2026年中考英语难点语法突破被动语态精讲&精练

**基本信息** 以“概念-结构-转换-难点-解题”为逻辑链，通过口诀公式、分层训练系统突破被动语态，兼顾语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心概念|2组对比例句|“不知道/不重要/不想说”判断标准|从使用场景切入，建立被动语态认知基础| |基础结构|4时态+情态动词表格|“be+done”万能公式|以主动结构为参照，构建时态对应转换体系| |转换方法|双宾语等5类例句|“主变宾，宾变主，谓语be done”三步口诀|从单句到特殊结构，实现主动被动灵活转换| |难点突破|感官/使役动词等3类易错点|“主动省to被动还原”等专项规则|聚焦中考高频错误，建立特殊情况处理机制| |解题步骤|5道真题示例|“判主被动-定时态-套公式”三步骤|整合知识形成解题闭环，提升应试思维能力| |分层练习|4层10类题型|基础巩固到综合运用梯度设计|匹配学生认知规律，实现从知识到能力转化|

2026年中考难点语法突破被动语态精讲&精练 一、核心概念——为什么要用被动语态？ 被动语态的精髓就一句话：不知道、不重要、不想说。 当说话者不知道动作是谁做的，或觉得执行者不重要，或故意不想提及时，用被动。 主动：They built this bridge in 1990. (强调他们) 被动：This bridge was built in 1990. (强调桥，谁建的不重要) 解题时的判断标准：主语是人/物，能否主动发出这个动作？不能，就是被动。 二、基础结构——万能转换公式 记住核心公式：be + 过去分词 (done) 时态 主动结构 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done English is spoken all over the world. 一般过去时 did was/were + done The window was broken yesterday. 一般将来时 will do will be + done A meeting will be held next week. 含情态动词 can/must do can/must be + done Books can be borrowed from the library. 中考必考点：现在完成时的被动语态 结构：have/has been + done 主动：They have cleaned the classroom. 被动：The classroom has been cleaned. 三、主动变被动的三步口诀 1.主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成 be done。 2.原主动句的宾语，变被动句的主语。 3.原主动句的主语，加 by 放句末（可省略）。 谓语动词改为 be + done，be 的时态与原主动句一致。 示范： Many students respect Mr. Wang. → Mr. Wang is respected (by many students). 双宾语结构（give, show, tell, teach, buy 等）有两种变法，中考常考： He gave me a book. → I was given a book. (人做主语更常见) → A book was given to me. 四、三大中考高频难点 1. 感官/使役动词，主动省to，被动要还原 主动句中，see, watch, hear, notice, make 等动词后面的不定式省 to，变成被动时一定要把 to 补回来。 主动：I saw him enter the room. (主动无to) 被动：He was seen to enter the room. (被动必须加to) 主动：The boss made them work late. 被动：They were made to work late. 2. 不用被动语态的动词 以下动词用主动形式表被动含义，无需 be done： happen, take place, occur (发生) come true (实现) sell, wash, write, read + 副词 (说明主语本身属性) This kind of book sells well. The pen writes smoothly. 3. 系动词无被动 系动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, become, get 等）没有被动语态： The idea sounds great. (不用 is sounded) The flower smells sweet. (不用 is smelled) 五、被动语态标志词（解题敏感词） 看到以下词或短语，优先考虑被动： by + 动作执行者 时间状语强调承受者：every day, last year, soon, already, yet 固定句式：It is said/believed/reported that ... 六、解题实战步骤 1.看主语能否发出该动作：能→主动；不能→被动。 2.找时间标志：确定时态。 3.套公式：be + done，be 要随人称和时态变化。 我们来做几道真题风格的练习巩固一下： 1.Many trees ________ (plant) on the hill every spring. 2.The classroom ________ (clean) already. It's so tidy now. 3.—Can sixteen-year-olds drive cars? —No, they can't. They ________ (not allow) to drive. 4. The old man was seen ________ (cross) the street slowly. 5.This kind of mobile phone ________ (sell) very well in our store. 答案：1. are planted 2. has been cleaned 3. aren't allowed 4. to cross 5. sells 被动语态专项分层练习卷 （满分：100分 建议用时：45分钟） 第一层：基础巩固（共30分） 考点一：被动语态的基本结构（be + 过去分词） 判断标准：主语是人/物，能否主动发出该动作？不能，则用被动。 注意：be动词必须随人称和时态变化，过去分词不随人称变化。 一、写出下列动词的过去分词。（10分，每题1分） 原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词 1. build ________ 6. break ________ 2. speak ________ 7. write ________ 3. send ________ 8. take ________ 4. catch ________ 9. grow ________ 5. choose ________ 10. teach ________ 二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。（10分，每题2分） 1. English ________ (speak) by people all over the world. 2. The classroom ________ (clean) by the students every afternoon. 3. The Great Wall ________ (know) as one of the wonders of the world. 4. This magazine ________ (read) by millions of people every month. 5. Football ________ (play) in almost every country in the world. 考点二：一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + done） 时间标志：yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 2008 等表示过去的时间状语。 三、用所给动词的适当形式完成句子。（10分，每题2分） 1. The telephone ________ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 2. These photos ________ (take) during our trip to Yunnan last summer. 3. The window ________ (break) by the strong wind last night. 4. A new shopping mall ________ (build) in our city last year. 5. Three people ________ (injure) in the traffic accident yesterday. 第二层：核心突破（共35分） 考点三：一般将来时的被动语态（will be + done） 时间标志：tomorrow, next..., in the future, soon 等表示将来的时间状语。 四、用所给动词的适当形式填空。（5分，每题1分） 1.A school sports meeting ________ (hold) next Friday. 2. The results of the exam ________ (announce) tomorrow. 3.More trees ________ (plant) in the park next spring. 4.The work ________ (finish) in two days. 5.A new bridge ________ (build) over the river soon. 考点四：含情态动词的被动语态（can/must/should + be + done） 结构：情态动词后的 be 永远用原形，不可变形。 五、用所给动词的适当形式填空。（5分，每题1分） 1. Teenagers under 18 should not ________ (allow) to drink alcohol. 2. The homework must ________ (hand) in before Friday. 3. These books can ________ (borrow) for up to two weeks. 4. The problem should ________ (solve) as soon as possible. 5. Food and water cannot ________ (take) into the museum. 考点五：现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been + done） 结构：have/has + been + 过去分词 时间标志：already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, recently 等。 ⚠️ 易错提醒：注意与主动完成时的区分，已经做完用 been done，不是 been do。 六、用所给动词的适当形式填空。（10分，每题2分） 1. The classroom ________ already ________ (clean). It looks so tidy now. 2. So far, more than 500 tickets ________ (sell) online. 3. The letter ________ (send) yet. Could you post it for me? 4. All the preparations for the meeting ________ (make). Everything is ready. 5. These clothes ________ (wash). You can put them away now. 考点六：双宾语结构的被动语态（give, show, tell, teach, buy 等） 方法：通常将“人”变为主语更自然，如需用“物”做主语，加 to/for。 七、将下列主动句改为被动句，每空一词。（15分，每题3分） 1. My mother gave me a new phone on my birthday. → I ________ ________ a new phone on my birthday. → A new phone ________ ________ ________ me on my birthday. 2. The teacher told the students an interesting story. → The students ________ ________ an interesting story by the teacher. 3. He bought his son a model plane. → His son ________ ________ a model plane by him. 4. They showed us around the museum. → We ________ ________ around the museum. 5. She will teach us English next term. → We ________ ________ ________ English next term. 第三层：难点突破（共20分） 考点七：感官/使役动词主动省to，被动要还原 主动：see/watch/hear/notice/make/let sb. do sth. （不定式省to） 被动：sb. be seen/watched/heard/noticed/made to do sth. （to必须还原） ⚠️ 注意：let 一般不用于被动，变被动时常用 be allowed to do。 八、用所给动词的适当形式填空。（10分，每题2分） 1. The boy was seen ________ (run) out of the shop at that moment. 2. A stranger was heard ________ (knock) at the door last night. 3. These children were made ________ (finish) all the work before 5 p.m. 4. The thief was noticed ________ (slip) into the building secretly. 5. Students should be allowed ________ (express) their own opinions in class. 考点八：不用被动语态的特殊动词 以下动词/词组用主动形式表被动含义，不加 be done： happen, take place, occur （发生） come true （实现） sell, wash, write, read + 副词 （说明主语属性） 系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 九、用所给动词的适当形式填空，注意是否需要被动。（10分，每题2分） 1. The story ________ (happen) in a small village a hundred years ago. 2. This kind of pen ________ (write) very smoothly. I love it. 3. The cake ________ (smell) delicious. Can I have a piece? 4. Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in recent years. 5. His dream finally ________ (come) true after years of hard work. 第四层：综合运用（共15分） 考点九：综合判断——主动还是被动 综合运用各种时态和语态的判定，注意时间标志词。 十、用括号内动词的适当时态和语态填空。（15分，每题3分） 1. The 2028 Olympic Games ________ (hold) in Los Angeles, USA. 2. —When ________ this museum ________ (build)? —It ________ (build) in 1985. 3. In the past few years, many new parks ________ (create) in our city. 4. —Can I go out to play, Mum? —No, you can't. Your homework must ________ (finish) first. 5. I ________ (give) five minutes to make a speech in class every week by my English teacher. 参考答案 一、 1. built 2. spoken 3. sent 4. caught 5. chosen 6. broken 7. written 8. taken 9. grown 10. taught 二、 1. is spoken 2. is cleaned 3. is known 4. is read 5. is played 三、 1. was invented 2. were taken 3. was broken 4. was built 5. were injured 四、 1. will be held 2. will be announced 3. will be planted 4. will be finished 5. will be built 五、 1. be allowed 2. be handed 3. be borrowed 4. be solved 5. be taken 六、 1. has, been cleaned 2. have been sold 3. hasn't been sent 4. have been made 5. have been washed 七、 1. was given; was given to 2. were told 3. was bought 4. were shown 5. will be taught 八、 1.to run 2. to knock 3. to finish 4. to slip 5. to express 九、 1. happened 2. writes 3. smells 4. have taken 5. came 十、 1.will be held 2. was, built; was built 3. have been created 4. be finished 5. am given 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $