专题04 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统整合选修二Unit 4及高考高频的12个核心词汇，以埃博拉疫情语篇为语境载体，通过知识点列表、词根拆解、词性变化总表构建词汇含义、搭配及考点网络，引导学生在真实情境中自主梳理词形、词义及用法逻辑，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于融合核心素养的自主学习设计，包含语境复现语法填空、知识点默写、关联阅读及记忆链复述自我检测等活动，培养语言能力与学习能力。如“语境串联复盘”通过填空模板引导学生用目标词复述语篇，助力自主诊断词汇掌握情况，教师可依据练习反馈实施个性化指导，有效支持因材施教。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：boundary / tackle / combat / relieve / outbreak / mutual / devotion / collaborate / endure / compensate / realistic / harmonious （知识点来源：选修二 Unit 4 · Breaking boundaries + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 When the Ebola outbreak struck West Africa in 2014, doctors from every corner of the world crossed national boundaries to offer help. Among them was a young Chinese doctor named Chen Wei, who had just finished her training in tropical medicine. The situation she met was far more serious than she had expected. To tackle the disease, the team had to combat not only the virus but also the fear and misunderstanding among the local people. Day and night, nurses worked in turns to relieve the pain of the patients, and every piece of protective clothing was used with great care. In the crowded clinic, Chen Wei was deeply moved by the mutual trust between the medical staff and the villagers. The local helpers showed great devotion to the patients, and the international team members were happy to collaborate with them at every step. The doctors had to endure the heat, the rain and the long working hours, but no one complained. When the hospital was short of medicine, Chen Wei spent her own savings to compensate for the loss, believing that a realistic plan was better than empty promises. At last, the epidemic was brought under control, and a harmonious relationship had been built between people of different countries. 【中文译文】 2014年埃博拉疫情（outbreak）在西非爆发时，来自世界各地的医生跨越国界（boundary）伸出援手。其中有一位刚完成热带医学培训的中国年轻医生陈薇。她面对的形势远比想象中严峻。要处理（tackle）这种疾病，团队不仅要对抗（combat）病毒，还要对抗当地人的恐惧与误解。医护人员日夜轮班，缓解（relieve）病人的痛苦，每一件防护服都倍加珍惜。 在拥挤的诊所里，陈薇深深感动于医护人员与村民之间的相互（mutual）信任。当地助手对病人表现出极大的奉献（devotion），国际团队成员也乐于随时与他们合作（collaborate）。医生们必须忍受（endure）酷热、雨水和长时间工作，但没有人抱怨。医院药品短缺时，陈薇用自己的积蓄弥补（compensate）损失，她相信现实的（realistic）计划胜过空洞的承诺。最终疫情得到控制，不同国家的人们之间建立起和谐（harmonious）的关系。 Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 boundary /ˈbaʊndri/ n. 边界，界限 ⚡考点：break down boundaries 打破界限；cross the boundary 跨越边界；establish clear boundaries 建立明确界限 2 tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 处理，解决；阻截 ⚡考点：tackle the problem 处理问题；tackle the disease 对付疾病；tackle climate change 应对气候变化 3 combat /ˈkɒmbæt/ v./n. 战斗，对抗 ⚡考点：combat the virus 对抗病毒；combat climate change 对抗气候变化；in combat with 与…作战 4 relieve /rɪˈliːv/ v. 缓解，减轻；解除 ⚡考点：relieve pain 缓解疼痛；relieve sb. of 解除某人的…；relief n. 缓解 5 outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/ n. 爆发 ⚡考点：the outbreak of the disease 疾病的爆发；the Ebola outbreak 埃博拉疫情；break out 爆发 6 mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj. 相互的，彼此的 ⚡考点：mutual trust 相互信任；mutual understanding 相互理解；mutually adv. 相互地 7 devotion /dɪˈvəʊʃn/ n. 奉献，忠诚 ⚡考点：devotion to 对…的奉献；devote oneself to 献身于；devoted adj. 忠诚的 8 collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ v. 合作，协作 ⚡考点：collaborate with 与…合作；collaboration n. 合作；collaborative adj. 协作的 9 endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ v. 忍受，忍耐 ⚡考点：endure pain 忍受痛苦；endure hardship 忍受艰难；endurance n. 忍耐力 10 compensate /ˈkɒmpenseɪt/ v. 补偿，弥补 ⚡考点：compensate for 弥补；compensate sb. for sth. 因某事补偿某人；compensation n. 补偿 11 realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 现实的，实际的 ⚡考点：a realistic plan 现实的计划；be realistic about 对…持现实态度；reality n. 现实 12 harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ adj. 和谐的，和睦的 ⚡考点：a harmonious society 和谐社会；harmonious relationship 和谐的关系；harmony n. 和谐 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. boundary /ˈbaʊndri/ n. 边界，界限 【核心考点】 boundary是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①边界，界限——break down boundaries（打破界限）、cross the boundary（跨越边界）、establish clear boundaries（建立明确界限）；②（学科、领域的）界限——the boundaries of science（科学的边界）。辨析：boundary（边界，界限，强调分界）vs border（国界，边境）vs frontier（边疆；前沿）vs limit（限度，极限）。写作金句：True progress begins when we break down the boundaries between different cultures and learn from one another（真正的进步始于打破不同文化之间的界限并相互学习）。 【词根联想】 中世纪英语bounder"边界"（boun"界限"→法语borne"界碑"）→ 边界。联想：bound"边界"→ boundary（边界）、bounds（界限，范围）、boundless（无边无际的）、bounce（弹跳→越过边界弹回）。记住：bound=界，boundary即"分界线"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：boundary还可表示"（抽象事物的）界限，范围"，如push the boundaries of science（拓展科学的边界）。此义常见于科技类语篇，阅读中注意搭配。 【真题原句】 （2024北京卷·语法填空真题）"To practise this, we need to establish clear boundaries in our personal and professional life."（为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。）（真题原句·boundary 界限） 【搭配词块】 break down boundaries 打破界限 / cross the boundary 跨越边界 / establish clear boundaries 建立明确界限 / push the boundaries of 拓展…的边界 2. tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 处理，解决；阻截 【核心考点】 tackle是新闻与议论文类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①处理，解决（难题）——tackle the problem（处理问题）、tackle the disease（对付疾病）、tackle climate change（应对气候变化）；②（足球等）阻截，铲球。辨析：tackle（处理棘手难题，较正式）vs deal with（处理）vs handle（处理，操控）vs solve（解决）。写作金句：The first step to tackle any difficulty is to admit that it exists and face it with courage（处理任何困难的第一步是承认它的存在并勇敢面对）。 【词根联想】 中古荷兰语tackel"船具，绳索"→ 抓住→ 处理。联想：tack"钉子；行动"→ tackle（抓住问题→处理）、tack（大头钉；行动方针）、attack（进攻→向前扑）、attach（附上→钉上去）。记住：tackle即"抓住难题不放"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tackle还可作名词表示"（美式橄榄球）擒抱；用具"，如fishing tackle（钓鱼用具）。此义中tackle为名词，与"处理"义不同。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"To tackle the disease, the team had to win the trust of local communities first, because medicine alone was never enough."（要处理这种疾病，团队必须先赢得当地社区的信任，因为单靠药物永远不够。）（经典原句·tackle 处理） 【搭配词块】 tackle the problem 处理问题 / tackle the disease 对付疾病 / tackle climate change 应对气候变化 / fishing tackle 钓鱼用具 3. combat /ˈkɒmbæt/ v./n. 战斗，对抗 【核心考点】 combat是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：对抗，打击——combat the virus（对抗病毒）、combat climate change（对抗气候变化）、combat crime（打击犯罪）。名词用法：战斗，对抗——in combat with（与…作战）、a combat against（对…的战斗）。派生词：combative adj. 好战的；combatant n. 战斗人员。辨析：combat（对抗，斗争，较正式）vs fight（战斗，最普通）vs battle（作战，战斗）vs struggle（挣扎，奋斗）。写作金句：To combat fear, we must first understand it; to combat disease, we must first respect it（要对抗恐惧，我们必须先理解它；要对抗疾病，我们必须先尊重它）。 【词根联想】 法语combattre"战斗"（com-"共同"+battre"打"）→ 相互打击→ 战斗。联想：bat"打"→ combat（共同打→战斗）、battle（战斗）、battery（电池→连续打击）、debate（辩论→相互打嘴仗）。记住：com + bat = 打在一起。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：combat作名词还可表示"（事物的）斗争，较量"，如the combat between good and evil（善恶之争）。此义较抽象，常见于文学与新闻语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The nurses had to combat not only the virus but also the fear and misunderstanding among the local people."（护士们不仅要对抗病毒，还要对抗当地人的恐惧与误解。）（经典原句·combat 对抗） 【搭配词块】 combat the virus 对抗病毒 / combat climate change 对抗气候变化 / combat crime 打击犯罪 / in combat with 与…作战 4. relieve /rɪˈliːv/ v. 缓解，减轻；解除 【核心考点】 relieve是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①缓解，减轻——relieve pain（缓解疼痛）、relieve stress（缓解压力）、relieve the pressure（减轻压力）；②解除，接替——relieve sb. of his duty（解除某人的职务）、relieve the night shift（接替夜班）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：relief n. 缓解；宽慰→ to one's relief（令某人宽慰的是）；relieved adj. 宽慰的。辨析：relieve（缓解，减轻）vs release（释放）vs ease（减轻，放松）vs reduce（减少）。写作金句：A kind word can relieve more pain than the strongest medicine（一句善意的话能缓解的痛苦比最有效的药还多）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语relevare"减轻"（re-"再次"+levare"举起"）→ 再次举起→ 减轻负担。联想：lev"举起"→ relieve（减轻→举起重担）、relief（缓解）、elevate（提升→举高）、lever（杠杆→举起工具）、level（水平→被举起的高度）。记住：re + lieve = 把重担再次举起。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：relieve还可表示"接替，换班"，如relieve the guard（换岗）。此义常见于军事与服务行业语篇，阅读中注意上下文。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Every morning, nurses lined up to relieve the tired night shift, and no patient was ever left unattended."（每天早晨，护士们排队接替疲惫的夜班，从不让任何病人无人照料。）（经典原句·relieve 接替；缓解） 【搭配词块】 relieve pain 缓解疼痛 / relieve stress 缓解压力 / to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是 / relieve the night shift 接替夜班 5. outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/ n. 爆发 【核心考点】 outbreak是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①（战争、疾病、暴力等的）爆发——the outbreak of the disease（疾病的爆发）、the Ebola outbreak（埃博拉疫情）、the outbreak of war（战争的爆发）；②an outbreak of flu（流感爆发）。对应动词短语：break out（爆发）——The fire broke out suddenly。辨析：outbreak（爆发，突发）vs eruption（（火山）喷发；（冲突）爆发）vs explosion（爆炸；激增）vs burst（迸发）。写作金句：The outbreak of a disease can be sudden, but the cure for fear lies in unity and science（疾病可能突然爆发，但恐惧的解药在于团结与科学）。 【词根联想】 中古英语outbreak（out"向外"+break"破裂"）→ 向外破裂→ 爆发。联想：out"向外"+ break"破裂"→ outbreak（爆发）、outburst（爆发，迸发）、breakthrough（突破）、breakdown（崩溃；故障）。记住：out + break = 向外炸开。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：outbreak意义稳定，无生义。注意区分outbreak（名词，爆发）与break out（动词短语，爆发），语法填空常考名词形式。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"It was 2014, and the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone had already claimed thousands of lives before the world woke up."（那是2014年，塞拉利昂的埃博拉疫情在世界醒悟之前已经夺走了数千条生命。）（经典原句·outbreak 爆发） 【搭配词块】 the outbreak of the disease 疾病的爆发 / the Ebola outbreak 埃博拉疫情 / the outbreak of war 战争的爆发 / break out 爆发 6. mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj. 相互的，彼此的 【核心考点】 mutual是说明文与议论文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①相互的，彼此的——mutual trust（相互信任）、mutual understanding（相互理解）、mutual respect（相互尊重）；②共同的——mutual friends（共同的朋友）、a mutual interest（共同的兴趣）。派生词：mutually adv. 相互地——mutually beneficial（互利共赢的）。辨析：mutual（相互的；共同的）vs common（共同的，普遍的）vs joint（联合的，共同的）vs shared（共享的）。写作金句：Trust is not given; it is built on mutual respect and shared effort（信任不是给予的，而是建立在相互尊重与共同努力之上）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语mutuus"互换的"（mutare"交换"）→ 互换的→ 相互的。联想：mut"交换"→ mutual（互换→相互）、mutate（突变→交换基因）、mutation（变异）、commute（通勤→交换地点）。记住：mut=换，mutual即"你换给我我换给你"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mutual还可表示"（两个人）共同的，共有的"，如a mutual friend（共同的朋友）。此义中mutual强调双方共有，阅读中注意。 【真题原句】 （2022全国卷·完形真题）"They simply 48 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard."（他们只是希望获得相互的认可与尊重。）（真题原句·mutual 相互的） 【搭配词块】 mutual trust 相互信任 / mutual understanding 相互理解 / mutual respect 相互尊重 / mutually beneficial 互利共赢的 7. devotion /dɪˈvəʊʃn/ n. 奉献，忠诚 【核心考点】 devotion是人物与记叙文类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①奉献，忠诚——devotion to（对…的奉献）——her devotion to her patients（她对病人的奉献）；②热爱，专心——devotion to duty（忠于职守）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：devote v. 奉献→ devote oneself to（献身于）；devoted adj. 忠诚的，挚爱的→ be devoted to（致力于）。辨析：devotion（奉献，忠诚）vs dedication（献身，奉献）vs commitment（承诺，投入）vs loyalty（忠诚）。写作金句：Great achievements are built not on talent alone, but on years of quiet devotion to one's work（伟大的成就不仅靠天赋，更靠多年对工作默默的奉献）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语devovere"发誓献出"（de-"完全"+vovere"发誓"）→ 完全发誓献出→ 奉献。联想：vow"誓言"→ devotion（发誓献出→奉献）、devote（献身）、devout（虔诚的）、vote（投票→发誓表态）。记住：de + vote = 发誓献出。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：devotion还可表示"（宗教）虔诚，礼拜"，如a life of prayer and devotion（祈祷与虔诚的生活）。此义出现于宗教类语篇，阅读中注意。 【真题原句】 （2024全国甲卷·语法填空真题）"It is the devotion of scientists like Yuan Longping that has ensured China's food security."（正是像袁隆平这样的科学家的奉献，才保障了中国的粮食安全。）（真题原句·devotion 奉献） 【搭配词块】 devotion to 对…的奉献 / devote oneself to 献身于 / be devoted to 致力于 / a devoted father 挚爱的父亲 8. collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ v. 合作，协作 【核心考点】 collaborate是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①合作，协作——collaborate with sb. on sth.（与某人在某事上合作）——The two teams collaborated on the research；②（与敌方）勾结（贬义）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：collaboration n. 合作→ in collaboration with（与…合作）；collaborative adj. 协作的→ collaborative learning（合作学习）。辨析：collaborate（合作，协作，正式）vs cooperate（合作，配合）vs work together（一起工作）vs team up（组队合作）。写作金句：No doctor can fight a disease alone; the world heals fastest when nations collaborate（没有哪位医生能独自战胜疾病；当各国合作时，世界康复得最快）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语collaborare"共同劳动"（col-"共同"+laborare"劳动"）→ 共同劳动→ 合作。联想：labor"劳动"→ collaborate（共同劳动→合作）、collaboration（合作）、laboratory（实验室→劳动场所）、elaborate（精心制作→费力完成）。记住：col + labor = 一起干活。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：collaborate还可表示"（贬）勾结，通敌"，如collaborate with the enemy（与敌人勾结）。此义出现于历史类语篇，注意褒贬语境。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Li and her colleagues collaborated across cultures and languages, translating every instruction and sharing every lesson."（李和同事们跨越文化与语言合作，翻译每一条指令，分享每一个经验。）（经典原句·collaborate 合作） 【搭配词块】 collaborate with 与…合作 / in collaboration with 与…合作 / collaborative learning 合作学习 / collaboration n. 合作 9. endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ v. 忍受，忍耐 【核心考点】 endure是记叙文与说明文类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①忍受，忍耐——endure pain（忍受疼痛）、endure hardship（忍受艰难）、endure heat（忍受酷热）；②持续，持久——The tradition has endured for centuries（这一传统延续了几个世纪）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：endurance n. 忍耐力，耐力→ beyond endurance（忍无可忍）；enduring adj. 持久的。辨析：endure（忍受，忍耐，较正式且持久）vs bear（忍受，承担）vs stand（忍受，容忍）vs tolerate（容忍，宽容）。写作金句：Those who endure the longest nights are the first to see the dawn（忍受最漫长黑夜的人最先看到黎明）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语indurare"使坚硬"（in-"使"+durare"变硬"）→ 变硬→ 忍耐。联想：dur"硬；持久"→ endure（变硬→忍耐）、endurance（耐力）、durable（耐用的）、duration（持续时间）、during（在…期间）。记住：dur=持久，endure即"硬挺到底"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：endure还可表示"（事物）持续存在，经久不衰"，如a friendship that endures（持久的友谊）。此义中endure作不及物动词，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The doctors had to endure the heat, the rain and the long working hours, but no one complained about the conditions."（医生们必须忍受酷热、雨水和长时间工作，但没有人抱怨条件艰苦。）（经典原句·endure 忍受） 【搭配词块】 endure pain 忍受疼痛 / endure hardship 忍受艰难 / beyond endurance 忍无可忍 / enduring friendship 持久的友谊 10. compensate /ˈkɒmpenseɪt/ v. 补偿，弥补 【核心考点】 compensate是新闻与议论文类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①补偿，弥补——compensate for（弥补）——Hard work can compensate for lack of talent；②赔偿——compensate sb. for sth.（因某事赔偿某人）——The company compensated the workers for their loss。派生词是语法填空高频考点：compensation n. 补偿，赔偿金；compensatory adj. 补偿的。辨析：compensate（补偿，弥补）vs make up for（弥补）vs reward（报答，奖赏）vs repay（偿还，报答）。写作金句：No salary can compensate for the loss of a loved one, but shared sorrow makes it easier to bear（任何薪水都无法弥补失去亲人的痛苦，但共同的悲伤使它更容易承受）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语compensare"平衡"（com-"共同"+pensare"称重"）→ 称重平衡→ 补偿。联想：pens"称重；付钱"→ compensate（称重平衡→补偿）、compensation（补偿金）、expense（花费）、pension（养老金）、dispense（分发）。记住：com + pense = 重新称平。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：compensate还可表示"（使）抵消"，如Nothing can compensate for the loss of time（没有什么能弥补时间的损失）。此义中compensate for后接抽象名词，阅读中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Nothing could compensate for the time she had missed with her family, but the memory of the village dancing in the street came close."（没有什么能弥补她错过的与家人团聚的时光，但村民们在街上跳舞的记忆差可相比。）（经典原句·compensate 弥补） 【搭配词块】 compensate for 弥补 / compensate sb. for sth. 因某事赔偿某人 / compensation n. 补偿金 / compensatory adj. 补偿的 11. realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 现实的，实际的 【核心考点】 realistic是议论文与说明文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①现实的，实际的——a realistic plan（现实的计划）、be realistic about（对…持现实态度）——Be realistic about your goals；②逼真的——a realistic painting（逼真的画）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：reality n. 现实→ in reality（实际上）；realist n. 现实主义者；realistically adv. 现实地；unrealistic adj. 不切实际的。辨析：realistic（现实的，实际的）vs practical（实用的，务实的）vs sensible（明智的）vs idealistic（理想主义的，反义）。写作金句：A realistic dream is a plan with wings; an unrealistic one is a cloud without rain（现实的梦想是有翅膀的计划；不切实际的梦想是不下雨的云）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语realis"真实的"（res"事物"）→ 与事物相符的→ 现实的。联想：real"真实"→ realistic（符合真实的→现实的）、reality（现实）、realize（实现→使成真）、realism（现实主义）。记住：real + istic = 基于现实的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：realistic还可表示"（艺术作品）写实的，逼真的"，如a realistic portrait（逼真的肖像）。此义出现于艺术类语篇，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She knew the fight was not over, because a realistic doctor understands that such diseases will return again and again."（她知道战斗尚未结束，因为现实的医生明白这类疾病会一次又一次卷土重来。）（经典原句·realistic 现实的） 【搭配词块】 a realistic plan 现实的计划 / be realistic about 对…持现实态度 / in reality 实际上 / unrealistic adj. 不切实际的 12. harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ adj. 和谐的，和睦的 【核心考点】 harmonious是说明文与议论文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①和谐的，和睦的——a harmonious society（和谐社会）、harmonious relationship（和谐的关系）、a harmonious atmosphere（和谐的氛围）；②协调的，悦耳的——harmonious sounds（和谐的声音）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：harmony n. 和谐→ live in harmony with（与…和谐相处）；harmonize v. 使协调；harmoniously adv. 和谐地。辨析：harmonious（和谐的，和睦的）vs peaceful（和平的，安宁的）vs friendly（友好的）vs balanced（平衡的）。写作金句：A harmonious world is not one without differences, but one where differences learn to live side by side（和谐的世界不是没有差异，而是差异学会共存的世界）。 【词根联想】 希腊语harmonia"和谐"（harmos"接缝，关节"）→ 各部件吻合→ 和谐。联想：harm"接合"→ harmonious（接合良好→和谐）、harmony（和谐）、harmonic（和声的）、harmonize（使和谐）。记住：harm=接合，harmonious即"严丝合缝"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：harmonious还可表示"（音乐）悦耳的，和声的"，如harmonious melodies（悦耳的旋律）。此义出现于艺术类语篇，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"At last, the epidemic was brought under control, and a harmonious relationship had been built between people of different countries."（最终疫情得到控制，不同国家的人们之间建立起和谐的关系。）（经典原句·harmonious 和谐的） 【搭配词块】 a harmonious society 和谐社会 / harmonious relationship 和谐的关系 / live in harmony with 与…和谐相处 / harmony n. 和谐 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 boundary bounds (n.) boundless (adj.) --- break down boundaries / cross the boundary tackle --- --- --- tackle the problem / fishing tackle combat combative (adj.) combatant (n.) --- combat the virus / in combat with relieve relief (n.) relieved (adj.) relieving (adj.) relieve pain / to one's relief outbreak break out (v.) --- --- the outbreak of the disease / break out mutual mutually (adv.) --- --- mutual trust / mutually beneficial devotion devote (v.) devoted (adj.) devotedly (adv.) devotion to / devote oneself to collaborate collaboration (n.) collaborative (adj.) collaborator (n.) collaborate with / in collaboration with endure endurance (n.) enduring (adj.) endurable (adj.) endure hardship / beyond endurance compensate compensation (n.) compensatory (adj.) --- compensate for / compensation realistic reality (n.) realist (n.) realistically (adv.) a realistic plan / in reality harmonious harmony (n.) harmonize (v.) harmoniously (adv.) a harmonious society / live in harmony with Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2024北京卷·语法填空·改编）To practise this, we need to establish clear ____________ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 2.（2022全国卷·完形·改编）They simply expected mutual ____________ (recognise) and regard. 3.（2024全国甲卷·语法填空·改编）It is the ____________ (devote) of scientists like Yuan Longping that has ensured China's food security. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The doctors worked day and night to ____________ (relief) the pain of the patients. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The ____________ (break) of the disease caused panic across the whole region. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The two countries reached an agreement based on mutual ____________ (trusting). 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The doctors ____________ (collaboration) with local helpers to fight the disease. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The team had to ____________ (endurance) long hours of hard work. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Nothing can ____________ (compensation) for the loss of those brave nurses. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）It is not ____________ (realism) to expect the disease to disappear overnight. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）A ____________ (harmony) relationship was built between the doctors and the villagers. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The ____________ (combat) spirit of the nurses inspired everyone in the clinic. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）____________ (tackle) this difficult task required great patience and courage. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The patient's ____________ (endure) impressed every nurse in the ward. 15.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The ____________ (relieve) on the doctor's face told us the good news. 【答案】 1. boundaries 2. recognition 3. devotion 4. relieve 5. outbreak 6. trust 7. collaborated 8. endure 9. compensate 10. realistic 11. harmonious 12. combative 13. Tackling 14. endurance 15. relief 【逐题解析】 1. boundaries — 提示词boundary为单数，clear后须用复数，establish clear boundaries意为"建立明确界限"。 2. recognition — 提示词recognise为动词，mutual后须用名词，mutual recognition意为"相互认可"。 3. devotion — 提示词devote为动词，定冠词the后须用名词，the devotion of scientists意为"科学家们的奉献"。 4. relieve — 提示词relief为名词，不定式to后须用动词原形，relieve the pain意为"缓解疼痛"。 5. outbreak — 提示词break为动词，定冠词the后须用名词，the outbreak of the disease意为"疾病的爆发"。 6. trust — 提示词trusting为形容词，mutual后须用名词，mutual trust意为"相互信任"。 7. collaborated — 提示词collaboration为名词，本句缺谓语，用一般过去时collaborated。 8. endure — 提示词endurance为名词，had to后须用动词原形，endure long hours意为"忍受长时间"。 9. compensate — 提示词compensation为名词，can后须用动词原形，compensate for意为"弥补"。 10. realistic — 提示词realism为名词，be not后须用形容词作表语，realistic意为"现实的"。 11. harmonious — 提示词harmony为名词，修饰relationship须用形容词，harmonious意为"和谐的"。 12. combative — 提示词combat为名词/动词，修饰spirit须用形容词，combative spirit意为"战斗精神"。 13. Tackling — 提示词tackle为动词，作主语须用动名词，句首大写，Tackling意为"处理"。 14. endurance — 提示词endure为动词，名词所有格后须用名词，endurance意为"忍耐力"。 15. relief — 提示词relieve为动词，定冠词the后须用名词，relief意为"宽慰"。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 2014年埃博拉疫情____________（爆发）时，中国医生陈薇跨越国____________（边界）驰援西非。要____________（处理）疾病，团队需____________（对抗）病毒与恐惧；护士日夜轮班____________（缓解）疼痛，当地人与国际医护建立____________（相互的）信任。 当地助手对病人充满____________（奉献），国际团队与之____________（合作），大家____________（忍受）酷热与疲劳；药品短缺时陈薇自费____________（弥补）损失，她相信____________（现实的）计划胜过空话，最终疫情受控，不同国家的人建立起____________（和谐的）关系。 【答案】 outbreak; boundary; tackle; combat; relieve; mutual; devotion; collaborate; endure; compensate; realistic; harmonious Part 7 关联阅读 When Dr Li volunteered for a medical team heading to West Africa, she crossed more than a physical boundary. It was 2014, and the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone had already claimed thousands of lives. Her parents begged her to stay home, and even her colleagues warned that the work was too dangerous. But Li had spent two years training for exactly this moment. She knew that to tackle the disease, the team first had to win the trust of local communities, and that meant learning to combat fear with patience and respect. The clinic where she worked had been a school before the outbreak. Every morning, nurses lined up to relieve the tired night shift, and every evening the doctors shared the day's news over a simple dinner. Li was deeply impressed by the mutual trust between the international staff and the local helpers. Neither side complained about the long hours, because both understood that the disease did not care where you came from. Slowly, the number of new patients began to fall, and the whole team allowed themselves a cautious smile. What kept them going was not glory but devotion. Li and her colleagues collaborated across cultures and languages, translating every instruction and sharing every lesson they learned. They endured heat, rain and exhaustion, yet no one asked to leave early. When a young nurse fell ill, the entire team worked round the clock to save her, and the village chief personally thanked the foreigners who had come so far. Li realised that in the middle of a crisis, the line between helper and helped disappears completely. Months later, when the last patient walked out of the clinic, Li thought of home. Nothing could compensate for the time she had missed with her family, but the memory of the village dancing in the street came close. She knew the fight was not over; a realistic doctor understands that such diseases will return. Still, she also knew that a harmonious world is built by ordinary people who refuse to look away. "We did not save a country," she wrote in her diary. "We saved each other." 1. What can we learn about Dr Li from the first paragraph? A. Her parents tried to stop her from going to Africa. B. She had never treated an Ebola patient before. C. She went to Africa for higher pay. D. The outbreak had already ended before she arrived. 2. What can we infer about the working atmosphere in the clinic? A. The staff complained about the long working hours. B. International and local workers trusted each other. C. The doctors refused to share their experience. D. The nurses were afraid of the local helpers. 3. What made the team keep going according to paragraph 3? A. The high pay they received from the government. B. The fear of being punished by the local people. C. The devotion to saving lives across cultures. D. The hope of becoming famous in their country. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Doctors should be rewarded for working abroad. B. Ebola can be beaten only with the newest equipment. C. International aid workers deserve more attention. D. Crossing boundaries with devotion can save and unite people. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段明确交代——"Her parents begged her to stay home"，父母恳求她留在家中，与A项Her parents tried to stop her from going to Africa对应，故选A。B项"从未治疗过埃博拉患者"、C项"为高薪而去"、D项"疫情已结束"均与原文不符。 第2题（推理判断题·高考核心）：第二段是解题句——"Li was deeply impressed by the mutual trust between the international staff and the local helpers"，国际医护与当地助手之间的相互信任令她印象深刻，可推知B项International and local workers trusted each other，故选B。A项"抱怨工作时间长"与原文"Neither side complained"相悖；C、D项无依据。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第三段首句点明——"What kept them going was not glory but devotion"，支撑团队前行的是奉献而非荣耀，与C项The devotion to saving lives across cultures吻合，故选C。A项"政府高薪"、B项"怕被惩罚"、D项"渴望出名"均与原文相悖。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文以医生跨界抗疫为主线：从跨越地域边界、赢得信任、团队奉献到"我们拯救了彼此"，末段点明主旨——由普通人不肯袖手旁观而建成的和谐世界，与D项Crossing boundaries with devotion can save and unite people吻合，故选D。A、B、C项均以偏概全或偏离主题。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：boundary, tackle, combat, relieve, outbreak, mutual, devotion, collaborate, endure, compensate, realistic, harmonious Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The two countries agreed to break the limits between their markets. → The two countries agreed to break down the ____________ between their markets. 2. The government is trying hard to deal with the problem of air pollution. → The government is trying hard to ____________ the problem of air pollution. 3. The whole world is fighting against the virus together. → The whole world is working together to ____________ the virus. 4. The medicine helped make the old man's pain less serious. → The medicine helped ____________ the old man's pain. 5. The sudden start of the disease worried everyone. → The ____________ of the disease worried everyone. 6. The two sides have built trust in each other over the years. → The two sides have built ____________ trust over the years. 7. Her love for and loyalty to teaching moved all her students. → Her ____________ to teaching moved all her students. 8. Scientists from many countries work together on this project. → Scientists from many countries ____________ on this project. 9. The doctors had to bear great pain and tiredness during the long night. → The doctors had to ____________ great pain and tiredness during the long night. 10. A good plan should be based on facts rather than dreams. → A good plan should be ____________ rather than a dream. 11. The two families live together in a peaceful and friendly way. → The two families enjoy a ____________ relationship. 12. The company promised to pay back the workers for their loss. → The company promised to ____________ the workers for their loss. 【答案】 1. boundary 2. tackle 3. combat 4. relieve 5. outbreak 6. mutual 7. devotion 8. collaborate 9. endure 10. realistic 11. harmonious 12. compensate Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：boundary → tackle → combat → relieve → outbreak → mutual → devotion → collaborate → endure → compensate → realistic → harmonious 复述模板（填空）： 2014年埃博拉____________（爆发）时，陈薇跨越国____________（边界）驰援西非：____________（处理）疾病、____________（对抗）病毒、轮班____________（缓解）疼痛；国际医护与当地人建立____________（相互的）信任。 团队____________（奉献）投入、____________（合作）无间、____________（忍受）酷暑；药品短缺自费____________（弥补）损失，以____________（现实的）计划战胜疫情，最终建立____________（和谐的）关系。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：outbreak; boundary; tackle; combat; relieve; mutual; devotion; collaborate; endure; compensate; realistic; harmonious 复述模板参考版本： In 2014, when the Ebola outbreak struck West Africa, Dr Chen Wei crossed national boundaries to offer help. To tackle the disease, the team had to combat both the virus and the fear among the locals, while nurses worked in turns to relieve the pain of the patients. A mutual trust grew between the international staff and the local helpers. With great devotion and close collaboration, the doctors endured the heat and the long working hours. When medicine was short, Chen Wei spent her own savings to compensate for the loss, because she believed that a realistic plan was better than empty promises. In the end, a harmonious relationship was built between people of different countries, and that was the greatest reward of devotion. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：boundary / tackle / combat / relieve / outbreak / mutual / devotion / collaborate / endure / compensate / realistic / harmonious （知识点来源：选修二 Unit 4 · Breaking boundaries + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 When the Ebola outbreak struck West Africa in 2014, doctors from every corner of the world crossed national boundaries to offer help. Among them was a young Chinese doctor named Chen Wei, who had just finished her training in tropical medicine. The situation she met was far more serious than she had expected. To tackle the disease, the team had to combat not only the virus but also the fear and misunderstanding among the local people. Day and night, nurses worked in turns to relieve the pain of the patients, and every piece of protective clothing was used with great care. In the crowded clinic, Chen Wei was deeply moved by the mutual trust between the medical staff and the villagers. The local helpers showed great devotion to the patients, and the international team members were happy to collaborate with them at every step. The doctors had to endure the heat, the rain and the long working hours, but no one complained. When the hospital was short of medicine, Chen Wei spent her own savings to compensate for the loss, believing that a realistic plan was better than empty promises. At last, the epidemic was brought under control, and a harmonious relationship had been built between people of different countries. 【中文译文】 2014年埃博拉疫情（outbreak）在西非爆发时，来自世界各地的医生跨越国界（boundary）伸出援手。其中有一位刚完成热带医学培训的中国年轻医生陈薇。她面对的形势远比想象中严峻。要处理（tackle）这种疾病，团队不仅要对抗（combat）病毒，还要对抗当地人的恐惧与误解。医护人员日夜轮班，缓解（relieve）病人的痛苦，每一件防护服都倍加珍惜。 在拥挤的诊所里，陈薇深深感动于医护人员与村民之间的相互（mutual）信任。当地助手对病人表现出极大的奉献（devotion），国际团队成员也乐于随时与他们合作（collaborate）。医生们必须忍受（endure）酷热、雨水和长时间工作，但没有人抱怨。医院药品短缺时，陈薇用自己的积蓄弥补（compensate）损失，她相信现实的（realistic）计划胜过空洞的承诺。最终疫情得到控制，不同国家的人们之间建立起和谐（harmonious）的关系。 Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 boundary /ˈbaʊndri/ n. 边界，界限 ⚡考点：break down boundaries 打破界限；cross the boundary 跨越边界；establish clear boundaries 建立明确界限 2 tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 处理，解决；阻截 ⚡考点：tackle the problem 处理问题；tackle the disease 对付疾病；tackle climate change 应对气候变化 3 combat /ˈkɒmbæt/ v./n. 战斗，对抗 ⚡考点：combat the virus 对抗病毒；combat climate change 对抗气候变化；in combat with 与…作战 4 relieve /rɪˈliːv/ v. 缓解，减轻；解除 ⚡考点：relieve pain 缓解疼痛；relieve sb. of 解除某人的…；relief n. 缓解 5 outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/ n. 爆发 ⚡考点：the outbreak of the disease 疾病的爆发；the Ebola outbreak 埃博拉疫情；break out 爆发 6 mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj. 相互的，彼此的 ⚡考点：mutual trust 相互信任；mutual understanding 相互理解；mutually adv. 相互地 7 devotion /dɪˈvəʊʃn/ n. 奉献，忠诚 ⚡考点：devotion to 对…的奉献；devote oneself to 献身于；devoted adj. 忠诚的 8 collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ v. 合作，协作 ⚡考点：collaborate with 与…合作；collaboration n. 合作；collaborative adj. 协作的 9 endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ v. 忍受，忍耐 ⚡考点：endure pain 忍受痛苦；endure hardship 忍受艰难；endurance n. 忍耐力 10 compensate /ˈkɒmpenseɪt/ v. 补偿，弥补 ⚡考点：compensate for 弥补；compensate sb. for sth. 因某事补偿某人；compensation n. 补偿 11 realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 现实的，实际的 ⚡考点：a realistic plan 现实的计划；be realistic about 对…持现实态度；reality n. 现实 12 harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ adj. 和谐的，和睦的 ⚡考点：a harmonious society 和谐社会；harmonious relationship 和谐的关系；harmony n. 和谐 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. boundary /ˈbaʊndri/ n. 边界，界限 【核心考点】 boundary是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①边界，界限——break down boundaries（打破界限）、cross the boundary（跨越边界）、establish clear boundaries（建立明确界限）；②（学科、领域的）界限——the boundaries of science（科学的边界）。辨析：boundary（边界，界限，强调分界）vs border（国界，边境）vs frontier（边疆；前沿）vs limit（限度，极限）。写作金句：True progress begins when we break down the boundaries between different cultures and learn from one another（真正的进步始于打破不同文化之间的界限并相互学习）。 【词根联想】 中世纪英语bounder"边界"（boun"界限"→法语borne"界碑"）→ 边界。联想：bound"边界"→ boundary（边界）、bounds（界限，范围）、boundless（无边无际的）、bounce（弹跳→越过边界弹回）。记住：bound=界，boundary即"分界线"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：boundary还可表示"（抽象事物的）界限，范围"，如push the boundaries of science（拓展科学的边界）。此义常见于科技类语篇，阅读中注意搭配。 【真题原句】 （2024北京卷·语法填空真题）"To practise this, we need to establish clear boundaries in our personal and professional life."（为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。）（真题原句·boundary 界限） 【搭配词块】 break down boundaries 打破界限 / cross the boundary 跨越边界 / establish clear boundaries 建立明确界限 / push the boundaries of 拓展…的边界 2. tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 处理，解决；阻截 【核心考点】 tackle是新闻与议论文类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①处理，解决（难题）——tackle the problem（处理问题）、tackle the disease（对付疾病）、tackle climate change（应对气候变化）；②（足球等）阻截，铲球。辨析：tackle（处理棘手难题，较正式）vs deal with（处理）vs handle（处理，操控）vs solve（解决）。写作金句：The first step to tackle any difficulty is to admit that it exists and face it with courage（处理任何困难的第一步是承认它的存在并勇敢面对）。 【词根联想】 中古荷兰语tackel"船具，绳索"→ 抓住→ 处理。联想：tack"钉子；行动"→ tackle（抓住问题→处理）、tack（大头钉；行动方针）、attack（进攻→向前扑）、attach（附上→钉上去）。记住：tackle即"抓住难题不放"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tackle还可作名词表示"（美式橄榄球）擒抱；用具"，如fishing tackle（钓鱼用具）。此义中tackle为名词，与"处理"义不同。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"To tackle the disease, the team had to win the trust of local communities first, because medicine alone was never enough."（要处理这种疾病，团队必须先赢得当地社区的信任，因为单靠药物永远不够。）（经典原句·tackle 处理） 【搭配词块】 tackle the problem 处理问题 / tackle the disease 对付疾病 / tackle climate change 应对气候变化 / fishing tackle 钓鱼用具 3. combat /ˈkɒmbæt/ v./n. 战斗，对抗 【核心考点】 combat是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：对抗，打击——combat the virus（对抗病毒）、combat climate change（对抗气候变化）、combat crime（打击犯罪）。名词用法：战斗，对抗——in combat with（与…作战）、a combat against（对…的战斗）。派生词：combative adj. 好战的；combatant n. 战斗人员。辨析：combat（对抗，斗争，较正式）vs fight（战斗，最普通）vs battle（作战，战斗）vs struggle（挣扎，奋斗）。写作金句：To combat fear, we must first understand it; to combat disease, we must first respect it（要对抗恐惧，我们必须先理解它；要对抗疾病，我们必须先尊重它）。 【词根联想】 法语combattre"战斗"（com-"共同"+battre"打"）→ 相互打击→ 战斗。联想：bat"打"→ combat（共同打→战斗）、battle（战斗）、battery（电池→连续打击）、debate（辩论→相互打嘴仗）。记住：com + bat = 打在一起。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：combat作名词还可表示"（事物的）斗争，较量"，如the combat between good and evil（善恶之争）。此义较抽象，常见于文学与新闻语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The nurses had to combat not only the virus but also the fear and misunderstanding among the local people."（护士们不仅要对抗病毒，还要对抗当地人的恐惧与误解。）（经典原句·combat 对抗） 【搭配词块】 combat the virus 对抗病毒 / combat climate change 对抗气候变化 / combat crime 打击犯罪 / in combat with 与…作战 4. relieve /rɪˈliːv/ v. 缓解，减轻；解除 【核心考点】 relieve是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①缓解，减轻——relieve pain（缓解疼痛）、relieve stress（缓解压力）、relieve the pressure（减轻压力）；②解除，接替——relieve sb. of his duty（解除某人的职务）、relieve the night shift（接替夜班）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：relief n. 缓解；宽慰→ to one's relief（令某人宽慰的是）；relieved adj. 宽慰的。辨析：relieve（缓解，减轻）vs release（释放）vs ease（减轻，放松）vs reduce（减少）。写作金句：A kind word can relieve more pain than the strongest medicine（一句善意的话能缓解的痛苦比最有效的药还多）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语relevare"减轻"（re-"再次"+levare"举起"）→ 再次举起→ 减轻负担。联想：lev"举起"→ relieve（减轻→举起重担）、relief（缓解）、elevate（提升→举高）、lever（杠杆→举起工具）、level（水平→被举起的高度）。记住：re + lieve = 把重担再次举起。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：relieve还可表示"接替，换班"，如relieve the guard（换岗）。此义常见于军事与服务行业语篇，阅读中注意上下文。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Every morning, nurses lined up to relieve the tired night shift, and no patient was ever left unattended."（每天早晨，护士们排队接替疲惫的夜班，从不让任何病人无人照料。）（经典原句·relieve 接替；缓解） 【搭配词块】 relieve pain 缓解疼痛 / relieve stress 缓解压力 / to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是 / relieve the night shift 接替夜班 5. outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/ n. 爆发 【核心考点】 outbreak是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①（战争、疾病、暴力等的）爆发——the outbreak of the disease（疾病的爆发）、the Ebola outbreak（埃博拉疫情）、the outbreak of war（战争的爆发）；②an outbreak of flu（流感爆发）。对应动词短语：break out（爆发）——The fire broke out suddenly。辨析：outbreak（爆发，突发）vs eruption（（火山）喷发；（冲突）爆发）vs explosion（爆炸；激增）vs burst（迸发）。写作金句：The outbreak of a disease can be sudden, but the cure for fear lies in unity and science（疾病可能突然爆发，但恐惧的解药在于团结与科学）。 【词根联想】 中古英语outbreak（out"向外"+break"破裂"）→ 向外破裂→ 爆发。联想：out"向外"+ break"破裂"→ outbreak（爆发）、outburst（爆发，迸发）、breakthrough（突破）、breakdown（崩溃；故障）。记住：out + break = 向外炸开。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：outbreak意义稳定，无生义。注意区分outbreak（名词，爆发）与break out（动词短语，爆发），语法填空常考名词形式。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"It was 2014, and the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone had already claimed thousands of lives before the world woke up."（那是2014年，塞拉利昂的埃博拉疫情在世界醒悟之前已经夺走了数千条生命。）（经典原句·outbreak 爆发） 【搭配词块】 the outbreak of the disease 疾病的爆发 / the Ebola outbreak 埃博拉疫情 / the outbreak of war 战争的爆发 / break out 爆发 6. mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj. 相互的，彼此的 【核心考点】 mutual是说明文与议论文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①相互的，彼此的——mutual trust（相互信任）、mutual understanding（相互理解）、mutual respect（相互尊重）；②共同的——mutual friends（共同的朋友）、a mutual interest（共同的兴趣）。派生词：mutually adv. 相互地——mutually beneficial（互利共赢的）。辨析：mutual（相互的；共同的）vs common（共同的，普遍的）vs joint（联合的，共同的）vs shared（共享的）。写作金句：Trust is not given; it is built on mutual respect and shared effort（信任不是给予的，而是建立在相互尊重与共同努力之上）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语mutuus"互换的"（mutare"交换"）→ 互换的→ 相互的。联想：mut"交换"→ mutual（互换→相互）、mutate（突变→交换基因）、mutation（变异）、commute（通勤→交换地点）。记住：mut=换，mutual即"你换给我我换给你"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mutual还可表示"（两个人）共同的，共有的"，如a mutual friend（共同的朋友）。此义中mutual强调双方共有，阅读中注意。 【真题原句】 （2022全国卷·完形真题）"They simply 48 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard."（他们只是希望获得相互的认可与尊重。）（真题原句·mutual 相互的） 【搭配词块】 mutual trust 相互信任 / mutual understanding 相互理解 / mutual respect 相互尊重 / mutually beneficial 互利共赢的 7. devotion /dɪˈvəʊʃn/ n. 奉献，忠诚 【核心考点】 devotion是人物与记叙文类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①奉献，忠诚——devotion to（对…的奉献）——her devotion to her patients（她对病人的奉献）；②热爱，专心——devotion to duty（忠于职守）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：devote v. 奉献→ devote oneself to（献身于）；devoted adj. 忠诚的，挚爱的→ be devoted to（致力于）。辨析：devotion（奉献，忠诚）vs dedication（献身，奉献）vs commitment（承诺，投入）vs loyalty（忠诚）。写作金句：Great achievements are built not on talent alone, but on years of quiet devotion to one's work（伟大的成就不仅靠天赋，更靠多年对工作默默的奉献）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语devovere"发誓献出"（de-"完全"+vovere"发誓"）→ 完全发誓献出→ 奉献。联想：vow"誓言"→ devotion（发誓献出→奉献）、devote（献身）、devout（虔诚的）、vote（投票→发誓表态）。记住：de + vote = 发誓献出。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：devotion还可表示"（宗教）虔诚，礼拜"，如a life of prayer and devotion（祈祷与虔诚的生活）。此义出现于宗教类语篇，阅读中注意。 【真题原句】 （2024全国甲卷·语法填空真题）"It is the devotion of scientists like Yuan Longping that has ensured China's food security."（正是像袁隆平这样的科学家的奉献，才保障了中国的粮食安全。）（真题原句·devotion 奉献） 【搭配词块】 devotion to 对…的奉献 / devote oneself to 献身于 / be devoted to 致力于 / a devoted father 挚爱的父亲 8. collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ v. 合作，协作 【核心考点】 collaborate是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①合作，协作——collaborate with sb. on sth.（与某人在某事上合作）——The two teams collaborated on the research；②（与敌方）勾结（贬义）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：collaboration n. 合作→ in collaboration with（与…合作）；collaborative adj. 协作的→ collaborative learning（合作学习）。辨析：collaborate（合作，协作，正式）vs cooperate（合作，配合）vs work together（一起工作）vs team up（组队合作）。写作金句：No doctor can fight a disease alone; the world heals fastest when nations collaborate（没有哪位医生能独自战胜疾病；当各国合作时，世界康复得最快）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语collaborare"共同劳动"（col-"共同"+laborare"劳动"）→ 共同劳动→ 合作。联想：labor"劳动"→ collaborate（共同劳动→合作）、collaboration（合作）、laboratory（实验室→劳动场所）、elaborate（精心制作→费力完成）。记住：col + labor = 一起干活。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：collaborate还可表示"（贬）勾结，通敌"，如collaborate with the enemy（与敌人勾结）。此义出现于历史类语篇，注意褒贬语境。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Li and her colleagues collaborated across cultures and languages, translating every instruction and sharing every lesson."（李和同事们跨越文化与语言合作，翻译每一条指令，分享每一个经验。）（经典原句·collaborate 合作） 【搭配词块】 collaborate with 与…合作 / in collaboration with 与…合作 / collaborative learning 合作学习 / collaboration n. 合作 9. endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ v. 忍受，忍耐 【核心考点】 endure是记叙文与说明文类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①忍受，忍耐——endure pain（忍受疼痛）、endure hardship（忍受艰难）、endure heat（忍受酷热）；②持续，持久——The tradition has endured for centuries（这一传统延续了几个世纪）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：endurance n. 忍耐力，耐力→ beyond endurance（忍无可忍）；enduring adj. 持久的。辨析：endure（忍受，忍耐，较正式且持久）vs bear（忍受，承担）vs stand（忍受，容忍）vs tolerate（容忍，宽容）。写作金句：Those who endure the longest nights are the first to see the dawn（忍受最漫长黑夜的人最先看到黎明）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语indurare"使坚硬"（in-"使"+durare"变硬"）→ 变硬→ 忍耐。联想：dur"硬；持久"→ endure（变硬→忍耐）、endurance（耐力）、durable（耐用的）、duration（持续时间）、during（在…期间）。记住：dur=持久，endure即"硬挺到底"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：endure还可表示"（事物）持续存在，经久不衰"，如a friendship that endures（持久的友谊）。此义中endure作不及物动词，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The doctors had to endure the heat, the rain and the long working hours, but no one complained about the conditions."（医生们必须忍受酷热、雨水和长时间工作，但没有人抱怨条件艰苦。）（经典原句·endure 忍受） 【搭配词块】 endure pain 忍受疼痛 / endure hardship 忍受艰难 / beyond endurance 忍无可忍 / enduring friendship 持久的友谊 10. compensate /ˈkɒmpenseɪt/ v. 补偿，弥补 【核心考点】 compensate是新闻与议论文类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①补偿，弥补——compensate for（弥补）——Hard work can compensate for lack of talent；②赔偿——compensate sb. for sth.（因某事赔偿某人）——The company compensated the workers for their loss。派生词是语法填空高频考点：compensation n. 补偿，赔偿金；compensatory adj. 补偿的。辨析：compensate（补偿，弥补）vs make up for（弥补）vs reward（报答，奖赏）vs repay（偿还，报答）。写作金句：No salary can compensate for the loss of a loved one, but shared sorrow makes it easier to bear（任何薪水都无法弥补失去亲人的痛苦，但共同的悲伤使它更容易承受）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语compensare"平衡"（com-"共同"+pensare"称重"）→ 称重平衡→ 补偿。联想：pens"称重；付钱"→ compensate（称重平衡→补偿）、compensation（补偿金）、expense（花费）、pension（养老金）、dispense（分发）。记住：com + pense = 重新称平。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：compensate还可表示"（使）抵消"，如Nothing can compensate for the loss of time（没有什么能弥补时间的损失）。此义中compensate for后接抽象名词，阅读中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Nothing could compensate for the time she had missed with her family, but the memory of the village dancing in the street came close."（没有什么能弥补她错过的与家人团聚的时光，但村民们在街上跳舞的记忆差可相比。）（经典原句·compensate 弥补） 【搭配词块】 compensate for 弥补 / compensate sb. for sth. 因某事赔偿某人 / compensation n. 补偿金 / compensatory adj. 补偿的 11. realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 现实的，实际的 【核心考点】 realistic是议论文与说明文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①现实的，实际的——a realistic plan（现实的计划）、be realistic about（对…持现实态度）——Be realistic about your goals；②逼真的——a realistic painting（逼真的画）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：reality n. 现实→ in reality（实际上）；realist n. 现实主义者；realistically adv. 现实地；unrealistic adj. 不切实际的。辨析：realistic（现实的，实际的）vs practical（实用的，务实的）vs sensible（明智的）vs idealistic（理想主义的，反义）。写作金句：A realistic dream is a plan with wings; an unrealistic one is a cloud without rain（现实的梦想是有翅膀的计划；不切实际的梦想是不下雨的云）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语realis"真实的"（res"事物"）→ 与事物相符的→ 现实的。联想：real"真实"→ realistic（符合真实的→现实的）、reality（现实）、realize（实现→使成真）、realism（现实主义）。记住：real + istic = 基于现实的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：realistic还可表示"（艺术作品）写实的，逼真的"，如a realistic portrait（逼真的肖像）。此义出现于艺术类语篇，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She knew the fight was not over, because a realistic doctor understands that such diseases will return again and again."（她知道战斗尚未结束，因为现实的医生明白这类疾病会一次又一次卷土重来。）（经典原句·realistic 现实的） 【搭配词块】 a realistic plan 现实的计划 / be realistic about 对…持现实态度 / in reality 实际上 / unrealistic adj. 不切实际的 12. harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ adj. 和谐的，和睦的 【核心考点】 harmonious是说明文与议论文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①和谐的，和睦的——a harmonious society（和谐社会）、harmonious relationship（和谐的关系）、a harmonious atmosphere（和谐的氛围）；②协调的，悦耳的——harmonious sounds（和谐的声音）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：harmony n. 和谐→ live in harmony with（与…和谐相处）；harmonize v. 使协调；harmoniously adv. 和谐地。辨析：harmonious（和谐的，和睦的）vs peaceful（和平的，安宁的）vs friendly（友好的）vs balanced（平衡的）。写作金句：A harmonious world is not one without differences, but one where differences learn to live side by side（和谐的世界不是没有差异，而是差异学会共存的世界）。 【词根联想】 希腊语harmonia"和谐"（harmos"接缝，关节"）→ 各部件吻合→ 和谐。联想：harm"接合"→ harmonious（接合良好→和谐）、harmony（和谐）、harmonic（和声的）、harmonize（使和谐）。记住：harm=接合，harmonious即"严丝合缝"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：harmonious还可表示"（音乐）悦耳的，和声的"，如harmonious melodies（悦耳的旋律）。此义出现于艺术类语篇，阅读中注意。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"At last, the epidemic was brought under control, and a harmonious relationship had been built between people of different countries."（最终疫情得到控制，不同国家的人们之间建立起和谐的关系。）（经典原句·harmonious 和谐的） 【搭配词块】 a harmonious society 和谐社会 / harmonious relationship 和谐的关系 / live in harmony with 与…和谐相处 / harmony n. 和谐 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 boundary bounds (n.) boundless (adj.) --- break down boundaries / cross the boundary tackle --- --- --- tackle the problem / fishing tackle combat combative (adj.) combatant (n.) --- combat the virus / in combat with relieve relief (n.) relieved (adj.) relieving (adj.) relieve pain / to one's relief outbreak break out (v.) --- --- the outbreak of the disease / break out mutual mutually (adv.) --- --- mutual trust / mutually beneficial devotion devote (v.) devoted (adj.) devotedly (adv.) devotion to / devote oneself to collaborate collaboration (n.) collaborative (adj.) collaborator (n.) collaborate with / in collaboration with endure endurance (n.) enduring (adj.) endurable (adj.) endure hardship / beyond endurance compensate compensation (n.) compensatory (adj.) --- compensate for / compensation realistic reality (n.) realist (n.) realistically (adv.) a realistic plan / in reality harmonious harmony (n.) harmonize (v.) harmoniously (adv.) a harmonious society / live in harmony with Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2024北京卷·语法填空·改编）To practise this, we need to establish clear ____________ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 2.（2022全国卷·完形·改编）They simply expected mutual ____________ (recognise) and regard. 3.（2024全国甲卷·语法填空·改编）It is the ____________ (devote) of scientists like Yuan Longping that has ensured China's food security. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The doctors worked day and night to ____________ (relief) the pain of the patients. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The ____________ (break) of the disease caused panic across the whole region. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The two countries reached an agreement based on mutual ____________ (trusting). 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The doctors ____________ (collaboration) with local helpers to fight the disease. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The team had to ____________ (endurance) long hours of hard work. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Nothing can ____________ (compensation) for the loss of those brave nurses. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）It is not ____________ (realism) to expect the disease to disappear overnight. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）A ____________ (harmony) relationship was built between the doctors and the villagers. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The ____________ (combat) spirit of the nurses inspired everyone in the clinic. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）____________ (tackle) this difficult task required great patience and courage. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The patient's ____________ (endure) impressed every nurse in the ward. 15.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The ____________ (relieve) on the doctor's face told us the good news. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 2014年埃博拉疫情____________（爆发）时，中国医生陈薇跨越国____________（边界）驰援西非。要____________（处理）疾病，团队需____________（对抗）病毒与恐惧；护士日夜轮班____________（缓解）疼痛，当地人与国际医护建立____________（相互的）信任。 当地助手对病人充满____________（奉献），国际团队与之____________（合作），大家____________（忍受）酷热与疲劳；药品短缺时陈薇自费____________（弥补）损失，她相信____________（现实的）计划胜过空话，最终疫情受控，不同国家的人建立起____________（和谐的）关系。 Part 7 关联阅读 When Dr Li volunteered for a medical team heading to West Africa, she crossed more than a physical boundary. It was 2014, and the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone had already claimed thousands of lives. Her parents begged her to stay home, and even her colleagues warned that the work was too dangerous. But Li had spent two years training for exactly this moment. She knew that to tackle the disease, the team first had to win the trust of local communities, and that meant learning to combat fear with patience and respect. The clinic where she worked had been a school before the outbreak. Every morning, nurses lined up to relieve the tired night shift, and every evening the doctors shared the day's news over a simple dinner. Li was deeply impressed by the mutual trust between the international staff and the local helpers. Neither side complained about the long hours, because both understood that the disease did not care where you came from. Slowly, the number of new patients began to fall, and the whole team allowed themselves a cautious smile. What kept them going was not glory but devotion. Li and her colleagues collaborated across cultures and languages, translating every instruction and sharing every lesson they learned. They endured heat, rain and exhaustion, yet no one asked to leave early. When a young nurse fell ill, the entire team worked round the clock to save her, and the village chief personally thanked the foreigners who had come so far. Li realised that in the middle of a crisis, the line between helper and helped disappears completely. Months later, when the last patient walked out of the clinic, Li thought of home. Nothing could compensate for the time she had missed with her family, but the memory of the village dancing in the street came close. She knew the fight was not over; a realistic doctor understands that such diseases will return. Still, she also knew that a harmonious world is built by ordinary people who refuse to look away. "We did not save a country," she wrote in her diary. "We saved each other." 1. What can we learn about Dr Li from the first paragraph? A. Her parents tried to stop her from going to Africa. B. She had never treated an Ebola patient before. C. She went to Africa for higher pay. D. The outbreak had already ended before she arrived. 2. What can we infer about the working atmosphere in the clinic? A. The staff complained about the long working hours. B. International and local workers trusted each other. C. The doctors refused to share their experience. D. The nurses were afraid of the local helpers. 3. What made the team keep going according to paragraph 3? A. The high pay they received from the government. B. The fear of being punished by the local people. C. The devotion to saving lives across cultures. D. The hope of becoming famous in their country. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Doctors should be rewarded for working abroad. B. Ebola can be beaten only with the newest equipment. C. International aid workers deserve more attention. D. Crossing boundaries with devotion can save and unite people. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：boundary, tackle, combat, relieve, outbreak, mutual, devotion, collaborate, endure, compensate, realistic, harmonious Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The two countries agreed to break the limits between their markets. → The two countries agreed to break down the ____________ between their markets. 2. The government is trying hard to deal with the problem of air pollution. → The government is trying hard to ____________ the problem of air pollution. 3. The whole world is fighting against the virus together. → The whole world is working together to ____________ the virus. 4. The medicine helped make the old man's pain less serious. → The medicine helped ____________ the old man's pain. 5. The sudden start of the disease worried everyone. → The ____________ of the disease worried everyone. 6. The two sides have built trust in each other over the years. → The two sides have built ____________ trust over the years. 7. Her love for and loyalty to teaching moved all her students. → Her ____________ to teaching moved all her students. 8. Scientists from many countries work together on this project. → Scientists from many countries ____________ on this project. 9. The doctors had to bear great pain and tiredness during the long night. → The doctors had to ____________ great pain and tiredness during the long night. 10. A good plan should be based on facts rather than dreams. → A good plan should be ____________ rather than a dream. 11. The two families live together in a peaceful and friendly way. → The two families enjoy a ____________ relationship. 12. The company promised to pay back the workers for their loss. → The company promised to ____________ the workers for their loss. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：boundary → tackle → combat → relieve → outbreak → mutual → devotion → collaborate → endure → compensate → realistic → harmonious 复述模板（填空）： 2014年埃博拉____________（爆发）时，陈薇跨越国____________（边界）驰援西非：____________（处理）疾病、____________（对抗）病毒、轮班____________（缓解）疼痛；国际医护与当地人建立____________（相互的）信任。 团队____________（奉献）投入、____________（合作）无间、____________（忍受）酷暑；药品短缺自费____________（弥补）损失，以____________（现实的）计划战胜疫情，最终建立____________（和谐的）关系。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $