Unit 2 Getting along（知识清单）英语新教材外研版八年级上册

该初中英语知识清单围绕“与人相处”主题，系统梳理Unit 2核心内容，涵盖主题场景分类词汇、动词固定搭配等短语、实用交际句型、现在完成时语法及写作指导，构建从词汇积累到句型应用再到语法巩固与写作实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过主题分类（如分享与自私、邻里相处词汇）、考点分级（语法重难点标注）及知识关联（语法与写作结合）呈现体系，如“短暂性动词转换表”突破现在完成时难点，写作框架含建议类/叙事类结构及高频短语，助记口诀（如attend/join辨析）提升学习效率，培养语言能力与思维品质，既方便学生自主复习，也为教师提供精准教学支持。

Unit 2 Getting along 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、分享与自私： 1.________ adj. 自私的（________________________ 你把蛋糕都拿走太自私了。） 2.________ n. 巨人（________________________ 巨人住在一座大花园里。） 3.________ v. 大喊，喊叫（________________________ 请不要对别人大喊大叫。） 4.________ v. 建造（过去式 / 过去分词 built）（________________________ 他们将要在这里建一座新房子。） 5.________ conj. 也不（________________________ 他不会游泳，也不会滑冰。） 6.________ n. 洞，孔（________________________ 墙上有一个洞。） 7.________ adj. 高兴的（________________________ 我很高兴见到你。） 8.________ v. 碰撞；碰倒（________________________ 别把杯子碰下桌子。） 9.________ adj. 害怕的（________________________ 大多数孩子害怕黑暗。） 10.________ v. 害怕，担心（________________________ 很多人害怕失败。） 11.________ adj. 双倍的（________________________ 他今天拿到双倍工资。） 12.________ adj. 相似的（________________________ 我们的爱好很相似。） 13.________ n. 要旨，寓意（________________________ 这个故事的寓意是什么？） 14.________ n. 情节；行为（________________________ 这个故事情节丰富。） 15.________ n. 高潮（________________________ 这一部分是故事的高潮。） 16.________ v. 返回（________________________ 他下周将要回家。） 17.________ adj. 充满活力的（________________________ 她是一个充满活力的女孩。） 18.________ pron. 他们的，她们的（________________________ 这不是我们的房间，是他们的。） 19.________ adj. 极其贵重的；无价的（________________________ 真挚的友谊是无价的。） 20.________ adj. 以前的，过去的（________________________ 在过去几年，他变化很大。） 21.________ adv. 最近，近来（________________________ 我最近没有见过他。） 22.________ adj. 焦虑的，紧张的（________________________ 考完试你看起来很焦虑。） 23.________ n. 压力，紧张（________________________ 过多压力对健康有害。） 24.________ v. 提供，给予（________________________ 他给我提供一些有用建议。） 25.________ adv. 很；较为（________________________ 今天天气很冷。） 26. ________ n.大门（________________________ 请在大门口等我。） 二、邻里相处 ： 短 语 一、动词固定搭配（非谓语doing/to do） 1.________ v. 商讨，谈论，讨论（________________________ 我们课后将讨论这个问题。） 2.________ n. 票，入场券（________________________ 我在网上买一张电影票。） 3.________ v. 猜，猜测（________________________ 你能猜出我的年龄吗？） 4.________ n. 建议，提议（________________________ 谢谢你宝贵的建议。） 5.________ v. 解释，说明（________________________ 请给我解释这条规则。） 6.________ adj. 真正的；________ adv. 真正地 7.（________________________ 这是一个真实的故事。________________________ 我真心相信你。） 8.________ v. 尊重，顾及（________________________ 我们应当尊重邻居。） 9.________ adj. 狭窄的（反义词 ________ adj. 宽的，宽阔的）（________________________ 这是一条狭窄的街道。） 10.________ n. 巷（________________________ 一位老人住在这条小巷里。） 11.________ adj. 常见的，普遍的（________________________ 这种鸟在这里很常见。） 12.________ n. 计量单位（________________________ 米是一种长度计量单位。） 13.________ adv. 可能，大概，也许（________________________ 也许他明天会来。） 14.________ v. 争论，争吵（________________________ 不要和同学争吵。） 15.________ v.（把……）分开（________________________ 把蛋糕分成四份。） 16.________ v. 实现，达成（________________________ 我们希望达成一致。） 17.________ n.（意见的）一致，相合（________________________ 他们最终达成一致。） 18.________ n. 家人；亲戚（________________________ 我假期经常拜访亲戚。） 19.________ n. 政府（________________________ 政府帮扶贫困家庭。） 20.________ n. 诗；韵文（________________________ 她写了一首短诗。） 21.________ adv. 在里面（________________________ 请进到里面来。） 22.________ n. 邻居（________________________ 我的邻居十分友善。） 23.________ v. 不知不觉地转变（________________________ 我们的想法慢慢发生转变。） 24.________ adj. 羞耻的，内疚的（________________________ 他为自己的错误感到羞愧。） 25.________ v. 跨步，迈步（________________________ 请向前迈步。） 26.________ n. 行为，行动（________________________ 这是一个善意的举动。） 27.________ adj. 相同的（________________________ 我们在同一个班级。） 28.________ det. 另一，又一（________________________ 请再给我一支笔。） 29.________ v. 过去，流逝（________________________ 时光匆匆流逝。） 30.________ conj. 每当（________________________ 每当我遇到困难，他就帮助我。） 二、介词短语 1.________________ 与…… 相处融洽（________________________ 我们和邻居相处融洽。） 2.________________ 同意（________________________ 我同意你的观点。） 3.________________ 到处（________________________ 花儿到处开放。） 4.________________ 如此…… 以至于……（________________________ 他太累，走不动了。） 5.________________ 用…… 覆盖……（________________________ 她用一块布盖住桌子。） 6.________________ 或者…… 或者……（________________________ 要么你，要么他必须去那里。） 7.________________ 作为回报（________________________ 我送他一份礼物作为回报。） 8.________________ 把…… 记在心里（________________________ 请把这些规则记在心里。） 9.________________ 寻求建议（________________________ 你可以向老师寻求建议。） 10.________________ 做某事之后（________________________ 写完作业之后，他出去玩。） 三、动词短语 1.________________ 跑开；逃走（________________________ 小男孩飞快跑开了。） 2.________________ 四处飞翔（________________________ 鸟儿在天空四处飞翔。） 3.________________ 摧毁，拆毁（________________________ 他们拆毁旧围墙。） 4.________________ 看起来很害怕（________________________ 这只小狗看起来很害怕。） 5.________________ 通向；导致；引起（________________________ 这条路通向村庄。） 6.________________ 赠送，捐赠（________________________ 他把旧书捐赠出去。） 7.________________ 建立（________________________ 他们建立了一个新社团。） 8.________________ 回来（________________________ 你什么时候回来？） 9.________________ 后退（________________________ 请稍微往后退。） 10.________________ 就…… 争论（________________________ 他们就这件小事发生争论。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、故事描述、情感感悟句型 1. ________________________________________________________________________这是一个很大的花园，有着柔软的绿草。 2.________________________________________________________________________ 巨人已经离开了很长时间。 3. ________________________________________________________________________ 没有鸟儿，也没有花朵。 4.________________________________________________________________________秋天给其他花园都带来了金黄的果实，但巨人的花园里什么都没有。 5. ________________________________________________________________________ 一天早上，巨人突然听到鸟儿在歌唱。 6. ________________________________________________________________________我已经有段时间没听过如此美妙的鸟鸣了。 7.________________________________________________________________________树木们开心得浑身都开满了花。 8. ________________________________________________________________________ 鸟儿们四处飞翔，欢快地歌唱。 9. ________________________________________________________________________我一直以来多么自私啊！ 10.________________________________________________________________________在过去的四年里，分享让我感到快乐。 二、历史故事、哲理感悟句型 1. ________________________________________________________________________我在忙着做作业，但我最好的朋友一直在给我发短信！ 2. ________________________________________________________________________它们通常约两米宽，或者用传统的中国计量单位来说是六尺宽。 3. ________________________________________________________________________它的故事要追溯到清朝。 4. ________________________________________________________________________作为回报，他们决定做同样的事情。他们也退让了三尺。 5. ________________________________________________________________________ 于是，两家之间便形成了一条六尺宽的小巷。 6. ________________________________________________________________________自那时起，几百年过去了，这条巷子依然在那里。 7. ________________________________________________________________________ 每当他们走过这条巷子，他们就会想起善意如何激发更多的善意。 语法 现在完成时（2） 写作 与人相处 一、知识点精讲 外研版八上单元核心语法考点整理 考点1 neither 与 nor 辨析 ①　neither主要用来对两者进行否定，表示“两者都不”，强调两个个体的共性否定，后接单数形式的谓语动词。 例句：Neither of the two answers is correct. 这两个答案都不正确。 ②　nor侧重否定完一个情况之后，继续补充否定其他情况，用来连接两个或多个否定内容。 例句：He doesn’t like coffee, nor does he like tea. 他不喜欢咖啡，也不喜欢茶。 【拓展】 neither…nor… 的用法 neither 与 nor 搭配，意为“既不……也不……”，用来同时否定两个或者多个人、事物、情况。 ⚠️重点：neither…nor…结构中，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，动词形式由nor后面的主语来决定。 例句：Neither the cat nor the dog is in the house. 猫和狗都不在屋里。 考点2 lively，alive，living 与 live 辨析 1. lively 形容词，含义为“充满活力的，生气勃勃的”，可以修饰人，也可以修饰事物，在句中可以作定语或者表语。 例句：The lively music made everyone want to dance. 欢快的音乐让每个人都想跳舞。 2. alive 形容词，含义为“活着的”，修饰人或者动植物；只可以作表语、宾语补足语、后置定语，不能放在名词前面作前置定语。 例句：They were happy to find the lost dog alive. 他们很高兴发现走失的狗还活着。 3. living 形容词，含义为“活着的”，修饰人或者事物，可作表语、定语；作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 例句：There are many living things in the forest. 森林里有许多生物。 4. live 形容词，读音 /laɪv/，含义为“活的；现场直播的”，一般只作前置定语。 例句：It was a live broadcast of the football game. 那是一场足球比赛的现场直播。 考点3 allow 的用法 allow 是及物动词，意为“允许”。 1. allow + 名词/代词 例句：My parents allow me some free time at weekends. 我的父母允许我在周末有一些自由时间。 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事，主动语态 例句：Our teacher allows us to discuss in groups in class. 我们的老师允许我们在课堂上小组讨论。 3. allow doing sth. 允许做某事，后面直接接动名词，不接人作宾语 例句：The library doesn’t allow eating. 图书馆不允许吃东西。 4. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事，allow的被动结构 例句：We are allowed to use dictionaries during the English exam. 我们在英语考试中被允许使用字典。 考点4 offer 的用法 offer作动词，意为“提供，给予”，后面可以接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。 1. offer sth.to sb.= offer sb. sth. 主动给某人提供某物 例句：The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus. 这个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那个老人。 2. offer to do sth. 主动提出、自愿去做某事 例句：They offered to help in the old people’s home. 他们主动提出去养老院帮忙。 考点5 reach 的用法 · 作动词 1. 表示“到达某地”，后面直接接地点名词。 例句：We reached the park at noon. 我们中午到达了公园。 2. 表示“伸手够到”，常用搭配 reach (for) + 物品。 例句：She reached for the book on the shelf. 她伸手去够书架上的书。 3. 表示“达成目标、协议”，后面接抽象名词。 例句：They finally reached an agreement. 他们最终达成了协议。 4. 表示“联系某人”，后面接人。 例句：You can reach me by email. 你可以通过邮件联系我。 5. 表示“延伸，波及某个范围”，后接地域或者人群。 例句：The news reached every corner of the world. 消息传遍全世界。 · 作名词 含义为“波及范围，影响范围”。 固定搭配：within/out of reach 触手可及 / 够不到。 例句：Keep the medicine out of reach of children. 把药品放在孩子够不到的地方。 考点6 so that 与 so…that…辨析 1. so that：意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句，用来说明主句动作的目的。 例句：She studied hard so that she could pass the exam. 她努力学习以便能通过考试。 2. so … that …：意为“如此……以至于……”，so后面接形容词或者副词，引导结果状语从句，用来表达带来的结果。 例句：The movie was so funny that everyone was laughing loudly. 这部电影太搞笑了，以至于大家都在放声大笑。 二、核心语法精讲 一、核心语法：现在完成时（表动作持续） 1. 核心用法 表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，且未来可能继续延续，强调动作的延续性，必须搭配可延续的时间状语使用。 2. 基本句式结构 以实义动词 live 为例，结构随人称变化，第三人称单数用 has，其余人称用 have： · 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例句：I have lived in this city for 3 years. · 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他 缩写形式：haven't / hasn't 例句：She hasn't lived here since 2022. · 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ · 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. · 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. 例句：Have you known each other for a long time? 3. for 与 since 的辨析 · for：用于回答“动作持续了多久”，核心强调时长，后接时间段。常见搭配有 for 5 years、for a long time、for two months 等。 例句：I have studied English for five years. · since：用于回答“动作从什么时候开始”，核心强调动作的起点，后接具体时间点或一般过去时的从句。常见搭配有 since 2020、since last week、since I was a child 等。 例句：She has worked here since she left college. 4. 必背规则：短暂性动词与延续性动词转换 短暂性动词指动作瞬间完成、无法延续的动词，绝对不能与 for/since 引导的时间段连用，需要替换为对应的延续性表达，是考试高频易错点，常见转换如下： · 短暂性动词 buy（购买），对应延续性表达 have（拥有） 例句：I have had this bike for five years. · 短暂性动词 borrow（借入），对应延续性表达 keep（保存） 例句：You can keep the book for two weeks. · 短暂性动词 die（死亡），对应延续性表达 be dead（去世的） 例句：His grandpa has been dead for ten years. · 短暂性动词 leave（离开），对应延续性表达 be away（离开的） 例句：He has been away from home for a month. · 短暂性动词 join（加入），对应延续性表达 be in / be a member of 例句：She has been in the club since 2023. · 短暂性动词 begin/start（开始），对应延续性表达 be on（进行中） 例句：The film has been on for ten minutes. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元核心话题为人际交往与相处，围绕友谊建立、矛盾化解、日常相处原则等内容展开，是初中英语写作的高频经典话题，常以建议信、叙事短文、观点邮件等形式考查。 写作主要有三大考查方向：一是针对人际困扰（如和朋友吵架、不知如何交友）给出具体可行的建议；二是记叙自己与他人相处的经历，比如相识过程、矛盾化解、难忘的友谊事件；三是表达对友谊、相处之道的个人看法。写作核心导向是传递真诚沟通、宽容理解、主动包容的正向相处理念，写作过程中可结合本单元核心语法（现在完成时、建议句型）提升表达丰富度。 2. 写作框架 题型一：建议类作文（建议信/邮件，最常考） 适用于“给有相处困扰的人提建议”类题目，结构分为三段： 开头段：点明收到对方的困扰，表达共情，自然引出下文的建议内容。 主体段：分2-3个要点给出具体建议，每一条建议先点明做法，再补充简单的理由或效果，逻辑由浅入深。 结尾段：表达美好祝愿，希望建议能帮助对方解决问题，鼓励对方主动行动。 题型二：叙事类作文（相处经历） 适用于“记叙一次和朋友相处/和解的经历”类题目，结构分为三段： 开头段：交代人物背景，比如说明自己和对方的友谊时长（可用现在完成时体现），简要引出要叙述的事件起因。 主体段：按顺序写清事件经过——先讲矛盾产生的原因和双方的感受，再写化解矛盾的具体过程（主动沟通、道歉、互相理解等）。 结尾段：总结事件带来的感悟，点明友谊的意义，升华文章主题。 3. 写作素材 【高频短语】 · 友谊相处类： get along well with 与……相处融洽，make friends with 与……交朋友，keep a long friendship 维持长久友谊，trust each other 互相信任，communicate with 与……沟通 · 矛盾冲突类： have a fight with 和……吵架，get angry with 对……生气，hurt each other's feelings 伤害彼此的感情，a small misunderstanding 一个小误会 · 和解建议类： say sorry to 向……道歉，make up 和好，work out the problem 解决问题，be patient with 对……有耐心，think in others' shoes 换位思考 · 感受评价类： feel lonely 感到孤独，a warm-hearted person 一个热心的人，a valuable gift 一份珍贵的礼物，learn from each other 互相学习 【核心功能句型】 · 引出建议 Here is some useful advice for you. You should communicate with your friend calmly. Why not say sorry first if you make a mistake? It's a good idea to talk about your true feelings. · 描述友谊（搭配本单元现在完成时） We have been good friends for three years. I have known her since we were in Grade Seven. We have got along well with each other since we met. · 描述矛盾与和解 We had a big fight because we had different ideas. At last, we said sorry to each other and made up. We found out it was just a small misunderstanding. · 结尾升华感悟 I learn that understanding is the most important thing in friendship. True friendship needs patience and good communication. 4. 范文背诵 你的笔友Tom来信说，他和最好的朋友因为一件小事吵架了，冷战了好几天，不知道该怎么和好。请你给他写一封回信，给出合理建议。 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you have had a fight with your best friend. It's completely normal to have small problems between friends. Don't worry too much. Here is some advice for you. First, you should calm down and think about the whole thing carefully. If the fight is caused by your mistake, why not say sorry to your friend bravely? A sincere "sorry" can solve most problems. Second, you'd better communicate with your friend face to face. Talk about your true feelings, and you will understand each other better. Third, you can do something you both like together, like playing football or reading in the library. It is a relaxing way to break the ice and make up. Friendship is a valuable gift in our life. I hope my advice can help you, and you will get along well with each other soon. Yours, Li Hua 易错点01 attend、join、join in 与 take part in 易混辨析 【错因辨析】 1.attend：正式用语，意为“出席；到场”，仅强调到场参加，不突出参与活动的具体过程，后常接会议、婚礼、典礼、课程、讲座、报告等正式场合。 2.join：意为“加入”，侧重成为某个组织、团体、党派的正式一员，后接集体名词或组织名称；也可表示“加入到某人的行列中”，结构为 join sb. 3.join in：意为“参加（活动）”，多用于加入正在进行的小型活动，后常接竞赛、游戏、讨论等具体活动；也可用于 join sb. in (doing) sth. 结构，表示“加入某人一起做某事”。 4.take part in：意为“参加；参与”，多用于群众性、集体性的活动、会议、项目等，强调参与者在活动中主动发挥作用、承担事务，主语通常为人。 【助记口诀】 出席正式attend，入团入队用join， 小活动用join in，集体参与take part in。 【对点训练】 一、选词填空（每词限用一次） attend join join in take part in 1. My brother will ______ the army after graduating from high school. 2. Would you like to ______ our word game? It's very interesting. 3. All the students must ______ the grade meeting on Friday morning. 4. Lots of volunteers ______ the community volunteer project last weekend. 一、语法选择 One day, a little mouse was thirsty. She 1 everywhere for water to drink. She climbed up on a table. And she saw a bottle on the table. The mouth 2 the bottle was big. The little mouse looked inside the bottle. “Ahh, there is 3 milk in it. That’s great.” She went into it and drank. She drank and drank. After a moment, 4 drank enough. Her stomach was too big and she 5 come out of the bottle. She cried for help. Just then a cat came up to the table. When he heard the cry, the cat jumped onto the table so 6 . “You will be my nice lunch.” The little mouse was very clever 7 she thought for a moment and said, “ Brother Cat, you mustn’t roll the bottle.” “Why?” asked the cat. “I would get dizzy (头晕的),” said the mouse. The cat said that he would let her 8 quickly. So he began to roll the bottle. Suddenly, 9 bottle fell down onto the floor and broke into pieces. The little mouse ran away as 10 as she could. When the cat jumped off the table and ran after her, the mouse had already gone into her home. 1．A．look B．looked C．looks 2．A．of B．in C．with 3．A．little B．a little C．few 4．A．she B．her C．hers 5．A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t 6．A．happy B．happiness C．happily 7．A．but B．or C．and 8．A．dying B．die C．to die 9．A．an B．a C．the 10．A．fast B．faster C．fastest 二、补全对话 根据对话内容，从方框中选择合适的选项补全对话。（其中有两项是多余的） A: Hello, may I speak to John? B: Hello. 1 You sound a little sad. Why? A: Yes, I feel very sad. I hope you can help me. B: Don’t worry. How can I help you? A: 2 B: Oh, what happened to you? A: I got bad grades in the exam. 3 So I ran away from my home. B: Tell me whether you tried your best. If you did so, you should tell her. A: Yes. 4 I don’t know what to do now. B: First of all, you shouldn’t run away from home. 5 And you should promise to work harder. A: I see. I’ll talk to her and ask her for some useful suggestions. Thanks a lot. B: No problem. Bye. A: Bye. A．I have a problem with my mother. B．Can you leave a message? C．I explained to her that I did my best, but she refused to listen to me. D．Would you please ask him to give me a call? E．Be patient with her and tell her you will find out the reason. F．This is John speaking. G．My mother blamed (责备) me because she thought I didn’t work hard. 三、阅读理解 （一） We surveyed 1,000 people to figure out how Americans truly feel about small talk. Here’s what we discovered. How do Americans Really Feel About Small Talk? If you dislike small talk, you aren’t alone. About 67% of Americans find small talk embarrassing. 70% of Americans would like to sit quietly and don’t talk with others for no special reason. Where do Americans Make the Most Small Talk? 1. Retail (零售) stores 62% 2. Groceries (食品杂货店) 51% 3. Workplaces 51% Why do Americans Make Small Talk? Half of Americans make small talk because of politeness (礼貌) . Reason Age Group Percentage To avoid embarrassment Older 21% Younger 44% To learn about other people Older 23% Younger 7% Who do Americans Make the Most and the Least Small Talk with? Americans Like Making Small Talk With Americans Dislike Making Small Talk With Friends: 69% Strangers: 58% Family: 62% Retail workers: 46% Workmates: 51% Restaurant workers: 41% The Worst Small Talk Topics, According to Americans 1. Sports 2. Recent events 3. Work 1．What do most Americans think of small talk? A．It’s simple. B．It’s necessary. C．It’s useful. D．It’s embarrassing. 2．Which group do Americans dislike making small talk with the most? A．Strangers. B．Retail workers. C．Workmates. D．Restaurant workers. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about the survey? A．Americans make the most small talk in their workplaces. B．Few Americans enjoy making small talk with their family. C．Many young Americans want to learn about others. D．Americans actually don’t want to talk about work. 4．Tom is planning a party and wants people to feel comfortable. Who should he let sit together based on the survey? A．Two people who are friends. B．A friend and a restaurant worker he invited. C．People from different families. D．Workmates from the same office. 5．What is the main purpose of the reading? A．To show the importance of small talk in America. B．To give information about small talk in America. C．To teach people how to make small talk with Americans. D．To encourage more people to make small talk with Americans. （二） How to Build a Good Friendship Friendship is one of the most important things in our lives. Here are some tips to help you build and keep a good friendship. First, be honest. Honesty is the foundation of any good relationship. If you tell lies to your friend, he or she will never trust you again. Second, be a good listener. When your friend is talking to you, pay attention and don’t interrupt. Let them share their feelings and problems, and offer help if they need it. Third, spend time together. You don’t have to do expensive things. Even a walk in the park or watching a movie together can help you get closer. Fourth, respect each other. Everyone has their own opinions and habits. Don’t laugh at your friend’s choices, even if you don’t agree with them. Finally, forgive mistakes. No one is perfect. If your friend makes a mistake, try to understand and forgive them. Holding grudges will only break your friendship. 1．What is the foundation of a good friendship? A．Honesty. B．Listening. C．Respect. D．Forgiveness. 2．When your friend is talking, you should ________. A．interrupt them B．pay attention C．change the topic D．leave them alone 3．Which of the following is a cheap way to spend time with friends? A．Going to a fancy restaurant. B．Traveling to another city. C．Walking in the park. D．Buying expensive gifts. 4．What does the underlined word “grudges” mean? A．善意 B．怨恨 C．理解 D．支持 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to make new friends. B．How to keep a good friendship. C．Why friendship is important. D．What a good friend is like. （三） Teenagers and Friendship For teenagers, friendship is very important. They often spend more time with friends than with their family. But some teenagers have problems getting along with their friends. One common problem is jealousy. When a friend makes a new friend, some teenagers feel left out. They think their friend doesn’t like them anymore. This can lead to fights. Another problem is communication. Many teenagers don’t know how to talk about their feelings. When they have disagreements, they often shout or stop talking instead of discussing calmly. Also, some teenagers have trouble keeping secrets. If a friend tells them a secret, they might tell others without thinking. This breaks trust and can end the friendship. To solve these problems, teenagers should learn to communicate openly, respect each other’s feelings, and be honest. They should also remember that it’s okay to have other friends, and true friendship means supporting each other. 1．Why is friendship important for teenagers? A．They spend more time with friends than family. B．Friends can help them with schoolwork. C．Friends are better than family. D．They don’t like their family. 2．What is one common problem among teenagers and their friends? A．Being honest. B．Jealousy. C．Listening to others. D．Forgiving mistakes. 3．When teenagers have disagreements, they often ________. A．discuss calmly B．talk about their feelings C．shout or stop talking D．ask for advice 4．What will happen if a teenager tells others their friend’s secret? A．They will make more friends. B．The friendship will end. C．The friend will trust them more. D．They will get popular. 5．How can teenagers solve friendship problems? A．By keeping secrets from friends. B．By shouting at friends. C．By communicating openly. D．By leaving friends alone. 四、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，完成表格，每空限填一词。 Different people have different opinions. This is very common. When you disagree with others, do you know how to deal with disagreement? Here’s some advice. Wait and listen to others. Why not wait and listen to others’ ideas first? If you do that, you will understand them better. It will also help keep the conversation going well. Express yourself in a polite way. You should express yourself in a polite way when you disagree with others. You can start with these sentences, such as “I understand what you mean. But I’m afraid I can’t agree with you. What do you think about…instead?” Pay attention to your body language. As we know, body language is very important when you are communicating with others. Never cross your arms or point at others while expressing your opinions. Value your friendship. Friendship is valuable. Don’t hurt your friends’ feelings when you show your opinions. When your friendship is broken, you may lose your friends. Learn from different good opinions. You may learn new things from other people. Think of others’ different opinions carefully, and you may find something good or useful. It’s a good chance for you to learn from them, and you can improve yourself quickly. Some 1 on how to deal with disagreement Understand 2 ideas better and keep the conversation going well. Communicate with others 3 . Don’t cross your arms or point at others while expressing your opinions. Don’t 4 your friends’ feelings. Learn 5 or useful things from different opinions. 五、选词填空 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内选出适当的单词，将其正确形式填入空白处，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框内有两个词为多余项。 he  good  quiet  arrive  reach  pleasant  day  she  interest  touch  give  describe “Look at him. His hair is different from ours!” “Their English is much 1 than ours, but can they speak Chinese?” This month was very special. Students from the International School of San Francisco were in our school. We invited them to many classes, such as cooking class, art class, music class, and so on. They took part in many 2 activities in a Chinese way. Pauline was one of them. 3 favourite class was music class. She learned a song called Mo Li Hua. At first, she was shy and sang the song 4 . With the teacher’s help, she could sing it by herself. This song is a traditional one from the Qing Dynasty in ancient China. The words “What a beautiful jasmine flower, sweet and fragrant, full of blossoms... ” 5 her most. In a music class, Pauline was excited 6 the music teacher’s beautiful dance. Zhang Ming was my classmate. He had a chance to spend a few 7 with Leo at his home. The American boy’s 8 brought Zhang Ming’s family so much happiness. “I can talk with him, and we give nice gifts to each other with 9 . Leo is the smartest and the friendliest boy in my heart. Whenever I have difficulty, he will stand by my side and 10 me strength, ” said Zhang Ming. Leo let Zhang Ming know the saying, “Friendship is everywhere. ” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Getting along 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、分享与自私： 1. selfish adj.自私的（It’s selfish of you to take all the cakes. 你把蛋糕都拿走太自私了。） 2. giant n.巨人（The giant lives in a big garden. 巨人住在一座大花园里。） 3. shout v.大喊，喊叫（Please don’t shout at others. 请不要对别人大喊大叫。） 4. build v.建造（过去式/过去分词 built）（They will build a new house here. 他们将要在这里建一座新房子。） 5. nor conj.也不（He can’t swim, nor can he skate. 他不会游泳，也不会滑冰。） 6. hole n.洞，孔（There is a hole in the wall. 墙上有一个洞。） 7. glad adj.高兴的（I’m glad to meet you. 我很高兴见到你。） 8. knock v.碰撞；碰倒（Don’t knock the cup off the table. 别把杯子碰下桌子。） 9. afraid adj.害怕的（Most kids are afraid of dark. 大多数孩子害怕黑暗。） 10. fear v.害怕，担心（Many people fear failure. 很多人害怕失败。） 11. double adj.双倍的（He gets double pay today. 他今天拿到双倍工资。） 12. similar adj.相似的（Our hobbies are similar. 我们的爱好很相似。） 13. message n.要旨，寓意（What is the message of the story? 这个故事的寓意是什么？） 14. action n.情节；行为（There is lots of action in this story. 这个故事情节丰富。） 15. climax n.高潮（This part is the climax of the story. 这一部分是故事的高潮。） 16. return v.返回（He will return home next week. 他下周将要回家。） 17. lively adj.充满活力的（She is a lively girl. 她是一个充满活力的女孩。） 18. theirs pron.他们的，她们的（This is not our room. It’s theirs. 这不是我们的房间，是他们的。） 19. priceless adj.极其贵重的；无价的（True friendship is priceless. 真挚的友谊是无价的。） 20. past adj.以前的，过去的（In the past years, he changed a lot. 在过去几年，他变化很大。） 21. recently adv.最近，近来（I haven’t seen him recently. 我最近没有见过他。） 22. stressed adj.焦虑的，紧张的（You look stressed after the exam. 考完试你看起来很焦虑。） 23. stress n.压力，紧张（Too much stress is bad for health. 过多压力对健康有害。） 24. offer v.提供，给予（He offers me some useful advice. 他给我提供一些有用建议。） 25. quite adv.很；较为（It is quite cold today. 今天天气很冷。） 26. gate n.大门（Please wait for me at the gate. 请在大门口等我。） 二、邻里相处 ： 1. discuss v.商讨，谈论，讨论（We will discuss this problem after class. 我们课后将讨论这个问题。） 2. ticket n.票，入场券（I buy a movie ticket online. 我在网上买一张电影票。） 3. guess v.猜，猜测（Can you guess my age? 你能猜出我的年龄吗？） 4. suggestion n.建议，提议（Thank you for your useful suggestion. 谢谢你宝贵的建议。） 5. explain v.解释，说明（Please explain this rule to me. 请给我解释这条规则。） 6. true adj.真正的；truly adv.真正地 （This is a true story. 这是一个真实的故事。I truly believe you. 我真心相信你。） 7. respect v.尊重，顾及（We should respect our neighbours. 我们应当尊重邻居。） 8. narrow adj.狭窄的（反义词 wide adj.宽的，宽阔的）（This is a narrow street. 这是一条狭窄的街道。） 9. lane n.巷（An old man lives in the small lane. 一位老人住在这条小巷里。） 10. common adj.常见的，普遍的（This kind of bird is very common here. 这种鸟在这里很常见。） 11. unit n.计量单位（Metre is a unit of length. 米是一种长度计量单位。） 12. perhaps adv.可能，大概，也许（Perhaps he will come tomorrow. 也许他明天会来。） 13. argue v.争论，争吵（Don’t argue with your classmates. 不要和同学争吵。） 14. divide v.（把……）分开（Divide the cake into four pieces. 把蛋糕分成四份。） 15. reach v.实现，达成（We hope to reach an agreement. 我们希望达成一致。） 16. agreement n.（意见的）一致，相合（They finally reach an agreement. 他们最终达成一致。） 17. relative n.家人；亲戚（I often visit my relatives in holidays. 我假期经常拜访亲戚。） 18. government n.政府（The government helps poor families. 政府帮扶贫困家庭。） 19. poem n.诗；韵文（She writes a short poem. 她写了一首短诗。） 20. inside adv.在里面（Please come inside. 请进到里面来。） 21. neighbour n.邻居（My neighbour is very friendly. 我的邻居十分友善。） 22. drift v.不知不觉地转变（Our ideas drift slowly. 我们的想法慢慢发生转变。） 23. ashamed adj.羞耻的，内疚的（He felt ashamed for his mistake. 他为自己的错误感到羞愧。） 24. step v.跨步，迈步（Please step forward. 请向前迈步。） 25. act n.行为，行动（It is a kind act. 这是一个善意的举动。） 26. same adj.相同的（We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。） 27. another det.另一，又一（Please give me another pen. 请再给我一支笔。） 28. pass v.过去，流逝（Time passes quickly. 时光匆匆流逝。） 29. whenever conj.每当（Whenever I meet trouble, he helps me. 每当我遇到困难，他就帮助我。） 短 语 一、动词固定搭配（非谓语doing/to do） 1. hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事 （I hear someone singing in the room. 我听见有人正在房间唱歌。） 2. hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事 （I often hear him read English. 我经常听见他读英语。） 3. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 （I hope to visit the garden one day. 我希望有一天参观这座花园。） 4. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 （We plan to take a walk after dinner. 我们计划晚饭后散步。） 5. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 （The story makes me think a lot. 这个故事让我思考很多。） 6. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 （She enjoys reading story‑books. 她喜欢读故事书。） 7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事 （He keeps practising every day. 他每天坚持练习。） 8. be busy with sth. 忙于某事 （My mum is busy with housework. 妈妈正忙于家务。） 9. be excited about doing sth. 做某事很兴奋 （He is excited about joining the club. 对于加入俱乐部，他很兴奋。） 10. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 （They decide to help each other. 他们决定互相帮助。） 11. give up doing 放弃做某事 （Don’t give up trying. 不要放弃尝试。） 二、介词短语 1. get along with 与……相处融洽 （We get along with our neighbours well. 我们和邻居相处融洽。） 2. agree with 同意 （I agree with your opinion. 我同意你的观点。） 3. here and there 到处 （Flowers come out here and there. 花儿到处开放。） 4. so…that… 如此……以至于…… （He is so tired that he can’t walk further. 他太累，走不动了。） 5. cover…with… 用……覆盖…… （She covers the table with a cloth. 她用一块布盖住桌子。） 6. either…or… 或者……或者…… （Either you or he has to go there. 要么你，要么他必须去那里。） 7. in return 作为回报 （I give him a gift in return. 我送他一份礼物作为回报。） 8. keep…in mind 把……记在心里 （Please keep these rules in mind. 请把这些规则记在心里。） 9. ask for advice 寻求建议 （You can ask your teacher for advice. 你可以向老师寻求建议。） 10. after doing sth. 做某事之后 （After finishing homework, he goes out to play. 写完作业之后，他出去玩。） 三、动词短语 1. run away 跑开；逃走 （The little boy ran away quickly. 小男孩飞快跑开了。） 2. fly about 四处飞翔 （Birds fly about in the sky. 鸟儿在天空四处飞翔。） 3. knock down 摧毁，拆毁 （They knock down the old wall. 他们拆毁旧围墙。） 4. look afraid 看起来很害怕 （The little dog looks afraid. 这只小狗看起来很害怕。） 5. lead to 通向；导致；引起 （This road leads to the village. 这条路通向村庄。） 6. give away 赠送，捐赠 （He gives away his old books. 他把旧书捐赠出去。） 7. set up 建立 （They set up a new club. 他们建立了一个新社团。） 8. come back 回来 （When will you come back? 你什么时候回来？） 9. step back 后退 （Please step back a little. 请稍微往后退。） 10. argue over 就……争论 （They argue over the small thing. 他们就这件小事发生争论。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、故事描述、情感感悟句型 1. It is a large garden with soft, green grass. 这是一个很大的花园，有着柔软的绿草。 2. The Giant has been away for a long time. 巨人已经离开了很长时间。 3. There are no birds or flowers. 没有鸟儿，也没有花朵。 4. Autumn gives golden fruit to every other garden. But it gives none to the Giant’s garden. 秋天给其他花园都带来了金黄的果实，但巨人的花园里什么都没有。 5. One morning, the Giant suddenly hears birds singing. 一天早上，巨人突然听到鸟儿在歌唱。 6. I haven’t heard that beautiful birdsong for a while. 我已经有段时间没听过如此美妙的鸟鸣了。 7. And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. 树木们开心得浑身都开满了花。 8. The birds fly about and sing with joy. 鸟儿们四处飞翔，欢快地歌唱。 9. How selfish I’ve been! 我一直以来多么自私啊！ 10. Sharing has made me feel happy for the past four years. 在过去的四年里，分享让我感到快乐。 二、历史故事、哲理感悟句型 1. I’m busy with my homework but my best friend keeps texting me! 我在忙着做作业，但我最好的朋友一直在给我发短信！ 2. They are usually about two metres wide, or six chi in traditional Chinese units. 它们通常约两米宽，或者用传统的中国计量单位来说是六尺宽。 3. Its story started back in the Qing Dynasty. 它的故事要追溯到清朝。 4. In return, they decided to do the same thing. They gave up another three chi. 作为回报，他们决定做同样的事情。他们也退让了三尺。 5. And so came the six‑chi‑wide lane between the two houses. 于是，两家之间便形成了一条六尺宽的小巷。 6. Hundreds of years have passed since then, and the lane is still there. 自那时起，几百年过去了，这条巷子依然在那里。 7. Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness. 每当他们走过这条巷子，他们就会想起善意如何激发更多的善意。 语法 现在完成时（2） 写作 与人相处 一、知识点精讲 外研版八上单元核心语法考点整理 考点1 neither 与 nor 辨析 ①　neither主要用来对两者进行否定，表示“两者都不”，强调两个个体的共性否定，后接单数形式的谓语动词。 例句：Neither of the two answers is correct. 这两个答案都不正确。 ②　nor侧重否定完一个情况之后，继续补充否定其他情况，用来连接两个或多个否定内容。 例句：He doesn’t like coffee, nor does he like tea. 他不喜欢咖啡，也不喜欢茶。 【拓展】 neither…nor… 的用法 neither 与 nor 搭配，意为“既不……也不……”，用来同时否定两个或者多个人、事物、情况。 ⚠️重点：neither…nor…结构中，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，动词形式由nor后面的主语来决定。 例句：Neither the cat nor the dog is in the house. 猫和狗都不在屋里。 考点2 lively，alive，living 与 live 辨析 1. lively 形容词，含义为“充满活力的，生气勃勃的”，可以修饰人，也可以修饰事物，在句中可以作定语或者表语。 例句：The lively music made everyone want to dance. 欢快的音乐让每个人都想跳舞。 2. alive 形容词，含义为“活着的”，修饰人或者动植物；只可以作表语、宾语补足语、后置定语，不能放在名词前面作前置定语。 例句：They were happy to find the lost dog alive. 他们很高兴发现走失的狗还活着。 3. living 形容词，含义为“活着的”，修饰人或者事物，可作表语、定语；作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 例句：There are many living things in the forest. 森林里有许多生物。 4. live 形容词，读音 /laɪv/，含义为“活的；现场直播的”，一般只作前置定语。 例句：It was a live broadcast of the football game. 那是一场足球比赛的现场直播。 考点3 allow 的用法 allow 是及物动词，意为“允许”。 1. allow + 名词/代词 例句：My parents allow me some free time at weekends. 我的父母允许我在周末有一些自由时间。 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事，主动语态 例句：Our teacher allows us to discuss in groups in class. 我们的老师允许我们在课堂上小组讨论。 3. allow doing sth. 允许做某事，后面直接接动名词，不接人作宾语 例句：The library doesn’t allow eating. 图书馆不允许吃东西。 4. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事，allow的被动结构 例句：We are allowed to use dictionaries during the English exam. 我们在英语考试中被允许使用字典。 考点4 offer 的用法 offer作动词，意为“提供，给予”，后面可以接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。 1. offer sth.to sb.= offer sb. sth. 主动给某人提供某物 例句：The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus. 这个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那个老人。 2. offer to do sth. 主动提出、自愿去做某事 例句：They offered to help in the old people’s home. 他们主动提出去养老院帮忙。 考点5 reach 的用法 · 作动词 1. 表示“到达某地”，后面直接接地点名词。 例句：We reached the park at noon. 我们中午到达了公园。 2. 表示“伸手够到”，常用搭配 reach (for) + 物品。 例句：She reached for the book on the shelf. 她伸手去够书架上的书。 3. 表示“达成目标、协议”，后面接抽象名词。 例句：They finally reached an agreement. 他们最终达成了协议。 4. 表示“联系某人”，后面接人。 例句：You can reach me by email. 你可以通过邮件联系我。 5. 表示“延伸，波及某个范围”，后接地域或者人群。 例句：The news reached every corner of the world. 消息传遍全世界。 · 作名词 含义为“波及范围，影响范围”。 固定搭配：within/out of reach 触手可及 / 够不到。 例句：Keep the medicine out of reach of children. 把药品放在孩子够不到的地方。 考点6 so that 与 so…that…辨析 1. so that：意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句，用来说明主句动作的目的。 例句：She studied hard so that she could pass the exam. 她努力学习以便能通过考试。 2. so … that …：意为“如此……以至于……”，so后面接形容词或者副词，引导结果状语从句，用来表达带来的结果。 例句：The movie was so funny that everyone was laughing loudly. 这部电影太搞笑了，以至于大家都在放声大笑。 二、核心语法精讲 一、核心语法：现在完成时（表动作持续） 1. 核心用法 表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，且未来可能继续延续，强调动作的延续性，必须搭配可延续的时间状语使用。 2. 基本句式结构 以实义动词 live 为例，结构随人称变化，第三人称单数用 has，其余人称用 have： · 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例句：I have lived in this city for 3 years. · 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他 缩写形式：haven't / hasn't 例句：She hasn't lived here since 2022. · 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ · 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. · 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. 例句：Have you known each other for a long time? 3. for 与 since 的辨析 · for：用于回答“动作持续了多久”，核心强调时长，后接时间段。常见搭配有 for 5 years、for a long time、for two months 等。 例句：I have studied English for five years. · since：用于回答“动作从什么时候开始”，核心强调动作的起点，后接具体时间点或一般过去时的从句。常见搭配有 since 2020、since last week、since I was a child 等。 例句：She has worked here since she left college. 4. 必背规则：短暂性动词与延续性动词转换 短暂性动词指动作瞬间完成、无法延续的动词，绝对不能与 for/since 引导的时间段连用，需要替换为对应的延续性表达，是考试高频易错点，常见转换如下： · 短暂性动词 buy（购买），对应延续性表达 have（拥有） 例句：I have had this bike for five years. · 短暂性动词 borrow（借入），对应延续性表达 keep（保存） 例句：You can keep the book for two weeks. · 短暂性动词 die（死亡），对应延续性表达 be dead（去世的） 例句：His grandpa has been dead for ten years. · 短暂性动词 leave（离开），对应延续性表达 be away（离开的） 例句：He has been away from home for a month. · 短暂性动词 join（加入），对应延续性表达 be in / be a member of 例句：She has been in the club since 2023. · 短暂性动词 begin/start（开始），对应延续性表达 be on（进行中） 例句：The film has been on for ten minutes. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元核心话题为人际交往与相处，围绕友谊建立、矛盾化解、日常相处原则等内容展开，是初中英语写作的高频经典话题，常以建议信、叙事短文、观点邮件等形式考查。 写作主要有三大考查方向：一是针对人际困扰（如和朋友吵架、不知如何交友）给出具体可行的建议；二是记叙自己与他人相处的经历，比如相识过程、矛盾化解、难忘的友谊事件；三是表达对友谊、相处之道的个人看法。写作核心导向是传递真诚沟通、宽容理解、主动包容的正向相处理念，写作过程中可结合本单元核心语法（现在完成时、建议句型）提升表达丰富度。 2. 写作框架 题型一：建议类作文（建议信/邮件，最常考） 适用于“给有相处困扰的人提建议”类题目，结构分为三段： 开头段：点明收到对方的困扰，表达共情，自然引出下文的建议内容。 主体段：分2-3个要点给出具体建议，每一条建议先点明做法，再补充简单的理由或效果，逻辑由浅入深。 结尾段：表达美好祝愿，希望建议能帮助对方解决问题，鼓励对方主动行动。 题型二：叙事类作文（相处经历） 适用于“记叙一次和朋友相处/和解的经历”类题目，结构分为三段： 开头段：交代人物背景，比如说明自己和对方的友谊时长（可用现在完成时体现），简要引出要叙述的事件起因。 主体段：按顺序写清事件经过——先讲矛盾产生的原因和双方的感受，再写化解矛盾的具体过程（主动沟通、道歉、互相理解等）。 结尾段：总结事件带来的感悟，点明友谊的意义，升华文章主题。 3. 写作素材 【高频短语】 · 友谊相处类： get along well with 与……相处融洽，make friends with 与……交朋友，keep a long friendship 维持长久友谊，trust each other 互相信任，communicate with 与……沟通 · 矛盾冲突类： have a fight with 和……吵架，get angry with 对……生气，hurt each other's feelings 伤害彼此的感情，a small misunderstanding 一个小误会 · 和解建议类： say sorry to 向……道歉，make up 和好，work out the problem 解决问题，be patient with 对……有耐心，think in others' shoes 换位思考 · 感受评价类： feel lonely 感到孤独，a warm-hearted person 一个热心的人，a valuable gift 一份珍贵的礼物，learn from each other 互相学习 【核心功能句型】 · 引出建议 Here is some useful advice for you. You should communicate with your friend calmly. Why not say sorry first if you make a mistake? It's a good idea to talk about your true feelings. · 描述友谊（搭配本单元现在完成时） We have been good friends for three years. I have known her since we were in Grade Seven. We have got along well with each other since we met. · 描述矛盾与和解 We had a big fight because we had different ideas. At last, we said sorry to each other and made up. We found out it was just a small misunderstanding. · 结尾升华感悟 I learn that understanding is the most important thing in friendship. True friendship needs patience and good communication. 4. 范文背诵 你的笔友Tom来信说，他和最好的朋友因为一件小事吵架了，冷战了好几天，不知道该怎么和好。请你给他写一封回信，给出合理建议。 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you have had a fight with your best friend. It's completely normal to have small problems between friends. Don't worry too much. Here is some advice for you. First, you should calm down and think about the whole thing carefully. If the fight is caused by your mistake, why not say sorry to your friend bravely? A sincere "sorry" can solve most problems. Second, you'd better communicate with your friend face to face. Talk about your true feelings, and you will understand each other better. Third, you can do something you both like together, like playing football or reading in the library. It is a relaxing way to break the ice and make up. Friendship is a valuable gift in our life. I hope my advice can help you, and you will get along well with each other soon. Yours, Li Hua 易错点01 attend、join、join in 与 take part in 易混辨析 【错因辨析】 1.attend：正式用语，意为“出席；到场”，仅强调到场参加，不突出参与活动的具体过程，后常接会议、婚礼、典礼、课程、讲座、报告等正式场合。 2.join：意为“加入”，侧重成为某个组织、团体、党派的正式一员，后接集体名词或组织名称；也可表示“加入到某人的行列中”，结构为 join sb. 3.join in：意为“参加（活动）”，多用于加入正在进行的小型活动，后常接竞赛、游戏、讨论等具体活动；也可用于 join sb. in (doing) sth. 结构，表示“加入某人一起做某事”。 4.take part in：意为“参加；参与”，多用于群众性、集体性的活动、会议、项目等，强调参与者在活动中主动发挥作用、承担事务，主语通常为人。 【助记口诀】 出席正式attend，入团入队用join， 小活动用join in，集体参与take part in。 【对点训练】 一、选词填空（每词限用一次） attend join join in take part in 1. My brother will ______ the army after graduating from high school. 2. Would you like to ______ our word game? It's very interesting. 3. All the students must ______ the grade meeting on Friday morning. 4. Lots of volunteers ______ the community volunteer project last weekend. 【答案】 1. join。 2. join in。 3. attend 4. took part in 【解析】 1.army（军队）属于组织团体，“参军”是成为军队的一员，用join。 2. word game（单词游戏）是小型活动，加入正在进行的活动用join in。 3. grade meeting（年级会议）是正式场合，侧重出席到场，用attend。 4. volunteer project（志愿项目）是集体性活动，强调参与并发挥作用；结合last weekend用过去式took part in。 用take part in。 一、语法选择 One day, a little mouse was thirsty. She 1 everywhere for water to drink. She climbed up on a table. And she saw a bottle on the table. The mouth 2 the bottle was big. The little mouse looked inside the bottle. “Ahh, there is 3 milk in it. That’s great.” She went into it and drank. She drank and drank. After a moment, 4 drank enough. Her stomach was too big and she 5 come out of the bottle. She cried for help. Just then a cat came up to the table. When he heard the cry, the cat jumped onto the table so 6 . “You will be my nice lunch.” The little mouse was very clever 7 she thought for a moment and said, “ Brother Cat, you mustn’t roll the bottle.” “Why?” asked the cat. “I would get dizzy (头晕的),” said the mouse. The cat said that he would let her 8 quickly. So he began to roll the bottle. Suddenly, 9 bottle fell down onto the floor and broke into pieces. The little mouse ran away as 10 as she could. When the cat jumped off the table and ran after her, the mouse had already gone into her home. 1．A．look B．looked C．looks 2．A．of B．in C．with 3．A．little B．a little C．few 4．A．she B．her C．hers 5．A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t 6．A．happy B．happiness C．happily 7．A．but B．or C．and 8．A．dying B．die C．to die 9．A．an B．a C．the 10．A．fast B．faster C．fastest 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只小老鼠偷喝牛奶，但是被猫发现，最后通过自己的机智顺利逃脱的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：她四处看了看，寻找能喝的水。 look动词原形；looked过去式；looks第三人称单数。根据“One day, a little mouse was thirsty.”以及全文时态可知，本句应用一般过去时，故选B。 2．句意：瓶子的瓶嘴很大。 of属于……的；in在……内部；with和。根据“The mouth...the bottle was big.”可知，此处表示瓶子的瓶嘴，用of表示所属关系，意为“的”，故选A。 3．句意：啊，里面有一点牛奶。 little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。根据“She went into it and drank.”可知瓶子里确实有牛奶，且横线后milk为不可数名词，故选B。 4．句意：一会之后，她喝够了。 she她，人称代词主格；her她的，形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词。根据“...drank enough”可知，本句缺少主语，结合选项可知应用人称代词主格，故选A。 5．句意：她的肚子太大了，并且她不能从瓶子里出来。 wouldn’t不会；mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不能。根据“Her stomach was too big”可知，肚子太大导致不能出来，故选C。 6．句意：这只猫听到哭声后，高兴地跳上桌子。 happy快乐的，形容词；happiness快乐，名词；happily快乐地，副词。根据“the cat jumped onto the table so...”可知本句结构完整，空格处缺少副词修饰动词jump，故选C。 7．句意：这只小老鼠非常聪明，并且她想了一会说：“猫哥，你千万别滚瓶子。” but但是；or或者；and并且。根据“The little mouse was very clever...she thought for a moment and said...”可知小老鼠很聪明，想了一会就找到了逃脱的办法，空格处应用and表示承接关系，故选C。 8．句意：猫说他会让她死的快点。 dying死，动名词或现在分词形式；die死，动词原形；to die死，不定式。根据“let her...quickly”可知，此处考查固定搭配let sb. do sth.，意为“让某人做某事”，故选B。 9．句意：突然，瓶子掉到了地上摔成了碎片。 an一个，不定冠词，用于元音音素前；a一个，不定冠词，用于辅音音素前；the这个，定冠词。根据“...bottle fell down onto the floor and broke into pieces”可知此处应用定冠词the，特指小老鼠被困的瓶子，故选C。 10．句意：小老鼠尽可能快地跑走了。 fast快，形容词或副词；faster更快，比较级；fastest最快，最高级。根据“as...as she could”可知此处考查固定搭配as...as sb can/could，意为“尽可能……”，两个as中间应用形容词或副词原级。故选A。 二、补全对话 根据对话内容，从方框中选择合适的选项补全对话。（其中有两项是多余的） A: Hello, may I speak to John? B: Hello. 1 You sound a little sad. Why? A: Yes, I feel very sad. I hope you can help me. B: Don’t worry. How can I help you? A: 21 B: Oh, what happened to you? A: I got bad grades in the exam. 3 So I ran away from my home. B: Tell me whether you tried your best. If you did so, you should tell her. A: Yes. 4 I don’t know what to do now. B: First of all, you shouldn’t run away from home. 5 And you should promise to work harder. A: I see. I’ll talk to her and ask her for some useful suggestions. Thanks a lot. B: No problem. Bye. A: Bye. A．I have a problem with my mother. B．Can you leave a message? C．I explained to her that I did my best, but she refused to listen to me. D．Would you please ask him to give me a call? E．Be patient with her and tell her you will find out the reason. F．This is John speaking. G．My mother blamed (责备) me because she thought I didn’t work hard. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．G 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文是A和B的对话，A考试考砸了，与妈妈沟通时有问题，离家出走后打电话向B求助，B为其提出了相应的建议。 1．根据上文“Hello, may I speak to John?”和下文“You sound a little sad. Why?”可知B是在接电话，且B就是John。选项F“我就是John。”符合语境。故选F。 2．根据上文“How can I help you?”及下文“Oh, what happened to you?”可知，A在向B求助，此处应是在陈述问题。选项A“我和妈妈发生了矛盾。”符合语境。故选A。 3．根据上文“I got bad grades in the exam.”和下文“So I ran away from my home.”可知，A考试考砸了离家出走了，说明此处应是受到了妈妈的责骂，和妈妈起了冲突。选项G“我妈妈责骂我，因为她觉得我没有努力。”符合语境。故选G。 4．根据上文“Tell me whether you tried your best. If you did so, you should tell her.”和下文“Yes.”可知，B建议A和妈妈解释说已经尽力了，A也确实这样做了。选项C“我和她解释说我尽力了，但她不听我的。”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据“First of all, you shouldn’t run away from home.…And you should promise to work harder.”可知此处B在给A提出和妈妈沟通的建议。选项E“对她要有耐心，告诉她你会找出原因的。”符合语境。故选E。 三、阅读理解 （一） We surveyed 1,000 people to figure out how Americans truly feel about small talk. Here’s what we discovered. How do Americans Really Feel About Small Talk? If you dislike small talk, you aren’t alone. About 67% of Americans find small talk embarrassing. 70% of Americans would like to sit quietly and don’t talk with others for no special reason. Where do Americans Make the Most Small Talk? 1. Retail (零售) stores 62% 2. Groceries (食品杂货店) 51% 3. Workplaces 51% Why do Americans Make Small Talk? Half of Americans make small talk because of politeness (礼貌) . Reason Age Group Percentage To avoid embarrassment Older 21% Younger 44% To learn about other people Older 23% Younger 7% Who do Americans Make the Most and the Least Small Talk with? Americans Like Making Small Talk With Americans Dislike Making Small Talk With Friends: 69% Strangers: 58% Family: 62% Retail workers: 46% Workmates: 51% Restaurant workers: 41% The Worst Small Talk Topics, According to Americans 1. Sports 2. Recent events 3. Work 1．What do most Americans think of small talk? A．It’s simple. B．It’s necessary. C．It’s useful. D．It’s embarrassing. 2．Which group do Americans dislike making small talk with the most? A．Strangers. B．Retail workers. C．Workmates. D．Restaurant workers. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about the survey? A．Americans make the most small talk in their workplaces. B．Few Americans enjoy making small talk with their family. C．Many young Americans want to learn about others. D．Americans actually don’t want to talk about work. 4．Tom is planning a party and wants people to feel comfortable. Who should he let sit together based on the survey? A．Two people who are friends. B．A friend and a restaurant worker he invited. C．People from different families. D．Workmates from the same office. 5．What is the main purpose of the reading? A．To show the importance of small talk in America. B．To give information about small talk in America. C．To teach people how to make small talk with Americans. D．To encourage more people to make small talk with Americans. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文展示了一项针对1000名美国人的调查结果，围绕美国人对闲聊的看法、闲聊高发场所、闲聊动机、闲聊对象以及不受欢迎的闲聊话题展开数据呈现。 【详解】 1． 第二段句子“About 67% of Americans find small talk embarrassing.”表明大多数美国人认为闲聊令人尴尬。 2．表格“Americans Dislike Making Small Talk With”中显示Strangers占比58%，比例最高，美国人最不喜欢和陌生人闲聊。 3．文末表格标题“The Worst Small Talk Topics, According to Americans”列出话题包含Work，说明美国人实际上不喜欢谈论工作。 4．表格“Americans Like Making Small Talk With”中Friends占比69%，比例最高，朋友之间更容易轻松交谈，适合安排坐在一起。 5．开篇句子“We surveyed 1,000 people to figure out how Americans truly feel about small talk. Here’s what we discovered.”，全文罗列各项调查数据，提供和美国人闲聊相关的各类信息。 （二） How to Build a Good Friendship Friendship is one of the most important things in our lives. Here are some tips to help you build and keep a good friendship. First, be honest. Honesty is the foundation of any good relationship. If you tell lies to your friend, he or she will never trust you again. Second, be a good listener. When your friend is talking to you, pay attention and don’t interrupt. Let them share their feelings and problems, and offer help if they need it. Third, spend time together. You don’t have to do expensive things. Even a walk in the park or watching a movie together can help you get closer. Fourth, respect each other. Everyone has their own opinions and habits. Don’t laugh at your friend’s choices, even if you don’t agree with them. Finally, forgive mistakes. No one is perfect. If your friend makes a mistake, try to understand and forgive them. Holding grudges will only break your friendship. 1．What is the foundation of a good friendship? A．Honesty. B．Listening. C．Respect. D．Forgiveness. 2．When your friend is talking, you should ________. A．interrupt them B．pay attention C．change the topic D．leave them alone 3．Which of the following is a cheap way to spend time with friends? A．Going to a fancy restaurant. B．Traveling to another city. C．Walking in the park. D．Buying expensive gifts. 4．What does the underlined word “grudges” mean? A．善意 B．怨恨 C．理解 D．支持 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to make new friends. B．How to keep a good friendship. C．Why friendship is important. D．What a good friend is like. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍建立和维系良好友谊的几条建议，分别讲述了诚实、善于倾听、共度时光、互相尊重以及原谅过错的重要性。 【详解】 1．第二段提到“Honesty is the foundation of any good relationship.”，直接说明诚实是一切良好关系的基础，也就是良好友谊的基石。 2．第三段指出“When your friend is talking to you, pay attention and don’t interrupt.”，表明朋友说话时，你应当专心聆听，不要打断对方。 3．第四段提到“You don’t have to do expensive things. Even a walk in the park or watching a movie together can help you get closer.”，指出在公园散步是低成本和朋友相处的方式。 4．最后一段提到“If your friend makes a mistake, try to understand and forgive them. Holding grudges will only break your friendship.”，前后文表达要原谅朋友，心怀怨恨只会破坏友谊，由此推断grudges意为“怨恨”。 5．文章标题为“How to Build a Good Friendship”，首段提到“Here are some tips to help you build and keep a good friendship.”点明主旨，全文介绍如何建立并维系一段良好的友谊。 （三） Teenagers and Friendship For teenagers, friendship is very important. They often spend more time with friends than with their family. But some teenagers have problems getting along with their friends. One common problem is jealousy. When a friend makes a new friend, some teenagers feel left out. They think their friend doesn’t like them anymore. This can lead to fights. Another problem is communication. Many teenagers don’t know how to talk about their feelings. When they have disagreements, they often shout or stop talking instead of discussing calmly. Also, some teenagers have trouble keeping secrets. If a friend tells them a secret, they might tell others without thinking. This breaks trust and can end the friendship. To solve these problems, teenagers should learn to communicate openly, respect each other’s feelings, and be honest. They should also remember that it’s okay to have other friends, and true friendship means supporting each other. 1．Why is friendship important for teenagers? A．They spend more time with friends than family. B．Friends can help them with schoolwork. C．Friends are better than family. D．They don’t like their family. 2．What is one common problem among teenagers and their friends? A．Being honest. B．Jealousy. C．Listening to others. D．Forgiving mistakes. 3．When teenagers have disagreements, they often ________. A．discuss calmly B．talk about their feelings C．shout or stop talking D．ask for advice 4．What will happen if a teenager tells others their friend’s secret? A．They will make more friends. B．The friendship will end. C．The friend will trust them more. D．They will get popular. 5．How can teenagers solve friendship problems? A．By keeping secrets from friends. B．By shouting at friends. C．By communicating openly. D．By leaving friends alone. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述友谊对青少年十分重要，介绍青少年交友时常出现的嫉妒、沟通不畅、无法保守秘密三类问题，并给出了解决这些友谊问题的办法。 【详解】 1．第一段提到“For teenagers, friendship is very important. They often spend more time with friends than with their family.”，说明青少年友谊重要的原因是他们和朋友相处的时间多于家人。 2．第二段指出“One common problem is jealousy.”，直接点明青少年交友普遍存在的一个问题是嫉妒。 3．第三段指出“When they have disagreements, they often shout or stop talking instead of discussing calmly.”，表明产生分歧时，青少年经常大喊大叫或者不再讲话。 4．第四段提到“If a friend tells them a secret, they might tell others without thinking. This breaks trust and can end the friendship.”，泄露朋友的秘密可能会让友谊走向终结。 5．最后一段提到“To solve these problems, teenagers should learn to communicate openly, respect each other’s feelings, and be honest.”，给出解决办法，青少年应当坦诚沟通。 四、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，完成表格，每空限填一词。 Different people have different opinions. This is very common. When you disagree with others, do you know how to deal with disagreement? Here’s some advice. Wait and listen to others. Why not wait and listen to others’ ideas first? If you do that, you will understand them better. It will also help keep the conversation going well. Express yourself in a polite way. You should express yourself in a polite way when you disagree with others. You can start with these sentences, such as “I understand what you mean. But I’m afraid I can’t agree with you. What do you think about…instead?” Pay attention to your body language. As we know, body language is very important when you are communicating with others. Never cross your arms or point at others while expressing your opinions. Value your friendship. Friendship is valuable. Don’t hurt your friends’ feelings when you show your opinions. When your friendship is broken, you may lose your friends. Learn from different good opinions. You may learn new things from other people. Think of others’ different opinions carefully, and you may find something good or useful. It’s a good chance for you to learn from them, and you can improve yourself quickly. Some 1 on how to deal with disagreement Understand 2 ideas better and keep the conversation going well. Communicate with others 3 . Don’t cross your arms or point at others while expressing your opinions. Don’t 4 your friends’ feelings. Learn 5 or useful things from different opinions. 【答案】1．advice 2．others’ 3．politely 4．hurt 5．good 【导语】本文介绍了处理与他人分歧的五条建议，包括倾听、礼貌表达、注意肢体语言、珍惜友谊和从不同意见中学习。 【详解】 1．第一段提到“do you know how to deal with disagreement? Here’s some advice”，说明表格是关于处理分歧的一些建议，应填“advice”。 2．第二段提到“Why not wait and listen to others’ ideas first? If you do that, you will understand them better”，其中“them”指代“others’ ideas”，应填“others’”。 3．第三段提到“You should express yourself in a polite way when you disagree with others”，即要用礼貌的方式和他人交流，用polite的副词形式修饰动词，应填“politely”。 4．第五段提到“Friendship is valuable. Don’t hurt your friends’ feelings when you show your opinions”，强调友谊珍贵，表达观点时要避免伤害朋友的情感，应填“hurt”。 5．第六段提到“Think of others’ different opinions carefully, and you may find something good or useful”，说明可以从不同意见中学到好的或有用的东西，应填“good”。 五、选词填空 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内选出适当的单词，将其正确形式填入空白处，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框内有两个词为多余项。 he  good  quiet  arrive  reach  pleasant  day  she  interest  touch  give  describe “Look at him. His hair is different from ours!” “Their English is much 1 than ours, but can they speak Chinese?” This month was very special. Students from the International School of San Francisco were in our school. We invited them to many classes, such as cooking class, art class, music class, and so on. They took part in many 2 activities in a Chinese way. Pauline was one of them. 3 favourite class was music class. She learned a song called Mo Li Hua. At first, she was shy and sang the song 4 . With the teacher’s help, she could sing it by herself. This song is a traditional one from the Qing Dynasty in ancient China. The words “What a beautiful jasmine flower, sweet and fragrant, full of blossoms... ” 5 her most. In a music class, Pauline was excited 6 the music teacher’s beautiful dance. Zhang Ming was my classmate. He had a chance to spend a few 7 with Leo at his home. The American boy’s 8 brought Zhang Ming’s family so much happiness. “I can talk with him, and we give nice gifts to each other with 9 . Leo is the smartest and the friendliest boy in my heart. Whenever I have difficulty, he will stand by my side and 10 me strength, ” said Zhang Ming. Leo let Zhang Ming know the saying, “Friendship is everywhere. ” 【答案】 1．better 2．interesting 3．Her 4．quietly 5．touched 6．to describe 7．days 8．arrival 9．pleasure 10．give 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自旧金山国际学校的学生来到作者学校交流访问，作者分别介绍了Pauline的课堂经历和张明接待美国男孩Leo的故事，展现了交流活动中的收获与友谊。 【详解】 1．句意：他们的英语比我们的好得多，但他们会说中文吗？句子出现比较级标志词than，需要用形容词比较级，方框中good（好的）符合语义，其比较级为better。 2．句意：他们参加了很多有趣的中国式活动。此处需要形容词，修饰名词“activities”。方框内“interest”是名词，用其形容词interesting“有趣的”，作定语。 3．句意：她最喜欢的课是音乐课。此处需要形容词性物主代词，修饰“favourite class”，指代前文的Pauline（女性）。方框内“she”的形容词性物主代词为“her”，且首字母大写。。 4．句意：起初她很害羞，唱得很小声。此处需要副词，修饰动词“sang”。方框内“quiet”的副词形式为“quietly”，表示“安静地、小声地”，符合她害羞时的状态。 5．句意：歌词“好一朵美丽的茉莉花，芬芳美丽满枝桠……”最打动她。此处需要动词作谓语，描述歌词对她的影响。方框内“touch”表示“打动、感动”，且主语为复数名词“words”，时态为一般过去时，故用过去式“touched”。 6．句意：在音乐课上，Pauline兴奋地描述着音乐老师优美的舞蹈。此处指Pauline兴奋地描述着音乐老师的舞蹈，describe“描述”，动词，be excited to do sth“兴奋做某事”。故填to describe。 7．句意：他有机会和Leo在他家待几天。此处需要名词，作“spend”的宾语。方框内“day”表示“天”，且前面有“a few”修饰，需用复数形式“days”。“spend a few days”表示“待几天”，符合语境。故填days。 8．句意：这个美国男孩的到来给张明一家带来了很多快乐。此处需要名词作主语，表示“到来”。方框内“arrive”的名词形式为“arrival”，表示“到达、到来”，符合语境。 9．句意：我可以和他交谈，我们愉快地互相赠送精美的礼物。此处需要名词，作介词“with”的宾语。方框内“pleasant”是形容词，应用名词形式pleasure，构成短语“with pleasure”表示“开心地，愉快地”，符合语境。故填pleasure。 10．句意：无论我什么时候遇到困难，他都会站在我身边，给我力量。此处需要动词原形，与“stand”并列作谓语，构成短语“give me strength”表示“给我力量”。方框内“give”符合，且位于“will”后，用动词原形give。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $