10 UNIT 2 Out of this world Period 3 语言知识讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading) 1．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 [例]In the absence of parents' company in their childhood，these children will lack confidence． 童年时缺乏父母陪伴，孩子们会缺乏自信。 (1)in/during sb．'s absence＝ in/during the absence of sb． 在某人不在期间 in the absence of... 缺乏……；不存在…… absence from 缺席，离开，不在某处 absence of mind 心不在焉 (2)absent adj． 缺席的；缺乏的；心不在焉的 be absent from 缺席；不在 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's the manager's job to organize cover for staff who are absent (absence)． ②我因没有参加5月5日的英语俱乐部活动而写信向你道歉。 I am writing to apologize to you for being absent from the activity of the English club on May 5th． ③他驾车时心不在焉，差点酿成一场交通事故。 His absence of mind while driving nearly caused a traffic accident． 2．bother vt．使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi．花费时间精力(做某事)n．麻烦，困难 [例]It bothered the boy that he can't use his salary freely，and he trembled with anger． 使男孩苦恼的是他不能自由地使用自己的薪水，他因生气而颤抖着。 bother sb．with sth． 因某事让某人担心/烦心 not bother to do/doing sth． 不费心去做某事 It bothers sb．that... 让某人担心/苦恼的是…… [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I don't know why he bothers me with this kind of rubbish． ②如果有任何问题，尽管向我寻求帮助。 Don't bother to turn to me for help if you have any questions． ③他们还没有回复我们的信件确实令我苦恼。 It really bothers me that they haven't replied to our letters． 3．occupy vt．占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 [例]The bed seemed to occupy most of the room． 床似乎占去了大半个屋子。 (1)occupy sb．/oneself (in doing sth．/with sb．/sth．) 忙于某事；专心于某事 (2)occupied adj． 忙于 be occupied in (doing) sth． 忙于(做)某事 be deeply occupied in thinking 陷入深思 be fully occupied 忙得不可开交 (3)occupation n． 占领；侵占；职业 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Harry occupied himself in writing(write) his research paper． ②Please state your name，age and occupation(occupy) below． ③他本可以参加你的生日聚会，但他把时间都花在了曲棍球训练上。 He would have attended your birthday party，but he occupied himself with his hockey training． 4．circumstance n．条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 [例]I planned to leave the next day but under the circumstances I decided to stay another night． 我打算第二天离开，但是在这种情况下，我决定再住一晚上。 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under no circumstances＝in no case 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In/Under the circumstances，the information about competition plays an important role in sports． ②在任何情况下，我们都不能放弃我们的信念：我们可以使这个世界成为一个更适合居住的地方。 In/Under no circumstances/In no case shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a better place to live in． 5．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道 [例]Secondly，young people might benefit from early exposure to the Internet for they can start their learning ahead of formal schooling． 其次，年轻人可能受益于早期接触互联网，因为他们可以在接受正式的学校教育之前开始学习。 (1)expose v． 暴露，曝光 expose sb．/sth．to... 使某人/某事面临/遭受…… expose sth． 暴露/显露/揭露某事 be exposed to 接触……；暴露于…… (2)overexpose v． 使(胶片等)曝光过度；对……报道过频 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun． ②让自己多接触大自然能帮助你更进一步了解大自然的美。 Exposing yourself to nature more can help you cast new light of its beauty． ③皮肤暴露在阳光下的时间越长，你患皮肤癌的可能性就越大。 The longer the skin is exposed to sunlight，the more likely you will suffer from skin cancer． 6．in view of 鉴于，考虑到 [例]In view of the present situation，we'll have to revise our original plan． 鉴于目前这种情况，我们将不得不修改原来的计划。 in one's view 在某人看来 on view 陈列着；展览着 in view 在视线中；在视野中 out of view 不在视野中 come into view 映入眼帘 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The pieces on view are not grouped around any one theme． ②考虑到天气，我们将取消此次郊游。 In view of the weather，we will cancel the outing． ③在我看来，我更喜欢长江之旅，长江是中国最长的河流，也是孕育中华文明的河流之一。 In my view/From my point of view，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River，the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization． 7．vital adj．必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 [例]Reading is of vital importance in language learning． 阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 be vital to/for... 对……是至关重要的 It is vital to do... 做……很重要。 It is/was vital that... ……是十分重要的。 (从句中用虚拟语气“(should)＋do”) [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His function is vital to/for the accomplishment of the agency's mission． ②如果我们想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。 If we are to make a difference in life，it's vital that we (should) begin with small things． ③就我而言，保持准确的记录是至关重要的。 As far as I'm concerned，it is vital to keep accurate records． 1．with复合结构 (教材P16)With so much going on，the space station needs a lot of maintenance，so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning． 由于发生了这么多事情，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统，并做一些清洁工作。 [句式分析]　本句中的With so much going on是“with＋名词＋动词-ing形式”结构，在句中作原因状语。 [例1]He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him． 由于全班同学注视着他，他感到更不自在了。 [例2]I'd like to see the new film with time permitting． 时间许可的话，我想看那部新电影。 with复合结构中除了可以跟动词-ing形式外，还有以下结构： (1)with＋宾语＋形容词 (2)with＋宾语＋副词 (3)with＋宾语＋介词短语 (4)with＋宾语＋过去分词 (5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/补全句子 ①He fell asleep with the lamp burning(burn)． ②All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock)． ③I can't go out with all these clothes to wash(wash)． ④Don't speak with your mouth full(你满嘴巴的食物)． 2．as引导让步状语从句 (教材P17)Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think． 虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 [句式分析]　本句是一个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，句子必须用倒装形式。 [例1]Tired and exhausted as she was，she managed to make a flag with her yellow blouse． 尽管她累得疲惫不堪，她还是设法用她的黄色衬衫做了一面旗子。 [例2]Child as he was，he knew what was the right thing to do． 虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 although，though可以引导让步状语从句；although不用倒装；though可以倒装也可以不倒装。 [即学即练]　句型转换 ①Although it was raining heavily outside，they started out very early． →Heavily as/though it was raining outside，they started out very early． ②Although atoms are small，they are made up of still smaller units． →Small as/though atoms are，they are made up of still smaller units． 3．That's why...“这/那就是……的原因。” (教材P17)That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned． 这就是为什么每次太空漫步都是精心策划的。 [句式分析]　本句That's why...表示“这/那就是……的原因。”，why引导表语从句，why后面跟结果。 [例1]That is why there are many versions of the same story． 那就是为什么同一个故事有很多版本。 [例2]That is why the cultural industry in China is needed． 那就是中国需要文化产业的原因。 That's because... 这/那是因为……(because后面跟原因) The reason why...is that... ……的原因是…… [即学即练]　句型转换 He missed the bus，and that's why he was late for school． →He was late for school，and that's because he missed the bus． →The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．You can imagine how fully occupied (occupy) I became，raising four boys under the age of 8! 2．In the circumstances，it seems better not to tell him about the accident． 3．He was eager to be back after more than a week's absence from school． 4．It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated (evaluate) in terms of overall quality． 5．Scientists worry that exposure/being exposed (expose) to light while sleeping can increase chances of getting cancer． 6．What's worse，some drivers do not think it vital to obey traffic rules． 7．Sorry to bother (bother) you，but the manager is on the line． 8．For several hours I made myself highly visible (vision)，making sure everyone could see me． 9．No one is asking you to put on a hair shirt and give up all your luxuries (luxury)． 10．His confidence had been permanently(permanent) affected by the painful suffering． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．尽管太空漫步对宇航员来讲具有挑战性和危险性，但它很有意义。 Challenging and dangerous as spacewalking is for astronauts，it is meaningful． 2．为了完成任务，宇航员们经常进行各种类型的训练。 To fulfill the mission，astronauts often occupy themselves with many kinds of training． 3．低重力对人体有不良影响，那就是为什么宇航员每天都要锻炼。 Low gravity has bad effects on the human body，and that's why the astronauts do exercise every day． 4．在我看来，成为一名宇航员是伟大的和令人钦佩的。 In my view，to be an astronaut is great and admirable． 5．我将让自己多接触天文学的知识，并对此作出贡献。 I'll expose myself to the knowledge of astronomy more and make a contribution to it． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 Due to the near 1．absence(absent) of gravity，we have to attach ourselves．We usually sleep in private quarters，or in sleeping bags 2．attached(attach) to the walls or the ceiling．The routine tasks are demanding but extremely 3．Rewarding (reward)．We conduct scientific research．The experiment I have been working on is to locate and track lightning over large regions of the Earth．Hopefully，4．it will cast new light on the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning 5．protection(protect)．It's time 6．for a spacewalk to test new equipment，monitor scientific experiments or repair the space station，which is the most 7．challenging(challenge) work．The spacesuits allow us to breathe and protect us from 8．exposure(expose) to the cold and radiation．Eating is different．We must eat dried or freeze-dried food．Salt and pepper are only in liquid form to avoid floating away and blocking the air pipes．We must ensure a 9．balanced(balance) supply of nutrients by taking pills．To keep healthy，we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day，using specially designed equipment．During our leisure time，we like to sit back with 10．the rest of the crew，watch our remarkable planet go by，and take pictures for our family and friends． 课时分层作业(四) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．The force of gravity (重力) makes things fall to the Earth． 2．The competition has been thrown wide open by the absence(缺乏) of the world champion． 3．I'm not bothered (使担心) about the cost－you're the one who's making an issue of it． 4．A copy of the report is available for you to peruse at your leisure(闲暇)． 5．The workman was disciplined(惩罚) by his company but not dismissed． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．As we all know，reading is of vital importance in language learning． 2．As an astronaut，he will never give up his dream of exploring space in/under any circumstances． 3．I am writing to apologize to her for being absent from the activity of the English club last Friday． 4．It was awesome that he bought so many luxuries(luxury) since his salary was low． 5．It bothered me that the data in the computer was lost permanently (permanent)． Ⅲ．阅读理解 A Businessman Elon Musk says his company is building a powerful，reusable rocket and a spaceship that may travel to the planet Mars．“The spacecraft would eventually be able to take as many as 100 people and their equipment to the red planet，” he said．He wants to establish a city on Mars．He said the planned city would be able to support itself－complete with the ability to make iron，as well as pizzas． Musk wants human beings to be able to live on more than just one planet．He wants many people to be able to travel to the red planet． “Really the key is making this affordable to almost anyone who wants to go...” “Reusing rockets and spaceships will help lower the cost for each person，” he explained．The spaceships would also be able to refuel(补给燃料) in orbit．He suggested the production of methane(甲烷) and oxygen on Mars would provide fuel for the trip back home． Musk said the trip would last between 80 and 150 days．Eventually，the cost would go down． “The very first flights will be fairly expensive，but the architecture allows for a cost per ticket of less than $200，000．” No date has been set for the first flight．But Musk said he wanted to send the first manned mission to Mars by 2024． Musk invited other companies to join the Mars effort，which reportedly would require about a $10 billion investment． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。商人Elon Musk声称，他的公司正在建造可循环使用的火箭、宇宙飞船，这样就会使去火星旅行的成本降低。 1．What will Musk do to make the trip to the Mars cheap? A．Build a reusable rocket and spaceship． B．Increase the number of passengers on the spaceship． C．Take less equipment on the spaceship． D．Establish a city there and never come back． A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第四段第一句可知，制造可循环使用的火箭、宇宙飞船可降低旅行火星的成本。] 2．If the spaceship returns to the Earth，where will the fuel come from? A．Sunlight．　　　 B．Gas． C．Oil． D．Nuclear energy． B　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，宇宙飞船返回地球的燃料是火星上生产的甲烷和氧气，二者都是气体。] 3．According to Musk's plan，when will the first manned spaceship be sent to Mars? A．By 2024． B．By 2026． C．By 2028． D．By 2030． A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，他希望在2024年发射载人的火星飞船。] B It is in human nature to explore new things．To that end，many countries have been exploring space for many decades，particularly the USA，Russia，and countries in Europe． President Xi praised the success of the Chang'e 5 mission for bringing back the country's first samples (样本) collected from the Moon．The whole country is proud of this breakthrough．The Chang'e 5 mission has achieved many significant breakthroughs，including China's first lunar (月球的) surface sampling，first lift-off from the Moon and the first spacecraft with the ability to meet and dock in lunar orbit and to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere with samples． The success of the Chang'e 5 mission marks a conclusion of China's current lunar exploration project．The successful re-entry and landing of the Chang'e 5 capsule (太空舱) have enabled China to obtain its first lunar samples，marking a new start of lunar and planetary research．With this achievement，China sets a new milestone in space exploration． No matter how far China goes into space，it always stays true to its original mission－uncovering the secrets of the universe and contributing to humans' peaceful use of space．China is a peace-loving country and will use its achievements for promoting peace around the globe． China views these efforts as part of the world's lunar exploration．It chose a different landing site and is promising to share its samples to enrich the planet's knowledge．Some foreign scientists have shown particular interest．The exploration is not for commercial purposes，but for international scientific research．Human beings shall explore the Moon together，as it will finally need large projects requiring international cooperation．China will play a leadership role in the international scientific community． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了“嫦娥五号”任务的成功使得中国在太空探索方面树立了一个新的里程碑。 4．What made Chinese people feel proud according to the passage? A．Chang'e 5's landing on the Moon successfully． B．China's gaining admission to exploring the Moon． C．China's strengthening the ability to promote peace． D．Chang'e 5's bringing back the first samples collected from the Moon． D　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The whole country is proud of this breakthrough．”可知，中国人为“嫦娥五号”带回从月球上采集的第一批样本感到骄傲。故选D项。] 5．Which of the following can best describe the Chang'e 5 mission? A．Horrible but romantic． B．Fearful but successful． C．Challenging but rewarding． D．Dangerous but peaceful． C　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“many countries have been exploring space for many decades(很多国家已经探索太空好几十年了)”、第二段中的“The Chang'e 5 mission has achieved many significant breakthroughs，including...(‘嫦娥五号’任务取得了多项重大突破，包括……)”以及第三段中的“The successful re­entry...marking a new start of lunar and planetary research．(“嫦娥五号”太空舱的成功返回和着陆使中国获得了第一批月球样品，标志着月球和行星研究的新起点)”可判断，“嫦娥五号”任务有挑战性但也是值得做的。故选C项。] 6．What is the text mainly about? A．The original mission remains unchanged． B．Countries join together to explore the Moon． C．China takes pride in the achievements in space． D．China sets a new milestone in space exploration． D　[主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的“With this achievement，China sets a new milestone in space exploration．(凭借这一成就，中国在太空探索方面树立了新的里程碑)”及全文其他内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索方面树立了一个新的里程碑。故选D项。] 7．Where is this text most likely from? A．A poster．　 B．A leaflet． C．A newspaper． D．A guidebook． C　[文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文属于新闻报道，因此文章很有可能来自一份报纸。故选C项。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五 Why should we explore space？Perhaps the best answer lies in our history．What made our ancestors move from the trees onto the plains？ 1 In exploring，the surrounding areas may be identified and prepared for．Without knowledge，these dangers have the ability to harm us． While many resources are spent on what seems a small return，the exploration of space allows new resources to be created． 2 Knowledge or techniques acquired in exploring or preparing to explore always filter (慢慢传开) from the developers to the general population．Techniques may be medical applications，such as new drugs or ways of living to increase the quantity or the quality of time lived． By studying alien worlds，we can place our own world in content．While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works，it also holds dangers．The chance of a large asteroid hitting the Earth is small． 3 Some explanations for extinction and evolution include strikes by asteroids．Our technology is reaching the point where we can detect such a threat and might be able to do something about it． 4 Without the ability to reach out across space，the chance to save ourselves might not exist．Earth is the only planet known to maintain life，but our ability to adapt could eventually allow us to inhabit other planets and moons． Our lifestyles would be different，but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future． 5 A．But given time，it will happen． B．Space allows us to expand and succeed． C．Resources translate into success at survival． D．With knowledge，their consequences may be reduced． E．Nearly all successful civilizations have been willing to explore． F．Scientists can function at world-class level in their specialist fields． G．The dangers exist and knowledge can allow us as a species to survive． 【语篇解读】　本文一篇是说明文。文章主要介绍了人类为什么要探索太空。 1．E　[根据上文“Why should we explore space？Perhaps the best answer lies in our history．What made our ancestors move from the trees onto the plains？”可知，本段内容介绍了人类不断进行探索的原因，正是因为探索，我们的祖先才从树上搬到平原上，E项“几乎所有成功的文明都愿意探索”能够承接上文。故选E。] 2．C　[根据上文“While many resources are spent on what seems a small return，the exploration of space allows new resources to be created．”可知，上文告诉我们对太空的探索会为人类创造新的资源，C项“资源转化为生存的成功”承接上文。故选C。] 3．A　[根据上文“The chance of a large asteroid hitting the Earth is small．”可知，上文告诉我们大型小行星撞击地球的可能性很小，A项“但只要时间到了，它就会发生”与上文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选A。] 4．G　[根据下文“Without the ability to reach out across space，the chance to save ourselves might not exist．”可知，如果不进行太空探索，拯救我们自己的机会可能就不存在了，G项“危险是存在的，知识可以让我们作为一个物种生存下来”能够引起下文。故选G。] 5．B　[根据上文“Our lifestyles would be different，but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future．”可知，人类的生活和文化会适应未来，B项“太空让我们得以扩展和成功”承接上文。故选B。] 13/13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$