Unit 2 Great ideas (单元分层自测·基础通关卷) 英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

2026-2027学年九年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 2 Great ideas·基础通关 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1．The wide ________ of new energy technology has changed people’s lives totally. A．apply B．applying C．application D．applied 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新能源技术的广泛应用彻底改变了人们的生活。 apply应用（动词）；applying应用（动名词/现在分词）；application应用（名词）；applied应用（过去式/过去分词）。空前是形容词wide“广泛的”，此处需要填入一个名词作主语，application是名词，意为“应用”，符合语境。 2．Many accidents happen because of people’s ________ of safety knowledge. A．application B．ignorance C．rejection D．displacement 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多事故的发生是因为人们对安全知识的无知。 application应用；ignorance无知；rejection拒绝；displacement取代。根据“Many accidents happen”可知，事故发生的原因通常是缺乏安全知识，结合选项，ignorance符合句意。故填ignorance。 3．Please ________ the classroom. Take your books out and get ready for class. A．go straight to B．make use of C．pay attention to D．be jealous of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请径直走向教室，取出课本并做好上课准备。 go straight to径直走向；make use of利用；pay attention to注意；be jealous of嫉妒。根据后句“Take your books out and get ready for class.”的场景可知，本句表示“径直前往教室”。 4．Modern machines have displaced many old tools. ________ workers save much time. A．Hardly B．Thus C．Though D．Unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现代机器已经取代了许多旧工具，因此工人们节省了大量时间。 hardly几乎不；thus因此；though虽然；unless除非。根据前句“Modern machines have displaced many old tools”和后句“workers save much time”之间的逻辑关系可知，前者是后者的原因，后者是前者的结果，故应用表示结果的副词thus连接。 5．A ________ life style includes proper rest, exercise and healthy eating habits. A．fancy B．balanced C．firm D．ignorant 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一种平衡的生活方式包括适当的休息、锻炼和健康的饮食习惯。 fancy华丽的；balanced平衡的；firm坚固的；ignorant无知的。根据“includes proper rest, exercise and healthy eating habits”可知，适当的休息、运动和饮食构成了健康平衡的生活，符合语境。 6．My teacher is satisfied ________ my progress in physics experiments recently. A．to B．for C．with D．at 【答案】C 【详解】句意：最近我的老师对我在物理实验方面的进步感到满意。 to到；for为了；with对于；at在。根据固定短语“be satisfied with”意为“对……感到满意”可知，此处应用介词with。故选C。 7．It took me hours to get my research idea ________ to every group member. A．cross B．across C．crossing D．crossed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我花了好几个小时才让我的研究想法传达给每个小组成员。 cross穿过；across穿过/被理解；crossing穿越；crossed穿越。固定搭配get sth. across to sb.意为“使某事被某人理解/把某事传达给某人”，此处指研究想法被组员理解。故填across。 8．—Her class is always lively and ________ of fun. —Yes. She knows how to ________ us with joy and wipe away worries. A．filled;full B．full;fill C．fill;full D．full;filled 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——她的课堂总是生动而充满乐趣。——是的。她知道如何让我们充满快乐，清除焦虑。 考查短语辨析。A be full of B“A里充满B”，fill A with B“用B充满A”，be full of=be filled with“充满”。根据“Her class is always lively and...of fun.”可知，第一空用full；根据“how to...us with joy”可知，第二空用动词原形fill。故选B。 9．________ run outside when there is a heavy thunderstorm. It’s very dangerous. A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Not D．No 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当有大雷雨时，不要跑到外面。这很危险。 Don’t不要，构成否定祈使句，后接动词原形；Doesn’t不，用于一般现在时第三人称单数否定，不能用于祈使句；Not不，不能单独构成祈使句；No不，不能接动词原形。祈使句的否定形式是在句首加Don’t，后接动词原形。根据“run”为动词原形且句意表示禁止做某事，可知应用Don’t。 10．—How do you like the program?   —________ amazing program it is! A．What B．How an C．What an D．What a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得这个节目怎么样？——它是一个多么精彩的节目啊！ 感叹句结构为：What+ (a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！或How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！。本句中心词是名词program，故用What引导；program为单数可数名词，且amazing以元音音素开头，故冠词用an。 二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever thought about how great ideas change the world? From the wheel to the smartphone, every 11 started with a simple idea. But what makes some ideas successful while others are 12 ? First, a great idea often 13 a real problem. Thomas Edison didn’t just invent the light bulb for fun—he wanted to solve the problem of darkness. Similarly, the first computers 14 to help with complex calculations. When an idea meets a real 15 , it has a better chance to succeed. Second, great ideas need patience and hard work. Many inventors 16 hundreds of times before they succeeded. The key is not to 17 when things go wrong. As the saying goes, “No pain, no gain.” Third, great ideas often come from 18 . When people work together and share different thoughts, they can create something truly amazing. The art and science fair is a good 19 . Students from different fields come together and show their creative works. Finally, great ideas need to be 20 to others. If people don’t know about your idea, it can’t change the world. That’s why sharing and communication are so important for inventors and creators. 11．A．invention B．discovery C．decision D．direction 12．A．remembered B．forgotten C．repeated D．improved 13．A．creates B．solves C．causes D．faces 14．A．design B．designed C．were designed D．are designed 15．A．need B．chance C．change D．choice 16．A．succeed B．failed C．try D．start 17．A．give up B．give out C．give away D．give in 18．A．competition B．confidence C．communication D．cooperation 19．A．example B．experience C．experiment D．excuse 20．A．sold B．known C．used D．produced 【答案】 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文讲述伟大想法如何改变世界，分析了成功的四个因素：解决实际问题、坚持努力、团队合作以及分享交流的重要性。 【详解】11．句意：从轮子到智能手机，每个发明都始于一个简单的想法。 根据“From the wheel to the smartphone”可知，这些都是人类的发明创造，invention“发明”符合语境。discovery“发现”，decision“决定”，direction“方向”，不符合语境。 12．句意：但是什么让一些想法成功而另一些被遗忘呢？ 根据“successful while others are...”可知，此处表示对比，成功对应被遗忘，forgotten“被遗忘”符合语境。remembered“被记住”，repeated“被重复”，improved“被改进”，无法构成鲜明对比。 13．句意：首先，伟大的想法通常解决一个实际问题。 根据后文“he wanted to solve the problem of darkness”可知，想法是为了解决问题，solves“解决”符合语境。creates“创造”，causes“引起”，faces“面对”，与文意不符。 14．句意：同样，第一批电脑被设计用来帮助复杂计算。 computers与design之间是被动关系，且描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态，were designed“被设计”符合语境。 15．句意：当一个想法满足一个真正的需求时，它更有机会成功。 根据前文“solve a real problem”可知，解决问题即满足需求，need“需求”符合语境。chance“机会”，change“改变”，choice“选择”，不符合逻辑。 16．句意：许多发明家在成功前失败数百次。 根据后文“before they succeeded”及“No pain, no gain”可知，成功前经历的是失败，failed“失败”符合语境。succeed“成功”，try“尝试”，start“开始”，不能体现困难。 17．句意：关键是不在出错时放弃。 根据“patience and hard work”可知，强调的是坚持，即不放弃，give up“放弃”符合语境。give out“分发”，give away“赠送”，give in“屈服”，短语含义不符。 18．句意：第三，伟大的想法常来自合作。 根据“When people work together”可知，此处指团队合作，cooperation“合作”符合语境。competition“竞争”，confidence“自信”，communication“交流”，不符合语境。 19．句意：艺术和科学展览就是一个好例子。 固定搭配“a good example”意为“一个好例子”，用于佐证前文观点。experience“经历”，experiment“实验”，excuse“借口”，不符合语境。 20．句意：最后，伟大的想法需要被他人知晓。 根据后句“If people don’t know about your idea”可知，想法需要被人知道，known“知道”符合语境。sold“卖”，used“使用”，produced“生产”，与后文逻辑不符。 三、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从21-35各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The power of ideas can be seen everywhere in history. Take the invention of the mobile phone as an example. Before it was invented, people could only communicate when they were near a telephone. But a creative idea changed everything. Now, the mobile phone plays an important role in our daily lives. It allows us to talk to friends far away, search for information, and even learn new things online. Another great idea is papermaking. In ancient times, people wrote on heavy and expensive materials. A clever thinker got a great idea to make paper from plants and old clothes. This simple but powerful invention made it much easier to share knowledge and wisdom. Books could be translated and spread all over the world. These examples show us that ideas are not just thoughts in our heads. When we put them into action, they can solve real problems and make a huge difference. Whether it is a new machine or a simple principle, creative ideas have the power to change the world. So, never underestimate the power of your own ideas. Keep thinking, keep trying, and you might be the next person to inspire the world. 21．According to the passage, what did the mobile phone change? A．The way people write books. B．The way people communicate. C．The way people make paper. D．The way people travel. 22．What does the underlined word “materials” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．机器 B．想法 C．材料 D．智慧 23．Why was papermaking considered a great invention? A．Because it was very expensive. B．Because it made sharing knowledge easier. C．Because it was invented by a famous scientist. D．Because it could be translated into many languages. 24．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell us how to invent a mobile phone. B．To explain the history of papermaking. C．To encourage us to value and use our creative ideas. D．To show that ancient people were smarter than us. 25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Ideas can only change the world if they are very complex. B．The mobile phone was invented to help people write books. C．Papermaking is a simple but powerful idea. D．We should give up if our ideas fail at first. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述思想拥有巨大力量，以手机、造纸术为例，说明创意付诸行动能够改变世界，并鼓励大家重视自身的想法。 【详解】21．根据第一段“Before it was invented, people could only communicate when they were near a telephone. But a creative idea changed everything.”可知手机改变了人们交流的方式。故选B。 22．根据第二段“In ancient times, people wrote on heavy and expensive materials.”，古人在沉重昂贵的materials上面书写，结合后文提到造纸术发明后用植物和旧衣服做纸，可知此处materials指的是书写用的“材料”。故选C。 23．根据第二段“This simple but powerful invention made it much easier to share knowledge and wisdom.”可知造纸术让知识的传播变得更加容易，因此是伟大发明。故选B。 24．根据最后一段“So, never underestimate the power of your own ideas. Keep thinking, keep trying, and you might be the next person to inspire the world.”可知作者旨在鼓励我们重视并运用自己富有创意的想法。故选C。 25．根据第二段“This simple but powerful invention made it much easier to share knowledge and wisdom.”以及文章开头将造纸术称为“Another great idea”可知，造纸术是一个简单但强大的想法/发明，C选项符合文意。 B In recent years, short-form videos have become very popular around the world. Compared with traditional long-form videos, they are more convenient to watch. However, ★ They have recently studied how short-form videos reshape our brains and influence our genes (基因). The new study found that watching short-form videos can greatly increase brain activity in regions connected to pleasure processing and emotion regulation (情绪调节). This may lead to biological and neurological (神经系统的) problems, such as less self-control and emotional ups and downs. For the study, the researchers chose 111 college students between the ages of 17 and 30 who often used social media and spent at least 1 hour daily on short-form videos. Besides, the study paid special attention to the use of short-form video apps rather than general smartphone use. Researchers collected their brain imaging information using MRI scans (磁共振扫描) to see the neurological effects of short-form videos, especially in terms of structural changes and functional activity in the brain. The results were surprising. People who were addicted to short-form videos—spending over 3 hours daily—showed functional and structural brain differences compared with others. There was an increase in gray matter volume (灰质体积), which is important to decision-making, information processing, and emotional control. This makes the brain easier to be influenced by the quick pleasure that one gets from watching one video after another, making it harder to stop. Moreover, the researchers found nearly 500 genes linked to brain changes because of being crazy about short-form videos. Interestingly, most of these genes are expressed during the teenage years, suggesting that these years are easy to be influenced by short-form videos. 26．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．some Chinese researchers have some worries about the influence from these videos. B．people spend hours watching short-form videos every day. C．short-form videos can help people relax after busy work. D．most teenagers think short-form videos are more interesting than books. 27．What did the new study find about watching short-form videos? A．It can improve people’s self-control. B．It may cause emotional ups and downs. C．It has no influence on brain activity. D．It helps people control emotions better. 28．What does the underlined word “addicted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．unable to stop doing or having something B．doing things with little energy C．angry or bored with something D．not having any feelings about a thing 29．Which person in the pictures is most likely to get crazy about short-form videos? A． B． C． D． 30．What’s the writing purpose of the passage? A．To tell readers how to use short-form video apps properly. B．To advise teenagers to stay away from all social media. C．To explain why short-form videos are popular around the world. D．To introduce a study about short-form videos’ influence on brains and genes. 【答案】26．A 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究探究短视频如何改变人类大脑、影响基因，阐述沉迷短视频带来的各类神经与生理影响，尤其指出青少年更容易受到短视频影响。 【详解】26．“However”体现语义转折。上文介绍短视频便捷、广受喜爱，下文介绍学者针对短视频的负面影响开展相关研究。此处需要过渡语句衔接上下文，A选项“some Chinese researchers have some worries about the influence from these videos.”表示一些研究者担忧短视频带来的影响，承接上文短视频普及的现象，同时引出下文的相关科学研究，起到承上启下的过渡作用。 27．根据第二段“This may lead to biological and neurological problems, such as less self-control and emotional ups and downs.”可知，研究发现观看短视频可能引发生理和神经系统问题，例如自控力下降、情绪起伏不定。 28．根据第四段“spending over 3 hours daily...making it harder to stop”可知，后文解释每天观看超3小时，很难停下。可推断划线单词“addicted”意为“上瘾的”，即unable to stop doing or having something“难以停止做某事”。 29．“get crazy about short-form videos”意思是“沉迷短视频”，D图人物正在使用手机刷视频，符合题意。 30．全文围绕一项研究展开，介绍短视频对大脑和基因造成的影响。因此，文章写作目的是介绍一项关于短视频对大脑与基因产生影响的研究。 C The Nobel Prize The Nobel Prize is one of the most famous prizes in the world. It was created by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish scientist who invented dynamite (炸药). He used his money to reward people who help the world greatly. The prize is given in six fields: Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics. It is held once a year. Winners receive a medal, a diploma (证书), and prize money. People from all over the world can win the Nobel Prize. It encourages scientists, writers, and peace-lovers to keep working hard. Winning this prize is a great honor. It shows that one’s work is important and helpful to humans. The Fields Medal The Fields Medal is the highest prize in Mathematics. It is named after John Fields, a Canadian mathematician. It is given every four years to excellent mathematicians under 40 years old. This medal encourages young people to study math. Winners have made very important discoveries. They help us understand the world better through numbers and theories (理论). It is not easy to win. It tells us that hard work and creative thinking can make new math breakthroughs. It inspires students to love maths. The Academy Awards The Academy (学院) Awards, best known as the Oscars, are the top awards in the film industry. They started in 1929 and are held once a year in Hollywood, the USA．The Oscars honor excellent films, actors, actresses, directors, and other filmmakers. There are many kinds of awards, such as Best Picture and Best Actor. Winning an Oscar means great success. It makes films and stars more popular around the world. The Oscars help people enjoy wonderful movies. They also encourage filmmakers to create more excellent works for us. 31．In which section of the newspaper can we read the news? A．Sports world B．Entertainment News C．Global Awards D．Science Weekly 32．Why did Alfred Nobel set up the Nobel Prize? A．To reward scientists who invented dynamite. B．To help Swedish scientists develop new inventions. C．To encourage young people to study hard. D．To praise those who make great achievements. 33．What can we learn about the Fields Medal? A．It is given to math experts of all ages. B．It is presented every four years. C．It was created by a Swedish scientist. D．It offers winners lots of prize money and medals. 34．Which is true about the Academy Awards? A．It takes place in America every year. B．It is the top prize for literature works. C．It has a history of more than 100 years. D．Only film directors can win the awards. 35．What do all three prizes have in common? A．They are only for people under 40. B．They are given once a year. C．They praise outstanding achievements. D．Winners can get a medal and lots of money. 【答案】31．C 32．D 33．B 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分别介绍了诺贝尔奖、菲尔兹奖、奥斯卡金像奖三项国际知名奖项，介绍它们的创立背景、颁发周期、颁奖对象与设立意义，展现各类奖项表彰各领域杰出贡献者的核心作用。 【详解】31．全文依次介绍三种全球知名奖项，对应报纸板块Global Awards。Sports world“体育板块”、Entertainment News“娱乐新闻”仅能覆盖奥斯卡，Science Weekly“科学周刊”仅能覆盖诺奖与菲尔兹奖，均片面。 32．第一段原文“He used his money to reward people who help the world greatly.”，说明诺贝尔设立奖项是为表彰取得巨大成就、造福世界的人。 33．第二段原文“It is given every four years to excellent mathematicians under 40 years old.”，直接说明菲尔兹奖每四年颁发一次。A 面向所有年龄段数学专家错误，仅限 40 岁以下；C由加拿大数学家创立，并非瑞典科学家；D 文中未提及菲尔兹奖设有奖金。 34．第三段原文“They started in 1929 and are held once a year in Hollywood, the USA.”，说明奥斯卡每年在美国举办。B它是文学最高奖项错误，属于电影奖项；C1929年至今不足百年；D影片、演员、导演等均可获奖，不只有导演。 35．三项奖项的共同点是表彰各领域杰出成就。A仅菲尔兹奖限制40岁以下；B菲尔兹奖四年一届，并非一年一次；D文中未说明菲尔兹奖设有奖金。 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The refrigerator is a common appliance in every home today, but its invention was a game-changer for food preservation. Before refrigerators, people used iceboxes, which were insulated containers filled with large blocks of ice. These were inefficient and required frequent delivery of ice, which was expensive. The journey to the modern refrigerator began in the 18th century with the discovery of refrigeration principles. 36 He designed a machine that used a pump to create a vacuum over a container of ether, causing the ether to boil and absorb heat from the surrounding air, thus cooling it. However, Evans’ idea was never built. It wasn’t until the mid-19th century that practical refrigeration machines were developed. 37 He developed a vapor-compression system using ammonia as a coolant. His machine was first used to cool beer in breweries, but it paved the way for domestic refrigerators. Early refrigerators were large, dangerous, and expensive. They used toxic gases like ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide as refrigerants. 38 In the 1920s, engineers began searching for safer alternatives. This led to the development of Freon by Thomas Midgley Jr. and his team in 1928. Freon was non-toxic, non-flammable, and highly effective, making household refrigerators much safer. 39 Mass production began in the 1930s, and by the 1950s, owning a refrigerator was a standard part of middle-class life. Today, refrigerators are more efficient and environmentally friendly than ever. 40 It allowed people to store food for longer periods, reducing waste and changing diets worldwide. From preserving seasonal fruits to enabling global food transport, the refrigerator is a great idea that truly cooled the world. A．Oliver Evans, an American inventor, first proposed the idea of a refrigerator in 1805. B．Jacob Perkins, known as the “father of the refrigerator,” built the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system in 1834. C．Leaks could cause serious injuries or even death. D．The invention of the refrigerator had a huge impact on society. E．The first commercial refrigerators were sold in the 1910s, but they were still too costly for average families. F．Modern refrigerators use smart technology to adjust temperature automatically. 【答案】36．A 37．B 38．C 39．E 40．D 【导语】本文介绍了冰箱发展历程，从原理发现到普及，彻底改变食物储存与人们生活。 【详解】36．空后提到“He designed a machine that used a pump to create a vacuum over a container of ether, causing the ether to boil and absorb heat from the surrounding air, thus cooling it.”，此处需要引出发明家Oliver Evans，A选项“美国发明家Oliver Evans于1805年首次提出了冰箱的概念”符合逻辑，介绍Evans在1805年首次提出冰箱概念。 37．空后提到“developed a vapor-compression system using ammonia as a coolant”，B选项“被称为‘冰箱之父’的Jacob Perkins于1834年制造出了第一台可运行的蒸气压缩制冷系统”，与之内容呼应，符合逻辑。 38．上文“They used toxic gases like ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide as refrigerants.”提到早期冰箱使用有毒制冷剂，下文“engineers began searching for safer alternatives.”提到工程师开始寻找更安全的替代品，C选项“泄漏可能导致严重伤害，甚至死亡”说明制冷剂泄漏会造成重伤甚至死亡，承接上文的安全隐患，引出下文研发安全制冷剂的内容。 39．上文“Freon was non-toxic, non-flammable, and highly effective, making household refrigerators much safer.”提到研发出安全的氟利昂，下文“Mass production began in the 1930s”提到1930年代开始大规模生产，1950年代冰箱成为中产家庭标配，E选项“最早的商用冰箱在20世纪10年代上市，但价格仍过高，普通家庭难以负担”承接上文，引出下文量产普及的内容。 40．根据后文“It allowed people to store food for longer periods, reducing waste and changing diets worldwide. From preserving seasonal fruits to enabling global food transport, the refrigerator is a great idea that truly cooled the world.”可知，后文讲述了冰箱对储粮、饮食、食品运输的改变，整体讲冰箱对社会产生的巨大影响。D选项“冰箱的发明对社会产生了巨大影响”总起说明冰箱发明的影响力，引出下文阐述，符合逻辑。 四、项目情景(共两节,满分15分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 下面材料A~F分别是六个人物传记介绍。根据五位同学的需求，选择最合适的人物传记。 Students’ Needs Biographies 41 Anna is interested in environmental protection. She wants to read about a scientist who studied nature and developed sustainable ideas. 42 Ben loves space exploration. He wants to learn about an engineer whose ideas helped launch satellites. 43 Cindy is good at drawing. She hopes to find a biography about an artist who combined science and art in his work. 44 David is curious about medicine. He wants to read about a researcher who developed life-saving vaccines. 45 Ella enjoys stories about brave women. She wants to read about a female pilot who broke records. A．Marie Curie: The Pioneer of Radioactivity. This book tells the story of the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Her discovery of radium changed medicine forever. B．Leonardo da Vinci: The Genius Who Saw the Future. Explore the life of the ultimate Renaissance man. His detailed sketches of flying machines inspired generations of engineers. C． Rachel Carson: The Woman Who Challenged the World. Learn about the marine biologist whose book Silent Spring sparked the modern environmental movement. D．Wernher von Braun: Rocket Scientist. This biography covers the life of the engineer who developed the Saturn V rocket that sent Apollo missions to the moon. E. Amelia Earhart: The Sky’s No Limit. Read about the courageous aviator who was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. F. Edward Jenner: Conqueror of Smallpox. Discover how a country doctor’s curiosity led to the development of the world’s first vaccine 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．B 44．F 45．E 【导语】本文是根据五位同学的阅读需求，匹配对应的人物传记介绍，引用需求与原文均使用双引号标注。 【详解】 41．Anna的需求是想读一位研究自然并提出可持续发展理念的科学家的故事。选项C的介绍提到蕾切尔·卡森是推动现代环保运动的生物学家，完全匹配环保主题需求。 42．Ben的需求是想了解一位工程师，他的想法帮助发射了卫星。选项D的介绍提到冯·布劳恩是研发登月火箭的航天工程师，契合太空探索需求。 43．Cindy的需求是希望能找到一位将科学与艺术结合在一起的艺术家的传记。选项B的介绍提到达·芬奇是融合艺术与科学的艺术家，匹配需求。 44．David的需求是想读到一位研究人员研制出救命疫苗的故事。选项F的介绍提到爱德华·詹纳研发出世界首种疫苗，符合医药相关需求。 45．Ella的需求是想读一篇关于打破纪录的女飞行员的文章。选项E的介绍提到阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特是打破飞行纪录的女性飞行员，匹配需求。 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 We all know how Isaac Newton found out the law of gravity. Back in the 1660s, he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance. Newton was a curious person, so he didn’t just walk away. Instead, he wondered why the apple was drawn toward the earth. The rest, as they say, is history. Hundreds of years later, a similar thing took place with Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who studied tiny living things. One day, he noticed mold growing in a small dish used for experiments. He followed his curiosity and later discovered penicillin (青霉素) . Like many of you, I heard stories like these when I was growing up. But now, as a researcher myself, I don’t just remember these stories. I also try to learn from them in my daily life. I am working on better ways to treat cancer. Since I started my job, I have been interested in nanotechnology (纳米技术) . I want to find out how this technology can help people fight cancer. At first, this was a new idea in this field. This curiosity made me study some special antibodies. These antibodies can help the immune system (免疫系统) become stronger to attack cancer cells. At the same time, they hardly hurt healthy cells. The more I learned about this, the more I wanted to find out more. Finally, my curiosity took me to the Maynard Lab at the University of Texas. This lab is a top place for antibody research. Moving to a new country was a big challenge for me. I also had to get used to a totally different research environment. Nothing was easy in the beginning, but the curiosity encouraged me to get through every difficulty. Without curiosity, I wouldn’t be where I am today. Curiosity is truly a strong power that helps people make new discoveries. I’m glad that I’ve never been afraid to try new and less common paths. Now, I can’t wait to see where my curiosity will take me next. 请将答案写在答题卡上 46．When might Newton start his research on the law of gravity? 47．Who discovered penicillin by following his curiosity? 48．What can nanotechnology help people do? 49．Why could the writer get through every difficulty? 50．What do you think curiosity can help you do in life? (请自拟一句话作答) 【答案】46．When he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance in the 1660s./In the 1660s. 47．Alexander Fleming. 48．This technology/It can help people fight cancer. 49．Because the curiosity encouraged the writer. 50．I think it can drive me to explore new knowledge. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文通过牛顿和弗莱明的例子以及作者自身的科研经历，说明了好奇心是推动科学发现和克服困难的重要力量。 【详解】46．文章第1段“Back in the 1660s, he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance. Newton was a curious person, so he didn’t just walk away. Instead, he wondered why the apple was drawn toward the earth.（早在 17 世纪 60 年代，他偶然看到苹果从树上掉下来。牛顿是个好奇的人，因此没有直接走开。相反，他开始思考：为什么这颗苹果会被地球吸引？）”指出，1660年代他偶然看见苹果落地，由此产生疑问并开启相关研究，因此时间是in the 1660s。 47．文章第2段“Hundreds of years later, a similar thing took place with Alexander Fleming... He followed his curiosity and later discovered penicillin.（几百年后，类似的事情发生在亚历山大·弗莱明身上……他追随自己的好奇心，后来发现了青霉素。）”直接指出，发现青霉素的人是亚历山大·弗莱明。故填 Alexander Fleming. 48．文章第4段“I want to find out how this technology can help people fight cancer.（我想找出这项技术如何帮助人们对抗癌症。）”直接指出，纳米技术可以帮助人们对抗癌症。故填It can help people fight cancer. 49．文章第5段“Nothing was easy in the beginning, but the curiosity encouraged me to get through every difficulty.（起初一切都不容易，但好奇心鼓励我克服了每一个困难。）”直接指出，作者能克服困难是因为好奇心的鼓励。故填Because curiosity encouraged the writer. 50．本题是一道开放性试题，需要表达个人观点，言之有理即可。可围绕“学习新事物、解决问题、发现新知识”等展开，注意回答要完整、合理。 五、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共10小题,每小题0.5分,满分5分) 51．Keeping a b________ diet is good for teenagers’ health. 【答案】balanced 【详解】句意：保持均衡的饮食对青少年的健康有益。空格位于“a”与“diet”之间，需填入一个以辅音音素开头的形容词作定语修饰“diet”；“is good for teenagers’ health”提示此处表达“均衡的饮食”对健康有益；结合首字母b，形容词balanced“均衡的”符合语境，故填balanced。 52．I was so nervous that I could h________ speak in class. 【答案】hardly 【详解】句意：我太紧张了，以至于在课堂上几乎说不出话。根据首字母h及句意“几乎不”可知填hardly，副词修饰动词speak。故填hardly。 53．I made the mistake because of my i________. 【答案】ignorance 【详解】句意：我犯了这个错误是因为我的无知。结合语句“I made the mistake because of my….”及首字母i的提示可知，对应的名词是ignorance。形容词性物主代词my后接名词，ignorance表示“无知”，不可数名词。 54．The story about the prince was meant to f________ the greedy man. 【答案】fool 【详解】句意：这个关于王子的故事是为了愚弄那个贪婪的人。be meant to do表示“意在/旨在做某事”，需要填一个以f开头的动词。结合“The story about the prince”和“the greedy man”的语境，合适的单词是fool。 55．This phone has many useful a________. 【答案】applications/apps 【详解】句意：这部手机有许多实用的应用软件。many修饰复数名词；根据“This phone has many useful”和首字母a可知，手机里有用的是应用软件，application/app“应用软件、应用程序”，符合语境。故填applications/apps。 56．The hotel room is small but f________. 【答案】fancy 【详解】句意：这家酒店的房间虽小但很别致。根据首字母“f”以及句子语境“酒店房间小但……”，fancy有“别致的；高档的；花哨的”等意思，代入句中表示房间虽小但很别致，语义通顺合理，所以此处应填fancy。 57．He didn’t study hard, and t________ failed the exam. 【答案】thus 【详解】句意：他学习不努力，因此考试不及格。前半句“他没有努力学习”和后半句“考试不及格”是因果关系，表示“因此”含义的词。thus意为“因此；如此”，用于引出前文行为导致的结果，符合语境，故填thus。 58．The new system will d________ the old one by the end of this year. 【答案】displace 【详解】句意：新系统将于今年年底之前取代旧系统。根据首字母提示和句中的“the old one”可知，此处应填动词“displace”，表示“取代，代替”。情态动词“will”后接动词原形。 59．The p________ married the princess in a grand ceremony. 【答案】prince 【详解】句意：王子在一场盛大的典礼上迎娶了公主。此处需名词作主语，结合“married the princess”及首字母可知，此处应填“王子”，prince“王子”，此处是特指，用单数。 60．The scientists have p________ that this plant can grow in dry areas. 【答案】proved 【详解】句意：科学家们已经证实这种植物能在干旱地区生长。助动词have后接过去分词构成现在完成时，结合“that this plant can grow in dry areas”以及首字母p可知，这里指“证实，证明”，用动词prove，过去分词是proved。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Simple Physics Experiment Understanding air pressure can be both fun and educational. There’s no better way to explore this amazing force than with 61 simple, safe experiment (实验). You only need a clear glass, a piece of cardboard, and some water. Nothing special 62 (need). First, fill the glass completely with water. Pour a little more until the water level rises slightly (轻微地) above the glass. Make sure there’s no air left inside the glass. This step is very important 63 even a tiny bubble (气泡) of air can influence the result. Next, carefully place the cardboard over the top of the glass. Hold it there with your hand, making sure it covers the whole opening. Press gently to create a good seal (封口) 64 the cardboard and the glass. Then, quickly turn the glass upside down. When you 65 (slow) take your hand away from the cardboard, you’ll be amazed by the result: the cardboard stays stuck to the glass, and not a single drop of water 66 (fall) out. This is not magic—it’s physics! The air pressure outside the glass is higher than the pressure inside, which presses the cardboard tightly (紧紧地) against the glass and holds the water in place. The experiment is designed 67 (show) how powerful air pressure can be. Last week, our class tried it, and everyone succeeded. We also discussed 68 the water doesn’t fall and how air pressure works in our daily lives. During the process, many 69 (student) favorite part was the exciting moment when the glass is turned over. Science is not just in books. We can understand 70 (science) laws much better by doing hands-on experiments. It makes us explore, think, and discover the wonderful world of physics around us. 【答案】 61．a 62．is needed 63．because 64．between 65．slowly 66． falls 67．to show 68．why 69．students’ 70．scientific 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个关于大气压强的简单物理实验，通过实验展示了大气压强的力量，并强调了动手做实验对理解科学规律的重要性。 【详解】61．句意：没有比用一个简单、安全的实验来探索这种神奇力量更好的方法了。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一个”简单、安全的实验，应用不定冠词，且simple以辅音音素开头，故填a。 62．句意：不需要什么特别的东西。分析句子结构可知，主语Nothing special与动词need之间是被动关系，且描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are+动词的过去分词）；不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填is needed。 63．句意：这一步非常重要，因为即使是一个微小的气泡也会影响结果。分析句子结构可知，前后两个分句为因果关系，后句用于解释前句的原因，故填because。 64．句意：轻轻按压，在纸板和玻璃杯之间形成良好的封口。分析句子结构可知，此处表示在纸板和玻璃杯两者之间，常用介词搭配between...and...（在……和……之间），故填between。 65．句意：当你慢慢地把手从纸板上拿开时，你会对结果感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰动词take，应用副词形式，故填slowly。 66．句意：纸板一直粘在玻璃杯上，没有一滴水掉出来。分析句子结构可知，此处描述的是实验的客观现象，应用一般现在时；主语not a single drop of water为第三人称单数，谓语动词需加-s，故填falls。 67．句意：这个实验被设计用来展示大气压强有多么强大。分析句子结构可知，be designed to do sth.意为“被设计用来做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to show。 68．句意：我们还讨论了为什么水不会掉下来，以及大气压强在我们的日常生活中是如何起作用的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，与后面的“how air pressure works”并列，结合语境可知此处指讨论水不掉下来的原因，故填why。 69．句意：在这个过程中，许多学生最喜欢的部分是玻璃杯被翻转过来的激动人心的时刻。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰名词短语favorite part，表示“学生们的”，应用名词所有格；many修饰复数名词students，其所有格在词尾直接加撇，故填students'。 70．句意：通过亲自动手做实验，我们可以更好地理解科学规律。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰名词laws，应用形容词形式作定语；science的形容词为scientific，意为“科学的”，故填scientific。 第三节 书面表达（15分） 71．从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1.当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2.是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3.这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4.该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1.文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2.行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词； ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives Many great ideas come from solving hard problems, and papermaking is such a wonderful example. In ancient China, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips or expensive silk. It was hard for common people to record and spread knowledge. Cai Lun came up with a creative idea. He used cheap materials like tree bark and old cloth to make paper. After lots of experiments, he finally made light and affordable paper. Thanks to this great idea, knowledge spread quickly around the world. It makes our study and communication much easier. I realize small creative ideas can change the whole world. 【详解】写作步骤 ［第一步：审题立意］ 确定文体：说明叙事结合的英语说明文，主体叙事用一般过去时，描述长期影响使用现在完成时 明确要点：待解决的难题（书写材料笨重昂贵）、创意提出者（蔡伦）、创意内容与解决过程（利用廉价材料造纸）、创意带来的生活影响（知识传播、改变世界） 确定人称：第一人称 I（用于结尾感悟）；第三人称 he/it（用于叙述故事） 注意事项：文中不得出现真实姓名、校名（除历史人物外） ［第二步：构思布局］ 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，概括主题（伟大的创意源于解决难题），引出下文例子 主体段：分别介绍当时的困难背景、创意的产生及具体实施过程 结尾段：总结感受，升华主题（强调该创意对世界的深远影响） ［第三步：要点展开］ 要点一：当时人们亟待解决的难题      地点/时间选择：In ancient China / Long ago等      状况描述：wrote on heavy bamboo slips or expensive silk（写在沉重的竹简或昂贵的丝绸上）等 作用效果：hard for common people to record and spread knowledge（普通人很难记录和传播知识）、 inconvenient（不方便的）、costly（昂贵的）、burden（负担）等 要点二：创意内容与解决过程     人物动作：came up with a creative idea（想出了一个绝妙的主意）、invented（发明）、devise（设计）、propose（提议）等      具体做法：used cheap materials like tree bark and old cloth（使用像树皮和旧布这样的廉价材料）、 raw materials（原材料）、recycle（回收利用）、experiment（实验）等 最终结果：made light and affordable paper（造出了轻便且买得起的纸）、 durable（耐用的）、high-quality（高质量的）、success（成功）等 要点三：创意带来的生活影响与个人感悟     对世界的影响：knowledge spread quickly around the world（知识迅速传遍世界）、 civilization（文明）、promote（促进）、global（全球的）等       对生活的作用：makes our study and communication much easier（使我们的学习和交流变得更容易）、efficient（高效的）、convenient（便利的）、bridge（桥梁）等       个人感悟：realize small creative ideas can change the whole world（意识到小小的创意可以改变整个世界）、 inspire（启发）、innovation（创新）、significance（意义）等 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年九年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 2 Great ideas·基础通关 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1．The wide ________ of new energy technology has changed people’s lives totally. A．apply B．applying C．application D．applied 2．Many accidents happen because of people’s ________ of safety knowledge. A．application B．ignorance C．rejection D．displacement 3．Please ________ the classroom. Take your books out and get ready for class. A．go straight to B．make use of C．pay attention to D．be jealous of 4．Modern machines have displaced many old tools. ________ workers save much time. A．Hardly B．Thus C．Though D．Unless 5．A ________ life style includes proper rest, exercise and healthy eating habits. A．fancy B．balanced C．firm D．ignorant 6．My teacher is satisfied ________ my progress in physics experiments recently. A．to B．for C．with D．at 7．It took me hours to get my research idea ________ to every group member. A．cross B．across C．crossing D．crossed 8．—Her class is always lively and ________ of fun. —Yes. She knows how to ________ us with joy and wipe away worries. A．filled;full B．full;fill C．fill;full D．full;filled 9．________ run outside when there is a heavy thunderstorm. It’s very dangerous. A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Not D．No 10．—How do you like the program?   —________ amazing program it is! A．What B．How an C．What an D．What a 二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever thought about how great ideas change the world? From the wheel to the smartphone, every 11 started with a simple idea. But what makes some ideas successful while others are 12 ? First, a great idea often 13 a real problem. Thomas Edison didn’t just invent the light bulb for fun—he wanted to solve the problem of darkness. Similarly, the first computers 14 to help with complex calculations. When an idea meets a real 15 , it has a better chance to succeed. Second, great ideas need patience and hard work. Many inventors 16 hundreds of times before they succeeded. The key is not to 17 when things go wrong. As the saying goes, “No pain, no gain.” Third, great ideas often come from 18 . When people work together and share different thoughts, they can create something truly amazing. The art and science fair is a good 19 . Students from different fields come together and show their creative works. Finally, great ideas need to be 20 to others. If people don’t know about your idea, it can’t change the world. That’s why sharing and communication are so important for inventors and creators. 11．A．invention B．discovery C．decision D．direction 12．A．remembered B．forgotten C．repeated D．improved 13．A．creates B．solves C．causes D．faces 14．A．design B．designed C．were designed D．are designed 15．A．need B．chance C．change D．choice 16．A．succeed B．failed C．try D．start 17．A．give up B．give out C．give away D．give in 18．A．competition B．confidence C．communication D．cooperation 19．A．example B．experience C．experiment D．excuse 20．A．sold B．known C．used D．produced 三、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从21-35各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The power of ideas can be seen everywhere in history. Take the invention of the mobile phone as an example. Before it was invented, people could only communicate when they were near a telephone. But a creative idea changed everything. Now, the mobile phone plays an important role in our daily lives. It allows us to talk to friends far away, search for information, and even learn new things online. Another great idea is papermaking. In ancient times, people wrote on heavy and expensive materials. A clever thinker got a great idea to make paper from plants and old clothes. This simple but powerful invention made it much easier to share knowledge and wisdom. Books could be translated and spread all over the world. These examples show us that ideas are not just thoughts in our heads. When we put them into action, they can solve real problems and make a huge difference. Whether it is a new machine or a simple principle, creative ideas have the power to change the world. So, never underestimate the power of your own ideas. Keep thinking, keep trying, and you might be the next person to inspire the world. 21．According to the passage, what did the mobile phone change? A．The way people write books. B．The way people communicate. C．The way people make paper. D．The way people travel. 22．What does the underlined word “materials” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．机器 B．想法 C．材料 D．智慧 23．Why was papermaking considered a great invention? A．Because it was very expensive. B．Because it made sharing knowledge easier. C．Because it was invented by a famous scientist. D．Because it could be translated into many languages. 24．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell us how to invent a mobile phone. B．To explain the history of papermaking. C．To encourage us to value and use our creative ideas. D．To show that ancient people were smarter than us. 25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Ideas can only change the world if they are very complex. B．The mobile phone was invented to help people write books. C．Papermaking is a simple but powerful idea. D．We should give up if our ideas fail at first. B In recent years, short-form videos have become very popular around the world. Compared with traditional long-form videos, they are more convenient to watch. However, ★ They have recently studied how short-form videos reshape our brains and influence our genes (基因). The new study found that watching short-form videos can greatly increase brain activity in regions connected to pleasure processing and emotion regulation (情绪调节). This may lead to biological and neurological (神经系统的) problems, such as less self-control and emotional ups and downs. For the study, the researchers chose 111 college students between the ages of 17 and 30 who often used social media and spent at least 1 hour daily on short-form videos. Besides, the study paid special attention to the use of short-form video apps rather than general smartphone use. Researchers collected their brain imaging information using MRI scans (磁共振扫描) to see the neurological effects of short-form videos, especially in terms of structural changes and functional activity in the brain. The results were surprising. People who were addicted to short-form videos—spending over 3 hours daily—showed functional and structural brain differences compared with others. There was an increase in gray matter volume (灰质体积), which is important to decision-making, information processing, and emotional control. This makes the brain easier to be influenced by the quick pleasure that one gets from watching one video after another, making it harder to stop. Moreover, the researchers found nearly 500 genes linked to brain changes because of being crazy about short-form videos. Interestingly, most of these genes are expressed during the teenage years, suggesting that these years are easy to be influenced by short-form videos. 26．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．some Chinese researchers have some worries about the influence from these videos. B．people spend hours watching short-form videos every day. C．short-form videos can help people relax after busy work. D．most teenagers think short-form videos are more interesting than books. 27．What did the new study find about watching short-form videos? A．It can improve people’s self-control. B．It may cause emotional ups and downs. C．It has no influence on brain activity. D．It helps people control emotions better. 28．What does the underlined word “addicted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．unable to stop doing or having something B．doing things with little energy C．angry or bored with something D．not having any feelings about a thing 29．Which person in the pictures is most likely to get crazy about short-form videos? A． B． C． D． 30．What’s the writing purpose of the passage? A．To tell readers how to use short-form video apps properly. B．To advise teenagers to stay away from all social media. C．To explain why short-form videos are popular around the world. D．To introduce a study about short-form videos’ influence on brains and genes. C The Nobel Prize The Nobel Prize is one of the most famous prizes in the world. It was created by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish scientist who invented dynamite (炸药). He used his money to reward people who help the world greatly. The prize is given in six fields: Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics. It is held once a year. Winners receive a medal, a diploma (证书), and prize money. People from all over the world can win the Nobel Prize. It encourages scientists, writers, and peace-lovers to keep working hard. Winning this prize is a great honor. It shows that one’s work is important and helpful to humans. The Fields Medal The Fields Medal is the highest prize in Mathematics. It is named after John Fields, a Canadian mathematician. It is given every four years to excellent mathematicians under 40 years old. This medal encourages young people to study math. Winners have made very important discoveries. They help us understand the world better through numbers and theories (理论). It is not easy to win. It tells us that hard work and creative thinking can make new math breakthroughs. It inspires students to love maths. The Academy Awards The Academy (学院) Awards, best known as the Oscars, are the top awards in the film industry. They started in 1929 and are held once a year in Hollywood, the USA．The Oscars honor excellent films, actors, actresses, directors, and other filmmakers. There are many kinds of awards, such as Best Picture and Best Actor. Winning an Oscar means great success. It makes films and stars more popular around the world. The Oscars help people enjoy wonderful movies. They also encourage filmmakers to create more excellent works for us. 31．In which section of the newspaper can we read the news? A．Sports world B．Entertainment News C．Global Awards D．Science Weekly 32．Why did Alfred Nobel set up the Nobel Prize? A．To reward scientists who invented dynamite. B．To help Swedish scientists develop new inventions. C．To encourage young people to study hard. D．To praise those who make great achievements. 33．What can we learn about the Fields Medal? A．It is given to math experts of all ages. B．It is presented every four years. C．It was created by a Swedish scientist. D．It offers winners lots of prize money and medals. 34．Which is true about the Academy Awards? A．It takes place in America every year. B．It is the top prize for literature works. C．It has a history of more than 100 years. D．Only film directors can win the awards. 35．What do all three prizes have in common? A．They are only for people under 40. B．They are given once a year. C．They praise outstanding achievements. D．Winners can get a medal and lots of money. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The refrigerator is a common appliance in every home today, but its invention was a game-changer for food preservation. Before refrigerators, people used iceboxes, which were insulated containers filled with large blocks of ice. These were inefficient and required frequent delivery of ice, which was expensive. The journey to the modern refrigerator began in the 18th century with the discovery of refrigeration principles. 36 He designed a machine that used a pump to create a vacuum over a container of ether, causing the ether to boil and absorb heat from the surrounding air, thus cooling it. However, Evans’ idea was never built. It wasn’t until the mid-19th century that practical refrigeration machines were developed. 37 He developed a vapor-compression system using ammonia as a coolant. His machine was first used to cool beer in breweries, but it paved the way for domestic refrigerators. Early refrigerators were large, dangerous, and expensive. They used toxic gases like ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide as refrigerants. 38 In the 1920s, engineers began searching for safer alternatives. This led to the development of Freon by Thomas Midgley Jr. and his team in 1928. Freon was non-toxic, non-flammable, and highly effective, making household refrigerators much safer. 39 Mass production began in the 1930s, and by the 1950s, owning a refrigerator was a standard part of middle-class life. Today, refrigerators are more efficient and environmentally friendly than ever. 40 It allowed people to store food for longer periods, reducing waste and changing diets worldwide. From preserving seasonal fruits to enabling global food transport, the refrigerator is a great idea that truly cooled the world. A．Oliver Evans, an American inventor, first proposed the idea of a refrigerator in 1805. B．Jacob Perkins, known as the “father of the refrigerator,” built the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system in 1834. C．Leaks could cause serious injuries or even death. D．The invention of the refrigerator had a huge impact on society. E．The first commercial refrigerators were sold in the 1910s, but they were still too costly for average families. F．Modern refrigerators use smart technology to adjust temperature automatically. 四、项目情景(共两节,满分15分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 下面材料A~F分别是六个人物传记介绍。根据五位同学的需求，选择最合适的人物传记。 Students’ Needs Biographies 41 Anna is interested in environmental protection. She wants to read about a scientist who studied nature and developed sustainable ideas. 42 Ben loves space exploration. He wants to learn about an engineer whose ideas helped launch satellites. 43 Cindy is good at drawing. She hopes to find a biography about an artist who combined science and art in his work. 44 David is curious about medicine. He wants to read about a researcher who developed life-saving vaccines. 45 Ella enjoys stories about brave women. She wants to read about a female pilot who broke records. A．Marie Curie: The Pioneer of Radioactivity. This book tells the story of the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Her discovery of radium changed medicine forever. B．Leonardo da Vinci: The Genius Who Saw the Future. Explore the life of the ultimate Renaissance man. His detailed sketches of flying machines inspired generations of engineers. C． Rachel Carson: The Woman Who Challenged the World. Learn about the marine biologist whose book Silent Spring sparked the modern environmental movement. D．Wernher von Braun: Rocket Scientist. This biography covers the life of the engineer who developed the Saturn V rocket that sent Apollo missions to the moon. E. Amelia Earhart: The Sky’s No Limit. Read about the courageous aviator who was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. F. Edward Jenner: Conqueror of Smallpox. Discover how a country doctor’s curiosity led to the development of the world’s first vaccine 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 We all know how Isaac Newton found out the law of gravity. Back in the 1660s, he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance. Newton was a curious person, so he didn’t just walk away. Instead, he wondered why the apple was drawn toward the earth. The rest, as they say, is history. Hundreds of years later, a similar thing took place with Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who studied tiny living things. One day, he noticed mold growing in a small dish used for experiments. He followed his curiosity and later discovered penicillin (青霉素) . Like many of you, I heard stories like these when I was growing up. But now, as a researcher myself, I don’t just remember these stories. I also try to learn from them in my daily life. I am working on better ways to treat cancer. Since I started my job, I have been interested in nanotechnology (纳米技术) . I want to find out how this technology can help people fight cancer. At first, this was a new idea in this field. This curiosity made me study some special antibodies. These antibodies can help the immune system (免疫系统) become stronger to attack cancer cells. At the same time, they hardly hurt healthy cells. The more I learned about this, the more I wanted to find out more. Finally, my curiosity took me to the Maynard Lab at the University of Texas. This lab is a top place for antibody research. Moving to a new country was a big challenge for me. I also had to get used to a totally different research environment. Nothing was easy in the beginning, but the curiosity encouraged me to get through every difficulty. Without curiosity, I wouldn’t be where I am today. Curiosity is truly a strong power that helps people make new discoveries. I’m glad that I’ve never been afraid to try new and less common paths. Now, I can’t wait to see where my curiosity will take me next. 请将答案写在答题卡上 46．When might Newton start his research on the law of gravity? 47．Who discovered penicillin by following his curiosity? 48．What can nanotechnology help people do? 49．Why could the writer get through every difficulty? 50．What do you think curiosity can help you do in life? (请自拟一句话作答) 五、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共10小题,每小题0.5分,满分5分) 51．Keeping a b________ diet is good for teenagers’ health. 52．I was so nervous that I could h________ speak in class. 53．I made the mistake because of my i________. 54．The story about the prince was meant to f________ the greedy man. 55．This phone has many useful a________. 56．The hotel room is small but f________. 57．He didn’t study hard, and t________ failed the exam. 58．The new system will d________ the old one by the end of this year. 59．The p________ married the princess in a grand ceremony. 60．The scientists have p________ that this plant can grow in dry areas. 第二节 语法填空(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Simple Physics Experiment Understanding air pressure can be both fun and educational. There’s no better way to explore this amazing force than with 61 simple, safe experiment (实验). You only need a clear glass, a piece of cardboard, and some water. Nothing special 62 (need). First, fill the glass completely with water. Pour a little more until the water level rises slightly (轻微地) above the glass. Make sure there’s no air left inside the glass. This step is very important 63 even a tiny bubble (气泡) of air can influence the result. Next, carefully place the cardboard over the top of the glass. Hold it there with your hand, making sure it covers the whole opening. Press gently to create a good seal (封口) 64 the cardboard and the glass. Then, quickly turn the glass upside down. When you 65 (slow) take your hand away from the cardboard, you’ll be amazed by the result: the cardboard stays stuck to the glass, and not a single drop of water 66 (fall) out. This is not magic—it’s physics! The air pressure outside the glass is higher than the pressure inside, which presses the cardboard tightly (紧紧地) against the glass and holds the water in place. The experiment is designed 67 (show) how powerful air pressure can be. Last week, our class tried it, and everyone succeeded. We also discussed 68 the water doesn’t fall and how air pressure works in our daily lives. During the process, many 69 (student) favorite part was the exciting moment when the glass is turned over. Science is not just in books. We can understand 70 (science) laws much better by doing hands-on experiments. It makes us explore, think, and discover the wonderful world of physics around us. 第三节 书面表达（15分） 71．从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1.当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2.是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3.这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4.该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1.文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2.行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词； ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年九年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 2 Great ideas·基础通关 （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9. A 10. C 二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．B 三、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．D 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．A 35．C 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．E 40．D 四、项目情景(共两节,满分15分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 41．C 42．D 43．B 44．F 45．E 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 46．When he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance in the 1660s./In the 1660s. 47．Alexander Fleming. 48．This technology/It can help people fight cancer. 49．Because the curiosity encouraged the writer. 50．I think it can drive me to explore new knowledge. (言之有理即可) 五、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共10小题,每小题0.5分,满分5分) 51.balanced 52.hardly 53.ignorance 54.fool 55.applications/apps 56.fancy 57.thus 58.displace 59. prince 60. proved 第二节 语法填空(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分) 61．a 62．is needed 63．because 64．between 65．slowly 66． falls 67．to show 68．why 69．students’ 70．scientific 第三节 书面表达（15分） A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives Many great ideas come from solving hard problems, and papermaking is such a wonderful example. In ancient China, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips or expensive silk. It was hard for common people to record and spread knowledge. Cai Lun came up with a creative idea. He used cheap materials like tree bark and old cloth to make paper. After lots of experiments, he finally made light and affordable paper. Thanks to this great idea, knowledge spread quickly around the world. It makes our study and communication much easier. I realize small creative ideas can change the whole world. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年九年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 2 Great ideas·基础通关 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1．The wide ________ of new energy technology has changed people’s lives totally. A．apply B．applying C．application D．applied 2．Many accidents happen because of people’s ________ of safety knowledge. A．application B．ignorance C．rejection D．displacement 3．Please ________ the classroom. Take your books out and get ready for class. A．go straight to B．make use of C．pay attention to D．be jealous of 4．Modern machines have displaced many old tools. ________ workers save much time. A．Hardly B．Thus C．Though D．Unless 5．A ________ life style includes proper rest, exercise and healthy eating habits. A．fancy B．balanced C．firm D．ignorant 6．My teacher is satisfied ________ my progress in physics experiments recently. A．to B．for C．with D．at 7．It took me hours to get my research idea ________ to every group member. A．cross B．across C．crossing D．crossed 8．—Her class is always lively and ________ of fun. —Yes. She knows how to ________ us with joy and wipe away worries. A．filled;full B．full;fill C．fill;full D．full;filled 9．________ run outside when there is a heavy thunderstorm. It’s very dangerous. A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Not D．No 10．—How do you like the program?   —________ amazing program it is! A．What B．How an C．What an D．What a 二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever thought about how great ideas change the world? From the wheel to the smartphone, every 11 started with a simple idea. But what makes some ideas successful while others are 12 ? First, a great idea often 13 a real problem. Thomas Edison didn’t just invent the light bulb for fun—he wanted to solve the problem of darkness. Similarly, the first computers 14 to help with complex calculations. When an idea meets a real 15 , it has a better chance to succeed. Second, great ideas need patience and hard work. Many inventors 16 hundreds of times before they succeeded. The key is not to 17 when things go wrong. As the saying goes, “No pain, no gain.” Third, great ideas often come from 18 . When people work together and share different thoughts, they can create something truly amazing. The art and science fair is a good 19 . Students from different fields come together and show their creative works. Finally, great ideas need to be 20 to others. If people don’t know about your idea, it can’t change the world. That’s why sharing and communication are so important for inventors and creators. 11．A．invention B．discovery C．decision D．direction 12．A．remembered B．forgotten C．repeated D．improved 13．A．creates B．solves C．causes D．faces 14．A．design B．designed C．were designed D．are designed 15．A．need B．chance C．change D．choice 16．A．succeed B．failed C．try D．start 17．A．give up B．give out C．give away D．give in 18．A．competition B．confidence C．communication D．cooperation 19．A．example B．experience C．experiment D．excuse 20．A．sold B．known C．used D．produced 三、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从21-35各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The power of ideas can be seen everywhere in history. Take the invention of the mobile phone as an example. Before it was invented, people could only communicate when they were near a telephone. But a creative idea changed everything. Now, the mobile phone plays an important role in our daily lives. It allows us to talk to friends far away, search for information, and even learn new things online. Another great idea is papermaking. In ancient times, people wrote on heavy and expensive materials. A clever thinker got a great idea to make paper from plants and old clothes. This simple but powerful invention made it much easier to share knowledge and wisdom. Books could be translated and spread all over the world. These examples show us that ideas are not just thoughts in our heads. When we put them into action, they can solve real problems and make a huge difference. Whether it is a new machine or a simple principle, creative ideas have the power to change the world. So, never underestimate the power of your own ideas. Keep thinking, keep trying, and you might be the next person to inspire the world. 21．According to the passage, what did the mobile phone change? A．The way people write books. B．The way people communicate. C．The way people make paper. D．The way people travel. 22．What does the underlined word “materials” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．机器 B．想法 C．材料 D．智慧 23．Why was papermaking considered a great invention? A．Because it was very expensive. B．Because it made sharing knowledge easier. C．Because it was invented by a famous scientist. D．Because it could be translated into many languages. 24．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell us how to invent a mobile phone. B．To explain the history of papermaking. C．To encourage us to value and use our creative ideas. D．To show that ancient people were smarter than us. 25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Ideas can only change the world if they are very complex. B．The mobile phone was invented to help people write books. C．Papermaking is a simple but powerful idea. D．We should give up if our ideas fail at first. B In recent years, short-form videos have become very popular around the world. Compared with traditional long-form videos, they are more convenient to watch. However, ★ They have recently studied how short-form videos reshape our brains and influence our genes (基因). The new study found that watching short-form videos can greatly increase brain activity in regions connected to pleasure processing and emotion regulation (情绪调节). This may lead to biological and neurological (神经系统的) problems, such as less self-control and emotional ups and downs. For the study, the researchers chose 111 college students between the ages of 17 and 30 who often used social media and spent at least 1 hour daily on short-form videos. Besides, the study paid special attention to the use of short-form video apps rather than general smartphone use. Researchers collected their brain imaging information using MRI scans (磁共振扫描) to see the neurological effects of short-form videos, especially in terms of structural changes and functional activity in the brain. The results were surprising. People who were addicted to short-form videos—spending over 3 hours daily—showed functional and structural brain differences compared with others. There was an increase in gray matter volume (灰质体积), which is important to decision-making, information processing, and emotional control. This makes the brain easier to be influenced by the quick pleasure that one gets from watching one video after another, making it harder to stop. Moreover, the researchers found nearly 500 genes linked to brain changes because of being crazy about short-form videos. Interestingly, most of these genes are expressed during the teenage years, suggesting that these years are easy to be influenced by short-form videos. 26．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．some Chinese researchers have some worries about the influence from these videos. B．people spend hours watching short-form videos every day. C．short-form videos can help people relax after busy work. D．most teenagers think short-form videos are more interesting than books. 27．What did the new study find about watching short-form videos? A．It can improve people’s self-control. B．It may cause emotional ups and downs. C．It has no influence on brain activity. D．It helps people control emotions better. 28．What does the underlined word “addicted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．unable to stop doing or having something B．doing things with little energy C．angry or bored with something D．not having any feelings about a thing 29．Which person in the pictures is most likely to get crazy about short-form videos? A． B． C． D． 30．What’s the writing purpose of the passage? A．To tell readers how to use short-form video apps properly. B．To advise teenagers to stay away from all social media. C．To explain why short-form videos are popular around the world. D．To introduce a study about short-form videos’ influence on brains and genes. C The Nobel Prize The Nobel Prize is one of the most famous prizes in the world. It was created by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish scientist who invented dynamite (炸药). He used his money to reward people who help the world greatly. The prize is given in six fields: Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics. It is held once a year. Winners receive a medal, a diploma (证书), and prize money. People from all over the world can win the Nobel Prize. It encourages scientists, writers, and peace-lovers to keep working hard. Winning this prize is a great honor. It shows that one’s work is important and helpful to humans. The Fields Medal The Fields Medal is the highest prize in Mathematics. It is named after John Fields, a Canadian mathematician. It is given every four years to excellent mathematicians under 40 years old. This medal encourages young people to study math. Winners have made very important discoveries. They help us understand the world better through numbers and theories (理论). It is not easy to win. It tells us that hard work and creative thinking can make new math breakthroughs. It inspires students to love maths. The Academy Awards The Academy (学院) Awards, best known as the Oscars, are the top awards in the film industry. They started in 1929 and are held once a year in Hollywood, the USA．The Oscars honor excellent films, actors, actresses, directors, and other filmmakers. There are many kinds of awards, such as Best Picture and Best Actor. Winning an Oscar means great success. It makes films and stars more popular around the world. The Oscars help people enjoy wonderful movies. They also encourage filmmakers to create more excellent works for us. 31．In which section of the newspaper can we read the news? A．Sports world B．Entertainment News C．Global Awards D．Science Weekly 32．Why did Alfred Nobel set up the Nobel Prize? A．To reward scientists who invented dynamite. B．To help Swedish scientists develop new inventions. C．To encourage young people to study hard. D．To praise those who make great achievements. 33．What can we learn about the Fields Medal? A．It is given to math experts of all ages. B．It is presented every four years. C．It was created by a Swedish scientist. D．It offers winners lots of prize money and medals. 34．Which is true about the Academy Awards? A．It takes place in America every year. B．It is the top prize for literature works. C．It has a history of more than 100 years. D．Only film directors can win the awards. 35．What do all three prizes have in common? A．They are only for people under 40. B．They are given once a year. C．They praise outstanding achievements. D．Winners can get a medal and lots of money. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The refrigerator is a common appliance in every home today, but its invention was a game-changer for food preservation. Before refrigerators, people used iceboxes, which were insulated containers filled with large blocks of ice. These were inefficient and required frequent delivery of ice, which was expensive. The journey to the modern refrigerator began in the 18th century with the discovery of refrigeration principles. 36 He designed a machine that used a pump to create a vacuum over a container of ether, causing the ether to boil and absorb heat from the surrounding air, thus cooling it. However, Evans’ idea was never built. It wasn’t until the mid-19th century that practical refrigeration machines were developed. 37 He developed a vapor-compression system using ammonia as a coolant. His machine was first used to cool beer in breweries, but it paved the way for domestic refrigerators. Early refrigerators were large, dangerous, and expensive. They used toxic gases like ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide as refrigerants. 38 In the 1920s, engineers began searching for safer alternatives. This led to the development of Freon by Thomas Midgley Jr. and his team in 1928. Freon was non-toxic, non-flammable, and highly effective, making household refrigerators much safer. 39 Mass production began in the 1930s, and by the 1950s, owning a refrigerator was a standard part of middle-class life. Today, refrigerators are more efficient and environmentally friendly than ever. 40 It allowed people to store food for longer periods, reducing waste and changing diets worldwide. From preserving seasonal fruits to enabling global food transport, the refrigerator is a great idea that truly cooled the world. A．Oliver Evans, an American inventor, first proposed the idea of a refrigerator in 1805. B．Jacob Perkins, known as the “father of the refrigerator,” built the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system in 1834. C．Leaks could cause serious injuries or even death. D．The invention of the refrigerator had a huge impact on society. E．The first commercial refrigerators were sold in the 1910s, but they were still too costly for average families. F．Modern refrigerators use smart technology to adjust temperature automatically. 四、项目情景(共两节,满分15分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 下面材料A~F分别是六个人物传记介绍。根据五位同学的需求，选择最合适的人物传记。 Students’ Needs Biographies 41 Anna is interested in environmental protection. She wants to read about a scientist who studied nature and developed sustainable ideas. 42 Ben loves space exploration. He wants to learn about an engineer whose ideas helped launch satellites. 43 Cindy is good at drawing. She hopes to find a biography about an artist who combined science and art in his work. 44 David is curious about medicine. He wants to read about a researcher who developed life-saving vaccines. 45 Ella enjoys stories about brave women. She wants to read about a female pilot who broke records. A．Marie Curie: The Pioneer of Radioactivity. This book tells the story of the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Her discovery of radium changed medicine forever. B．Leonardo da Vinci: The Genius Who Saw the Future. Explore the life of the ultimate Renaissance man. His detailed sketches of flying machines inspired generations of engineers. C． Rachel Carson: The Woman Who Challenged the World. Learn about the marine biologist whose book Silent Spring sparked the modern environmental movement. D．Wernher von Braun: Rocket Scientist. This biography covers the life of the engineer who developed the Saturn V rocket that sent Apollo missions to the moon. E. Amelia Earhart: The Sky’s No Limit. Read about the courageous aviator who was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. F. Edward Jenner: Conqueror of Smallpox. Discover how a country doctor’s curiosity led to the development of the world’s first vaccine 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 We all know how Isaac Newton found out the law of gravity. Back in the 1660s, he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance. Newton was a curious person, so he didn’t just walk away. Instead, he wondered why the apple was drawn toward the earth. The rest, as they say, is history. Hundreds of years later, a similar thing took place with Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who studied tiny living things. One day, he noticed mold growing in a small dish used for experiments. He followed his curiosity and later discovered penicillin (青霉素) . Like many of you, I heard stories like these when I was growing up. But now, as a researcher myself, I don’t just remember these stories. I also try to learn from them in my daily life. I am working on better ways to treat cancer. Since I started my job, I have been interested in nanotechnology (纳米技术) . I want to find out how this technology can help people fight cancer. At first, this was a new idea in this field. This curiosity made me study some special antibodies. These antibodies can help the immune system (免疫系统) become stronger to attack cancer cells. At the same time, they hardly hurt healthy cells. The more I learned about this, the more I wanted to find out more. Finally, my curiosity took me to the Maynard Lab at the University of Texas. This lab is a top place for antibody research. Moving to a new country was a big challenge for me. I also had to get used to a totally different research environment. Nothing was easy in the beginning, but the curiosity encouraged me to get through every difficulty. Without curiosity, I wouldn’t be where I am today. Curiosity is truly a strong power that helps people make new discoveries. I’m glad that I’ve never been afraid to try new and less common paths. Now, I can’t wait to see where my curiosity will take me next. 请将答案写在答题卡上 46．When might Newton start his research on the law of gravity? 47．Who discovered penicillin by following his curiosity? 48．What can nanotechnology help people do? 49．Why could the writer get through every difficulty? 50．What do you think curiosity can help you do in life? (请自拟一句话作答) 五、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共10小题,每小题0.5分,满分5分) 51．Keeping a b________ diet is good for teenagers’ health. 52．I was so nervous that I could h________ speak in class. 53．I made the mistake because of my i________. 54．The story about the prince was meant to f________ the greedy man. 55．This phone has many useful a________. 56．The hotel room is small but f________. 57．He didn’t study hard, and t________ failed the exam. 58．The new system will d________ the old one by the end of this year. 59．The p________ married the princess in a grand ceremony. 60．The scientists have p________ that this plant can grow in dry areas. 第二节 语法填空(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Simple Physics Experiment Understanding air pressure can be both fun and educational. There’s no better way to explore this amazing force than with 61 simple, safe experiment (实验). You only need a clear glass, a piece of cardboard, and some water. Nothing special 62 (need). First, fill the glass completely with water. Pour a little more until the water level rises slightly (轻微地) above the glass. Make sure there’s no air left inside the glass. This step is very important 63 even a tiny bubble (气泡) of air can influence the result. Next, carefully place the cardboard over the top of the glass. Hold it there with your hand, making sure it covers the whole opening. Press gently to create a good seal (封口) 64 the cardboard and the glass. Then, quickly turn the glass upside down. When you 65 (slow) take your hand away from the cardboard, you’ll be amazed by the result: the cardboard stays stuck to the glass, and not a single drop of water 66 (fall) out. This is not magic—it’s physics! The air pressure outside the glass is higher than the pressure inside, which presses the cardboard tightly (紧紧地) against the glass and holds the water in place. The experiment is designed 67 (show) how powerful air pressure can be. Last week, our class tried it, and everyone succeeded. We also discussed 68 the water doesn’t fall and how air pressure works in our daily lives. During the process, many 69 (student) favorite part was the exciting moment when the glass is turned over. Science is not just in books. We can understand 70 (science) laws much better by doing hands-on experiments. It makes us explore, think, and discover the wonderful world of physics around us. 第三节 书面表达（15分） 71．从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1.当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2.是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3.这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4.该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1.文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2.行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词； ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $