到威胁的。派生词是语法填空高频考点：endanger v. 危及→ endanger the lives（危及生命）；danger n. 危险→ be in danger of（处于…危险中）；dangerous adj. 危险的。辨析：endangered（濒危的，物种面临灭绝）vs dangerous（危险的）vs in danger（处于危险中）vs extinct（灭绝的）。写作金句：Every endangered species is a warning written in the language of nature, and we ignore it at our own peril（每一个濒危物种都是大自然用它的语言写下的警告，我们忽视它就会自食其果）。 【词根联想】 中古英语dangere"权力，危险"（拉丁语dominus"主人"）→ 处于主人控制下→ 危险。联想：danger"危险"→ endangered（处于危险中→濒危）、dangerous（危险的）、danger（危险）、dungeon（地牢→主人关押之处）。记住：en + danger = 陷入危险。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：endangered意义稳定，无生义。注意endangered species为固定搭配，语法填空中常考查endanger的过去分词作定语。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Within a few decades, many bird species had become endangered, and the island itself looked like a battlefield of hungry animals."（短短几十年，许多鸟类濒危，岛本身看上去就像一个饥饿动物的战场。）（经典原句·endangered 濒危的） 【搭配词块】 endangered species 濒危物种 / endanger the lives 危及生命 / be in danger of 处于…危险中 / dangerous adj. 危险的 10. mysterious /mɪˈstɪəriəs/ adj. 神秘的 【核心考点】 mysterious是记叙文与说明文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①神秘的，难以解释的——a mysterious place（神秘的地方）、mysterious sounds（神秘的声音）、a mysterious disappearance（神秘的失踪）；②神秘的，诡秘的（人）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：mystery n. 谜，神秘→ solve the mystery（解开谜团）；mysteriously adv. 神秘地。辨析：mysterious（神秘的，难以解释的）vs strange（奇怪的）vs puzzling（令人困惑的）vs secret（秘密的）。写作金句：Nature keeps many mysterious books on its shelves, and science is the light we read them by（大自然在书架上藏着许多神秘的书，科学是我们阅读它们的光）。 【词根联想】 希腊语mysterion"秘密仪式"（myein"闭眼，闭嘴"）→ 闭口不言之事→ 神秘。联想：my"闭口"→ mysterious（闭口不提→神秘的）、mystery（谜）、mystic（神秘的）、myth（神话→口口相传的故事）。记住：mystery=秘而不宣之事。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mysterious还可表示"（人）诡秘的，故弄玄虚的"，如a mysterious stranger（神秘的陌生人）。此义中mysterious带有人格化色彩，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"It was a mysterious and risky plan, and nobody could promise that it would succeed, yet the island slowly began to heal."（那是一个神秘而冒险的计划，没有人敢保证它会成功，然而岛慢慢开始愈合。）（经典原句·mysterious 神秘的） 【搭配词块】 a mysterious place 神秘的地方 / mysterious sounds 神秘的声音 / solve the mystery 解开谜团 / mysteriously adv. 神秘地 11. intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 干预，介入 【核心考点】 intervention是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①干预，介入——human intervention（人为干预）、government intervention（政府干预）、military intervention（军事干预）；②（为改善某事而进行的）干预行动。派生词是语法填空高频考点：intervene v. 干预→ intervene in（干预）；intervening adj. 介于中间的。辨析：intervention（干预，介入，正式）vs interference（干涉，干扰，多贬义）vs involvement（参与，卷入）vs participation（参加）。写作金句：Sometimes the wisest intervention is to do nothing and let nature heal itself, but knowing when is the hardest part（有时最明智的干预是什么都不做，让自然自我疗愈，但最难的是知道何时该做）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语intervenire"来到中间"（inter-"在…之间"+venire"来"）→ 来到中间→ 介入。联想：ven"来"→ intervention（来到中间→干预）、intervene（干预）、prevent（阻止→先来一步）、convention（大会→聚到一起）。记住：inter + vene = 插到中间来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：intervention还可表示"（医生为挽救生命的）治疗措施，手术"，如medical intervention（医疗干预）。此义出现于医学类语篇，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"After years of careful study, a large-scale intervention was carried out: planes spread poison over the island, and teams of hunters removed the remaining rats and rabbits one by one."（经过多年仔细研究，一场大规模的人为干预展开了：飞机向岛上撒播毒药，猎人队伍一只只清除残余的老鼠和兔子。）（经典原句·intervention 干预） 【搭配词块】 human intervention 人为干预 / government intervention 政府干预 / intervene in 干预 / medical intervention 医疗干预 12. prosper /ˈprɒspə(r)/ v. 繁荣，兴旺 【核心考点】 prosper是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词（不及物）。用法要点：①繁荣，兴旺——prosper and grow（繁荣发展）——The town prospered after the railway was built；②（人）成功，发达。派生词是语法填空高频考点：prosperous adj. 繁荣的→ a prosperous economy（繁荣的经济）；prosperity n. 繁荣→ economic prosperity（经济繁荣）。辨析：prosper（繁荣，兴旺，正式）vs flourish（繁荣，兴旺）vs thrive（兴旺，茁壮成长）vs boom（激增，繁荣）。写作金句：A community prospers not by taking more from nature, but by giving it time to recover（一个社区繁荣，不是靠向自然索取更多，而是给自然恢复的时间）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语prosperare"使成功"（pro-"向前"+sperare"希望"）→ 向希望前进→ 兴旺。联想：sper"希望"→ prosper（向希望前进→兴旺）、prosperity（繁荣）、prosperous（繁荣的）、desperate（绝望的→没有希望的）。记住：pro + sper = 朝希望走。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：prosper意义稳定，无生义。注意prosper为不及物动词，后不直接接宾语；prosper与prosperous/prosperity的转换是语法填空高频考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Today the island prospers once again, and its story reminds us that nature is delicate: every living thing is connected."（如今这座岛再次繁荣起来，它的故事提醒我们：自然是脆弱的，每一个生命都相互关联。）（经典原句·prosper 繁荣） 【搭配词块】 prosper and grow 繁荣发展 / prosperous adj. 繁荣的 / economic prosperity 经济繁荣 / a prosperous economy 繁荣的经济 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 habitat habitats (n.复数) inhabit (v.) inhabitant (n.) a natural habitat / native habitat biological biology (n.) biologist (n.) biologically (adv.) biological diversity / biology dramatically dramatic (adj.) drama (n.) dramatize (v.) change dramatically / a dramatic change invasion invade (v.) invader (n.) invasive (adj.) the invasion of / invasive species collapse collapsed (adj.) collapsing (adj.) --- ecosystem collapse / collapse under pressure multiply multiple (adj.) multiplication (n.) --- multiply quickly / multiply by vegetation vegetate (v.) --- --- native vegetation / dense vegetation erosion erode (v.) eroding (adj.) --- soil erosion / coastal erosion endangered endanger (v.) danger (n.) dangerous (adj.) endangered species / be in danger of mysterious mystery (n.) mysteriously (adv.) --- a mysterious place / solve the mystery intervention intervene (v.) intervening (adj.) --- human intervention / intervene in prosper prosperous (adj.) prosperity (n.) prosperously (adv.) prosper and grow / economic prosperity Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2024新高考I卷·语法填空·改编）The Silk Route brought the plants from their native ____________ (habitats) in Asia to England. 2.（2022新高考I卷·语法填空·改编）The GPNP is designed to preserve ____________ (biology) diversity. 3.（2024年1月浙江卷·阅读D·改编）We have reshaped the world, ____________ (dramatic) reducing the cost of obtaining calories. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The ____________ (invade) of the rats soon spread across the whole island. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The island's ecosystem was in danger of total ____________ (collapsible). 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The rabbits ____________ (multiplication) so quickly that they ate all the grass. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The loss of the native ____________ (vegetate) caused serious soil erosion. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）Soil ____________ (erode) became a serious problem on the windy hills. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Many seabird species were ____________ (danger) and needed immediate protection. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The ____________ (mystery) plan worried the scientists, but nobody had a better idea. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The removal of the rats was a large-scale human ____________ (intervene). 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）After years of recovery, the island began to ____________ (prosperity) once again. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The seabirds returned to their natural ____________ (habitats) after years of recovery. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The number of rats on the island ____________ (collapse) after the poison was spread. 15.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The island now ____________ (prosperity) as a home for thousands of seabirds. 【答案】 1. habitat 2. biological 3. dramatically 4. invasion 5. collapse 6. multiplied 7. vegetation 8. erosion 9. endangered 10. mysterious 11. intervention 12. prosper 13. habitat 14. collapsed 15. prospers 【逐题解析】 1. habitat — 提示词habitats为复数，their native后此处表泛指栖息地，用单数habitat。 2. biological — 提示词biology为名词，修饰diversity须用形容词，biological diversity意为"生物多样性"。 3. dramatically — 提示词dramatic为形容词，修饰reducing须用副词，dramatically意为"显著地"。 4. invasion — 提示词invade为动词，定冠词the后须用名词，the invasion of the rats意为"老鼠的入侵"。 5. collapse — 提示词collapsible为形容词，total后须用名词，total collapse意为"彻底崩溃"。 6. multiplied — 提示词multiplication为名词，本句缺谓语，用一般过去时multiplied。 7. vegetation — 提示词vegetate为动词，the native后须用名词，native vegetation意为"原生植被"。 8. erosion — 提示词erode为动词，soil后须用名词，soil erosion意为"水土流失"。 9. endangered — 提示词danger为名词，were后须用形容词作表语，endangered意为"濒危的"。 10. mysterious — 提示词mystery为名词，修饰plan须用形容词，mysterious意为"神秘的"。 11. intervention — 提示词intervene为动词，human后须用名词，human intervention意为"人为干预"。 12. prosper — 提示词prosperity为名词，began to后须用动词原形，prosper意为"繁荣"。 13. habitat — 提示词habitats为复数，their natural后此处用单数表泛指，habitat意为"栖息地"。 14. collapsed — 提示词collapse为动词原形，本句缺谓语，用一般过去时collapsed。 15. prospers — 提示词prosperity为名词，主语the island为单数，一般现在时用prospers。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 麦夸里岛曾是天赐海鸟的____________（栖息地），____________（生物的）平衡简单稳定。19世纪水手带来老鼠，一切____________（显著地）改变：鼠患____________（入侵）全岛，偷吃鸟蛋。 人们引猫灭鼠，猫却捕食海鸟，生态开始____________（崩溃）；兔子____________（繁殖）飞快，吃光原生____________（植被），引发严重水土____________（侵蚀），海鸟沦为____________（濒危的）。科学家实施大规模人为____________（干预），那是一个____________（神秘的）计划；多年后岛屿恢复____________（繁荣）。 【答案】 habitat; biological; dramatically; invasion; collapse; multiply; vegetation; erosion; endangered; intervention; mysterious; prosper Part 7 关联阅读 Macquarie Island, a small green island in the Southern Ocean, sits roughly halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica. For centuries it was a perfect habitat for millions of seabirds, penguins and seals, and because the island had no large land animals at all, its biological balance remained simple and stable. Then, in the nineteenth century, sailors brought rats and mice ashore by accident, and everything changed dramatically. With no natural enemies on the island, the rodents spread across the whole island within a few years, and their invasion destroyed the seabirds' nests, whose eggs had never been threatened before. The island's rocky shores and green hills had been a noisy city of birds. To control the rats, people later brought in cats, but the cats quickly began hunting the seabirds as well, and the island's ecology started to collapse. Rabbits that arrived even later multiplied so fast that they ate the native vegetation down to the roots, and the loss of plants on the windy hills caused serious soil erosion, so that whole slopes slipped into the sea. Within a few decades, many bird species had become endangered, and the island itself looked like a battlefield of hungry animals fighting over the last of the food. Every attempt to fix one problem seemed to create another. Scientists finally realised that no single measure would ever work. After years of careful study, a large-scale intervention was carried out: planes spread poison over the island, and teams of hunters removed the remaining rats and rabbits one by one. It was a mysterious and risky plan, and nobody could promise that it would succeed. Years later, however, the island began to recover. The vegetation grew back, the soil stayed in place, and the seabirds returned in great numbers. Today the island prospers once again, and its story reminds us that nature is delicate: every living thing is connected, and one careless step can shake the whole web of life. Protecting a place means understanding it, and understanding takes patience. It is a lesson that speaks to every corner of the earth. 1. What was the island like before the nineteenth century? A. It was a peaceful home for millions of seabirds. B. It was covered with large forests. C. It had many dangerous land animals. D. It was completely uninhabited by animals. 2. Why did the cats make the problem worse? A. They ate the rats very slowly. B. They began hunting the seabirds too. C. They brought more rats to the island. D. They destroyed the native plants. 3. What did the scientists do to save the island? A. They built fences around the island. B. They moved the seabirds to another island. C. They carried out a large-scale intervention. D. They fed the seabirds with special food. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Seabirds are the most important animals on earth. B. Islands should never be visited by tourists. C. Cats and rabbits are the worst enemies of nature. D. Nature is delicate, and every living thing is connected. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段明确交代——"For centuries it was a perfect habitat for millions of seabirds"，几个世纪以来它是数百万海鸟的完美栖息地，与A项It was a peaceful home for millions of seabirds对应，故选A。B项"覆盖大片森林"、C项"有许多危险的陆生动物"与原文"no large land animals"相悖；D项"完全没有动物"不符。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段首句是解题句——"the cats quickly began hunting the seabirds as well"，猫很快也开始捕食海鸟，使问题恶化，与B项They began hunting the seabirds too吻合，故选B。A项"吃老鼠很慢"、C项"带来更多老鼠"、D项"破坏原生植物"（破坏植物的是兔子）均与原文不符。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第三段是解题句——"a large-scale intervention was carried out: planes spread poison over the island"，科学家实施大规模干预：飞机撒药、猎人清除残余老鼠和兔子，与C项They carried out a large-scale intervention一致，故选C。A项"建围栏"、B项"搬走海鸟"、D项"喂特殊食物"均无依据。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文以麦夸里岛生态灾难与恢复为线索：从平衡被打破、崩溃到干预与繁荣，末段点明主旨——"nature is delicate: every living thing is connected"，自然是脆弱的，万物相连，与D项Nature is delicate, and every living thing is connected吻合，故选D。A、B、C项均以偏概全或偏离主题。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：habitat, biological, dramatically, invasion, collapse, multiply, vegetation, erosion, endangered, mysterious, intervention, prosper Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The forest is the natural home of many rare animals. → The forest is the natural ____________ of many rare animals. 2. The study of life forms has made great progress in recent years. → ____________ research has made great progress in recent years. 3. The number of visitors has increased greatly in the past year. → The number of visitors has increased ____________ in the past year. 4. The arrival of foreign plants changed the local environment. → The ____________ of foreign plants changed the local environment. 5. The old building fell down suddenly during the storm. → The old building ____________ during the storm. 6. The number of rabbits increased very quickly on the island. → The rabbits ____________ very quickly on the island. 7. The hills were covered with green plants and flowers. → The hills were covered with native ____________ and flowers. 8. The wind and rain slowly wore away the surface of the rocks. → The wind and rain caused serious ____________ of the rocks. 9. The giant panda is a species that is in danger of dying out. → The giant panda is an ____________ species. 10. The old temple has a strange and unknown history. → The old temple has a ____________ history. 11. Without human help and involvement, the island could not have recovered. → Without human ____________, the island could not have recovered. 12. The small town grew and became rich after the new road was built. → The small town began to ____________ after the new road was built. 【答案】 1. habitat 2. biological 3. dramatically 4. invasion 5. collapsed 6. multiplied 7. vegetation 8. erosion 9. endangered 10. mysterious 11. intervention 12. prosper Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：habitat → biological → dramatically → invasion → collapse → multiply → vegetation → erosion → endangered → mysterious → intervention → prosper 复述模板（填空）： 麦夸里岛是海鸟的____________（栖息地），____________（生物的）平衡稳定；鼠患____________（入侵）后一切____________（显著地）改变：生态____________（崩溃）、兔子____________（繁殖）、植被被吃光、水土____________（侵蚀）、海鸟____________（濒危的）。 科学家实施____________（神秘的）人为____________（干预），多年后岛屿恢复____________（繁荣）。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：habitat; biological; invasion; dramatically; collapse; multiply; vegetation; erosion; endangered; mysterious; intervention; prosper 复述模板参考版本： Macquarie Island was once a perfect habitat for millions of seabirds, and its biological balance was simple and stable. After the invasion of the rats, everything changed dramatically: the island's ecology began to collapse, the rabbits multiplied quickly, the native vegetation was eaten up, and serious erosion washed the soil away. Many bird species became endangered. At last, scientists carried out a mysterious but large-scale intervention, and years later the island began to prosper once again. The story reminds us that nature is delicate and every living thing is connected. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：habitat / biological / dramatically / invasion / collapse / multiply / vegetation / erosion / endangered / mysterious / intervention / prosper （知识点来源：选修二 Unit 5 · A delicate world + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 2 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Macquarie Island, a small green island in the Southern Ocean, was once a perfect habitat for millions of seabirds. For centuries the island had no large land animals at all, and its biological balance remained simple and stable. Then, in the nineteenth century, sailors brought rats and mice ashore by accident, and everything changed dramatically. With no natural enemies on the island, the rodents soon spread across the whole island, and their invasion destroyed the nests of the seabirds, whose eggs had never been threatened before. To control the rats, people later brought in cats, but the cats quickly began hunting the seabirds as well, and the island's ecology started to collapse. Rabbits that arrived even later multiplied so fast that they ate the native vegetation down to the roots, and the loss of plants on the windy hills caused serious soil erosion, so that whole slopes slipped into the sea. Within a few decades, many bird species had become endangered, and the island itself looked like a battlefield of hungry animals. Scientists finally realised that no single measure would ever work. After years of careful study, a large-scale intervention was carried out: planes spread poison over the island, and teams of hunters removed the remaining rats and rabbits one by one. It was a mysterious and risky plan, and nobody could promise that it would succeed. Years later, however, the island began to recover. The vegetation grew back, the soil stayed in place, and the seabirds returned in great numbers. Today the island prospers once again, and its story reminds us that nature is delicate: every living thing is connected. 【中文译文】 麦夸里岛，南大洋中一座小小的绿色岛屿，曾经是数百万海鸟的完美栖息地（habitat）。几个世纪以来，岛上没有任何大型陆生动物，生物的（biological）平衡简单而稳定。然而19世纪，水手们无意中把老鼠带上了岸，一切都显著地（dramatically）改变了。由于岛上没有天敌，啮齿动物很快遍布全岛，它们的入侵（invasion）摧毁了海鸟的巢穴——这些鸟蛋以前从未受过威胁。 为了控制老鼠，人们后来引进了猫，但猫很快也开始捕食海鸟，岛的生态开始崩溃（collapse）。更晚到达的兔子繁殖（multiply）得飞快，把原生植被（vegetation）啃到根部，多风山丘上植被的消失引发了严重的水土侵蚀（erosion），整面山坡滑入海中。短短几十年，许多鸟类濒危（endangered），岛本身看上去就像一个饥饿动物的战场。 科学家们终于意识到，任何单一措施都不会奏效。经过多年仔细研究，一场大规模的人为干预（intervention）展开了：飞机向岛上撒播毒药，猎人队伍一只只清除残余的老鼠和兔子。这是一个神秘（mysterious）而冒险的计划，没有人敢保证它会成功。然而多年后，岛开始恢复：植被重新长出来，土壤固定下来，海鸟大批归来。如今，这座岛再次繁荣（prosper）起来，它的故事提醒我们：自然是脆弱的，每一个生命都相互关联。 Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 ⚡考点：a natural habitat 自然栖息地；wildlife habitat 野生动物栖息地；native habitat 原生栖息地 2 biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生物的，生物学的 ⚡考点：biological diversity 生物多样性；biological balance 生态平衡；biology n. 生物学 3 dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 戏剧性地；显著地 ⚡考点：change dramatically 显著变化；increase dramatically 急剧增加；dramatic adj. 显著的 4 invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒn/ n. 入侵，侵略 ⚡考点：the invasion of... …的入侵；an invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私；invade v. 入侵 5 collapse /kəˈlæps/ v./n. 崩溃，倒塌 ⚡考点：ecosystem collapse 生态崩溃；collapse under pressure 压力下崩溃；economic collapse 经济崩溃 6 multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ v. 繁殖；成倍增加 ⚡考点：multiply quickly 迅速繁殖；multiply by 乘以；multiplication n. 繁殖；乘法 7 vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ n. 植被，植物 ⚡考点：native vegetation 原生植被；dense vegetation 茂密的植被；vegetable n. 蔬菜 8 erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ n. 侵蚀，腐蚀 ⚡考点：soil erosion 水土流失；coastal erosion 海岸侵蚀；erode v. 侵蚀 9 endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的 ⚡考点：endangered species 濒危物种；endanger v. 危及；be in danger of 处于…危险中 10 mysterious /mɪˈstɪəriəs/ adj. 神秘的 ⚡考点：a mysterious place 神秘的地方；mystery n. 谜；mysteriously adv. 神秘地 11 intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 干预，介入 ⚡考点：human intervention 人为干预；military intervention 军事干预；intervene v. 干预 12 prosper /ˈprɒspə(r)/ v. 繁荣，兴旺 ⚡考点：prosper and grow 繁荣发展；prosperous adj. 繁荣的；prosperity n. 繁荣 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 【核心考点】 habitat是说明文与环保类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①栖息地——a natural habitat（自然栖息地）、wildlife habitat（野生动物栖息地）、native habitat（原生栖息地）；②（动植物的）生长环境——the habitat of the panda（大熊猫的栖息地）。辨析：habitat（栖息地，动物自然生长的地方）vs home（家）vs environment（环境，大范围）vs ecosystem（生态系统）。写作金句：To protect a species is to protect its habitat, for no creature can live where its home has disappeared（保护一个物种就是保护它的栖息地，因为家园消失之处没有生物能够生存）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语habitare"居住"（habere"拥有，保持"）→ 居住之地→ 栖息地。联想：hab"居住"→ habitat（居住地→栖息地）、inhabit（居住于）、inhabitant（居民）、habit（习惯→长期保持的行为）。记住：habit=居住，habitat即"常住之地"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：habitat还可表示"（人）惯常的环境，聚集地"，如the natural habitat of the artist（艺术家惯常活动的圈子）。此义较少见，阅读中注意。 【真题原句】 （2024新高考I卷·语法填空真题）"...the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England."（丝路古道把植物从它们在亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，最终成就了英国园艺的大部分丰富内涵。）（真题原句·habitat 栖息地） 【搭配词块】 a natural habitat 自然栖息地 / wildlife habitat 野生动物栖息地 / native habitat 原生栖息地 / the habitat of... …的栖息地 2. biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生物的，生物学的 【核心考点】 biological是说明文与科技类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①生物的，生物学的——biological diversity（生物多样性）、biological balance（生态平衡）、biological research（生物学研究）；②（血缘）亲生的——biological parents（亲生父母）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：biology n. 生物学；biologist n. 生物学家；biologically adv. 生物学地。辨析：biological（生物的，生物学的）vs organic（有机的）vs ecological（生态的）vs natural（自然的）。写作金句：Biological diversity is the library of life, and once a species is lost, the book can never be rewritten（生物多样性是生命的图书馆，一个物种一旦消失，这本书就再也无法重写）。 【词根联想】 希腊语bios"生命"+logos"学说"→ 研究生命的学说→ 生物的。联想：bio"生命"→ biological（生命的→生物的）、biology（生物学）、biography（传记→书写生命）、antibiotic（抗生素→抗生命的）。记住：bio=生命，biological即"关乎生命的"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：biological还可表示"（武器、战争）生物（战）的"，如biological weapons（生物武器）。此义出现于新闻类语篇，阅读中注意。 【真题原句】 （2022新高考I卷·语法填空真题）"The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones..."（大熊猫国家公园的设计遵循保护自然生态系统的真实性与完整性、保护生物多样性、保护生态缓冲区的指导原则……）（真题原句·biological 生物的） 【搭配词块】 biological diversity 生物多样性 / biological balance 生态平衡 / biological research 生物学研究 / biological parents 亲生父母 3. dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 戏剧性地；显著地 【核心考点】 dramatically是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频副词。用法要点：①显著地，急剧地——change dramatically（显著变化）、increase dramatically（急剧增加）、decrease dramatically（急剧减少）；②戏剧性地——The story ended dramatically。派生词是语法填空高频考点：dramatic adj. 显著的；戏剧性的→ a dramatic change（显著的变化）；drama n. 戏剧。辨析：dramatically（显著地，大幅地）vs significantly（显著地）vs sharply（急剧地）vs greatly（大大地）。写作金句：Small daily choices, repeated over years, can change a life dramatically（微小的日常选择，年复一年地重复，能显著地改变一生）。 【词根联想】 希腊语drama"行动，戏剧"（dran"做"）→ 像戏剧一样→ 戏剧性地。联想：dra"做"→ dramatic（戏剧性的→显著的）、drama（戏剧）、dramatist（剧作家）、dramatize（使戏剧化）。记住：drama=戏，dramatically即"像演戏一样夸张"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：dramatically意义稳定，无生义。注意dramatically常与increase/change/reduce等动词连用，表示"幅度大"，是阅读与写作的高频搭配。 【真题原句】 （2024年1月浙江卷·阅读D真题）"But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago..."（但当我们重塑了周围的世界，大幅降低了获取卡路里的成本与努力时，我们的大脑仍与几千年前一样……）（真题原句·dramatically 显著地） 【搭配词块】 change dramatically 显著变化 / increase dramatically 急剧增加 / dramatically reduce 大幅减少 / a dramatic change 显著的变化 4. invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒn/ n. 入侵，侵略 【核心考点】 invasion是新闻与历史类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①入侵，侵略——the invasion of...（…的入侵）、a military invasion（军事入侵）；②（有害生物的）侵入，大批涌入——the invasion of the rats（老鼠的入侵）、an invasion of privacy（侵犯隐私）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：invade v. 入侵；invader n. 入侵者；invasive adj. 侵入的→ invasive species（入侵物种）。辨析：invasion（入侵，侵入）vs attack（攻击）vs aggression（侵略，侵犯）vs intrusion（闯入，打扰）。写作金句：The invasion of a foreign species can be as destructive as the invasion of an army, for nature has no border guards（外来物种的入侵可以像军队入侵一样具有破坏性，因为自然界没有边防守卫）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语invadere"进入"（in-"进入"+vadere"走"）→ 强行走入→ 入侵。联想：vad"走"→ invasion（强行走入→入侵）、invade（入侵）、invader（入侵者）、evade（逃避→走开）、pervade（弥漫→走遍）。记住：in + vade = 闯进去。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：invasion还可表示"（人群的）涌入，蜂拥而至"，如the annual invasion of tourists（每年蜂拥而至的游客）。此义中invasion不带贬义，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"With no natural enemies on the island, the rodents soon spread across the whole island, and their invasion destroyed the nests of the seabirds."（岛上没有天敌，啮齿动物很快遍布全岛，它们的入侵摧毁了海鸟的巢穴。）（经典原句·invasion 入侵） 【搭配词块】 the invasion of... …的入侵 / a military invasion 军事入侵 / an invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私 / invasive species 入侵物种 5. collapse /kəˈlæps/ v./n. 崩溃，倒塌 【核心考点】 collapse是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①倒塌——The bridge collapsed in the flood；②崩溃，垮掉——The economy collapsed；The whole system collapsed；③（人）倒下——He collapsed from exhaustion。名词用法：崩溃，倒塌——ecosystem collapse（生态崩溃）、the collapse of the building（大楼倒塌）。辨析：collapse（崩溃，倒塌，突然且彻底）vs fall down（倒下）vs break down（出故障；崩溃）vs crash（（飞机等）坠毁；崩溃）。写作金句：An ecosystem may take thousands of years to build, but it can collapse in a single careless season（一个生态系统可能需要数千年建成，却可能在一个疏忽的季节里崩溃）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语collabi"一起倒下"（col-"共同"+labi"滑落"）→ 一起滑落→ 倒塌。联想：lapse"滑落"→ collapse（一起滑落→倒塌）、lapse（失误；流逝）、elapse（（时间）流逝）、relapse（复发→重新滑落）。记住：col + lapse = 一起滑下去。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：collapse还可作名词表示"（价格的）暴跌，（身体的）虚脱"，如the collapse of prices（物价暴跌）、suffer a collapse（虚脱）。此义出现于经济与健康类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"To control the rats, people later brought in cats, but the cats quickly began hunting the seabirds as well, and the island's ecology started to collapse."（为了控制老鼠，人们后来引进了猫，但猫很快也开始捕食海鸟，岛的生态开始崩溃。）（经典原句·collapse 崩溃） 【搭配词块】 ecosystem collapse 生态崩溃 / the collapse of... …的倒塌 / economic collapse 经济崩溃 / collapse from exhaustion 累倒 6. multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ v. 繁殖；成倍增加 【核心考点】 multiply是说明文与数学类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①繁殖——multiply quickly（迅速繁殖）——Rabbits multiply very fast；②成倍增加，增多——Our problems multiplied；③（数学）乘——multiply 3 by 5（3乘以5）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：multiplication n. 繁殖；乘法；multiple adj. 多重的。辨析：multiply（繁殖；倍增）vs increase（增加）vs grow（增长，生长）vs reproduce（繁殖，复制）。写作金句：Trouble multiplies when we ignore it, while courage multiplies when we share it（忽视时麻烦会倍增，分享时勇气会倍增）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语multiplicare"使多倍"（multus"多"+plicare"折叠"）→ 折叠多份→ 倍增。联想：multi"多"+ply"折叠"→ multiply（折成多份→倍增）、multiple（多重的）、multitude（众多）、complicated（复杂的→折叠在一起的）。记住：multi + ply = 折成多份。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：multiply还可表示"（使）大幅增加"，如Reading multiplies the joys of life（阅读使生活的乐趣倍增）。此义中multiply不指繁殖，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Rabbits that arrived even later multiplied so fast that they ate the native vegetation down to the roots."（更晚到达的兔子繁殖得飞快，把原生植被啃到只剩根部。）（经典原句·multiply 繁殖） 【搭配词块】 multiply quickly 迅速繁殖 / multiply by 乘以 / multiplication n. 繁殖；乘法 / multiple adj. 多重的 7. vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ n. 植被，植物 【核心考点】 vegetation是说明文与地理类语篇的高频名词（不可数）。用法要点：①植被，草木——native vegetation（原生植被）、dense vegetation（茂密的植被）、lush vegetation（繁茂的植被）；②（某地区的）植物总称——the vegetation of the island（岛上的植物）。辨析：vegetation（植被，植物总称，不可数）vs plant（植物，可数）vs vegetable（蔬菜）vs flora（植物群）。写作金句：Vegetation is the skin of the earth; strip it away, and the soil begins to bleed（植被是大地的皮肤；剥去它，土壤就开始流血）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语vegetare"使有活力"（vegere"有生气"）→ 有生气之物→ 植物。联想：veg"有生气"→ vegetation（生机勃勃→植被）、vegetable（蔬菜）、vigor（活力）、vigorous（精力充沛的）。记住：veg=生气，vegetation即"有生气的草木"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：vegetation意义稳定，无生义。注意vegetation为不可数名词，无复数形式，语法填空中注意搭配（如the loss of vegetation）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The rabbits ate the native vegetation down to the roots, and the loss of plants on the windy hills caused serious soil erosion."（兔子把原生植被啃到根部，多风山丘上植物的消失引发了严重的水土侵蚀。）（经典原句·vegetation 植被） 【搭配词块】 native vegetation 原生植被 / dense vegetation 茂密的植被 / lush vegetation 繁茂的植被 / the vegetation of... …的植物 8. erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ n. 侵蚀，腐蚀 【核心考点】 erosion是说明文与地理类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①侵蚀，腐蚀——soil erosion（水土流失）、coastal erosion（海岸侵蚀）、water erosion（水流侵蚀）；②（抽象）削弱，侵蚀——the erosion of trust（信任的削弱）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：erode v. 侵蚀；eroding adj. 侵蚀的。辨析：erosion（侵蚀，磨损）vs corrosion（腐蚀，锈蚀）vs weathering（风化）vs destruction（破坏）。写作金句：Soil erosion begins with the loss of one blade of grass, and trust erosion begins with one unkept promise（水土流失始于失去一根草，信任流失始于一个未兑现的诺言）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语erodere"啃掉"（e-"向外"+rodere"啃"）→ 啃蚀→ 侵蚀。联想：rod"啃"→ erosion（啃掉→侵蚀）、erode（侵蚀）、rodent（啮齿动物→会啃的）、corrode（腐蚀→共同啃掉）。记住：e + rose = 啃蚀而出。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：erosion还可表示"（信心、权利等的）逐步丧失，削弱"，如the erosion of public confidence（公众信心的逐步丧失）。此义较抽象，出现于议论文语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The loss of plants on the windy hills caused serious soil erosion, so that whole slopes slipped into the sea."（多风山丘上植被的消失引发了严重的水土侵蚀，整面山坡滑入海中。）（经典原句·erosion 侵蚀） 【搭配词块】 soil erosion 水土流失 / coastal erosion 海岸侵蚀 / the erosion of trust 信任的削弱 / erode v. 侵蚀 9. endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的 【核心考点】 endangered是说明文与环保类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①濒危的——endangered species（濒危物种）、an endangered animal（濒危动物）；②（生命等）受到威胁的。派生词是语法填空高频考点：endanger v. 危及→ endanger the lives（危及生命）；danger n. 危险→ be in danger of（处于…危险中）；dangerous adj. 危险的。辨析：endangered（濒危的，物种面临灭绝）vs dangerous（危险的）vs in danger（处于危险中）vs extinct（灭绝的）。写作金句：Every endangered species is a warning written in the language of nature, and we ignore it at our own peril（每一个濒危物种都是大自然用它的语言写下的警告，我们忽视它就会自食其果）。 【词根联想】 中古英语dangere"权力，危险"（拉丁语dominus"主人"）→ 处于主人控制下→ 危险。联想：danger"危险"→ endangered（处于危险中→濒危）、dangerous（危险的）、danger（危险）、dungeon（地牢→主人关押之处）。记住：en + danger = 陷入危险。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：endangered意义稳定，无生义。注意endangered species为固定搭配，语法填空中常考查endanger的过去分词作定语。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Within a few decades, many bird species had become endangered, and the island itself looked like a battlefield of hungry animals."（短短几十年，许多鸟类濒危，岛本身看上去就像一个饥饿动物的战场。）（经典原句·endangered 濒危的） 【搭配词块】 endangered species 濒危物种 / endanger the lives 危及生命 / be in danger of 处于…危险中 / dangerous adj. 危险的 10. mysterious /mɪˈstɪəriəs/ adj. 神秘的 【核心考点】 mysterious是记叙文与说明文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①神秘的，难以解释的——a mysterious place（神秘的地方）、mysterious sounds（神秘的声音）、a mysterious disappearance（神秘的失踪）；②神秘的，诡秘的（人）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：mystery n. 谜，神秘→ solve the mystery（解开谜团）；mysteriously adv. 神秘地。辨析：mysterious（神秘的，难以解释的）vs strange（奇怪的）vs puzzling（令人困惑的）vs secret（秘密的）。写作金句：Nature keeps many mysterious books on its shelves, and science is the light we read them by（大自然在书架上藏着许多神秘的书，科学是我们阅读它们的光）。 【词根联想】 希腊语mysterion"秘密仪式"（myein"闭眼，闭嘴"）→ 闭口不言之事→ 神秘。联想：my"闭口"→ mysterious（闭口不提→神秘的）、mystery（谜）、mystic（神秘的）、myth（神话→口口相传的故事）。记住：mystery=秘而不宣之事。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mysterious还可表示"（人）诡秘的，故弄玄虚的"，如a mysterious stranger（神秘的陌生人）。此义中mysterious带有人格化色彩，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"It was a mysterious and risky plan, and nobody could promise that it would succeed, yet the island slowly began to heal."（那是一个神秘而冒险的计划，没有人敢保证它会成功，然而岛慢慢开始愈合。）（经典原句·mysterious 神秘的） 【搭配词块】 a mysterious place 神秘的地方 / mysterious sounds 神秘的声音 / solve the mystery 解开谜团 / mysteriously adv. 神秘地 11. intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 干预，介入 【核心考点】 intervention是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①干预，介入——human intervention（人为干预）、government intervention（政府干预）、military intervention（军事干预）；②（为改善某事而进行的）干预行动。派生词是语法填空高频考点：intervene v. 干预→ intervene in（干预）；intervening adj. 介于中间的。辨析：intervention（干预，介入，正式）vs interference（干涉，干扰，多贬义）vs involvement（参与，卷入）vs participation（参加）。写作金句：Sometimes the wisest intervention is to do nothing and let nature heal itself, but knowing when is the hardest part（有时最明智的干预是什么都不做，让自然自我疗愈，但最难的是知道何时该做）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语intervenire"来到中间"（inter-"在…之间"+venire"来"）→ 来到中间→ 介入。联想：ven"来"→ intervention（来到中间→干预）、intervene（干预）、prevent（阻止→先来一步）、convention（大会→聚到一起）。记住：inter + vene = 插到中间来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：intervention还可表示"（医生为挽救生命的）治疗措施，手术"，如medical intervention（医疗干预）。此义出现于医学类语篇，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"After years of careful study, a large-scale intervention was carried out: planes spread poison over the island, and teams of hunters removed the remaining rats and rabbits one by one."（经过多年仔细研究，一场大规模的人为干预展开了：飞机向岛上撒播毒药，猎人队伍一只只清除残余的老鼠和兔子。）（经典原句·intervention 干预） 【搭配词块】 human intervention 人为干预 / government intervention 政府干预 / intervene in 干预 / medical intervention 医疗干预 12. prosper /ˈprɒspə(r)/ v. 繁荣，兴旺 【核心考点】 prosper是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词（不及物）。用法要点：①繁荣，兴旺——prosper and grow（繁荣发展）——The town prospered after the railway was built；②（人）成功，发达。派生词是语法填空高频考点：prosperous adj. 繁荣的→ a prosperous economy（繁荣的经济）；prosperity n. 繁荣→ economic prosperity（经济繁荣）。辨析：prosper（繁荣，兴旺，正式）vs flourish（繁荣，兴旺）vs thrive（兴旺，茁壮成长）vs boom（激增，繁荣）。写作金句：A community prospers not by taking more from nature, but by giving it time to recover（一个社区繁荣，不是靠向自然索取更多，而是给自然恢复的时间）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语prosperare"使成功"（pro-"向前"+sperare"希望"）→ 向希望前进→ 兴旺。联想：sper"希望"→ prosper（向希望前进→兴旺）、prosperity（繁荣）、prosperous（繁荣的）、desperate（绝望的→没有希望的）。记住：pro + sper = 朝希望走。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：prosper意义稳定，无生义。注意prosper为不及物动词，后不直接接宾语；prosper与prosperous/prosperity的转换是语法填空高频考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Today the island prospers once again, and its story reminds us that nature is delicate: every living thing is connected."（如今这座岛再次繁荣起来，它的故事提醒我们：自然是脆弱的，每一个生命都相互关联。）（经典原句·prosper 繁荣） 【搭配词块】 prosper and grow 繁荣发展 / prosperous adj. 繁荣的 / economic prosperity 经济繁荣 / a prosperous economy 繁荣的经济 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 habitat habitats (n.复数) inhabit (v.) inhabitant (n.) a natural habitat / native habitat biological biology (n.) biologist (n.) biologically (adv.) biological diversity / biology dramatically dramatic (adj.) drama (n.) dramatize (v.) change dramatically / a dramatic change invasion invade (v.) invader (n.) invasive (adj.) the invasion of / invasive species collapse collapsed (adj.) collapsing (adj.) --- ecosystem collapse / collapse under pressure multiply multiple (adj.) multiplication (n.) --- multiply quickly / multiply by vegetation vegetate (v.) --- --- native vegetation / dense vegetation erosion erode (v.) eroding (adj.) --- soil erosion / coastal erosion endangered endanger (v.) danger (n.) dangerous (adj.) endangered species / be in danger of mysterious mystery (n.) mysteriously (adv.) --- a mysterious place / solve the mystery intervention intervene (v.) intervening (adj.) --- human intervention / intervene in prosper prosperous (adj.) prosperity (n.) prosperously (adv.) prosper and grow / economic prosperity Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2024新高考I卷·语法填空·改编）The Silk Route brought the plants from their native ____________ (habitats) in Asia to England. 2.（2022新高考I卷·语法填空·改编）The GPNP is designed to preserve ____________ (biology) diversity. 3.（2024年1月浙江卷·阅读D·改编）We have reshaped the world, ____________ (dramatic) reducing the cost of obtaining calories. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The ____________ (invade) of the rats soon spread across the whole island. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The island's ecosystem was in danger of total ____________ (collapsible). 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The rabbits ____________ (multiplication) so quickly that they ate all the grass. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The loss of the native ____________ (vegetate) caused serious soil erosion. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）Soil ____________ (erode) became a serious problem on the windy hills. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Many seabird species were ____________ (danger) and needed immediate protection. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The ____________ (mystery) plan worried the scientists, but nobody had a better idea. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The removal of the rats was a large-scale human ____________ (intervene). 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）After years of recovery, the island began to ____________ (prosperity) once again. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The seabirds returned to their natural ____________ (habitats) after years of recovery. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The number of rats on the island ____________ (collapse) after the poison was spread. 15.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The island now ____________ (prosperity) as a home for thousands of seabirds. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 麦夸里岛曾是天赐海鸟的____________（栖息地），____________（生物的）平衡简单稳定。19世纪水手带来老鼠，一切____________（显著地）改变：鼠患____________（入侵）全岛，偷吃鸟蛋。 人们引猫灭鼠，猫却捕食海鸟，生态开始____________（崩溃）；兔子____________（繁殖）飞快，吃光原生____________（植被），引发严重水土____________（侵蚀），海鸟沦为____________（濒危的）。科学家实施大规模人为____________（干预），那是一个____________（神秘的）计划；多年后岛屿恢复____________（繁荣）。 Part 7 关联阅读 Macquarie Island, a small green island in the Southern Ocean, sits roughly halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica. For centuries it was a perfect habitat for millions of seabirds, penguins and seals, and because the island had no large land animals at all, its biological balance remained simple and stable. Then, in the nineteenth century, sailors brought rats and mice ashore by accident, and everything changed dramatically. With no natural enemies on the island, the rodents spread across the whole island within a few years, and their invasion destroyed the seabirds' nests, whose eggs had never been threatened before. The island's rocky shores and green hills had been a noisy city of birds. To control the rats, people later brought in cats, but the cats quickly began hunting the seabirds as well, and the island's ecology started to collapse. Rabbits that arrived even later multiplied so fast that they ate the native vegetation down to the roots, and the loss of plants on the windy hills caused serious soil erosion, so that whole slopes slipped into the sea. Within a few decades, many bird species had become endangered, and the island itself looked like a battlefield of hungry animals fighting over the last of the food. Every attempt to fix one problem seemed to create another. Scientists finally realised that no single measure would ever work. After years of careful study, a large-scale intervention was carried out: planes spread poison over the island, and teams of hunters removed the remaining rats and rabbits one by one. It was a mysterious and risky plan, and nobody could promise that it would succeed. Years later, however, the island began to recover. The vegetation grew back, the soil stayed in place, and the seabirds returned in great numbers. Today the island prospers once again, and its story reminds us that nature is delicate: every living thing is connected, and one careless step can shake the whole web of life. Protecting a place means understanding it, and understanding takes patience. It is a lesson that speaks to every corner of the earth. 1. What was the island like before the nineteenth century? A. It was a peaceful home for millions of seabirds. B. It was covered with large forests. C. It had many dangerous land animals. D. It was completely uninhabited by animals. 2. Why did the cats make the problem worse? A. They ate the rats very slowly. B. They began hunting the seabirds too. C. They brought more rats to the island. D. They destroyed the native plants. 3. What did the scientists do to save the island? A. They built fences around the island. B. They moved the seabirds to another island. C. They carried out a large-scale intervention. D. They fed the seabirds with special food. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Seabirds are the most important animals on earth. B. Islands should never be visited by tourists. C. Cats and rabbits are the worst enemies of nature. D. Nature is delicate, and every living thing is connected. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：habitat, biological, dramatically, invasion, collapse, multiply, vegetation, erosion, endangered, mysterious, intervention, prosper Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The forest is the natural home of many rare animals. → The forest is the natural ____________ of many rare animals. 2. The study of life forms has made great progress in recent years. → ____________ research has made great progress in recent years. 3. The number of visitors has increased greatly in the past year. → The number of visitors has increased ____________ in the past year. 4. The arrival of foreign plants changed the local environment. → The ____________ of foreign plants changed the local environment. 5. The old building fell down suddenly during the storm. → The old building ____________ during the storm. 6. The number of rabbits increased very quickly on the island. → The rabbits ____________ very quickly on the island. 7. The hills were covered with green plants and flowers. → The hills were covered with native ____________ and flowers. 8. The wind and rain slowly wore away the surface of the rocks. → The wind and rain caused serious ____________ of the rocks. 9. The giant panda is a species that is in danger of dying out. → The giant panda is an ____________ species. 10. The old temple has a strange and unknown history. → The old temple has a ____________ history. 11. Without human help and involvement, the island could not have recovered. → Without human ____________, the island could not have recovered. 12. The small town grew and became rich after the new road was built. → The small town began to ____________ after the new road was built. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：habitat → biological → dramatically → invasion → collapse → multiply → vegetation → erosion → endangered → mysterious → intervention → prosper 复述模板（填空）： 麦夸里岛是海鸟的____________（栖息地），____________（生物的）平衡稳定；鼠患____________（入侵）后一切____________（显著地）改变：生态____________（崩溃）、兔子____________（繁殖）、植被被吃光、水土____________（侵蚀）、海鸟____________（濒危的）。 科学家实施____________（神秘的）人为____________（干预），多年后岛屿恢复____________（繁荣）。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $