22 选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 Out of this world（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、句式、短语及语篇理解等核心考点，按“基础词汇—核心短语—经典句式—语篇应用”逻辑架构知识点，通过考点梳理（如课标单词分层讲解）、方法指导（句式分析与写作技巧）、真题训练（高考原句及语篇解读）等环节，帮助学生构建完整知识网络，突破语法难点与语用瓶颈，体现复习教学的系统性与针对性。 资料采用语境化词汇学习与分层练习设计，如核心单词“absence”通过语境练悟、考点归纳及链接写作，培养学生语言运用能力与思维品质。设置“话题微写作”“读后续写微技能”等活动，结合高考真题语篇分析，在有限时间内提升学生读写综合素养，为教师把控复习节奏、学生高效备战提供有力支撑。

高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Terri，who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth，South West London，says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end． 本句是一个复合句。who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth，South West London是非限制性定语从句，对Terri进一步附加说明；when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end是时间状语从句；主句为Terri，says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit。 特丽现在和朋友在伦敦西南部的旺兹沃思租了一所房子，她说DIY还可以使她在租期结束时免于失去任何押金。 2．(2023·全国甲卷)So，it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out． 本句是一个复合句。it是形式主语，真正的主语是 to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room；when I've moved out是时间状语从句。 所以，知道如何掩盖漏洞和重新粉刷房间以避免在我搬出去时收取任何费用是很有用的。 [Part 1　巧记·课标单词] 写作单词|悉其识 1．　astronaut　 n．　　　　宇航员；航天员 2．　gravity　 n． 重力；严重性 3．　bother　 v． 使烦恼；打扰 n． 麻烦，困难 4．　mission　 n． 任务；使命 5．　maintenance　 n． 维护；维持 6．　circumstance　 n． 条件，状况 7．　luxury　 n． 奢侈品 8．　furthermore　 adv． 此外，再者 9．　vital　 adj． 对……极重要的 10．　discipline　 vt． 严格要求 n． 训练，纪律 11．　leisure　 n． 闲暇，空闲 12．　crew　 n． 全体工作人员 13．　permanent　 adj． 永久的 14．　altogether　 adv．　　　　　完全，总共 15．　crucial　 adj． 至关重要的 16．　orbit　 vt． 围绕……运动 n． 轨道 17．　merely　 adv． 仅仅，只不过 18．　administration　 n． 行政部门 19．　comprise　 vt． 包括，包含；组成 20．　foundation　 n． 基础，根据 21．　purse　 n． 资金，财源；钱包 22．　mechanic　 n． 机械师，技工 23．　incredibly　 adv． 极其，极端地 24．　dust　 n． 沙土；灰尘 25．　shelter　 n．&v． 居所，保护 26．　constant　 adj． 固定的，不变的 拓展单词|通其用 1．　absence　 n．缺席；不在某处→　absent　 adj．缺席的；心不在焉的 2．　occupy　 vt．占用；占领；占据→　occupation　 n．工作；占领→　occupied　 adj．忙于……中的；使用中的 3．　evaluate　 vt．评估；评价；估计→　evaluation　 n．评估 4．　expose　 n．& v．暴露；显露→　exposed　 adj．无遮蔽的；暴露的→　exposure　 n．揭露；面临，遭受 5．　visible　 adj．可见的→　visibility　 n．能见度→　vision　 n．视力，视野 6．　universe　 n．宇宙；世界→　universal　 adj．普遍的；宇宙的→ 　universally　 adv．普遍地 7．　astronomy　 n．天文学→　astronomer　 n．天文学家 8．　origin　 n．起源；由来；起因→　original　 adj．最早的；最初的→　originally　 adv．起初 9．　frequent　 adj．频繁的；常见的→　frequently　 adv．常常；频繁地→　frequency　 n．频率 10．　motive　 n．原因，动机→　motivate　 v．激发；激励→　motivation　 n．激发；激励 11．　invest　 v．投资；投入→　investment　 n．投资；投入 12．　calculate　 vt．计算→　calculation　 n．计算 13．　cover　 v．覆盖→　coverage　 n．覆盖范围；信息覆盖 14．　assist　 vt．帮助；协助；援助→　assistance　 n．帮助；协助→　assistant　 n．助手；助理；售货员 阅读单词|明其义 1．cupboard n．　　　壁橱；衣柜　 2．ceiling n． 　天花板；上限　 3．creature n． 　动物，生物，人　 4．radiation n． 　辐射，放射线　 5．telescope n． 　望远镜　 6．agency n．　　　　机构；代理处　 7．hydrogen n． 　氢，氢气　 8．rocket n． 　火箭；火箭武器　 9．nuclear adj． 　原子核的；核武器的　 子话题太空科技 ①astronaut n．宇航员 ②telescope n．望远镜 ③universe n．宇宙 ④rocket n．火箭 ⑤orbit n．(天体等的)运行轨道 ⑥monitor vt．监测；监控 ⑦data n． 资料；数据 ⑧space station 太空站；空间站 ⑨the outer space 外太空 ⑩manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人宇宙飞船 ⑪weather satellite 气象卫星 ⑫space shuttle 航天飞机 [Part 2　妙记·核心短语] 1．　cast new light on　 使进一步了解…… 2．　in/under the circumstances　 在这种情况下 3．　in view of　 鉴于，考虑到 4．　plain to see　 显而易见的 5．　lay the foundation for　 为……打下基础 6．due to　　　　　由于　 7．a huge amount of 　大量的　 8．be fascinated by 　着迷于　 9．make contributions to 　对……做出贡献　 10．apply to 　应用，申请　 1．“因为；由于”短语荟萃 2．“in＋n．＋of”短语大比拼 ①due to 由于……；因为 ②thanks to 多亏；由于 ③because of 由于；因为 ④on account of 由于 ⑤owing to 由于；因为 ⑥as a result of 由于……的结果 ①in favour of 支持；同意 ②in view of 鉴于，考虑到 ③in memory of 纪念…… ④in respect of 关于，涉及 ⑤in terms of 就……而言 ⑥in charge of 主管，掌管 [Part 3　速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 1．be to do句式 Our main mission 　is to conduct scientific research　(就是进行科学研究)． 2．with 复合结构 　With so much going on　 (发生了那么多事情)，the space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning． 3．as 引导的倒装句 　Splendid as the view of the earth is　 (尽管地球上的景色美妙绝伦)，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think． 4．“否定词＋比较极”结构表达最高级含义 During our leisure time, there is 　nothing we like more than to sit back　 (我们最喜欢做的事就是坐下来)with the rest of the crew and．．． 5．be of＋adj．＋抽象名词 Spending some time in the gym 　is of vital importance　 (至关重要的) to astronauts' health． [核心单词] 1．absence n．缺席；不在某处 ►[教材对接] Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around． 由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①I don't agree to this decision as it was made 　in　 my absence． ②But conscientiousness in the absence 　of　 social skills can lead to problems． ③(2023·北京卷)The 　absence　 (absent) of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high­quality teaching and student success． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)in the absence of sb．/in one's absence 某人不在时 absence of mind 心不在焉 (2)absent adj．不在的；缺席的 be absent from．．． 缺席…… [链接写作]——完成句子 ④　In my absence　 the assistant manager will act for me． 在我不在的时候，经理助理将代我行事。 ⑤As I had a fever, 　I was absent from school　． 由于我发烧了，我就没去上学。 2．bother vt．& n．打扰，烦扰；麻烦 ►[教材对接] It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more． 尝试背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①I don't want to bother you 　with　 my problems at the moment． ②You needn't bother 　to wait　 (wait) for me． ③I'm too busy to bother 　about/with　 fixing it now． [考点归纳]——知识生成 bother sb．about/with sth． 为某事打扰或烦扰某人 bother with/about (doing) sth． 为……费心/花费时间、精力 bother to do sth． 费心/特地做某事 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④The question of what we know and do not know 　constantly bothered me　． 我们知道什么和不知道什么的问题一直困扰着我。 3．occupy vt．占用；占领；占据 ► [教材对接] The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding． 日常工作占用了一天里大部分时间，要求很高，但它们也会非常有意义。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①I am proud of him，who is occupying 　himself　 (he) with his work and devoting himself to helping those in need． ②He is fully occupied 　looking　 (look) after three small children． ③(2021·天津卷)This requires commitment to a particular 　occupation　 (occupy), branch of study or research． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)occupy oneself with/in doing sth．忙于……；专心于…… (2)occupied adj．忙于……的；使用中的 be occupied (in) doing sth． 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth． 从事/忙于某事 (3)occupation n．占领；职业；工作 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④　I have been so occupied with work　 that I haven't had time for social activities． 我是如此忙于工作，以至于我没时间从事社会活动。 4．calculate vt．计算；核算；预测 ►[教材对接] It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year． 据统计，全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①We 　calculate on　 his help to finish the design on time． ②The advertisements 　are calculated　 (calculate)to attract young consumers． ③(2023·1月浙江卷)　To calculate　 (calculate)your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts)． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)calculate on (doing) sth． 指望或依靠(做)某事 be calculated to do sth． 打算或计划做某事 It has been calculated that．．． 据估算…… (2)calculation n．计算；推算 calculator n．计算器；计算者 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④　It has been calculated that　 the construction of the stadium will take two years． 据估算，体育馆的建设需要两年时间。 5．coverage n．覆盖范围，媒体报道；信息范围 ►[教材对接] Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts that receive widespread media coverage． 航天业的职业远不只是被媒体广泛报道的宇航员。 [语境练悟]——指出下面黑体字的汉语意思 ①The programme won an award for its news coverage．　报道　 ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Their study revealed that the large number of observation­only records did not lead to better global coverage．　覆盖　 ③This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage．　承保范围　 [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)coverage ratio 覆盖比率；盈利与利息比率；偿付比率 (2)cover v．覆盖，盖住 n．覆盖物；罩子 cover with 用覆盖；用……覆盖住 cover page 封面；封面页；封页 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④(全国Ⅱ卷)The beautiful long branches 　covered with　 (用……覆盖住) pink­colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations． 6．shelter n．&v．避难，庇护；避难所；躲避；保护；掩蔽 ►[教材对接] We should find permanent shelter that offers longterm protection from radiation． 我们应该找到能长期保护我们不受辐射伤害的永久居所。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①I arrived home dry 　under　 the shelter of the umbrella． ②(2024·1月浙江卷)When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call－not to shelter 　from　 the rain． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)take shelter from．．． 躲避…… under the shelter of．．． 在……的庇护下 (2)shelter from．．． 躲避…… shelter．．．from．．． 保护……免受……伤害 [链接写作]——完成句子 ③They got lost in the forest and couldn't find a place to 　shelter themselves from wind and rain　． 他们在森林里迷路了，而且他们找不到遮风挡雨的地方。 [间考单词] 1．circumstance n．条件；环境；状况 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①(2023·全国甲卷)．．．we get impatient about the 　circumstances　 (circumstance)． ②At no time and 　under/in　 no circumstances will China use nuclear weapons． ③　In/Under the circumstances　， we must rely on ourselves． 在这样的情况下我们必须依赖自己。 2．vital adj．至关重要的；生死攸关的 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①(2021·北京卷)Temporal connection to the environment was vital 　to　 their survival． ②It is vital that new compulsory ageappropriate relationship and sex education lessons in Eingland　(should) help　 (help) equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media． 重要的是我们应该从失败中吸取教训。 ③　What is vital is that　 we should learn something from failure．(主语从句) ④　It is vital that we should learn　 something from failure．(it作形式主语) 3．exposure n． 暴露；揭露 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Her new movie has had a lot of 　exposure　 (expose) in the media． ②Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to 　playing　 (play) computer games． Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin． ③　Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long　 will be harmful to your skin．(用动名词短语作主语改写) ④　If exposed to the sunlight for too long　，you will get your skin harmed．(用if省略句改写) 1．cast new light on使进一步了解 ►[教材对接] Hopefully, the experiment will cast new light on the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning protection． 希望这个实验能使人们进一步了解地球气候，并更好地做好雷电防护。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①He cast 　off　 fear and decided to make a try． ②They cast 　away　 the equipment they would not need． ③These facts have only just been brought 　to　 light． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)cast off 丢弃，摆脱 cast away 扔掉；抛弃；弃船 cast doubt on 质疑； 引起对…的怀疑 (2)bring sth． to light揭露/暴露某事 come to light 暴露 in one's light 挡住某人 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④His words 　cast new light on the problem　． 他的话使人们对这个问题有了新的认识。 2．in view of鉴于…… ►[教材对接] In view of the lowgravity environment, eating is also different in space． 考虑到低重力环境，太空中的饮食也大不相同。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①The village will come 　into　 view at the next turn． ②In 　my　 (me) view，it was a waste of time and money． ③Titanic is 　viewed　 (view) as one of the most romantic movies ever． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1) in view 在视线之内 out of view 看不见 come into view 映入眼帘 have a good view of 清晰看到……，欣赏……景致 (2)view．．．as 看作 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④　In view of the present situation　， we'll have to change our original plan． 就当前的情况来看，我们将不得不改变我们最初的计划了。 1．be to do句式 ►[教材对接] Our main mission is to conduct scientific research． 我们的主要任务是做科学探究。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way to ease pressure on over­touristed destinations is 　to go　(go) somewhere else． ②The solution，of course，was 　to plant　 (plant) trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime． [考点归纳]——知识生成 be to do的主要用法 (1)表示预定，意为“预定”，相当于be going to do。 (2)表示义务，意为“应该”，相当于should。 (3)表示可能，意为“会做”，相当于can/could。 (4)表示命运，意为“注定”(通常用于过去时，描述过去的事实)。 (5)用于if．．．were to do，引导对将来的虚拟语气。 [链接写作]——完成句子 ③Students 　are to gather/are going to gather/will gather　 at the gate of the school at eight tomorrow morning． 学生们将在明早八点在校门口集合。 2．“否定词＋比较级”结构表达最高级含义 ►[教材对接] During our leisure time, there's nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by, talking pictures for our family and friends back home． 在闲暇时间，我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地坐下来，看着我们非凡的地球经过，拍下照片给地球上的家人和朋友看。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①Your story is perfect；I've never heard a 　better　 (good) one before． ②Tom is 　taller　 (tall) than any other student in our class． ③You can 　never/not　 be too careful while crossing the street． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)否定词＋比较级“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。 (2)比较级＋ than＋ (3)can/could＋ never/not＋be＋ [链接写作]——完成句子 ④As far as I'm concerned，　nothing is more important than studying hard　． 就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。 [全练透] Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．Having received their final medical check，the 　astronauts　 (宇航员) then boarded their spaceship． 2．Parents play a 　crucial　(至关重要的) role in preparing their child for school． 3．The stone rolled down the mountain by 　gravity　 (引力)． 4．I must forget these side issues and remember my 　mission　 (使命)． 5．It is widely acknowledged that students should be 　evaluated　 (评价) in terms of overall quality． 6．Jack is a skilled 　mechanic　 (机械师) so he has become skillful at repairing bicycles, too． 7．The importer is protesting against the ban on 　luxury　 (奢侈品) goods． 8．　Furthermore　 (而且), everywhere we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed． 9．The accident has not done any 　permanent　 (永久的) damage． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．It was his 　absence　 (absent) of mind during driving that resulted in a terrible accident． 2．I began to take up the 　occupation　 (occupy) as a teacher in my twenties． 3．She did not bother 　to keep　 (keep) up with the news． 4．This in turn leads to decreased support and 　maintenance　 (maintain) costs． 5．There is convincing evidence that skin cancer is linked to exposure 　to　 the sun． 6．Usually, our teachers often give some 　evaluation　(evaluate) on us according to the performance in their eyes． 7．Good financial accounts are vital 　to　 the success of any enterprise． 8．By my 　calculation　 (calculate)，5% of the students will fail in the exam． 9．The launch of their new machines in this factory received much media 　coverage　 (cover)． 10．Taking babies on their flights can be 　incredibly　 (incredible) discouraging for parents． Ⅲ．选词填空 come to an end, due to, in the circumstances, in view of, make contributions to, a huge amount of, at a speed of, cast new light on, lay the foundation for, plain to see 1．　In the circumstances　 I felt it right that you should know． 2．There is no heating available 　due to　 fuel shortages． 3．In this way, we can 　lay the foundation for　 longterm economic growth in both of our countries． 4．Recent research has 　cast new light on　 the causes of the disease． 5．The hurricane 　came to an end　 at midnight，having caused great damage to the crops． 6．With the rapid development of the Internet, the advantages of the Internet is 　plain to see　． 7．　A huge amount of　 water was wasted in the area, the causes of which are still under investigation． 8．He drove 　at a speed of　 sixty miles per hour． 9．Only in this way can we 　make contributions to　 our family and our society． 10．　In view of　 the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse． Ⅳ．完成句子 1．下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。 The next step is 　to make sure that you know exactly what is required　． 2．无论什么情形，我都不会相信你。 　Under/In no circumstances will I　 believe you． 3．恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。 The bad weather is 　causing problems　 for many farmers． 4．他本来想参加你的生日晚会，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。 He would have attended your birthday party but he 　occupied himself with a very important experiment　． 5．委员会由两名律师、两名记者和一名教师组成。 The committee 　comprises two lawyers, two journalists and a teacher　． [重落实] Ⅰ．单元巩固练 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 Living in space is a challenging but magical adventure． People would love to know 1．　what　 daily life is like in space and how it differs from that on the Earth． Due to the near 2．　absence　 (absent) of gravity in space, the astronauts have to attach themselves so that they don't float around． Their main task is to conduct scientific research and with the space station 3．　needing　 (need) a lot of maintenance, they 4．　constantly　 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning． The most 5．　challenging　 (challenge) work is to perform tasks outside the space station and in the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk． 6．　In　 view of the low­gravity environment, eating is also different in space with most food dried or freeze­dried and they must drink water through 7．　a　 thin tube of plastic from a bag． Exercise is of vital importance to their health and they have to be tied onto special exercise equipment 8．　to stop　 (stop) themselves from floating around． During 9．　their　 (they) leisure time, they like to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch the Earth go by, 10．　taking　 (take) pictures for their family and friends． Ⅱ．话题微写作(邀请信) 假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将组织主题为“遨游太空”的英文绘本制作大赛。请你给你的交换生朋友Grace写一封邮件，邀请她参加比赛。内容包括： 1．比赛目的和时间； 2．作品要求； 3．邀请她参加比赛。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Dear Grace， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [参考译文] 　Dear Grace，　 To develop students' imagination，creativity and ability to express themselves in English，the English Club is going to organize an English picture book contest，whose theme is space travel． The contest will last from March 5th to April 5th．The participants are required to create a picture book with a front and back cover，title page and text pages．The work can be handmade or digital． I hope you can take part in the event，and we can co­create a picture book if you like．I'm looking forward to your reply． 　Yours，　 　Li Hua　 Ⅲ．读后续写微技能(22)——动作描写“腿(leg)” ●[多样表达] 1．shaky/trembling legs颤抖的双腿 2．cross one's legs盘腿 3．tired legs疲惫的双腿 4．drag one's heavy legs拖着沉重的双腿 5．on one's knees跪在地上 6．weaken knees双膝一软 ●[佳句观摩] 1．他继续挣扎着向终点跑去，他嘴巴干涩，腿开始发抖。 He struggled to run towards the finishing line．His mouth was dry and his legs trembled． 2．他摔倒了，背部着地，双腿叉开。(with复合结构) He fell over，flat on his back with his legs wide． 3．他双腿颤抖地站了起来。 He rose to his feet on shaky legs． ●[好句仿写] 1．他用他那疲惫的双腿越过了终点线。 He 　crossed the finishing line on tired legs　． 2．干完活，他疲惫地站在那里，腿在抖动。 After finishing his work，he stood there tiredly，his 　legs shaking　． 3．他回到家中，盘着腿，用拳头支着下巴，陷入沉思。 He returned home，　crossed his legs　 and rested his chin on one fist，lost in deep thought． [培优1]　单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 1．I thought I saw a figure standing in shadows．　n．昏暗处，阴暗处　 2．They had to submit to a thorough body search at the airport．　v．服从　 3．These ancient coins fetch very high prices these days．　v．卖得　 二、一词多义——根据语境选出shadow的含义 A．阴影　B．影子　C．跟踪　D．被……阴影笼罩 1．The ship's sail cast a shadow on the water． 　 B 　 2．He didn't want to cast a shadow on their happiness． 　 A 　 3．In this case they were to be shadowed．　 C 　 [培优2]　高考语篇培素养——Topic：探讨宇宙 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 　　(2024·北京卷)The notion that we live in someone else's video game is irresistible to many．Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously．Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question．We will probably never know whether it's true．We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge． The 18th­century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things­in­themselves that are unknowable．While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions．Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain．No one knows exactly what happens within this black box．If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are 　contingent on　 our social, cultural and psychological histories．Again, a black box． So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation．And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation？” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do．To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us．In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock．In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics． Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation．Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe．Models are not the reality, however．There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation．All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries．And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become． It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor­based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise． 1．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption． B．Illustrate an argument． C．Give a suggestion． D．Justify a comparison． 2．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by． B．Determined by． C．Awakened by． D．Discovered by． 3．As for Kant's argument, the author is 　 　． A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 4．It is implied in this passage that we should 　 　． A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 1．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term ‘simulation hypothesis’ (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously．Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question．We will probably never know whether it's true．We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge．(搜索‘模拟假说’这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上在认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。] 2．B　[词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are 　contingent on　 our social, cultural and psychological histories．(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于由我们的社会、文化和心理历史决定的概念和词语。)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。] 3．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th­century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things­in­themselves that are unknowable．While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions．(18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用。)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation．(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中。)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。] 4．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation．All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries．And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become．(争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力。)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the ‘computer simulation’ metaphor­based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise．(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于‘计算机模拟’隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1．a computer simulation　计算机模拟　 2．return numerous results　返回大量结果　 3．advance scientific knowledge　推进科学知识　 4．play a necessary role in　发挥着必要的作用　 5．fail to reveal reality　未能揭示现实　 6．model the universe 　模拟宇宙　 7．live in a computer simulation　生活在计算机模拟中　 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1．notion n．　概念，观念　 2．objective adj．　客观的，基于事实的　 3．concept n．　概念　 4．facilitate v．　促进，使便利　 5．information n．　信息　 6．comparable adj．　类似的，可比较的　 7．particle n．　粒子　 8．insightful adj．　富有洞察力的　 (三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上) 1．stage A．阶段　　 B．舞台　　C．上演 ①The way children talk about or express their feelings depends on their age and stage of development．　 A 　 ②The road crew needed more than 24 hours to move and rebuild the stage after a concert．　 B 　 2．model A．模型　　 B．模特儿　　C．模式　　 D．典型 ①The model goes to the gym for a workout five times a week． 　 B　 ②I will bring John to the stage． He is a good model． 　 D 　 ③The headteacher let us make a plane model．　 A 　 ◆长句缩写 1．Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation－a concept that some scientists actually take seriously． [句式剖析]　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns (numerous )results [that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — (a concept that some scientists actually take seriously)]． [句子缩写]　 　Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns results．　(不超过10个单词) 2．Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation． [句式剖析]　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 (Now that we are in the information age), we have(new) concepts (such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation)． [句子缩写]　　We have concepts．　(不超过10个单词) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $