专题05 Unit 5 Revealing nature-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了选修一Unit 5及高考高频的12个核心词汇，通过语境串记语篇构建"考察任务—样本收集—特征分析—进化关联"的记忆链，结合词根拆解、词性变化总表等模块，引导学生从词形、词义到用法自主构建知识网络，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于自主学习支持与思维品质培养，如Part 9的复述模板帮助学生自我检测知识掌握，Part 5语法填空整合真题改编题实现诊断性练习，Part 8词汇升级训练提升语言表达精度。通过任务驱动式设计，培养学生的学习能力和语言运用能力，教师可依据学生在默写、阅读等环节的表现精准指导，助力因材施教。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：blame / characteristic / ancestor / suspect / evolve / sample / generate / detect / primitive / root / link / native （知识点来源：选修一 Unit 5 · Revealing nature + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________ 姓名:____________ 班级:____________ 座号:____________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 3 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last month, our biology teacher took us on a field trip to the mountains to study how species change over time. She asked us not to blame the cold weather for our slow progress; instead, we should focus on the task. We collected small samples of soil, leaves and insects, and recorded every characteristic of the plants we found, such as the shape of their leaves and the colour of their flowers. She told us that the ancestor of these plants may have looked very different, and that species evolve slowly over thousands of years. We suspected that the mountain plants were different from those on the plain, and our samples soon confirmed it. Our teacher used a small machine to generate charts from the data, and we could detect clear differences between the two groups. Some of the mountain plants were so primitive that they looked like ancient species. Their roots grew deep into the rocks, and their leaves were covered with fine hairs. By the end of the trip, we understood the close link between environment and evolution. These native species, we realised, are living museums of the earth's history. 【中文译文】 上个月，生物老师带我们去山里实地考察，研究物种如何随时间变化。她让我们不要把（blame）进度缓慢归咎于寒冷的天气，而应专注于任务。我们收集了土壤、树叶和昆虫的小样本（sample），并记录所发现植物的每一个特征（characteristic），比如叶子的形状和花朵的颜色。她告诉我们，这些植物共同的祖先（ancestor）可能长得大不相同，物种是经过数千年缓慢进化（evolve）而来的。 我们怀疑（suspect）山里的植物与平原上的不同，样本很快证实了这一点。老师用一台小机器从数据中生成了（generate）图表，我们能检测出（detect）两组之间的明显差异。有些山地植物非常原始（primitive），看起来像古老的物种。它们的根（root）深深扎进岩石，叶片上覆盖着细毛。考察结束时，我们明白了环境与进化之间密切的联系（link）。我们意识到，这些本地（native）物种是地球历史的活博物馆。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：实地考察研究物种变化→不把进度慢归咎于天气→收集小样本→记录植物特征→祖先可能长得不同→物种缓慢进化→怀疑山地植物不同→生成图表→检测出差异→有些植物很原始→根扎进岩石→明白环境与进化的联系→本地物种是活的博物馆 记忆链：blame → sample → characteristic → ancestor → evolve → suspect → generate → detect → primitive → root → link → native Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 blame /bleɪm/ v. 责备，归咎于 n. 责任 ⚡考点：blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人；take the blame 承担责任 2 characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的 ⚡考点：a characteristic of …的特征；be characteristic of 是…的典型特征；characterise v. 以…为特征 3 ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n. 祖先，祖宗 ⚡考点：human ancestors 人类祖先；a common ancestor 共同祖先；ancestral adj. 祖先的；descendant 后代 4 suspect /səˈspekt/ v. 怀疑，猜想 n. 嫌疑人 ⚡考点：suspect that... 猜想…；suspect sb. of doing 怀疑某人做了；suspicion n. 怀疑；suspicious adj. 可疑的 5 evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化，演变；逐步发展 ⚡考点：evolve from 从…进化而来；evolve into 演变成；evolution n. 进化；evolutionary adj. 进化的 6 sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样品，样本 vt. 取样 ⚡考点：a sample of …的样本；take a sample 取样；sample the local food 品尝当地食物 7 generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生，生成；引起 ⚡考点：generate electricity 发电；generate ideas 产生想法；generation n. 一代人；产生 8 detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 发现，察觉，检测出 ⚡考点：detect changes 检测出变化；detect sb. doing 发现某人正在做；detection n. 察觉；detective n. 侦探 9 primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adj. 原始的，远古的；简陋的 ⚡考点：primitive society 原始社会；primitive tools 简陋的工具；primitive species 原始物种 10 root /ruːt/ n. 根；根源 v. 扎根 ⚡考点：take root 扎根；生根；the root of …的根源；root in 源于；be rooted in 植根于 11 link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系，纽带 v. 连接 ⚡考点：a link between A and B A与B之间的联系；link A to/with B 把A与B联系起来；be linked to 与…有关 12 native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 本地的，本土的 n. 本地人 ⚡考点：native species 本地物种；be native to 原产于；one's native language 母语 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. blame /bleɪm/ v. 责备，归咎于 n. 责任 【核心考点】 blame是记叙文与议论文的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①blame sb. for sth.（因某事责备某人）——Don't blame him for the mistake；②blame sth. on sb.（把某事归咎于某人）——He blamed the accident on the bad weather；③be to blame（应受责备，主动形式表被动）——The driver is to blame for the accident。名词用法：take the blame（承担责任）、put the blame on（把责任推给）。辨析：blame（责备，归咎）vs scold（责骂，训斥）vs criticize（批评）vs accuse（指控）。写作金句：It is easy to blame the weather, but hard to change ourselves（归咎天气容易，改变自己难）。 【词根联想】 古法语blasmer"责备"（源自希腊语blasphemein"说坏话"）→ 责备。联想：blam"责备"→ blame（责备）、blameless（无可指责的→无责）、blameworthy（该受责备的）。记住：blame源于"说坏话"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：be to blame是高考高频考点，意为"应受责备，该负责任"（用主动形式表被动），如The heavy rain is to blame for the delay（这场大雨是延误的原因）。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·完形·blame 名词作宾语）"It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada."（正是这些海鸟至少应承担一部分责任，让尼克·伯奇尔在加拿大维多利亚的费尔蒙帝后酒店上了黑名单。）（真题原句·blame 责任） 【搭配词块】 blame sb. for 因…责备某人 / blame sth. on 把…归咎于 / be to blame 应受责备 / take the blame 承担责任 2. characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的 【核心考点】 characteristic是说明文与科普类语篇的高频名词兼形容词。名词用法要点：①特征，特点——a characteristic of（…的特征）——Patience is a characteristic of good teachers；②the characteristics of the species（该物种的特征）。形容词用法：be characteristic of（是…的典型特征）——Wind is characteristic of the coast。派生词是语法填空高频考点：characterise v. 以…为特征→ be characterised by；character n. 性格；角色。辨析：characteristic（特征，可观察的显著特点）vs feature（特点，外观特征）vs trait（特质，性格特点）vs quality（品质）。写作金句：The ability to adapt is a characteristic shared by all living things（适应能力是一切生物的共性）。 【词根联想】 希腊语charakter"刻印的标记"（charassein"刻"）+ -istic→ 刻在身上的印记→ 特征。联想：charact"刻印"→ characteristic（特征→刻下的印记）、character（性格；角色）、characterise（刻画…的特征）、type（类型）。记住：特征是"刻下的印记"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：characteristic作形容词表示"典型的，特有的"，如She answered with characteristic honesty（她以特有的诚实作答）。此义常见于正式语体。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国乙卷·语法填空·characteristic 名词作宾语）"It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics."（它不同于传统旅游，因为它让旅行者了解当地——无论是地理条件还是文化特征。）（真题原句·characteristic 特征） 【搭配词块】 a characteristic of …的特征 / be characteristic of 是…的典型特征 / characterise v. 以…为特征 / character n. 性格 3. ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n. 祖先，祖宗 【核心考点】 ancestor是科普与历史类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①祖先，祖宗——human ancestors（人类祖先）、a common ancestor（共同祖先）；②（生物的）祖先物种——the ancestor of modern horses（现代马的祖先）。派生词：ancestral adj. 祖先的→ ancestral home（祖宅）；反义词descendant（后代）。辨析：ancestor（祖先，生物或家族上的）vs forefather（先人，多指家族）vs predecessor（前任，前身）vs origin（起源）。写作金句：Every creature on earth can trace its ancestor back to the ancient seas（地球上的每种生物都能把祖先追溯到远古的海洋）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语antecessor"先行者"（ante-"在前"+cedere"走"）→ 走在前面的→ 祖先。联想：ante"在前"+cess"走"→ ancestor（走在前面的人→祖先）、ancient（古代的→先前的）、antecedent（先行词）、advance（前进）。记住：ante + cess = 走在前面的人。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：ancestor在科技语境中可指"（机器、设计的）原型，前身"，如the ancestor of the modern computer（现代计算机的前身）。此义出现在科普类语篇。 【真题原句】 （2020·北京卷·语法填空·ancestor 名词作宾语）"The Neanderthals lived alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago."（尼安德特人与人类祖先在欧洲比邻而居数万年，直到约四万年前灭绝。）（真题原句·ancestor 祖先） 【搭配词块】 human ancestors 人类祖先 / a common ancestor 共同祖先 / ancestral adj. 祖先的 / descendant n. 后代 4. suspect /səˈspekt/ v. 怀疑，猜想 n. 嫌疑人 【核心考点】 suspect是记叙文与说明文的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①怀疑，猜想——suspect that...（猜想…）——I suspect that he is lying；②suspect sb. of doing（怀疑某人做了）——They suspected him of stealing；③suspect sth.（怀疑某事）——She suspected danger。名词用法：嫌疑人——the main suspect（主要嫌疑人）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：suspicion n. 怀疑→ with suspicion（怀疑地）；suspicious adj. 可疑的→ be suspicious of（对…起疑）。辨析：suspect（怀疑，猜想）vs doubt（怀疑，不信任，后接whether）vs guess（猜测）。写作金句：Scientists suspected that the two species were related long before they proved it（科学家在证实之前很久就怀疑这两个物种有关联）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语suspectare"向上看，猜疑"（sus-=sub-"从下"+specere"看"）→ 从下面偷看→ 猜疑。联想：spec"看"→ suspect（偷看→怀疑）、suspicion（怀疑）、suspect（嫌疑人）、spectator（观众→旁观）、respect（尊重→回头看）。记住：sus + pect = 从下偷看起疑。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：suspect作名词表示"嫌疑人，嫌疑犯"，如The police have arrested two suspects（警方逮捕了两名嫌疑人）。此义常见于新闻类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We suspected that the mountain plants were different from those on the plain, and our samples soon confirmed it."（我们怀疑山里的植物与平原上的不同，样本很快证实了这一点。）（经典原句·suspect 怀疑，猜想） 【搭配词块】 suspect that... 猜想… / suspect sb. of doing 怀疑某人做了 / suspicion n. 怀疑 / be suspicious of 对…起疑 5. evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化，演变；逐步发展 【核心考点】 evolve是科普与说明文类语篇的高频动词，本单元"Revealing nature"主题的核心词。用法要点：①进化，演变——evolve from（从…进化而来）、evolve into（演变成）——Fish evolved into amphibians；②逐步发展——The company evolved from a small shop（公司由一家小店发展而来）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：evolution n. 进化，演变→ the theory of evolution（进化论）；evolutionary adj. 进化的。辨析：evolve（进化，长期演变）vs develop（发展，成长）vs grow（生长）vs change（变化）。写作金句：Species evolve not in a day, but over millions of silent years（物种的进化不在一天，而在数百万个静默的年头里）。 【词根联想】 e-（=ex-，向外）+ volv（拉丁语volvere"滚，转"）+ -e→ 向外滚动展开→ 演变，进化。联想：volv"滚"→ evolve（滚出来→演变）、evolution（进化）、revolve（旋转→绕转）、involve（卷入→滚进去）、revolution（革命→翻转）。记住：e + volve = 向外展开演化。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：evolve还可表示"（想法、风格）逐渐形成，逐步完善"，如Her painting style evolved over many years（她的绘画风格多年间逐步形成）。此义中不强调"进化"，而强调"发展"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Species evolve slowly over thousands of years, and every living thing carries the long story of its ancestors in its cells."（物种经过数千年缓慢进化，每个生命都在细胞里携带其祖先的漫长故事。）（经典原句·evolve 进化） 【搭配词块】 evolve from 从…进化而来 / evolve into 演变成 / evolution n. 进化 / the theory of evolution 进化论 6. sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样品，样本 vt. 取样 【核心考点】 sample是科普与研究类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①样品，样本——a sample of blood/soil（血液/土壤样本）、take a sample（取样）；②（商品的）样品——free samples（免费样品）。动词用法：①取样——sample the water（取水样）；②品尝——sample the local food（品尝当地食物）。辨析：sample（样本，用于检验的代表）vs example（例子）vs instance（实例）vs model（模型，范例）。写作金句：A single sample can never tell the whole story of a forest（一份样本永远无法讲述一片森林的全部故事）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语exemplum"例子"（eximere"取出"→ex-"出"+emere"拿"）→ 取出的代表→ 样本。联想：samp"取"→ sample（样本→取出的代表）、example（例子→同源）、exemplary（典范的）。记住：sample=取出的代表。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：sample作动词还可表示"体验，品尝（食物的味道）"，如Visitors can sample the local dishes（游客可以品尝当地菜肴）。此义常见于旅游与美食类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We collected small samples of soil, leaves and insects, and recorded every characteristic of the plants we found."（我们收集了土壤、树叶和昆虫的小样本，并记录了所发现植物的每一个特征。）（经典原句·sample 样本） 【搭配词块】 a sample of …的样本 / take a sample 取样 / free samples 免费样品 / sample the local food 品尝当地食物 7. generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生，生成；引起 【核心考点】 generate是说明文与科技类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①产生，生成——generate electricity（发电）、generate heat/energy（产生热/能量）；②generate ideas（产生想法）；③引起，导致——generate interest/income（引起兴趣/带来收入）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：generation n. 一代人；产生→ the younger generation（年轻一代）；generator n. 发电机。辨析：generate（产生，生成，强调从无到有）vs produce（生产，制造）vs create（创造）vs make（制作）。写作金句：Great questions generate better answers than great answers ever could（伟大的问题比伟大的答案更能催生更好的答案）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语generare"生育，产生"（genus"出生，种类"）→ 产生。联想：gen"生"→ generate（产生）、generation（一代人；产生）、generous（慷慨的→出身高贵的）、gene（基因→遗传的）、genius（天才→天生的）。记住：gen=生，generate即"生出来"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：generate还可表示"（使）产生（某种情绪、反应）"，如The film generated great interest among young people（这部电影在年轻人中引起极大兴趣）。此义中宾语为interest/excitement等抽象名词。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Our teacher used a small machine to generate charts from the data, and we could detect clear differences between the two groups."（老师用一台小机器从数据中生成图表，我们能检测出两组之间的明显差异。）（经典原句·generate 生成） 【搭配词块】 generate electricity 发电 / generate ideas 产生想法 / generation n. 一代人 / generator n. 发电机 8. detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 发现，察觉，检测出 【核心考点】 detect是说明文与科技类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①发现，察觉——detect a smell（闻到气味）、detect changes（检测出变化）；②detect sb. doing（发现某人正在做）；③探测——detect the signal（探测信号）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：detection n. 察觉，发现→ escape detection（逃过察觉）；detective n. 侦探→ a detective story（侦探小说）；detector n. 探测器。辨析：detect（通过仪器或感官发现，细心察觉）vs discover（发现，揭示）vs find（找到）vs notice（注意到）。写作金句：Nature hides her secrets well, but science learns to detect them（大自然把秘密藏得很好，但科学学会了发现它们）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语detegere"揭开"（de-"去掉"+tegere"遮盖"）→ 揭开盖子→ 发现。联想：tect"遮盖"→ detect（揭开→发现）、detective（侦探→揭开真相的人）、protect（保护→在前面遮盖）、roof（屋顶→遮盖物）。记住：de + tect = 揭开盖子。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：detect还可表示"（机器）检测出，探测到"，如The machine can detect tiny amounts of poison（这台机器能检测出微量毒素）。此义在科普语境中极常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"With the help of the charts, we could detect clear differences between the mountain plants and those on the plain."（借助图表，我们能检测出山地植物与平原植物之间的明显差异。）（经典原句·detect 检测出） 【搭配词块】 detect changes 检测出变化 / detect sb. doing 发现某人正在做 / detection n. 察觉 / detective n. 侦探 9. primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adj. 原始的，远古的；简陋的 【核心考点】 primitive是科普与历史类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①原始的，远古的——primitive society（原始社会）、primitive species（原始物种）；②简陋的，简单的——primitive tools（简陋的工具）、primitive conditions（简陋的条件）。辨析：primitive（原始的，未开化的）vs ancient（古代的，古老的）vs original（最初的，原始的）vs simple（简单的）。注意：primitive与advanced（先进的）相对。写作金句：Some primitive plants have survived almost unchanged for millions of years（一些原始植物数百万年来几乎未变地存活至今）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语primus"第一，最初"→ primitivus"最初的"→ 原始的。联想：prim"第一"→ primitive（最初的→原始）、primary（初级的；主要的）、prime（首要的）、primer（启蒙读物）、primitive（原始）。记住：prim=第一，第一阶段的即primitive。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：primitive还可表示"（生活方式、条件）非常简陋的，简陋原始的"，如They lived in primitive conditions without electricity（他们在没有电的简陋条件下生活）。此义略带贬义，阅读中注意语境。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some of the mountain plants were so primitive that they looked like ancient species from the age of the dinosaurs."（有些山地植物非常原始，看起来像恐龙时代的古老物种。）（经典原句·primitive 原始的） 【搭配词块】 primitive society 原始社会 / primitive tools 简陋的工具 / primitive species 原始物种 / 反义 advanced 先进的 10. root /ruːt/ n. 根；根源 v. 扎根 【核心考点】 root是说明文与议论文的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①根——the roots of a tree（树根）；②根源，根本——the root of the problem（问题的根源）、at the root of（是…的根本原因）；③take root（扎根；生根）——The idea took root in his mind（这个想法在他心中扎了根）。动词用法：root in（源于）、be rooted in（植根于）——His fears are rooted in childhood（他的恐惧源于童年）。派生词：rootless adj. 无根的。辨析：root（根；根源）vs origin（起源）vs source（来源）vs cause（原因）。写作金句：Strong roots keep a tree standing through the worst storms（强壮的根让树在最猛烈的风暴中屹立不倒）。 【词根联想】 古英语rot"根"（北欧语rota）→ 根。联想：root"根"→ root（根；根源）、rooted（根深蒂固的）、uproot（连根拔起）、rootless（无根的）。记住：一切从"根"开始。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：root作动词可表示"（植物）生根，扎根"，如The plants root quickly in warm soil（植物在温暖的土壤中很快生根）。take root则是高频短语，引申为"（观念）扎根"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Their roots grew deep into the rocks, and their leaves were covered with fine hairs to protect them from the cold wind."（它们的根深深扎进岩石，叶片上覆盖着细毛以抵御寒风。）（经典原句·root 根） 【搭配词块】 the root of …的根源 / take root 扎根；生根 / be rooted in 植根于 / at the root of 是…的根本原因 11. link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系，纽带 v. 连接 【核心考点】 link是说明文与议论文的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①联系，关联——a link between A and B（A与B之间的联系）——There is a clear link between diet and health；②纽带，环节——the missing link（缺失的环节）。动词用法要点：①link A to/with B（把A与B联系起来）；②be linked to（与…有关）——The disease is linked to smoking。派生词：linkage n. 连接。辨析：link（联系，连接）vs connect（连接，更常用）vs relate（联系，be related to）vs associate（联想，关联）。写作金句：The link between humans and nature is far closer than we usually admit（人与自然之间的联系远比我们通常承认的紧密）。 【词根联想】 古英语hlenca"链环"（可能源自拉丁语）→ 链环→ 联系。联想：link"环"→ link（链环→联系）、linkage（连接）、linked（相连的）、chain（链条→一环扣一环）。记住：一环一环即link。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：link作名词还可表示"（交通、通信的）连接线，纽带"，如a rail link between the two cities（两城之间的铁路连接）。此义常见于地理与新闻类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"By the end of the trip, we understood the close link between environment and evolution, and how deeply the two are connected."（考察结束时，我们明白了环境与进化之间密切的联系，以及二者联系的深刻程度。）（经典原句·link 联系） 【搭配词块】 a link between A and B A与B之间的联系 / link A to B 把A与B联系 / be linked to 与…有关 / linkage n. 连接 12. native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 本地的，本土的 n. 本地人 【核心考点】 native是说明文与地理类语篇的高频形容词兼名词。形容词用法要点：①本地的，本土的——native species（本地物种）、be native to（原产于）——This plant is native to China；②one's native language/country（母语/祖国）。名词用法：本地人——a native of Beijing（北京本地人）。辨析：native（本地的，土生土长的）vs local（当地的）vs indigenous（本土的，正式的）vs domestic（国内的）。写作金句：Native species are the best-kept secret of every region's natural history（本地物种是每个地区自然史保守得最好的秘密）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语nativus"天生的"（nasci"出生"）→ 出生于此的→ 本地的。联想：nat"出生"→ native（出生在此→本地）、nation（国家→同生共长的人群）、nature（自然→天生的）、innate（天生的）。记住：nat=出生，native即"生于斯"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：native还可表示"（能力、语言）天生的，先天的"，如a native speaker（母语使用者）、native talent（天生的才能）。此义中native强调"与生俱来"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"These native species, we realised, are living museums of the earth's history, each one shaped by millions of years of change."（我们意识到，这些本地物种是地球历史的活博物馆，每一个都由数百万年的变迁塑造而成。）（经典原句·native 本地的） 【搭配词块】 native species 本地物种 / be native to 原产于 / one's native language 母语 / a native of …的本地人 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 blame blameless (adj.) blameworthy (adj.) --- blame sb. for / be to blame characteristic characterise (v.) character (n.) characteristically (adv.) a characteristic of / be characteristic of ancestor ancestral (adj.) ancestry (n.) descendant (反义) human ancestors / a common ancestor suspect suspicion (n.) suspicious (adj.) suspiciously (adv.) suspect that / suspect sb. of doing evolve evolution (n.) evolutionary (adj.) evolved (adj.) evolve from / the theory of evolution sample sampling (n.) sampler (n.) --- a sample of / take a sample generate generation (n.) generator (n.) generative (adj.) generate electricity / generation detect detection (n.) detective (n.) detector (n.) detect changes / a detective story primitive primitively (adv.) primitiveness (n.) --- primitive society / primitive tools root rooted (adj.) rootless (adj.) uproot (v.) take root / be rooted in link linkage (n.) linked (adj.) --- a link between / be linked to native natively (adv.) nativity (n.) --- native species / be native to Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021全国甲卷·完形·改编）It's the seaside birds that ____________ (blame) at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the hotel. 2.（2021全国乙卷·语法填空·改编）Ecotourism allows the traveler to become educated about the areas, both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural ____________ (characteristic). 3.（2020北京卷·语法填空·改编）The Neanderthals lived alongside human ____________ (ancestor) in Europe for tens of thousands of years. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The old man blamed the young driver ____________ (for) the damage to his garden wall. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）We ____________ (suspicion) that the two plants might belong to the same family, and the tests confirmed it. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Scientists believe that birds ____________ (evolution) from small dinosaurs millions of years ago. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The doctor asked the nurse to take a blood ____________ (sampling) from the patient. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The new machine can ____________ (generation) enough electricity to power the whole village. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Special cameras can ____________ (detection) even the smallest movements of a bird's wings. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Life in the remote village is quite ____________ (primitively), without running water or electricity. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The ____________ (rooted) of the problem lie deep in the history of the two countries. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）There is a close ____________ (linking) between the weather and the number of birds in the area. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）This kind of tea is ____________ (native) to the mountains of southern China. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The scientist ____________ (generate) a long report from the data he collected last month. 15.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The teacher asked us to describe the main ____________ (character) of the local plants. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 生物老师带我们去山里考察，让我们不要把（blame）进度慢归咎于天气。我们收集小____________（样本），记录植物每一处____________（特征）。老师说这些植物的共同____________（祖先）可能长得不同，物种是缓慢____________（进化）的。 我们____________（怀疑）山地植物不同，图表____________（生成）后检测出（detect）明显差异。有些植物很____________（原始的），____________（根）扎进岩石。我们明白了环境与进化密切的____________（联系），这些____________（本地的）物种是地球历史的活博物馆。 Part 7 关联阅读 In the second year of high school, our science club carried out a project to study the wild plants growing on the hill behind our school. We chose a small area and took a sample of everything we found there: grasses, small flowers, even the insects that lived among their leaves. We measured the plants and noted every characteristic we could see, from the width of a leaf to the colour of a petal. Our teacher reminded us that these plants' distant ancestors may have looked nothing like them, and that each species is the product of a very long journey written in every cell of its leaves. At first we suspected that the hill plants were the same as the ones growing in the park downtown, but the data soon told a different story. We used a free app to generate charts from our records, and the app helped us detect differences in leaf shape and flowering time. Some of the hill plants turned out to be surprisingly primitive species that had survived since the last ice age. Their roots ran deep into the thin mountain soil, and they had learned to bloom early, before taller plants could block out the sun. One tiny flower, barely a centimetre wide, had roots nearly a metre long. The most valuable lesson came at the end, when we compared our results with records from ten years ago. The link between climate change and plant life was written in every chart: some native species were moving higher up the hill, chasing cooler temperatures, while others were disappearing from the lower slopes. Our little project had revealed, in miniature, the same story that is unfolding across the whole planet — that nature is always on the move, and that we are part of the changes we once believed were happening only far away. Standing on the hill that afternoon, we felt for the first time that science is not a subject but a way of seeing the world with fresh eyes. That single afternoon changed more than our grade; it changed how we listen to the hills around us. 1. What did the science club do for the project? A. They collected samples and noted the plants' characteristics. B. They planted new trees on the hill behind the school. C. They took photos of the park downtown for comparison. D. They measured the height of the hill with special tools. 2. What did the app help the students do? A. It helped them water the plants on time. B. It helped them identify differences in the plants. C. It helped them sell the plants to the museum. D. It helped them draw pictures of the flowers. 3. What did the comparison with ten-year-old records show? A. The hill was becoming lower and lower. B. The number of insects had increased greatly. C. Some native plants were moving higher up the hill. D. The park plants had replaced the hill plants. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Science projects are usually too expensive for schools. B. Wild plants on hills are more beautiful than park plants. C. Students should stay away from dangerous mountain areas. D. A small study can reveal how nature responds to change. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：blame, characteristic, ancestor, suspect, evolve, sample, generate, detect, primitive, root, link, native Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Don't put the blame on the weather for your being late again. → Don't ____________ the weather for your being late again. 2. The ability to stay calm is a main feature of great leaders. → The ability to stay calm is a main ____________ of great leaders. 3. The museum shows the tools used by our forefathers thousands of years ago. → The museum shows the tools used by our ____________ thousands of years ago. 4. I guess that he has already heard the news about the exam. → I ____________ that he has already heard the news about the exam. 5. The simple tools slowly developed into modern machines over centuries. → The simple tools slowly ____________ into modern machines over centuries. 6. The doctor took a small example of the water to test its quality. → The doctor took a small ____________ of the water to test its quality. 7. The power station can produce enough electricity for the whole city. → The power station can ____________ enough electricity for the whole city. 8. The new sensors can find out very small changes in the air. → The new sensors can ____________ very small changes in the air. 9. The tools used by the ancient people were very simple and rough. → The tools used by the ancient people were very ____________. 10. The cause of the problem lies in the way the school is managed. → The ____________ of the problem lies in the way the school is managed. 11. There is a strong connection between exercise and good health. → There is a strong ____________ between exercise and good health. 12. This flower is originally from the mountains of southwest China. → This flower is ____________ to the mountains of southwest China. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：blame → sample → characteristic → ancestor → evolve → suspect → generate → detect → primitive → root → link → native 复述模板（填空）： 老师让我们不要把（blame）进度慢归咎于天气；我们收集小____________（样本），记录植物____________（特征），想起共同____________（祖先）与缓慢____________（进化）。 我们____________（怀疑）山地植物不同，____________（生成）图表后____________（检测出）差异；有些植物很____________（原始的），____________（根）扎进岩石。我们明白了环境与进化的____________（联系），这些____________（本地的）物种是活的博物馆。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：blame / characteristic / ancestor / suspect / evolve / sample / generate / detect / primitive / root / link / native （知识点来源：选修一 Unit 5 · Revealing nature + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________ 姓名:____________ 班级:____________ 座号:____________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 3 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11 【练习题】 11 Part 7 关联阅读 11 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last month, our biology teacher took us on a field trip to the mountains to study how species change over time. She asked us not to blame the cold weather for our slow progress; instead, we should focus on the task. We collected small samples of soil, leaves and insects, and recorded every characteristic of the plants we found, such as the shape of their leaves and the colour of their flowers. She told us that the ancestor of these plants may have looked very different, and that species evolve slowly over thousands of years. We suspected that the mountain plants were different from those on the plain, and our samples soon confirmed it. Our teacher used a small machine to generate charts from the data, and we could detect clear differences between the two groups. Some of the mountain plants were so primitive that they looked like ancient species. Their roots grew deep into the rocks, and their leaves were covered with fine hairs. By the end of the trip, we understood the close link between environment and evolution. These native species, we realised, are living museums of the earth's history. 【中文译文】 上个月，生物老师带我们去山里实地考察，研究物种如何随时间变化。她让我们不要把（blame）进度缓慢归咎于寒冷的天气，而应专注于任务。我们收集了土壤、树叶和昆虫的小样本（sample），并记录所发现植物的每一个特征（characteristic），比如叶子的形状和花朵的颜色。她告诉我们，这些植物共同的祖先（ancestor）可能长得大不相同，物种是经过数千年缓慢进化（evolve）而来的。 我们怀疑（suspect）山里的植物与平原上的不同，样本很快证实了这一点。老师用一台小机器从数据中生成了（generate）图表，我们能检测出（detect）两组之间的明显差异。有些山地植物非常原始（primitive），看起来像古老的物种。它们的根（root）深深扎进岩石，叶片上覆盖着细毛。考察结束时，我们明白了环境与进化之间密切的联系（link）。我们意识到，这些本地（native）物种是地球历史的活博物馆。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：实地考察研究物种变化→不把进度慢归咎于天气→收集小样本→记录植物特征→祖先可能长得不同→物种缓慢进化→怀疑山地植物不同→生成图表→检测出差异→有些植物很原始→根扎进岩石→明白环境与进化的联系→本地物种是活的博物馆 记忆链：blame → sample → characteristic → ancestor → evolve → suspect → generate → detect → primitive → root → link → native Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 blame /bleɪm/ v. 责备，归咎于 n. 责任 ⚡考点：blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人；take the blame 承担责任 2 characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的 ⚡考点：a characteristic of …的特征；be characteristic of 是…的典型特征；characterise v. 以…为特征 3 ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n. 祖先，祖宗 ⚡考点：human ancestors 人类祖先；a common ancestor 共同祖先；ancestral adj. 祖先的；descendant 后代 4 suspect /səˈspekt/ v. 怀疑，猜想 n. 嫌疑人 ⚡考点：suspect that... 猜想…；suspect sb. of doing 怀疑某人做了；suspicion n. 怀疑；suspicious adj. 可疑的 5 evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化，演变；逐步发展 ⚡考点：evolve from 从…进化而来；evolve into 演变成；evolution n. 进化；evolutionary adj. 进化的 6 sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样品，样本 vt. 取样 ⚡考点：a sample of …的样本；take a sample 取样；sample the local food 品尝当地食物 7 generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生，生成；引起 ⚡考点：generate electricity 发电；generate ideas 产生想法；generation n. 一代人；产生 8 detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 发现，察觉，检测出 ⚡考点：detect changes 检测出变化；detect sb. doing 发现某人正在做；detection n. 察觉；detective n. 侦探 9 primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adj. 原始的，远古的；简陋的 ⚡考点：primitive society 原始社会；primitive tools 简陋的工具；primitive species 原始物种 10 root /ruːt/ n. 根；根源 v. 扎根 ⚡考点：take root 扎根；生根；the root of …的根源；root in 源于；be rooted in 植根于 11 link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系，纽带 v. 连接 ⚡考点：a link between A and B A与B之间的联系；link A to/with B 把A与B联系起来；be linked to 与…有关 12 native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 本地的，本土的 n. 本地人 ⚡考点：native species 本地物种；be native to 原产于；one's native language 母语 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. blame /bleɪm/ v. 责备，归咎于 n. 责任 【核心考点】 blame是记叙文与议论文的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①blame sb. for sth.（因某事责备某人）——Don't blame him for the mistake；②blame sth. on sb.（把某事归咎于某人）——He blamed the accident on the bad weather；③be to blame（应受责备，主动形式表被动）——The driver is to blame for the accident。名词用法：take the blame（承担责任）、put the blame on（把责任推给）。辨析：blame（责备，归咎）vs scold（责骂，训斥）vs criticize（批评）vs accuse（指控）。写作金句：It is easy to blame the weather, but hard to change ourselves（归咎天气容易，改变自己难）。 【词根联想】 古法语blasmer"责备"（源自希腊语blasphemein"说坏话"）→ 责备。联想：blam"责备"→ blame（责备）、blameless（无可指责的→无责）、blameworthy（该受责备的）。记住：blame源于"说坏话"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：be to blame是高考高频考点，意为"应受责备，该负责任"（用主动形式表被动），如The heavy rain is to blame for the delay（这场大雨是延误的原因）。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·完形·blame 名词作宾语）"It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada."（正是这些海鸟至少应承担一部分责任，让尼克·伯奇尔在加拿大维多利亚的费尔蒙帝后酒店上了黑名单。）（真题原句·blame 责任） 【搭配词块】 blame sb. for 因…责备某人 / blame sth. on 把…归咎于 / be to blame 应受责备 / take the blame 承担责任 2. characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的 【核心考点】 characteristic是说明文与科普类语篇的高频名词兼形容词。名词用法要点：①特征，特点——a characteristic of（…的特征）——Patience is a characteristic of good teachers；②the characteristics of the species（该物种的特征）。形容词用法：be characteristic of（是…的典型特征）——Wind is characteristic of the coast。派生词是语法填空高频考点：characterise v. 以…为特征→ be characterised by；character n. 性格；角色。辨析：characteristic（特征，可观察的显著特点）vs feature（特点，外观特征）vs trait（特质，性格特点）vs quality（品质）。写作金句：The ability to adapt is a characteristic shared by all living things（适应能力是一切生物的共性）。 【词根联想】 希腊语charakter"刻印的标记"（charassein"刻"）+ -istic→ 刻在身上的印记→ 特征。联想：charact"刻印"→ characteristic（特征→刻下的印记）、character（性格；角色）、characterise（刻画…的特征）、type（类型）。记住：特征是"刻下的印记"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：characteristic作形容词表示"典型的，特有的"，如She answered with characteristic honesty（她以特有的诚实作答）。此义常见于正式语体。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国乙卷·语法填空·characteristic 名词作宾语）"It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics."（它不同于传统旅游，因为它让旅行者了解当地——无论是地理条件还是文化特征。）（真题原句·characteristic 特征） 【搭配词块】 a characteristic of …的特征 / be characteristic of 是…的典型特征 / characterise v. 以…为特征 / character n. 性格 3. ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n. 祖先，祖宗 【核心考点】 ancestor是科普与历史类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①祖先，祖宗——human ancestors（人类祖先）、a common ancestor（共同祖先）；②（生物的）祖先物种——the ancestor of modern horses（现代马的祖先）。派生词：ancestral adj. 祖先的→ ancestral home（祖宅）；反义词descendant（后代）。辨析：ancestor（祖先，生物或家族上的）vs forefather（先人，多指家族）vs predecessor（前任，前身）vs origin（起源）。写作金句：Every creature on earth can trace its ancestor back to the ancient seas（地球上的每种生物都能把祖先追溯到远古的海洋）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语antecessor"先行者"（ante-"在前"+cedere"走"）→ 走在前面的→ 祖先。联想：ante"在前"+cess"走"→ ancestor（走在前面的人→祖先）、ancient（古代的→先前的）、antecedent（先行词）、advance（前进）。记住：ante + cess = 走在前面的人。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：ancestor在科技语境中可指"（机器、设计的）原型，前身"，如the ancestor of the modern computer（现代计算机的前身）。此义出现在科普类语篇。 【真题原句】 （2020·北京卷·语法填空·ancestor 名词作宾语）"The Neanderthals lived alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago."（尼安德特人与人类祖先在欧洲比邻而居数万年，直到约四万年前灭绝。）（真题原句·ancestor 祖先） 【搭配词块】 human ancestors 人类祖先 / a common ancestor 共同祖先 / ancestral adj. 祖先的 / descendant n. 后代 4. suspect /səˈspekt/ v. 怀疑，猜想 n. 嫌疑人 【核心考点】 suspect是记叙文与说明文的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①怀疑，猜想——suspect that...（猜想…）——I suspect that he is lying；②suspect sb. of doing（怀疑某人做了）——They suspected him of stealing；③suspect sth.（怀疑某事）——She suspected danger。名词用法：嫌疑人——the main suspect（主要嫌疑人）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：suspicion n. 怀疑→ with suspicion（怀疑地）；suspicious adj. 可疑的→ be suspicious of（对…起疑）。辨析：suspect（怀疑，猜想）vs doubt（怀疑，不信任，后接whether）vs guess（猜测）。写作金句：Scientists suspected that the two species were related long before they proved it（科学家在证实之前很久就怀疑这两个物种有关联）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语suspectare"向上看，猜疑"（sus-=sub-"从下"+specere"看"）→ 从下面偷看→ 猜疑。联想：spec"看"→ suspect（偷看→怀疑）、suspicion（怀疑）、suspect（嫌疑人）、spectator（观众→旁观）、respect（尊重→回头看）。记住：sus + pect = 从下偷看起疑。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：suspect作名词表示"嫌疑人，嫌疑犯"，如The police have arrested two suspects（警方逮捕了两名嫌疑人）。此义常见于新闻类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We suspected that the mountain plants were different from those on the plain, and our samples soon confirmed it."（我们怀疑山里的植物与平原上的不同，样本很快证实了这一点。）（经典原句·suspect 怀疑，猜想） 【搭配词块】 suspect that... 猜想… / suspect sb. of doing 怀疑某人做了 / suspicion n. 怀疑 / be suspicious of 对…起疑 5. evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化，演变；逐步发展 【核心考点】 evolve是科普与说明文类语篇的高频动词，本单元"Revealing nature"主题的核心词。用法要点：①进化，演变——evolve from（从…进化而来）、evolve into（演变成）——Fish evolved into amphibians；②逐步发展——The company evolved from a small shop（公司由一家小店发展而来）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：evolution n. 进化，演变→ the theory of evolution（进化论）；evolutionary adj. 进化的。辨析：evolve（进化，长期演变）vs develop（发展，成长）vs grow（生长）vs change（变化）。写作金句：Species evolve not in a day, but over millions of silent years（物种的进化不在一天，而在数百万个静默的年头里）。 【词根联想】 e-（=ex-，向外）+ volv（拉丁语volvere"滚，转"）+ -e→ 向外滚动展开→ 演变，进化。联想：volv"滚"→ evolve（滚出来→演变）、evolution（进化）、revolve（旋转→绕转）、involve（卷入→滚进去）、revolution（革命→翻转）。记住：e + volve = 向外展开演化。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：evolve还可表示"（想法、风格）逐渐形成，逐步完善"，如Her painting style evolved over many years（她的绘画风格多年间逐步形成）。此义中不强调"进化"，而强调"发展"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Species evolve slowly over thousands of years, and every living thing carries the long story of its ancestors in its cells."（物种经过数千年缓慢进化，每个生命都在细胞里携带其祖先的漫长故事。）（经典原句·evolve 进化） 【搭配词块】 evolve from 从…进化而来 / evolve into 演变成 / evolution n. 进化 / the theory of evolution 进化论 6. sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样品，样本 vt. 取样 【核心考点】 sample是科普与研究类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①样品，样本——a sample of blood/soil（血液/土壤样本）、take a sample（取样）；②（商品的）样品——free samples（免费样品）。动词用法：①取样——sample the water（取水样）；②品尝——sample the local food（品尝当地食物）。辨析：sample（样本，用于检验的代表）vs example（例子）vs instance（实例）vs model（模型，范例）。写作金句：A single sample can never tell the whole story of a forest（一份样本永远无法讲述一片森林的全部故事）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语exemplum"例子"（eximere"取出"→ex-"出"+emere"拿"）→ 取出的代表→ 样本。联想：samp"取"→ sample（样本→取出的代表）、example（例子→同源）、exemplary（典范的）。记住：sample=取出的代表。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：sample作动词还可表示"体验，品尝（食物的味道）"，如Visitors can sample the local dishes（游客可以品尝当地菜肴）。此义常见于旅游与美食类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We collected small samples of soil, leaves and insects, and recorded every characteristic of the plants we found."（我们收集了土壤、树叶和昆虫的小样本，并记录了所发现植物的每一个特征。）（经典原句·sample 样本） 【搭配词块】 a sample of …的样本 / take a sample 取样 / free samples 免费样品 / sample the local food 品尝当地食物 7. generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生，生成；引起 【核心考点】 generate是说明文与科技类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①产生，生成——generate electricity（发电）、generate heat/energy（产生热/能量）；②generate ideas（产生想法）；③引起，导致——generate interest/income（引起兴趣/带来收入）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：generation n. 一代人；产生→ the younger generation（年轻一代）；generator n. 发电机。辨析：generate（产生，生成，强调从无到有）vs produce（生产，制造）vs create（创造）vs make（制作）。写作金句：Great questions generate better answers than great answers ever could（伟大的问题比伟大的答案更能催生更好的答案）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语generare"生育，产生"（genus"出生，种类"）→ 产生。联想：gen"生"→ generate（产生）、generation（一代人；产生）、generous（慷慨的→出身高贵的）、gene（基因→遗传的）、genius（天才→天生的）。记住：gen=生，generate即"生出来"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：generate还可表示"（使）产生（某种情绪、反应）"，如The film generated great interest among young people（这部电影在年轻人中引起极大兴趣）。此义中宾语为interest/excitement等抽象名词。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Our teacher used a small machine to generate charts from the data, and we could detect clear differences between the two groups."（老师用一台小机器从数据中生成图表，我们能检测出两组之间的明显差异。）（经典原句·generate 生成） 【搭配词块】 generate electricity 发电 / generate ideas 产生想法 / generation n. 一代人 / generator n. 发电机 8. detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 发现，察觉，检测出 【核心考点】 detect是说明文与科技类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①发现，察觉——detect a smell（闻到气味）、detect changes（检测出变化）；②detect sb. doing（发现某人正在做）；③探测——detect the signal（探测信号）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：detection n. 察觉，发现→ escape detection（逃过察觉）；detective n. 侦探→ a detective story（侦探小说）；detector n. 探测器。辨析：detect（通过仪器或感官发现，细心察觉）vs discover（发现，揭示）vs find（找到）vs notice（注意到）。写作金句：Nature hides her secrets well, but science learns to detect them（大自然把秘密藏得很好，但科学学会了发现它们）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语detegere"揭开"（de-"去掉"+tegere"遮盖"）→ 揭开盖子→ 发现。联想：tect"遮盖"→ detect（揭开→发现）、detective（侦探→揭开真相的人）、protect（保护→在前面遮盖）、roof（屋顶→遮盖物）。记住：de + tect = 揭开盖子。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：detect还可表示"（机器）检测出，探测到"，如The machine can detect tiny amounts of poison（这台机器能检测出微量毒素）。此义在科普语境中极常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"With the help of the charts, we could detect clear differences between the mountain plants and those on the plain."（借助图表，我们能检测出山地植物与平原植物之间的明显差异。）（经典原句·detect 检测出） 【搭配词块】 detect changes 检测出变化 / detect sb. doing 发现某人正在做 / detection n. 察觉 / detective n. 侦探 9. primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adj. 原始的，远古的；简陋的 【核心考点】 primitive是科普与历史类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①原始的，远古的——primitive society（原始社会）、primitive species（原始物种）；②简陋的，简单的——primitive tools（简陋的工具）、primitive conditions（简陋的条件）。辨析：primitive（原始的，未开化的）vs ancient（古代的，古老的）vs original（最初的，原始的）vs simple（简单的）。注意：primitive与advanced（先进的）相对。写作金句：Some primitive plants have survived almost unchanged for millions of years（一些原始植物数百万年来几乎未变地存活至今）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语primus"第一，最初"→ primitivus"最初的"→ 原始的。联想：prim"第一"→ primitive（最初的→原始）、primary（初级的；主要的）、prime（首要的）、primer（启蒙读物）、primitive（原始）。记住：prim=第一，第一阶段的即primitive。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：primitive还可表示"（生活方式、条件）非常简陋的，简陋原始的"，如They lived in primitive conditions without electricity（他们在没有电的简陋条件下生活）。此义略带贬义，阅读中注意语境。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some of the mountain plants were so primitive that they looked like ancient species from the age of the dinosaurs."（有些山地植物非常原始，看起来像恐龙时代的古老物种。）（经典原句·primitive 原始的） 【搭配词块】 primitive society 原始社会 / primitive tools 简陋的工具 / primitive species 原始物种 / 反义 advanced 先进的 10. root /ruːt/ n. 根；根源 v. 扎根 【核心考点】 root是说明文与议论文的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①根——the roots of a tree（树根）；②根源，根本——the root of the problem（问题的根源）、at the root of（是…的根本原因）；③take root（扎根；生根）——The idea took root in his mind（这个想法在他心中扎了根）。动词用法：root in（源于）、be rooted in（植根于）——His fears are rooted in childhood（他的恐惧源于童年）。派生词：rootless adj. 无根的。辨析：root（根；根源）vs origin（起源）vs source（来源）vs cause（原因）。写作金句：Strong roots keep a tree standing through the worst storms（强壮的根让树在最猛烈的风暴中屹立不倒）。 【词根联想】 古英语rot"根"（北欧语rota）→ 根。联想：root"根"→ root（根；根源）、rooted（根深蒂固的）、uproot（连根拔起）、rootless（无根的）。记住：一切从"根"开始。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：root作动词可表示"（植物）生根，扎根"，如The plants root quickly in warm soil（植物在温暖的土壤中很快生根）。take root则是高频短语，引申为"（观念）扎根"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Their roots grew deep into the rocks, and their leaves were covered with fine hairs to protect them from the cold wind."（它们的根深深扎进岩石，叶片上覆盖着细毛以抵御寒风。）（经典原句·root 根） 【搭配词块】 the root of …的根源 / take root 扎根；生根 / be rooted in 植根于 / at the root of 是…的根本原因 11. link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系，纽带 v. 连接 【核心考点】 link是说明文与议论文的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①联系，关联——a link between A and B（A与B之间的联系）——There is a clear link between diet and health；②纽带，环节——the missing link（缺失的环节）。动词用法要点：①link A to/with B（把A与B联系起来）；②be linked to（与…有关）——The disease is linked to smoking。派生词：linkage n. 连接。辨析：link（联系，连接）vs connect（连接，更常用）vs relate（联系，be related to）vs associate（联想，关联）。写作金句：The link between humans and nature is far closer than we usually admit（人与自然之间的联系远比我们通常承认的紧密）。 【词根联想】 古英语hlenca"链环"（可能源自拉丁语）→ 链环→ 联系。联想：link"环"→ link（链环→联系）、linkage（连接）、linked（相连的）、chain（链条→一环扣一环）。记住：一环一环即link。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：link作名词还可表示"（交通、通信的）连接线，纽带"，如a rail link between the two cities（两城之间的铁路连接）。此义常见于地理与新闻类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"By the end of the trip, we understood the close link between environment and evolution, and how deeply the two are connected."（考察结束时，我们明白了环境与进化之间密切的联系，以及二者联系的深刻程度。）（经典原句·link 联系） 【搭配词块】 a link between A and B A与B之间的联系 / link A to B 把A与B联系 / be linked to 与…有关 / linkage n. 连接 12. native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 本地的，本土的 n. 本地人 【核心考点】 native是说明文与地理类语篇的高频形容词兼名词。形容词用法要点：①本地的，本土的——native species（本地物种）、be native to（原产于）——This plant is native to China；②one's native language/country（母语/祖国）。名词用法：本地人——a native of Beijing（北京本地人）。辨析：native（本地的，土生土长的）vs local（当地的）vs indigenous（本土的，正式的）vs domestic（国内的）。写作金句：Native species are the best-kept secret of every region's natural history（本地物种是每个地区自然史保守得最好的秘密）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语nativus"天生的"（nasci"出生"）→ 出生于此的→ 本地的。联想：nat"出生"→ native（出生在此→本地）、nation（国家→同生共长的人群）、nature（自然→天生的）、innate（天生的）。记住：nat=出生，native即"生于斯"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：native还可表示"（能力、语言）天生的，先天的"，如a native speaker（母语使用者）、native talent（天生的才能）。此义中native强调"与生俱来"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"These native species, we realised, are living museums of the earth's history, each one shaped by millions of years of change."（我们意识到，这些本地物种是地球历史的活博物馆，每一个都由数百万年的变迁塑造而成。）（经典原句·native 本地的） 【搭配词块】 native species 本地物种 / be native to 原产于 / one's native language 母语 / a native of …的本地人 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 blame blameless (adj.) blameworthy (adj.) --- blame sb. for / be to blame characteristic characterise (v.) character (n.) characteristically (adv.) a characteristic of / be characteristic of ancestor ancestral (adj.) ancestry (n.) descendant (反义) human ancestors / a common ancestor suspect suspicion (n.) suspicious (adj.) suspiciously (adv.) suspect that / suspect sb. of doing evolve evolution (n.) evolutionary (adj.) evolved (adj.) evolve from / the theory of evolution sample sampling (n.) sampler (n.) --- a sample of / take a sample generate generation (n.) generator (n.) generative (adj.) generate electricity / generation detect detection (n.) detective (n.) detector (n.) detect changes / a detective story primitive primitively (adv.) primitiveness (n.) --- primitive society / primitive tools root rooted (adj.) rootless (adj.) uproot (v.) take root / be rooted in link linkage (n.) linked (adj.) --- a link between / be linked to native natively (adv.) nativity (n.) --- native species / be native to Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021全国甲卷·完形·改编）It's the seaside birds that ____________ (blame) at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the hotel. 2.（2021全国乙卷·语法填空·改编）Ecotourism allows the traveler to become educated about the areas, both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural ____________ (characteristic). 3.（2020北京卷·语法填空·改编）The Neanderthals lived alongside human ____________ (ancestor) in Europe for tens of thousands of years. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The old man blamed the young driver ____________ (for) the damage to his garden wall. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）We ____________ (suspicion) that the two plants might belong to the same family, and the tests confirmed it. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Scientists believe that birds ____________ (evolution) from small dinosaurs millions of years ago. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The doctor asked the nurse to take a blood ____________ (sampling) from the patient. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The new machine can ____________ (generation) enough electricity to power the whole village. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Special cameras can ____________ (detection) even the smallest movements of a bird's wings. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Life in the remote village is quite ____________ (primitively), without running water or electricity. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The ____________ (rooted) of the problem lie deep in the history of the two countries. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）There is a close ____________ (linking) between the weather and the number of birds in the area. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）This kind of tea is ____________ (native) to the mountains of southern China. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The scientist ____________ (generate) a long report from the data he collected last month. 15.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The teacher asked us to describe the main ____________ (character) of the local plants. 【答案】 1. deserve 2. characteristics 3. ancestors 4. for 5. suspected 6. evolved 7. sample 8. generate 9. detect 10. primitive 11. roots 12. link 13. native 14. generated 15. characteristics 【逐题解析】 1. deserve — 提示词blame为名词，that引导定语从句缺谓语，主语birds为复数，用deserve，意为"应承担"。 2. characteristics — 提示词characteristic为单数名词，与geographical conditions并列须用复数characteristics。 3. ancestors — 提示词ancestor为单数名词，human后须用复数，human ancestors意为"人类祖先"。 4. for — 提示词blamed后接固定搭配，blame sb. for sth.意为"因某事责备某人"。 5. suspected — 提示词suspicion为名词，主语We后缺谓语，全文过去时，用一般过去式suspected。 6. evolved — 提示词evolution为名词，主语birds后缺谓语，evolve from意为"从…进化而来"，用过去式evolved。 7. sample — 提示词sampling为动名词，a blood后须用名词，a blood sample意为"血样"。 8. generate — 提示词generation为名词，情态动词can后须用动词原形，generate意为"产生"。 9. detect — 提示词detection为名词，情态动词can后须用动词原形，detect意为"检测出"。 10. primitive — 提示词primitively为副词，系动词is后须用形容词作表语，quite primitive意为"相当原始的"。 11. roots — 提示词rooted为形容词，定冠词the后须用名词复数，the roots of意为"…的根源"。 12. link — 提示词linking为动名词，a close后须用名词，a close link意为"密切的联系"。 13. native — 提示词native为名词，be native to为固定搭配，意为"原产于"。 14. generated — 提示词generate为动词原形，主语the scientist后缺谓语，时间last month提示用一般过去式generated。 15. characteristics — 提示词character为名词，the main后须用名词且表"特征"，用复数characteristics。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 生物老师带我们去山里考察，让我们不要把（blame）进度慢归咎于天气。我们收集小____________（样本），记录植物每一处____________（特征）。老师说这些植物的共同____________（祖先）可能长得不同，物种是缓慢____________（进化）的。 我们____________（怀疑）山地植物不同，图表____________（生成）后检测出（detect）明显差异。有些植物很____________（原始的），____________（根）扎进岩石。我们明白了环境与进化密切的____________（联系），这些____________（本地的）物种是地球历史的活博物馆。 【答案】 samples; characteristic; ancestor; evolve; suspected; generated; primitive; roots; link; native Part 7 关联阅读 In the second year of high school, our science club carried out a project to study the wild plants growing on the hill behind our school. We chose a small area and took a sample of everything we found there: grasses, small flowers, even the insects that lived among their leaves. We measured the plants and noted every characteristic we could see, from the width of a leaf to the colour of a petal. Our teacher reminded us that these plants' distant ancestors may have looked nothing like them, and that each species is the product of a very long journey written in every cell of its leaves. At first we suspected that the hill plants were the same as the ones growing in the park downtown, but the data soon told a different story. We used a free app to generate charts from our records, and the app helped us detect differences in leaf shape and flowering time. Some of the hill plants turned out to be surprisingly primitive species that had survived since the last ice age. Their roots ran deep into the thin mountain soil, and they had learned to bloom early, before taller plants could block out the sun. One tiny flower, barely a centimetre wide, had roots nearly a metre long. The most valuable lesson came at the end, when we compared our results with records from ten years ago. The link between climate change and plant life was written in every chart: some native species were moving higher up the hill, chasing cooler temperatures, while others were disappearing from the lower slopes. Our little project had revealed, in miniature, the same story that is unfolding across the whole planet — that nature is always on the move, and that we are part of the changes we once believed were happening only far away. Standing on the hill that afternoon, we felt for the first time that science is not a subject but a way of seeing the world with fresh eyes. That single afternoon changed more than our grade; it changed how we listen to the hills around us. 1. What did the science club do for the project? A. They collected samples and noted the plants' characteristics. B. They planted new trees on the hill behind the school. C. They took photos of the park downtown for comparison. D. They measured the height of the hill with special tools. 2. What did the app help the students do? A. It helped them water the plants on time. B. It helped them identify differences in the plants. C. It helped them sell the plants to the museum. D. It helped them draw pictures of the flowers. 3. What did the comparison with ten-year-old records show? A. The hill was becoming lower and lower. B. The number of insects had increased greatly. C. Some native plants were moving higher up the hill. D. The park plants had replaced the hill plants. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Science projects are usually too expensive for schools. B. Wild plants on hills are more beautiful than park plants. C. Students should stay away from dangerous mountain areas. D. A small study can reveal how nature responds to change. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段明确交代项目内容——"took a sample of everything we found there"和"noted every characteristic we could see"，学生采集样本并记录植物特征，与A项They collected samples and noted the plants' characteristics对应，故选A。B项"种树"、C项"给公园拍照"、D项"测量山的高度"均与原文不符。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段是解题句——"We used a free app to generate charts...and the app helped us detect differences in leaf shape"，应用帮助同学们检测出叶片形状等差异，与B项It helped them identify differences in the plants吻合，故选B。A项"浇水"、C项"卖植物"、D项"画花"均无依据。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第三段是解题句——"some native species were moving higher up the hill, chasing cooler temperatures"，一些本地物种正往更高的山坡移动以追逐更凉爽的气温，与C项Some native plants were moving higher up the hill一致，故选C。A项"山变矮了"、B项"昆虫数量大增"、D项"公园植物取代山地植物"均与原文不符。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文以科学社团的山地植物调查为线索：从取样记录特征，到借助应用检测差异，再到与十年前数据对比发现气候变化的影响，末段点明主旨——"our little project had revealed...that nature is always on the move"，小小的研究也能揭示自然对变化的回应，与D项A small study can reveal how nature responds to change吻合，故选D。A项"项目太贵"、B项"山地植物更美"、C项"学生应远离山区"均偏离主题。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：blame, characteristic, ancestor, suspect, evolve, sample, generate, detect, primitive, root, link, native Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Don't put the blame on the weather for your being late again. → Don't ____________ the weather for your being late again. 2. The ability to stay calm is a main feature of great leaders. → The ability to stay calm is a main ____________ of great leaders. 3. The museum shows the tools used by our forefathers thousands of years ago. → The museum shows the tools used by our ____________ thousands of years ago. 4. I guess that he has already heard the news about the exam. → I ____________ that he has already heard the news about the exam. 5. The simple tools slowly developed into modern machines over centuries. → The simple tools slowly ____________ into modern machines over centuries. 6. The doctor took a small example of the water to test its quality. → The doctor took a small ____________ of the water to test its quality. 7. The power station can produce enough electricity for the whole city. → The power station can ____________ enough electricity for the whole city. 8. The new sensors can find out very small changes in the air. → The new sensors can ____________ very small changes in the air. 9. The tools used by the ancient people were very simple and rough. → The tools used by the ancient people were very ____________. 10. The cause of the problem lies in the way the school is managed. → The ____________ of the problem lies in the way the school is managed. 11. There is a strong connection between exercise and good health. → There is a strong ____________ between exercise and good health. 12. This flower is originally from the mountains of southwest China. → This flower is ____________ to the mountains of southwest China. 【答案】 1. blame 2. characteristic 3. ancestors 4. suspect 5. evolved 6. sample 7. generate 8. detect 9. primitive 10. root 11. link 12. native Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：blame → sample → characteristic → ancestor → evolve → suspect → generate → detect → primitive → root → link → native 复述模板（填空）： 老师让我们不要把（blame）进度慢归咎于天气；我们收集小____________（样本），记录植物____________（特征），想起共同____________（祖先）与缓慢____________（进化）。 我们____________（怀疑）山地植物不同，____________（生成）图表后____________（检测出）差异；有些植物很____________（原始的），____________（根）扎进岩石。我们明白了环境与进化的____________（联系），这些____________（本地的）物种是活的博物馆。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：blame; samples; characteristic; ancestor; evolve; suspected; generate; detect; primitive; roots; link; native 复述模板参考版本： Our teacher told us not to blame the weather for our slow progress. We collected small samples and recorded every characteristic of the plants. Their common ancestor may have looked very different, and species evolve slowly. We suspected that the mountain plants were different, and after we generated charts from the data, we could detect clear differences. Some plants were so primitive that their roots grew deep into the rocks. We understood the close link between environment and evolution, and we realised that these native species are living museums of the earth's history. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $