12 必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义覆盖课标词汇、核心短语、经典句式及语法考点，按“单词-短语-句式”逻辑分层架构，通过考点梳理（如拓展词派生、短语串记）、方法指导（后缀记忆法、句式分析技巧）、真题训练（2024年高考原句解析）等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破难点。 资料以真题语境为依托，设计分层练习（单词拼写、语法填空、微写作）和培优拓展（熟词生义、语篇素养），通过对比辨析（如surroundings与environment）、归纳应用（intend用法考点）培养学生语言能力与思维品质，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，提升学生应试效率。

高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford­upon­Avon，William Shakespeare's hometown. 本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构是Chinese cultural elements...add an international character to...，其中who引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Tang Xianzu。 纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素为威廉－莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔的斯特拉福德增添了国际特色。 2.(2024·全国甲卷)That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. 本句是一个主从复合句。 That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately; why most pet cats are able to tell immediately为why引导的表语从句；if their owners were around any other cats为if引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语；which they don't usually like为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰说明它们的主人接触过其他猫的这种情况。 这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断它们的主人是否曾接触过其他猫，而它们通常不喜欢主人这样做。 [Part 1　巧记·课标单词] 写 作 单 词 | 悉 其 识 1.　deadly　 adj.　　致命的；十足的 2.　broad　 adj. 广泛的；宽阔的 3.　intend　 vt.&vi. 想要，计划 4.　experiment　 n. 实验，试验 vi. 做试验 5.　trial　 n. 试用，试验 vi.& vt. 测试，试验 6.　limited　 adj. 有限的 7.　postpone　 vt. 延迟，延期 8.　sufficient　 adj. 足够的；充足的 9.　wisdom　 n. 智慧，知识 10.　conduct　 vt.& vi. 组织，实施 11.　illustrate　 vt. 说明，解释 12.　indicate　 vt. 表明，暗示 13.　accident　 n．　　意外，偶然的事 14.　favour　 vt. 较喜欢；偏袒 n. 帮助 15.　theory　 n. 学说，理论；原理 16.　charge　 vt.& vi. 充电；收费 17.　standout　 adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人(或物) 18.　involve　 vt. 包含；牵涉；参加 19.　credit　 n. 赞扬，认可 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 20.　moral　 adj. 道德的；道义上的 21.　freedom　 n. 自由 22.　authority　 n. 权威，权力 23.　declare　 vt. 表明，宣称 24.　publish　 vt. 出版，发行；发表 拓 展 单 词 |通其 用 1.　survival　 n．生存；幸存；幸存事物→　survive　 vi.幸免；幸存；生还→　survivor　 n．幸存者 2.　reference　 n．提到；参考→　refer　 vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；将……送/交给 3.　benefit　 n．好处，益处→　beneficial　 adj.有益的，有帮助的 4.　surround　 vt.包围；围绕→　surrounding　 adj.周围的；环绕的→　surroundings　 n．环境；周围的事物 5.　intelligent　 adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→　intelligence　 n．智力；智慧 6.　political　 adj.政治的→　politics　 n．政治(学)→　politician　 n．政治家 7.　electrical　 adj.电的；电学的；与电有关的→　electric　 adj.电动的；发电的→　electricity　 n．电力；电流→　electronic　 adj.电子的 8.　scientific　 adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→　science　 n．科学→　scientist　 n．科学家 9.　applicant　 n．申请人→　application　 n．申请；申请表→　apply　 vt.申请；应用 10.　negative　 adj.消极的；有害的；否定的→　positive　 (反义词)adj.积极的，肯定的 11.　ignorant　 adj.不了解的；无知的→　ignorance　 n．不了解；无知 12.　permit　 v．许可n.许可证→　permission　 n．许可；允许 13.　responsibility　 n．责任；职责→　responsible　 adj.有责任心的 14.　nationality　 n．国籍； 民族→　nation　 n．国家；民族；国民→　national　 adj.国家的；民族的 15.　marriage　 n．结婚；婚姻→　marry　 vt.结婚；嫁；娶 阅 读 单 词 | 明 其 义 1.republic n．　　共和国，共和政体 2.province n. 　省，省份　 3.herb n. 　药草，香草；草本　 4.household adj. 　家庭的　 n. 　一家人　 5.date n. 　　　　日期；时代 6.error n. 　错误，差错　 7.thunderstorm n. 　雷雨，雷暴　 8. metal n. 　金属　　 后缀ance/ence构成的名词大排档 ①ignore→ignorance忽视 ②guide→guidance 指导 ③appear→appearance 出现 ④assist→assistance 帮助 ⑤annoy→annoyance 烦恼 ⑥perform→performance表演 ⑦exist→existence 存在 ⑧depend→dependence 依赖 ⑨differ→difference 不同 ⑩prefer→preference 偏爱 [Part 2　妙记·核心短语] 1.　speed_up　　　　　　　　(使)加速 2.　pay_off　 成功，奏效，达到目的 3.　through_trial_and_error_　 通过反复试验 4.　by_accident　 偶然，意外地 5.　with_a_bang　 很成功；引人注目　 6.let sb. down　　　　　使某人失望　 7.as to 　关于，至于　 8.take it for granted 　想当然地认为　 9.put forward 　提出，提议，建议 10.refer to 　提到，提及，查阅 串记1.“by＋n.”短语全扫描 串记2.“v.＋to (介词)”短语荟萃 ①by coincidence巧合地 ②by accident 偶然地 ③by chance 偶然地 ④by design 故意地 ⑤by mistake 错误地 ①refer to 查阅 ②add to 增加；增添 ③object to 反对 ④stick to 坚持 ⑤lead to导致；通向 ⑥apply to 适用于 [Part 3　速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 1.不定式作定语 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China 　to_receive_a_Nobel_Prize　 (获得诺贝尔奖), awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 2.with 的复合结构 Even 　with_large_amounts_of_qinghao_extract_produced　 (生产了大量的青蒿提取物)，however, they still faced another problem. 3.what 引导的表语从句 Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries in history, but it was not　what_Alexander_Fleming_was_looking _for　 (亚历山大·弗莱明所寻找的东西) when he found it in September 1928. 4.as 引导定语从句 　As_Louis_Pasteur_said　 (正如路易·巴斯德所说的那样)，“Fortune favors the prepared mind.” 5.it作形式宾语 Now, we scientists 　take_it_for_granted_that　 (想当然地认为) it is perfectly possible to live and not know. [核心单词] ►[教材对接] In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 在20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年，屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，计划找到该疾病的治疗方案。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①(2024·1月浙江卷)The last time I used a phone box for its 　intended　 (intend) purpose was...2006. ②(全国Ⅱ卷)Written communications can often read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling，keeping 　intention　 (intend) clear. ③(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 　intended　 (intend) for everyone. [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)intend v．想要；打算；意欲 intend to do sth. 打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 be intended for 为……打算(或设计)的 (2)intention n．意图；目的；打算 intention of doing sth./to do sth.做某事的意图、打算 with the intention of doing sth. 怀着做某事的目的、意图 [链接写作]——句型转换 ④The book is intended for the disabled children in the area and has been published.(用过去分词短语作定语) →The book 　intended_for_the_disabled_children_in_the_area　 has been published. ►[教材对接] Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许后世的科学家借鉴传统中医药的智慧，将发现更多有益于全球医疗保健的药物。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①(2021·北京卷)But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be 　beneficial　 (benefit) for，which is what makes music so valuable. ②(2023·全国乙卷)There are many benefits 　to　 growing plants indoors. ③We should spend money on things that everyone can benefit 　from　. [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)be beneficial to 对……有益；对……有利 (2)benefit n．利益；好处 vt.& vi.使受益；得益于；有助于 for the benefit of为……的利益 be of benefit to 对……有益 benefit from/by... 从……受益；得益于 benefit sb. 对某人有益 [链接写作]——一句多译 每天做大量的运动对我们的健康很有好处。 ④Plenty of exercise every day is of 　great_benefit_to_our_health　.(benefit) ⑤Plenty of exercise every day is 　very_beneficial_to_our_health　.(beneficial) 3．conduct n．行为；举止；管理方法vt. 组织；安排；带领 ►[教材对接] Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally pay off. 他们在两个领域做研究所付出的努力最终或许会有回报。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①　Under　 the conduct of his father，their business was very successful. ②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The experiment of estimation he 　conducted　 (conduct) showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)We'll explore beautiful park sites while 　conducting　(conduct) invasive(侵入的) plant removal，winter planting, and seed collection. [考点归纳]——知识生成 under the conduct of...在……管理指导下 conduct a survey/an experiment/an interview,进行调查/实验/面试 conduct oneself well/badly 举止、表现好/差 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, 　 the_researchers_conducted_two_ experiments　. 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。 ►[教材对接] He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌已经死亡。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①The island is surrounded 　with/by　 the sea. ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the 　surrounding　 (surround)environment. ③He immediately noticed the advantage of his new 　surroundings　 (surround)． [考点归纳]——知识生成 1be surrounded by...被……包围、环绕 2surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n.环境 [易混辨析] surroundings 主要指自然环境，偏重于生活、居住的周围环境。 environment 指大的自然环境，范围要比surroundings大；也可指精神环境、人文环境。强调环境对人的感受、道德以及观念的影响。 [学以致用]——选词填空(surroundings，environment) ④As is known to all，an unhappy home 　environment　 can affect a child's behavior. ⑤It took me a few weeks to get used to my new 　surroundings　. [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑥The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, 　which_was_surrounded_by_a_high _wire_fence　. 饥饿的熊嗅着味道来到我们的营地，那里被一个高高的铁丝网包围着。 ►[教材对接] As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 正如路易·巴斯德所说的那样：“机会眷顾有准备的人。” [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①Could you do me 　a　 favour and watch the baby for half an hour? ②We're all 　in　 favour of equal pay for equal work. ③I know your 　favourite　 (favour) is buying a car. ④Since your economic situations are 　favourable　 (favour) to you, you can buy the car. [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)ask a favour of sb. 求某人帮一个忙；求某人做某事 do a favour for sb.＝do sb.a favour 帮某人一个忙；给某人做件事 owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情 (2)be in (out of) favour (with) 受宠(失宠)；得到(不受)偏爱 in favour of 赞成；主张 in one's favour 对某人有利 (3)favourite adj.特别喜爱的　 　　　 n．特别喜爱的人或物 [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑤A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle aged in this city 　were_in_favour_of_the_proposal　 for health care reform. 去年进行的一项调查显示，本市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的提议。 6．charge n．费用；价钱；主管，负责 v. 装满；控告；收费；充电 ►[教材对接] When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. 当雷暴临近的时候，闪电就会把电引到钥匙上。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①The police charged the thief 　with　 stealing the jewels. ②How much did he charge you 　for　 repairing this pair of shoes? ③The house has been in 　the　 charge of Mr. Bell for more than a year. ④Mr. Bell has been in charge 　of　 the house for more than a year. [考点归纳]——知识生成 1charge sb. for sth.为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with doing sth. 控告某人做某事 2take charge of 掌管/负责…… in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责 in charge of 负责 3free of charge＝for free 免费 [链接写作]——句型转换 汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。 ⑤The company is 　in_the_charge_of_Tom　 while the boss is away. ⑥Tom is 　in_charge_of_the_company　 while the boss is away. ⑦Tom 　takes_charge_of_the_company　 while the boss is away. [间考单词] [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①How does the family survive 　on　 such a small monthly wage? ②As far as I know, the old lady survived her husband 　by　 5 years. ③If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of 　survival　 (survive)． ④The 　survivors　(survive) of the earthquake are fighting for survival. [语境练悟]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①(2023·1月浙江卷)Citizens of higher social classes 　were_permitted　 (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused 　permission　(permit) to participate. ③They are not 　permitted_to_take_photos　 in the park. 不允许他们在公园里拍照。 ④We don't 　permit_smoking　 in the meeting room. 我们不允许在会议室抽烟。 ⑤If you have no 　driving_permit　 you will not be permitted to drive the car. 如果你没有驾驶执照，就不被允许开这辆车。 [语境练悟]——补全句子 ①The United States 　declared　 its independence from Britain in 1776. 美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。 ②Britain 　declared_war_on　 Germany in 1914. 英国在 1914 年向德国宣战。 ③When they asked him for his opinion，he 　declared　 strongly 　against　 the policy. 他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。 ④He solemnly 　declared_that　 it was true. 他郑重声明此事属实。 ⑤They will sign the 　declaration　 tomorrow. 他们明天将签署这份公告。 ►[教材对接] When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当他们未能取得任何预期的效果时，屠呦呦再次去查阅历代中医药典籍。 [语境练悟]——写出黑体部分的含义/单句语法填空 ①Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. 　参考　 ②We often referred to the dictionary for new words in reading. 　查阅　 ③(2023·全国乙卷)What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to？　指的是　 ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super，” 　referring　(refer) to a 52.4­mile double marathon. ⑤People who work in offices are usually referred to 　as　 “white collar workers”． ⑥As the situation was unusual，he referred the matter 　to　 the editor. [考点归纳]——知识生成 1refer to...as... 把……称作…… refer...to... 把……提交给……； 让人参考…… 2reference n.提及；参考；查阅 reference book 参考书；工具书 [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑦You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant 　for_you_to_refer_to　. 你最好写下餐馆里的电话号码供将来查阅。 ►[教材对接] The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①Will you please pay a visit 　to　 Tianjin again so that we may meet again? ②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They could not afford to pay 　for　 transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and desperately wanted to take her with them. ③I am sure that he will pay 　back　 every cent he owes you. ④(2021·浙江卷)Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch (直觉) paid 　off　. [考点归纳]——知识生成 [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑤As a proverb goes，where there is a will，there is a way. 　Our_efforts_will_pay_off _sooner_or_later　. 正如谚语所说，有志者，事竟成。我们的努力早晚会得到回报。 ►[教材对接] One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth. 有人可能认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然，然而实事远非如此。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①I stepped on your foot simply 　by　 accident. ②I came here 　on　 purpose to see you. ③Did you do it 　by　 chance or on purpose/by design? [考点归纳]——知识生成 by chance偶然；意外地 on purpose 故意地 by design 故意地 [温馨提示]　表示“偶然遇到”的动词短语： come across，run into，meet...by chance，meet with，run across等。 [链接写作]——句型转换 ④I'm sorry I didn't break the cup on purpose. →I'm sorry I broke the cup 　by_chance/accident　. ►[教材对接] Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①If I have any further news，you will be the first person 　to_know　 (know)． ②There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts 　to_contact　 (contact) you failed. ③She has only a little room 　to_live　 (live) in. ④The ability 　to_express　 (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. [考点归纳]——知识生成 1当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有 the next，the only，the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。,2动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。,3作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。,4动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。 [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑤He is always 　the_first_to_bear　 hardships and 　the_last_to_enjoy　 comforts. 他总是吃苦在前，享受在后。 ►[教材对接] As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 正如路易·巴斯德所说的那样：“机会眷顾有准备的人。” [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国甲卷)．..the form of the fable still has values today，　as　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． ②This is the same pen 　as　 I lost yesterday. ③This is such a difficult question 　as　 nobody can work out. [考点归纳]——知识生成 用 法 归 纳 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，常放于主句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。 (2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常与the same，such，so等搭配。 (3)在such...as...中，as引导限制性定语从句，而such...that...中，that引导结果状语从句。 注 意 事 项 (1)与as不同，which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能放在句中，意为“这一点”，且无“正如/正像……”之意。 (2)在such...as...定语从句中，as在从句中作宾语。 (3)在such...that...状语从句中，that不作任何成分。 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④As 　is_known_to_us_all　，China is in the east of Asia. 众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。 [全练透] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Ancient Greece was a fountain of 　wisdom　 (智慧) and philosophy. 2．Before they drew the conclusion, they had carried out a lot of 　experiments　 (实验)． 3．She agreed to employ me for a 　trial　 (试用) period. 4．Food will last longer if kept in an airtight 　container　 (容器). 5．We have gained 　sufficient　 (足够的) experience to deal with this kind of problems. 6．The smile on her face 　indicates　 (表明) that she is willing to help us. 7．It's fact of life that some people are born more 　intelligent　 (聪明的) than others. 8．Because of the flood, the 　electricity　 (电) supply in this area was cut off. 9．He lost both of his legs in an 　accident　 (事故), which made him suffer a lot. 10．Now there are many different kinds of 　electric　 (电的) lights which are cheap and environmentally friendly. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It is thought that his 　survival　 (survive) of the airplane crash is a miracle. 2．The book 　intended　 (intend) for children is well worth reading. 3．We are doing our best with the 　_limited　 (limit) resources available. 4．Keeping a balanced diet and taking enough exercise is 　beneficial　 (benefit) to our health. 5．I want to live in a small village which 　is_surrounded　 (surround) by mountains. 6．While wandering on the street, he met his old friend 　by　 accident. 7．I hope there are more people 　in　 favour of my opinion. 8．Due to the 　application　 (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage. 9．He didn't want to let his parents 　down　， so he studied even harder than before. 10. 　Ignorance　 (ignore) is no excuse for breaking the law. Ⅲ.选词填空 refer to， speed up， pay off， by accident， as to， let sb. down， through trial and error， take it for granted 1．Children always 　take_it_for_granted　 that their parents should take care of them and do everything for them. 2．Twelve years' efforts 　paid_off　 the moment he got the news that he had been admitted to Peking University. 3．In his speech, he 　referred_to　 a recent trip to Canada the other day. 4．Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to 　speed_up　 the process of reaching our goals. 5．Don't be angry with him. He made the mistake 　by_accident　. 6．Now you show me a successful complex system, and I will show you a system that has evolved 　through_trial_and_error　. 7．There were doubts 　as_to　 whether she was included in the invitation. 8．Your parents hope that you will go to a Ivy college. Work hard and don't 　let_them_down　. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．我想去买一本供英语初学者使用的词典。 I want to buy a dictionary 　(which_is)_intended_for_English_beginners　. 2．跳广场舞对身体有好处。 Square dancing 　is_beneficial_for_our_health　. 3．正如俗话所说，无风不起浪。 　As_the_saying_goes　，where there is smoke，there is fire. 4．他理所当然地认为他的朋友应该帮助他。 He 　took_it_for_granted_that　 his friends should help him. 5．他想知道围绕这个城市旅行的最好方式。 He wants to know the best way 　to_travel_around_the_city　. [重落实] Ⅰ.单元巩固练 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 Tu Youyou, 1.　born_　 (bear) in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, has become the first female Chinese scientist 2.　to_receive_　 (receive) a Nobel Prize for her contribution to 3.　the　 fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a 4.　greatly　 (great) increased chance of survival. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team 5.　intending_　 (intend) to find a cure for the disease. After 190 failures, Tu and her team 6.　succeeded_　 (succeed) in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. In order to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials, they had to put qinghao into household water 7.　containers　 (container). Besides, to speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team even volunteered to test the qinghao extract on 8.　themselves_　 (them) first. The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid 9.　off　. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the most effective part of the extract and named it qinghaosu, 10.　which_　 is now a key part of many malaria medicines and has benefited about 200 million people. Ⅱ.话题微写作(邮件) 假定你是李华，在暑假参与了一次社区志愿者服务活动。请你给英国朋友 Frank写封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： 1．你做的工作； 2．你的收获。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答； 3．尽量用本单元知识点。 Dear Frank， I hope this letter finds you well. _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Best regards， Li Hua [参考范文] 　Dear_Frank，　 　I_hope_this_letter_finds_you_well.　 This summer, I had the opportunity to engage in a community volunteer service activity that was both challenging and fulfilling. My role involved tutoring children from low­income families in mathematics and science, as well as helping to organize community clean­up events. Through this experience, I've gained a profound sense of accomplishment. Not only did I enhance my organizational and communication skills, but I also learned the value of teamwork and the impact one can make by contributing to society. The appreciation in the eyes of the children and the community members was incredibly rewarding. 　Best_regards，　 　Li_Hua　 Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(12)——“有关看的表达” ●[多样表达] 1．watch v．观察；聚精会神地看 2．observe v．观察 3．notice v．注意到 4．glance at一瞥，看一眼 5．stare at盯住 6．glare at怒目而视 7．peep at偷窥 8．gaze at凝视 9．glimpse at瞥一眼 10．catch sight of看到 11．look around环顾 12．look down俯视 13．look through浏览 14．catch a glimpse of偷瞄一眼 15．look out of the window望向窗外 16．take a quick look瞥见；不经意看到 17．look at sb.straight in the eyes/look into one's eyes直视某人的眼睛 18．exchange a glance with sb.与某人交换眼色 19．eyes rest on sth.目光落在…… 20．fix eyes on盯着 ●[佳句观摩] 1．我们都聚在电视机前，祈求看一眼他的脸。 We all gathered in front of the television, praying to catch a glance/glimpse of his face. 2．没有其他人注意到我们，我放下礼物，猛地按了按他的门铃。 Seeing no other people notice us，I placed the present down and pounded his doorbell. 3．她的眼睛落在我四岁生日聚会时我和她的照片上。 Her eyes fell on the photos of her and me at my fourth birthday party. ●[好句仿写] 1．她快乐地唱歌，用又大又明亮的眼睛目不转睛地看着周围的环境。 Singing happily，she 　gazed_at_her_surroundings　 with her large，innocent eyes. 2．这位妇女热切地看着这个女孩，想和她说话。 The woman 　was_staring_eagerly_at　 the girl，trying to make a conversation. 3．当这位女士感到越来越沮丧和绝望时，我无助地看着。 I 　watched_helplessly　，as the woman felt more and more frustrated and hopeless. [培优1]　单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 1．They are refusing to inject any more capital (资金) into the industry.　v．(给……)投入(资金)　 2．Anyway，I tried to pace myself，and after a while，the other runners started getting slower，so I was able to overtake them and finally win the race！　v．控制节奏或速度　 3．We had to offer our house as a guarantee when getting the loan.　n．抵押品；保证金　 二、一词多义——据语境选出pace的含义 A．n.速度；步伐　　　　　　　 　B．n.节奏 C．vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏 D．vi.走来走去 1．To be honest，I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country.　__B__　 2．She stood up and began to pace up and down.　__D__　 3．When John found he was going to be late, he stepped up his pace.　__A__　 4．It's a long climb，so you have to pace yourself.　__C__　 [培优2]　高考语篇培素养——Topic：对社会有突出贡献的人物 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 　　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.” 1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？ A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone. C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor. 2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？ A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem. C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco­machine. 3.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？ A.To review John's research plans. B.To show an application of John's idea. C.To compare John's different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John's invention. 4.What is the basis for John's work？ A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive. C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，长大后他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏物。)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals？(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。] 2．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去。)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净的水。)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态机器。] 3．B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。] 4．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1．explore the woods　探索树林　 2．solve problems　解决问题　 3．be used to do　被用来做　 4．clean up the messes　清理脏物　 5．combination of animals and plants　动植物结合　 6．remove harmful substances from some sludge　从污泥中除去有害物质　 7．little by little　逐渐地　 8．take on many big jobs　承担了很多大型工作项目　 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1．observe v．　观察　 2．stream n．　小溪　 3．creature n．　生物　 4．process n．　过程　 5．trap v．　困住　 6．remove v．　除去　 7．organism n．　有机体　 　 8．ecosystem n．　　生态系统　 (三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上) 1．spare ①She was thin and spare. 　__B__　 ②I have several spare batteries in my house.　__D__　 2．digest ①The organization publishes a digest of statistics.　__C__　 ② Allow your food to digest before exercising.　__A__　 ◆长句缩写 A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. 　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 A (dirty) stream, (for example), (often) became clear [after flowing through plants along rocks (where tiny creatures lived)]. 　 　A_stream_became_clear.　 (不超过10个单词) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $