14 选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 The universal language（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦词汇、语法、阅读、写作核心考点，按课标单词、核心短语、经典句式模块系统整合，通过高考原句分析、考点归纳、语境练悟、真题训练等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破语法难点与词汇运用瓶颈，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料创新采用“词汇-句式-语篇”三阶提升法，设计核心单词“语境练悟+考点归纳+链接写作”三步学习，读后续写微技能训练结合多样表达与佳句仿写，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。分层练习（基础巩固、能力提升）配合即时反馈，确保高效复习，为教师把控节奏提供清晰模块，助力学生提升应考能力。

高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1．(2024·北京卷)Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice． 本句是一个主从复合句。though引导的是让步状语从句；主句是I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form; I wasn't allowed to practice是省略了关系代词的定语从句。 尽管这些新朋友中有用油画颜料作画的抽象画家，也有版画家和雕塑家，我却把油画视为一种高级形式，自己无权享用。 2．(2024·北京卷) Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously． 本句是一个主从复合句。Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说)是动名词短语作主语；that引导的是定语从句，定语从句中whether引导一个宾语从句。 搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。 [Part 1　巧记·课标单词] 写作单词 | 悉其识 1．　 deserve　 vt．　值得，应得 2． hisper　 v． 耳语；私下说 n． 低语 3． weep　 v． 哭泣，流泪 4．　 overcome　 vt． 克服；解决 5． sorrow　 n． 悲伤，悲痛 6．　forever　 adv． 永远；长久地 7．　rural　 adj． 乡村的，农村的 8．　guarantee　 vt． 保证；确保 9．　communist　 adj． 共产主义的 n． 共产主义者 10． flow　 vi． 流，流动 n． 流，流动；连贯 11． greet　 vt． 问候，欢迎 12．　 recording　 n． 录音；录制 13．　stare　 vi．&n． 盯着看；凝视 14．　grab　 v． 吸引；抓住 15．　 sweep　 vt．&vi．　　　　　横扫 16． complicated　 adj． 复杂的 17．　 stream　 v． 涌动；流 18．　 enthusiastic　 adj． 热情的 19．　 handkerchief　 n． 手帕，纸巾 20．　 vast　 adj． 大量的，巨大的 21．　 reputation　 n． 名誉，名声 22．　brilliant　 adj． 聪颖的 23．　extraordinary　 adj． 不寻常的 24．　upset　 adj． 难过的 vt． 使烦恼 25．　abandon　 vt． 中止，放弃 26．　 uplifting　 adj． 令人振奋的 27．　ease　 n． 容易 v． 宽慰，减轻 28．　genius　 n． 天赋，天才 拓展单词 | 通其用 1．　compose　 vt．作曲；创作→　composer　 n．作曲者→　composition　 n．作曲；作文；作品 2．　drama　 n．戏剧→　dramatic　 adj．突然的，戏剧性的 3．　transform　 vi．& vt．转化；转换；改造；变换→　transformation　 n．转化；转换；变换 4．　combine　 vt．&vi．(使)联合；(使)结合→　combination　 n．联合；结合 5．　surround　 vt．包围；围绕→　surroundings　 n．(复数)周围的事物；环境→　surrounding　 adj．周围的 6．　adapt　 vi．适应；适合→　adaptation　 n．适应；改编；改写 7．　defend　 v．防守→　defence　 n．防卫；防守；防护→　defensive　 adj．自卫的；防御用的 8．　suit　 n．一套外衣；套装 vt．适合；使适宜→　suitable　 adj．合适的 9．　distant　 adj．远的；远处的→　distance　 n．远方 10．　breathless　 adj．气喘吁吁的；屏息的→　breathe　 v．呼吸→　breath　 n．呼吸 11．　usual　 n．特别的，往常的→　unusual　 adj．不寻常的，特别的 12．　expectation　 n．预料；期待；期望→　expect　 v．预料；期待；期望；认为 13．　remark　 v．谈到；说起→　remarkable　 adj．显著的；非凡的 14．　gifted　 adj．有才华的，有天赋的 →　gift　 n．天赋 15．　predict　 v．预言，预测→　prediction　 n．预言，预报 16．　depress　 v．使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷→　depressed　 adj．沮丧的→　depressing　 adj．令人沮丧的→　depression　 n．沮丧 17．　possess　 vt．拥有；具有；支配→　possession　 n．(尤作复数)所有；财产 18．　desperate　 adj．绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→　desperately　 adv．绝望地；孤注一掷地 19．　variation　 n．变化；变体；变奏曲→　vary　 vi．变化 →　various　 adj．多样的；变化不等的→　variety　 n．种类；多样性 阅读单词 | 明其义 1．symphony n．　交响乐，交响曲　 2．tune n． 　曲调　 v． 　调音　 3．volume n． 　音量；体积　 4．blues n． 　蓝调；忧郁　 5．folk adj．　　　 民间的　 6．solar adj． 　 太阳的　 7．chorus n． 　 合唱团　 8．grand adj． 壮丽的　 1．乐器与音乐类型 2．人员与创作演出 ①drum n．鼓 ②guitar n．吉他；六弦琴 ③hiphop n．嘻哈音乐 ④symphony n．交响乐 ⑤musical adj．音乐的；爱好音乐的 ⑥classic/popular/folk music 经典/流行/民间音乐 ①band n．乐队 ②conductor n．(乐队等的)指挥 ③pianist n．钢琴家 ④choir n．合唱团，教堂的唱诗班 ⑤chorus n．合唱曲；歌舞队 ⑥violinist n．小提琴家；小提琴手 ⑦album n．音乐专辑；歌曲专辑 ⑧concert n．音乐会；演奏会 ⑨live adj．实况的；现场(直播)的 [Part 2　妙记·核心短语] 1．　 tear apart　　使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 2．　rely on　 依赖，依靠；信任 3． for good measure　 作为额外增添 4． consist of　 由……组成 5．　 get down to　 开始做某事，开始 6．all of a sudden　　突然，猛地　 7．throw in 　奉送，额外赠送　 8．think highly of 　看重；器重　 9．turn out 　结果是　 10．can't wait to 　迫不及待　 1．“v．＋on”短语聚焦 2．无被动语态的动词短语 ①carry on 继续；坚持 ②work on 继续工作；从事 ③move on 前进 ④try on 试穿 ⑤keep on 继续 ⑥rely on 依赖；依靠 ①date from/back to 追溯到 ②belong to 属于 ③consist of 由……组成 ④come true 变成现实 ⑤take place 发生 ⑥break out 爆发 ⑦run out 用光 ⑧come up 提出 [Part 3　速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 1．过去分词短语作后置定语 Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly lovers, a beautiful violin concert 　composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang　 (由何占豪、陈刚创作的)． 2．as if 引导的句子 When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, 　as if whispering to the audience　 (好像在和观众低声耳语)． 3．形容词(短语)作状语 　Angry and sad　 (悲愤交加)，Liang falls sick and dies． 4．as．．．as．．． 结构 Life here in Nashville is 　as interesting as　 (和……一样有趣) I thought it would be． 5．be＋adj．＋to do The tunes 　are easy to sing　 (容易唱) and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought． [核心单词] 1．deserve vi．&vt．值得；应得 ►[教材对接] It's a piece that really deserves to be heard． 这首曲子真的值得一听。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①Do you think Hippomenes deserved 　to win　 (win) the race? ②This suggestion deserves 　considering/to be considered/consideration　 (consider)． [考点归纳]——知识生成 sb． deserve(s) to do sth． 　某人应该做某事； 某人值得做某事 sth．deserve(s) to be done＝sth． deserve(s) doing 某事值得被做 [名师点津]　deserve to be done与deserve doing意义相同，动名词的主动形式表被动意义，用法相同的单词还有need，want和require等。 [链接写作]——一句多译 正是那些甘愿奉献而不愿索取的人应得到尊敬。 ③It is those who are willing to give rather than receive 　that deserve respect　．(respect n．) ④It is those who are willing to give rather than receive 　that deserve to be respected/respecting　．(respect v．) 2．whisper v．耳语；低声地说 n． 私语；谣传；飒飒的声音 ►[教材对接] When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience． 当梁山伯和祝英台这对情侣初次见面时，音乐轻快悦耳，仿佛在向观众喃喃私语。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①(北京卷)Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper 　to　 myself the two simple words “Be yourself”． ②(全国Ⅰ卷)His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，　whispering　 (whisper) support． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)whisper (sth．) to sb． 向某人耳语……；低声跟某人说 whisper about 低声谈论；悄悄散布 whisper at (in) sb．'s ear 凑到某人耳边低声说 (2)in a whisper 低声耳语 [链接写作]——句型转换 ③The child was whispering to his mother in the corner． →The child was 　telling his mother something in a whisper　 in the corner． 3．transform vi．&vt．转化；转换；改造；变换 ►[教材对接] ．．．telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever． ……告诉我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世双宿双飞不再分离。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas 　into　 one of the best gymnasts in the world，．．． ②(2023·北京卷)Indeed, when it comes to environmental 　transformations　 (transformation), we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”， and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)transform．．．into．．． 使……变成…… be transformed from．．．into．．．由……变成……；由……迁到…… (2)transformation n．(外观或性质的)改变，变革 [链接写作]——单句写作 ③　It was an event that would transform my life．　 那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。 4．guarantee vt．保证；担保n． 保证；担保 ►[教材对接] I guarantee you'll enjoy it! 我保证你将喜欢它！ [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①If you yell at him，he is guaranteed 　to do　 (do) the opposite of what you want． ②The digital camera in our shop is of high quality．If there should be something wrong with it while it is still 　under　 guarantee，we would repair it at our expense． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)guarantee to do sth． 　　　保证做某事 guarantee sb．sth．＝guarantee sth．to sb． 向某人保证某事 (2)under guarantee 在保修期内 (3)be guaranteed to do sth． 肯定会/必定会做某事 [链接写作]——完成句子 ③(2024·全国甲卷)From then on，if I wanted to read an ending 　guaranteed to be happy　，I'd pick up a love romance． 从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。 5．defend vt．保护；保卫；辩护 ►[教材对接] ．．．“The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”． ……《黄河愤》和《保卫黄河》。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in 　defence　 (defend)． ②Everyone should learn how to defend 　himself　 (him) by the lawful means． ③He joined the army in defence 　of　 his country． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)defend．．．from/against 保护……以免受；防御 defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫 (2)defence n．防御；保卫 in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④The wall was built to 　defend the road from being washed away　 by the sea． 建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。 6．desperate adj．绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 ►[教材对接] The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it． 接下来的两个乐章充满了绝望的低声部和激越的高声部，或许分别反映了作曲家的痛苦和与之抗争的坚强意志。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①In 　desperation　 (desperate), he called Louise and asked for her help． ②The man lost in the desert was desperate 　for　 water． ③He is desperate 　to pass　 (pass) the entrance exam． ④(2023·1月浙江卷)They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and 　desperately　 (desperate) wanted to take her with them． [考点归纳]——知识生成 desperately adv．极其；非常；绝望地 desperation n．绝望；拼命；不顾一切 in/out of desperation 绝望之际；走投无路 be desperate for 特别想要某物 be desperate to do sth． 特别想做某事 in desperate need of 迫切需要 [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑤(2024·1月浙江卷)　Feeling desperate　，Eva started using a mind trick on herself． 绝望中，埃娃开始对自己施展心理暗示。 [间考单词] 1．accompany vt．陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①As he was not allowed to accompany her 　to　 the shops，he wrote out a list of items for her． ②While she was singing on the stage，her mother was accompanying her 　on/at　 the piano． ③The storm is accompanied 　with/by　 thunder． ④My sister has come from America to 　accompany me　 during my illness． ⑤(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)These meals are always 　accompanied　(accompany) by laughter and joy． 2．upset adj． 难过的，失望的 vt． 使不安；使心烦；打翻 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①In my opinion，there is no point being upset 　about　 it． ②She was upset 　to know　 (know) that her application for the position was refused． ③I didn't know enough words and my grammar was also poor so it really made me upset． →I didn't know enough words and my grammar was also poor, 　which really upsets me　．(upset vt．定语从句) 3．possess vt．(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①As the saying goes，“A true friend is the best 　possession　 (possess)．” ②Although he doesn't possess much money，he is 　possessed　 (possess) of good health． ③You will take possession 　of　 the house immediately if you pay now． 1．rely on依靠；依赖；指望 ►[教材对接] My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs． 我(寄宿)的主人家是乡村音乐的“铁杆粉丝”，所以我总是可以依靠他们给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①Many people now would rely on 　surfing　 (surf) the Internet rather than read the newspaper for news． ②I rely 　on/upon　 him for everything; he's my right arm． [考点归纳]——知识生成 rely on/upon sb．/sth． 指望某人/某事(物) rely on sb． to do sth． 指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事 rely on one's doing sth． 指望/相信/依赖某人做某事 rely on it that．．． 相信……，指望…… [链接写作]——完成句子 ③As some of these actors could not sing well enough，　they had to rely on other musicians to help them　． 因为这些演员唱得不够好，他们不得不依赖其他音乐人来帮忙。 2．consist of由……组成 ►[教材对接] It consists of four movements：The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen，Ode to the Yellow River．．． 它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》…… [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①His words don't consist 　with　 facts． ②The result is 　consistent　 (consist) with previous findings． ③The beauty of Venice consists 　in　 the style of its ancient buildings． ④(2024·北京卷)The 18th­century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists 　of　 things­in­themselves that are unknowable． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of＝be comprised of．．．由……组成 make up 组成；构成；占……比例 (2)consist in(＝lie in) 在于；存在于…… consist with 与……一致 (3)be consistent with 和……一致/相符 [名师点津] (1)be made up of＝be composed of 由……组成 (2)consist of不能用于被动语态和进行时态。 [链接写作]——一句多译 生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。 ⑤Life 　consists of　 not only sunshine but also hard times．(consist) ⑥Life 　is made up of　 not only sunshine but also hard times．(make up) ⑦Life 　is composed of　 not only sunshine but also hard times．(compose) 1．形容词(短语)作状语 ►[教材对接] Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies． 因为生气和伤心，梁山伯生病并且去世了。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but 　healthy　 (health)． ②(2023·全国甲卷)　Different　 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral． ③The boy lay on the sofa，　relaxed　 (relax)． [考点归纳]——知识生成 形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④　Worried about making mistakes　， I'm writing to bother you to correct the words and format in the material I attach to the letter． 担心犯错误，我写信是为了麻烦你修正我附在信中的材料中的单词和格式。 2．be ＋adj．＋ to do ►[教材对接] The tunes are easy to sing, and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought． 乡村音乐的调子朗朗上口，歌词常常发人深省。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①Today's homework was easy 　to do　 (do)，so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play． ②Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is hard 　to get　 (get) along with． [考点归纳]——知识生成 用法 归纳 (1)句型：主语＋be＋adj．＋不定式 (2)特点：不定式用主动形式表示被动意义 (3)使用条件：使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：①不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系； ②常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。 注意 事项 在该结构中，若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。 [链接写作]——完成句子 ③Even though 　the problem was difficult to solve　， I didn't give up．Because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way．” 尽管这个问题很难解决，但我没有放弃。 因为我坚信“有志者，事竟成”。 [全练透] Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．Bank officials clearly 　deserve　 (应得) some of the blame to enhance their responsibility． 2．There are many different kinds of natural medicine to help 　overcome　 (克服) winter infections and do the trick． 3．I cry out for making friends for I want to share my joy and 　sorrow　 (悲伤)． 4．We cannot 　guarantee　 (保证) our flights will never be delayed, for we could meet something special linking to bad weather or air traffic control． 5．Time will 　transform　 (使转化) us from adorable babies into adults and our parents from adults into old men． 6．She had to face the fact that her life had changed 　forever　 (永远) after her dad died, which stimulated her growth． 7．Relief workers say it's worse than ever as disease and starvation 　combine　 (结合) to kill thousands． 8．They 　relied　 (依靠) heavily on the advice of their professional native advisers． 9．It is an 　adaptation　 (改编) of Liu Cixin's The Wandering Earth and makes people recall associations with nature． 10．Now that you are able to take up arms and 　defend　 (保卫) your motherland's security． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．Studies show that factory farms can tear 　apart　 rural communities in order to protect the environment． 2．She spoke 　in　 a whisper in case of waking her delicate baby up． 3．Trends toward the globalization of industry have 　dramatically　 (dramatic) affected steak production in California． 4．We observe that the first calls for adorable 　transformation　 (transform) did not begin until the period of the industrial revolution． 5．She is a genius because she has successfully combined a career 　and/with　 bringing up a family． 6．Most Western languages have some forms of distinction, with some of them adding ingredients 　for　 good measure． 7．Instead of ending up losing all his wealth he was 　remarkably 　 (remarkable) enhanced his confidence． 8．Knowing that what we have done is remarkably meaningful to others made me feel 　enthusiastically　 (enthusiastic) satisfied． 9．He has a reputation 　for　 being a strict disciplinarian in the school． 10．She's been very 　depressed　 (depress) and upset about this whole situation． Ⅲ．选词填空 tear apart, rely on, for good measure, consist of, get down to, all of a sudden, throw in, can't wait to 1．The development will 　consist of　 66 housing and a number of offices, which can relieve the pressure on housing． 2．Malaysia and Indonesia 　rely on　 open markets for forest and fishery products． 3．　All of a sudden　 she didn't look sleepy any more, because she caught up with a new idea． 4．I can't just sit here and let these people 　tear apart　 my family like this． 5．I 　can't wait to　 get back home after school． 6．If you buy a refrigerator, we will 　throw in　 a microwave oven． 7．　For good measure　 he gave Tom a hug． 8．The summer holiday is over and you must 　get down to　 your study． Ⅳ．完成句子 1．他作为医学领域的领军人物而享有盛誉。 He 　earned a reputation for　 himself as a leading figure in the medical field． 2．杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 By the time Jack returned home from England，his son 　had graduated from college　． 3．幸存者们躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。 The survivors lay on the beach，　exhausted and shocked　． 4．如今求职有时会令人非常沮丧。 　Looking for a job these days can be very depressing　 from time to time． 5．这个问题对他来说很难回答。 It is difficult 　for him to answer the question　． [重落实] Ⅰ．单元巩固练 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分的用法。 The music took me 1．　through　 the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple 2．　torn　 (tear) apart by their families． When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if 3．　whispering　 (whisper) to the audience． It 4．　is followed　 (follow) by a fast and cheerful section 5．　which　 represents their three happy years of school． Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is 6．　when　 the lovers are separated because Zhu's father force her 7．　to marry　 (marry) another man． Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies． Zhu weeps 8．　bitterly　 (bitter)over the loss of her love． Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave． Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet notes, 9．　telling　 (tell)us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever． It is 10．　an　 amazing journey! Ⅱ．话题微写作(邀请信) 假定你是校英语戏剧社社长李华，在排练英语剧时遇到困难，希望得到外教Betty老师的指导。你发邮件邀请她来现场，并请求帮助。内容包括： 1．发出邀请； 2．说明排练难处； 3．请求指导； 4．尽量使用本单元知识点。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右： 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 (参考词汇：排练v．rehearse　n．rehearsal) Dear Betty， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [参考范文] 　Dear Betty，　 As president of the English Drama Club，I'm feeling fully frustrated since the days has witnessed our unsatisfactory rehearsal．Given that you are an enthusiast in drama performance，we are in desperate need of your expert guidance on the scene． To start with，with the lines from the original play，we students encounter great challenges during the rehearsals because of our limited vocabulary and inaccurate pronunciation．Could you please help adapt the lines and correct our pronunciation? What depressed us more is that during the rehearsal，not only does our action stiffen，but our facial expressions seem unnatural on the scene，making the performance unintegrated with the play． Words fail to express my gratitude if you can make presence and offer us valuable guidance． 　Yours，　 　Li Hua　 Ⅲ．读后续写微技能(14)——“悲伤”“沮丧”和“孤独” ●[多样表达] 1．sorrow n．悲伤 2．sorrowful adj．悲伤的 3．depressed adj．沮丧的 4．depressing adj．令人沮丧的 5．lonely adj．寂寞的 6．loneliness n．寂寞，孤单 7．sad adj．悲伤的 8．sadness n．悲伤 9．a sense of loneliness孤单感 10．numb with sorrow极度悲伤 11．one's heart sinks心情低沉 12．with a sinking heart低沉的心情 13．to one's sorrow令某人悲伤的是 14．sadness wells up in one's heart悲伤涌上心头 ●[佳句观摩] 1．男孩抬头看着他父亲，蓝色的大眼睛里闪着泪光。 The boy looked up at his father，big blue eyes shining with tears． 2．每一次我听这首歌曲，悲伤都会涌上心头。 Every time I listen to the song，sadness wells up in my heart． 3．这些日子他情绪低落是因为他没能获得冠军。 These days he was in low spirits because he failed to win the champion． ●[好句仿写] 1．教室里的每个人都在愉快地聊天，而简却一个人坐在那里不知所措。 Everyone in the classroom was chatting happily while Jane sat alone，　at a loss　． 2．悲伤和孤独的气氛笼罩着她。 　An air of sorrow and loneliness settled on　 her． 3．简感到被冷落，孤独使她感到绝望。 Jane 　felt left out and was getting desperate with loneliness　． 4．她很伤心，不知不觉哭了，眼泪止不住。 She 　felt so sad that she found herself crying　 unconsciously，unable to hold back her tears． [培优1]　单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 1．The government recognised his outstanding service by giving him a medal．　v．表彰　 2．We were much alarmed by the fire in the forest．　v．惊慌　 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，．．．”　v．体现　 4．(2024·北京卷)Good social habits do something similar in a social context．　n．环境　 二、一词多义——根据语境选出exit的含义 A．出口　　　　　 B．退场 C．通道 D．退出 1．The heroine made her exit to great applause．　 B 　 2．There is a fire exit on each floor of the building．　 C 　 3．Leave the roundabout at the second exit． 　 A 　 [培优2]　高考语篇培素养——Topic：语言学习 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 　　(2022·新高考卷)Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages．But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground­breaking, five­year study shows that diet­related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages． More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods．Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose． They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth．Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds． The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period．Food became easier to chew at this point．The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large． Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years．These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter­gatherer people today． This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago．“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team． 1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on? A．Its variety．　 B．Its distribution． C．Its quantity． D．Its development． 2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth． B．They could not open and close their lips easily． C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured． D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough． 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Supporting evidence for the research results． B．Potential application of the research findings． C．A further explanation of the research methods． D．A reasonable doubt about the research process． 4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A．It is key to effective communication． B．It contributes much to cultural diversity． C．It is a complex and dynamic system． D．It drives the evolution of human beings． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因为饮食的改变导致了现在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose．(现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的Damián Blasi领导的一队研究人员已经发现了这种趋势产生的方式和原因。)”可知，Damián Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐)，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth．Later，our jaws changed to an overbite structure，making it easier to produce such sounds．(他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的这使得他们很难发出唇齿音，唇齿音是由下唇与上齿相碰发出的。后来，我们的下巴变成了覆咬合结构，这使我们更容易发出这种声音。)”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。] 3．A　[主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，with the use of‘f’ and‘v’ increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years．(一个语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后世界语言的发音有了全球性的变化，在最近的几千年里，‘f’和‘v’(这两个发音)的使用明显增加了。)”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。] 4．C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“‘The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，’said Steven Moran，a member of the research team．(该研究小组的一位成员Steven Moran说：‘自人类出现以来，我们使用的这套语音并不一定保持稳定，相反，我们现在发现的语音的极多种类是生物变化和文化演变之类的东西在复杂的相互作用下的产物。’)”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1．different sounds　不同的声音　 2．southern African languages　南部非洲语言　 3．front teeth　前牙　 4．a global change　全球变化　 5．the popular view　流行的观点　 6．remain stable　保持稳定　 7．the research team　研究小组　 8．cultural evolution　文化进化　 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1．click n．　咔哒声；(鼠标)点击；吸气声　 2．labiodentals n．　唇齿音　 3．overbite n．　(牙齿)覆咬合　 4．jawbone n．　下颌骨　 5．analyse v．　分析；分解；化验　 6．remarkably adv．　引人注目地；明显地 　 7．overturn vt．& vi．　推翻　 n． 　垮台　 8．interplay n．　相互作用　 (三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上) 1．rare adj． A．稀少的　　　　　 B．珍贵的 C．半熟的 D．极好的 ①It remained an exceptionally rare book until it was reprinted in 1918．　 A 　 ②Ferris has a rare ability to record her result of research on paper．　 D 　 2．trend n． A．趋势　　B．规范　　C．风尚 ①One region is attempting to resist the trend of economic decline．　 A 　 ②The record has already proved a success and may well start a trend．　 C 　 ◆长句缩写 A ground­breaking，five­year study shows that diet­related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages． [句式剖析]　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 A(ground­breaking，five­year) study shows that(diet­related) changes (in human bite) led to new speech sounds(that are now found in half the world's languages)． [句子缩写]　　A study shows changes led to new speech sounds．　(不超过10个单词) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $